Laser head gas circuit structure capable of improving cutting quality

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser head gas circuit structure capable of improving cutting quality. The laser head gas circuit structure comprises a laser, a laser channel, a focusing mechanism, a gas supply unit and a nozzle device. Wherein a laser channel is vertically arranged in the middle of the laser device, a focusing mechanism is horizontally installed in the laser device and located in the laser channel, a nozzle device is vertically installed below the laser device, and a first air channel and a second air channel which are independent are arranged in the nozzle device. The first gas channel and the second gas channel spray protective gas to the laser cutting points from the corresponding gas blowing points at the same time. A gas supply unit is arranged between the laser and the nozzle device and is used for conveying protective gas to a first gas channel and a second gas channel in the nozzle device; the spraying direction of the first air channel right faces the cutting focus position of the laser. And the spraying direction of the second air channel is the peripheral position of the circumference of the cutting focus of the laser.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cutting equipment, and in particular is a laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality. Background Art

[0002] Laser cutting uses a high-power density focused laser beam to scan the surface of the material, heating the material to thousands or even tens of thousands of degrees Celsius in a very short time, causing the material to melt or vaporize instantly, while using a shielding gas to isolate the metal in the cutting area from oxygen contact, and help blow away the molten metal impurities generated during the cutting process, so as to achieve the purpose of cutting the material; in the prior art, most laser heads use a nozzle structure with a very small aperture at one end of the internal airway, so that the shielding gas can pass directly, and the shielding gas flow directly enters the internal airway of the laser head through the ventilation joint, and finally flows out from the nozzle to assist the laser in cutting. This can easily lead to uneven distribution of the airflow in the cutting area, resulting in uneven quality of the cutting edge, leading to burrs, slag and other phenomena, affecting the cutting accuracy; at the same time, since the shielding gas is prone to turbulence inside, the airflow is not stable enough, and the ejection cooling effect is not ideal, resulting in a large heat-affected zone, and the cutting edge may be discolored or deformed.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a laser head gas path structure that improves cutting quality to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality, comprising: a laser, a laser channel, a focusing mechanism, an air supply unit and a nozzle device; wherein the laser channel is vertically arranged in the middle of the laser, the focusing mechanism is horizontally installed in the laser channel in the laser, the nozzle device is vertically installed below the laser, and the nozzle device is provided with an independent first air channel and a second air channel, and the first air channel and the second air channel respectively spray protective gas to the laser cutting point from the corresponding blowing points at the same time; an air supply unit is installed between the laser and the nozzle device, and the air supply unit is used to transport protective gas to the first air channel and the second air channel in the nozzle device;

[0005] The jetting direction of the first gas channel is directly facing the cutting focus position of the laser;

[0006] The jetting direction of the second gas channel is the peripheral position of the cutting focus circle of the laser.

[0007] Further, as a preference, the air supply unit comprises an inner shaft cylinder, which is coaxially fixed in the laser, and an annular sleeve is arranged outside the inner shaft cylinder, and the annular sleeve and the inner shaft cylinder are sealed and matched to form an annular airflow cavity; a protective tube is detachably mounted on the laser, and the protective tube is coaxially mounted outside the annular sleeve;

[0008] An air supply device is provided outside the laser, one end of which is connected to the air flow cavity through an air guide tube, the lower end surface of the ring sleeve is in sealing contact with the nozzle device, and a first air hole and a second air hole are vertically opened in the ring sleeve, the first air hole is connected to the first air channel of the nozzle device, and the second air hole is connected to the second air channel of the nozzle device.

[0009] Further, preferably, the first pores and the second pores are multiple and arranged in an arc shape, and the aperture of the first pore is larger than the aperture of the second pore, so that the protective gas flow in the first air channel is always larger than the protective gas flow in the second air channel.

[0010] Further, preferably, the nozzle device comprises:

[0011] A tube is sleeved outside the laser, and two vertically arranged outer convex edges are symmetrically fixed on the outer wall of the tube;

[0012] A sleeve is rotatably sleeved outside the barrel, the inner wall of the sleeve is in sealing contact with each of the outer convex edges, and the first air channel and the second air channel are distributed on the left and right sides through the outer convex edges;

[0013] A plurality of fixing rings are arranged vertically, each of which is sleeved outside the bobbin;

[0014] A guide block is circumferentially distributed on the side wall of the fixing ring, and one end surface of the guide block is in sealing contact with the sleeve;

[0015] Slip rings are arranged one by one corresponding to the fixed rings and are rotatably sleeved outside the barrel. The slip rings and the fixed rings are alternately distributed, and the outer walls of the slip rings are provided with connecting blocks corresponding to the guide blocks. The connecting blocks on each of the slip rings are connected and fixed to the barrel. A motor drive unit is arranged outside the laser, and the output end of the motor drive unit is connected and driven with the barrel through gear meshing.

[0016] A nozzle is connected below the barrel.

[0017] Further, as a preference, the connecting block on the slip ring can be distributed on the same vertical line or staggered with the guide block during the rotation adjustment of the slip ring;

[0018] When the connection block and the guide block at the first air passage are distributed in the same vertical line, the connection block and the guide block at the second air passage are distributed in a staggered manner.

[0019] Further, as a preference, a cavity is provided inside the connecting block, and two diverter plates are symmetrically arranged in the cavity, and the diverter plates are vertically slidably connected in the connecting block, and a spring is arranged in the cavity between the diverter plates; when the connecting block and the guide block are in the same vertical line, the diverter plates are retracted in the cavity.

