Feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp and a preparation method of the feed, and belongs to the technical field of aquatic feed. The feed specifically comprises the following raw materials: fish meal, fermented soybean meal, cricket powder, fly maggot powder, fermented rapeseed meal, corn protein powder, corn starch, rice bran, wheat middling, soybean oil, peony seed oil, fish oil, composite minerals, table salt, an aquatic compound premix and an additive. The additives are lactic acid bacteria, berberine, eucommia ulmoides and sulforaphane. The invention also provides a specific preparation method. The feed produced by the invention can significantly improve the growth performance and survival rate of the Yellow River carps, and compared with the existing compound feed, the feed is balanced in nutrition, facilitates sufficient digestion and absorption of the Yellow River carps, enhances the immunity of the Yellow River carps, reduces the content of blood fat, inhibits the generation of fatty livers, and achieves the purposes of shortening the culture cycle, reducing the culture cost and improving the economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquatic feed, in particular to a feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio) has bright color, golden scales and red tail, fast growth rate, and the market price is several times higher than other carp varieties. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "if you want to eat fish, you must eat carp from the river" and "Luo carp and Yi bream are as expensive as cattle and sheep". Yellow River carp has always been a top-quality food. In recent years, Yellow River carp has become a best-selling variety in my country's aquatic product market. The degree of intensive and large-scale breeding has been continuously improved, and the breeding output has also increased year by year. However, due to the serious unreasonable nutritional ratio of the compound feed used in the actual breeding process of this fish, the fish has a high mortality rate of young fish, slow growth rate, low feed utilization rate, excessive deposition of fish body fat and serious pollution of breeding water under the large-scale and intensive breeding mode. In particular, nutritional diseases such as fatty liver have caused significant economic losses to my country's freshwater fish breeding industry. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a feed that regulates the fat metabolism of Yellow River carp.

[0003] Protein is an essential component for fish growth, development, and reproduction. The protein content in feed is an important factor in determining fish growth rate. However, protein feeds such as fish meal and soybean meal are expensive. In order to ensure the total energy needs of fish, high fat is added to the feed to reduce feed costs. However, long-term feeding of high-fat feeds will cause fish to develop metabolic diseases such as fatty liver. Intensive feeding, excessive use of drugs, uneven feed nutrition combinations, and the addition of spoiled raw materials during the breeding process can also lead to the occurrence of fatty liver.

[0004] The liver of fish can absorb nutrients and fats from feed, but when the excess fat in the feed reaches the liver, if it cannot be transported out in time, it will accumulate and form fatty liver, which is the origin of fatty liver in fish that we usually mention. The fat content in the muscle of fish with fatty liver disease will also increase, affecting the quality of fish meat. If this disease occurs in summer, it will also cause the death of fish, causing considerable economic losses to farmers and affecting the healthy development of the aquaculture industry.

[0005] Based on this, a feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp and a preparation method thereof are proposed. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp, comprising the following raw materials:

[0008] Fish meal, fermented soybean meal, cricket meal, fly maggot meal, fermented rapeseed meal, corn gluten meal, corn starch, rice bran, second flour, soybean oil, peony seed oil, fish oil, complex minerals, salt, aquatic composite premixes and additives;

[0009] The additives are lactic acid bacteria, berberine, eucommia bark and sulforaphane.

[0010] Preferably, the raw materials are in the following proportions by mass:

[0011] Fish meal 6-12%, fermented soybean meal 10-18%, cricket meal 6-10%, fly maggot meal 10-20%, fermented rapeseed meal 5-10%, corn gluten meal 5-8%, corn starch 8-10%, rice bran 5-8%, second-grade flour 12-16%, soybean oil 0.5-2%, peony seed oil 1-2%, fish oil 1-2%, complex minerals 1%, salt 0.1-0.5%, aquatic composite premix 1%.

[0012] Preferably, the additive is added in a proportion per kilogram of feed, wherein the lactic acid bacteria are 1×10 6 ~10 7 cfu / kg, berberine 0.2mg / kg, Eucommia ulmoides 0.05-0.2g / kg, sulforaphane 10mg / Kg;

[0013] The lactic acid bacteria are selected from lactic acid bacteria culture fluid, and the preparation method of the lactic acid bacteria culture fluid is as follows: pure lactic acid bacteria are amplified at 35°C for 2 days, 2 mL of the culture medium is aspirated, the supernatant is discarded after centrifugation, and then 0.1 mL of the suspension is aspirated, and the suspension is cultured in a glucose culture medium at a pH of 7.2 for 24 hours to obtain a sterile complete culture fluid containing lactic acid bacteria water-soluble substances, and the concentration of the complete culture fluid is 7.8×10 9 cfu / mL.

[0014] Preferably, the composite minerals are composed of KI, CuSO4·5H2O, CoCl2·6H2O, FeSO4·7H2O, MnSO4·4H2O and ZnSO4·7H2O, wherein each kilogram of feed contains 0.06g of KI, 10mg of CuSO4·5H2O, 1mg of CoCl2·6H2O, 23.2g of FeSO4·7H2O, 2g of MnSO4·4H2O and 60mg of ZnSO4·7H2O;

[0015] Each kilogram of feed also contains vitamins, including VA9000IU; VD 5000IU; VE 25mg; VK3 2.2mg; VC78mg; VB1 3.2mg; VB2 5.5mg; niacin 40mg; VB5 20mg; VB6 10mg; VB12 0.018mg; pantothenic acid 10mg; folic acid 2.38mg; choline 300mg.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. Fermented soybean meal, fermented rapeseed meal, cricket powder, fly maggot powder and rice bran are crushed and mixed in proportion to obtain a mixture A; fish meal, corn gluten meal, corn starch, second-grade flour, composite minerals and aquatic composite premix are mixed in proportion to obtain a mixture B;

[0018] S2, adding mixed material A and mixed material B into a mixer for mixing and stirring, and adding additives in corresponding proportions after mixing to obtain a mixed feed;

[0019] S3. The obtained mixed feed is made into granules with a particle size of 2 to 4 mm by using a granulator, and the granules are dehydrated by using a cold air blower, cooled and dried to obtain Yellow River carp feed.

[0020] Preferably, in S1, the particle size after crushing is such that all particles can pass through a 40-mesh sieve, and the mixing time is 10 to 20 minutes.

[0021] Preferably, in S2, the additive is weighed according to the addition ratio described in claim 3, mixed with the corn protein powder, and then added into the mixer.

[0022] Preferably, in S3, the moisture content of the particles after dehydration, cooling and drying is less than 10%.

[0023] Preferably, the nutrients and levels contained in the feed prepared above are: crude protein 28-32%, crude fat 7-10%, and total energy 16-20 MJ / kg.

[0024] Therefore, the feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp and the preparation method thereof of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The lactic acid bacteria, berberine, Eucommia bark and sulfur radish used in the present invention are all green and environmentally friendly additives, which will not produce any side effects on the fish body and can play a good role in improving the health of the fish body; moreover, the lactic acid bacteria can reduce the pH value of the Eucommia bark extract, promote protein decomposition, and avoid polyphenol oxidation and molecular degradation; the final feed contains 28-32% crude protein, 7-10% crude fat, and 16-20MJ / kg gross energy. The high content of protein and live bacteria enhances the digestive ability of the fish body.

[0026] (2) The raw materials of the present invention contain eucommia bark, berberine and sulforaphane. Among them, eucommia bark is rich in various unsaturated fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, vitamin E, aucubin, geniposide, pinoresinol diglucoside and other polycyclic ether terpene glycosides, active ingredients, minerals and trace elements; berberine has the effects of protecting liver, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemia and lipid-lowering, and can effectively alleviate liver damage caused by fat deposition; sulforaphane has the function of regulating the balance between fish body and external environment, improving fish body's anti-stress ability, strengthening fish body's physique, promoting digestion, absorption and growth, anti-bacteria, inhibiting viruses, etc., enhancing disease resistance, improving the health of Yellow River carp, reducing production costs, and can be used for large-scale breeding.

[0027] (3) The present invention adopts soybean oil, peony seed oil and fish oil to compound, which can adjust the content of α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, provide unsaturated fatty acids for fish, enhance the immune function of fish and improve the anti-stress ability. Most of the raw materials used in the present invention are feed raw materials that can be obtained in large quantities in my country, with low cost, good feeding effect, and convenient for large-scale promotion.

[0028] (4) After feeding with the feed prepared by the present invention, the fatty liver of Yellow River carp is significantly improved, so that the growth performance and immune index activity of Yellow River carp are significantly improved, and the activity of immune indexes of Yellow River carp is enhanced.

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The HE-stained microscopic images of the liver tissue of Yellow River carp in the embodiment of the present invention are shown in FIG. 1 , with a scale of 20 μm; wherein (B) is the control group and (C) is the experimental group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0033] The aquatic composite premix used in the present invention is a product purchased on the market; the lactic acid bacteria used are a type of substance widely present in animals, which can provide part of the essential amino acids and vitamins, produce acids and enzymes, and help the host digestion; adjust the digestive tract microecological balance, inhibit and exclude harmful bacteria through antagonism, limit the colonization of harmful bacteria in the body through adhesion resistance and competitive exclusion, remove harmful substances in the stomach and intestines, and regulate anti-stress ability; and it has the advantages of low price, abundant source, low toxicity, no drug resistance and drug residue.

[0034] Example

[0035] A feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp, wherein the weight of the raw materials accounts for the following percentages of the total weight of the feed:

[0036] Fish meal 8%, fermented soybean meal 10%, cricket meal 6%, fly maggot meal 20%, fermented rapeseed meal 8%, corn protein meal 6%, corn starch 9%, rice bran 6%, second flour 15%, soybean oil 2%, peony seed oil 1%, fish oil 2%, complex minerals 1%, salt 0.2%, aquatic compound premix 1%; each kilogram of feed also contains 1×10 lactic acid bacteria 6 ~10 7 cfu / kg, berberine 0.2mg / kg, eucommia ulmoides 0.05~0.2g / kg, sulforaphane 10mg / Kg.

[0037] The above ratio is used to prepare the feed, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0038] S1. Fermented soybean meal, fermented rapeseed meal, cricket powder, fly maggot powder and rice bran are fully crushed by a crusher, and the crushed particle size is required to pass through a 40-mesh sieve. Then, after weighing according to the above mass percentage, they are placed in a mixer and stirred for 10 to 20 minutes to form a mixture A.

[0039] Weighing fish meal, corn starch, second-grade flour, composite minerals, and aquatic composite premix according to the above mass percentages and mixing them in sequence to form a mixture B;

[0040] S2, add mixed material A and mixed material B into the mixer and mix them. After mixing, add 1×10 6 ~10 7 cfu lactic acid bacteria, 0.2 mg berberine, 0.05-0.2 g / kg eucommia bark, and 10-15 mg sulforaphane are added into a mixer and stirred evenly to prepare a mixed feed;

[0041] S3. The obtained mixed feed is made into granules with a particle size of 2 to 4 mm by a granulator, and then dehydrated and cooled by a cold air blower and dried to make the moisture content of the granules not exceed 10%, thereby obtaining Yellow River carp feed.

[0042] The moisture content of the particles is expressed as a mass percentage based on the air-dried sample.

[0043] Yellow River carp with an initial weight of 11.5±0.5g were selected as the test fish. Based on the indoor research, after acclimation for 7 days, they were randomly divided into 12 aquariums and set into 3 groups, with 4 replicates in each group and 30 fish in each replicate. They were fed with a basal diet (conventional feed) as the control group and an experimental diet (example formula) as the experimental group. The daily feed weight was 3-5% of the fish body weight.

[0044] The formula of conventional feed is: 0.5kg fish meal, 2.6kg soybean meal, 1.5kg cottonseed meal, 1kg peanut meal, 0.5kg rapeseed meal, 0.4kg soybean oil, 0.2kg fish oil, 0.8kg wheat bran, 2.08kg second-grade flour, 0.1kg monocalcium phosphate, 0.1kg premix, 0.02kg salt, 1.12kg water. The total energy is 16.8MJ / kg, crude protein is 29%, and crude fat is 7%.

[0045] The breeding experiment lasted for 8 weeks. After the breeding experiment, the experimental fish were starved for 24 hours, and the growth of the experimental fish was measured. The blood and liver of 6 fish were randomly collected to measure the relevant physiological and biochemical indicators. The experimental data are shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. a and b in each embodiment of the present invention indicate the significance of the difference between different groups.

[0046] Table 1 Effects on the growth performance of indoor cultured Yellow River carp

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] Table 2 Effects on blood parameters of indoor cultured Yellow River carp

[0050] feed Total cholesterol Triglycerides Low-density lipoprotein High-density lipoprotein Control group <![CDATA[0.35±0.01 b ]]> <![CDATA[1.76±0.01 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.15±0.01 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.02±0.01 b ]]> Experimental Group <![CDATA[0.16±0.001 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.56±0.02 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.07±0.01 b ]]> <![CDATA[0.09±0.01 b ]]>

[0051] Table 3 Effects on immune indexes of indoor cultured Yellow River carp

[0052] feed Lysozyme Immunoglobulins Complement C3 Complement C4 Control group <![CDATA[81.3±6.1 b ]]> <![CDATA[2.01±0.44 a ]]> <![CDATA[15.07±1.60 b ]]> <![CDATA[14.03±1.23 b ]]> Experimental Group <![CDATA[110.1±5.2 a ]]> <![CDATA[3.96±0.34 a ]]> <![CDATA[21.05±0.2 a ]]> <![CDATA[20.31±2.39 a ]]>

[0053] Table 4 Effects on antioxidant indexes of indoor cultured Yellow River carp

[0054]

[0055] The results show that the formula feed of the present invention improves the growth performance of Yellow River carp, reduces the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood of Yellow River carp, enhances the activity of immune indicators and antioxidant indicators in the serum of Yellow River carp, and improves the health status of Yellow River carp.

[0056] The liver tissues of Yellow River carp fed in the experimental group and the control group were tested. Figure 1 As shown, CV: central vein; HS: hepatic sinusoid; N: nucleus; RBC: red blood cell; V: vacuolization. It can be seen that hepatocyte swelling, nuclear disappearance and hepatocyte vacuolization were observed in the hepatocytes of fish in the control group, accompanied by dilation of the hepatic sinusoidal system; however, the liver pathological damage caused by the liver damage in the experimental group was significantly alleviated.

[0057] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp and its preparation method, which can significantly improve the growth performance and survival rate of Yellow River carp, reduce the feed coefficient and blood lipid content, inhibit the formation of fatty liver, and is completely feasible in production; at the same time, it can enhance the immunity of Yellow River carp, shorten the breeding cycle, reduce breeding costs, and ultimately improve economic benefits. Compared with existing compound feeds, the feed is nutritionally balanced, is conducive to the full digestion and absorption of Yellow River carp, and improves the utilization rate of feed.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp, characterized in that: Including the following ingredients: Fish meal, fermented soybean meal, cricket meal, fly maggot meal, fermented rapeseed meal, corn gluten meal, corn starch, rice bran, second flour, soybean oil, peony seed oil, fish oil, complex minerals, salt, aquatic composite premixes and additives; The additives are lactic acid bacteria, berberine, eucommia bark and sulforaphane.

2. A feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials are in the following proportions by mass percentage: Fish meal 6-12%, fermented soybean meal 10-18%, cricket meal 6-10%, fly maggot meal 10-20%, fermented rapeseed meal 5-10%, corn gluten meal 5-8%, corn starch 8-10%, rice bran 5-8%, second-grade flour 12-16%, soybean oil 0.5-2%, peony seed oil 1-2%, fish oil 1-2%, complex minerals 1%, salt 0.1-0.5%, aquatic composite premix 1%.

3. A feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp according to claim 1, characterized in that: The additive ratio is measured per kilogram of feed, wherein the lactic acid bacteria are 1×10 6 ~10 7 cfu / kg, berberine 0.2mg / kg, eucommia ulmoides 0.05~0.2g / kg, sulforaphane 10mg / Kg.

4. A method for preparing a feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Fermented soybean meal, fermented rapeseed meal, cricket powder, fly maggot powder and rice bran are crushed and mixed in proportion to obtain a mixture A; fish meal, corn gluten meal, corn starch, second-grade flour, composite minerals and aquatic composite premix are mixed in proportion to obtain a mixture B; S2, adding mixed material A and mixed material B into a mixer for mixing and stirring, and adding additives in corresponding proportions after mixing to obtain a mixed feed; S3. The obtained mixed feed is made into granules with a particle size of 2 to 4 mm by using a granulator, and the granules are dehydrated by using a cold air blower, cooled and dried to obtain Yellow River carp feed.

5. The method for preparing a feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S1, the particle size after crushing is such that all particles can pass through a 40-mesh sieve, and the mixing time is 10 to 20 minutes.

6. The method for preparing a feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S2, the additive is weighed according to the addition ratio described in claim 3, mixed with the corn protein powder, and then added into the mixer.

7. The method for preparing a feed for improving fatty liver of Yellow River carp according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S3, the moisture content of the particles after dehydration, cooling and drying is less than 10%.

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