[0020] Further, as a preference, a gas guide seat is coaxially fixed on the nozzle, an inner channel and an outer channel connected to the first gas channel and the second gas channel are provided in the gas guide seat, a conical nozzle is fixed in the laser, a seal between the conical nozzle and the nozzle forms a gas guide chamber, one end of the inner channel is connected to the gas guide chamber, so that the protective gas is ejected through the annular channel below the gas guide chamber.

[0021] Further, as a preference, the nozzle is sealed and matched with the air guide seat, and an inner ring groove is provided at the upper end of the nozzle, and the outer channel is connected with the inner ring groove;

[0022] A plurality of slots are distributed in the nozzle, and the upper end of each slot is connected with the inner annular groove. The lower end of the nozzle is provided with perforations, and the perforations are connected with the slots in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0023] Furthermore, preferably, each of the perforations is arranged at an angle and faces a tangential direction to the periphery of the cutting focus circle.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The nozzle device used in the laser in the present invention has two air channels, which are independent first and second air channels. The first air channel can spray protective gas directly at the cutting focus position of the laser, which can more effectively prevent oxidation and avoid burrs and slag on the cutting edge; the second air channel can spray obliquely along the tangential direction of the outer periphery of the cutting focus circle through multiple perforations to form an airflow barrier surrounding the cutting area and having a vortex effect, which can effectively blow away molten metal impurities, make the airflow more concentrated and effective, and improve the cutting quality; in particular, the protective gases in the first and second air channels can achieve a rectifying effect through the cooperation of the guide block and the connecting block in the nozzle device, reduce the instability of the airflow, avoid airflow fluctuations as much as possible, further improve the cutting quality, and can be adjusted in real time according to the specific characteristics of the cutting material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first airway and the second airway in the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure enlargement in the middle;

[0029] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first pore and the second pore in the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the nozzle device in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing ring and the guide block in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the slip ring and the connecting block in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the connecting block in the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the nozzle in the present invention;

[0035] In the figure: 1. laser; 11. laser channel; 12. focusing mechanism; 13. inner shaft tube; 2. air supply unit; 21. ring sleeve; 22. protective tube; 23. air supply device; 24. first air hole; 25. second air hole; 3. nozzle device; 31. first air channel; 32. second air channel; 33. tube; 34. outer convex edge; 35. sleeve; 36. fixing ring; 37. guide block; 38. slip ring; 39. connecting block; 391. diverter plate; 4. spring; 5. nozzle; 51. inner ring groove; 52. gap channel; 53. perforation; 6. air guide seat; 61. inner channel; 62. outer channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] See also Figure 1-Figure 9 In an embodiment of the present invention, a laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality includes: a laser 1, a laser channel 11, a focusing mechanism 12, an air supply unit 2 and a nozzle device 3; wherein the laser channel 11 is vertically arranged in the middle of the laser 1, a focusing mechanism 12 is horizontally installed in the laser channel 11 in the laser 1, a nozzle device 3 is vertically installed below the laser 1, and an independent first air channel 31 and a second air channel 32 are arranged in the nozzle device 3, and the first air channel 31 and the second air channel 32 respectively spray protective gas to the laser cutting point from the corresponding blowing points at the same time; an air supply unit 2 is installed between the laser 1 and the nozzle device 3, and the air supply unit 2 is used to transport protective gas (usually an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, which can prevent the metal in the cutting area from contacting with oxygen in the air, thereby avoiding oxidation of the metal) to the first air channel 31 and the second air channel 32 in the nozzle device 3; the protective gas can help blow away the molten metal and impurities generated during the cutting process to keep the cutting area clean;

[0037] The jet direction of the first gas channel 31 is directly facing the cutting focus position of the laser 1; on the one hand, it can more effectively prevent oxidation and reduce burrs and slag on the cutting edge; on the other hand, it can effectively cool the cutting area and reduce the heat-affected zone, while blowing away part of the molten metal and impurities to keep the cutting area clean;

[0038] The spray direction of the second air channel 32 is the peripheral position of the cutting focus circle of the laser 1; it can form an airflow barrier surrounding the cutting area and having a vortex effect at the periphery of the cutting focus circle, more effectively blowing away molten metal and impurities, and reducing slag and burrs.

[0039] In this embodiment, the air supply unit 2 includes an inner shaft cylinder 13, which is coaxially fixed in the laser 1. The inner shaft cylinder 13 is provided with a ring sleeve 21, and the ring sleeve 21 and the inner shaft cylinder 13 are sealed and matched to form an annular airflow cavity; a protective tube 22 is detachably installed on the laser 1, and the protective tube 22 is coaxially installed outside the ring sleeve 21;

[0040] The laser 1 is provided with an air supply device 23 outside, one end of the air supply device 23 is connected with the air flow cavity through an air guide tube, the lower end surface of the ring sleeve 21 is in sealing contact with the nozzle device 3, and a first air hole 24 and a second air hole 25 are vertically opened in the ring sleeve 21, the first air hole 24 is connected with the first air channel 31 of the nozzle device 3, and the second air hole 25 is connected with the second air channel 32 of the nozzle device 3, that is to say, after the protective gas enters the air flow cavity through the air supply device 23, it can simultaneously pass through multiple first air holes 24 and second air holes 25 to enter the first air channel 31 and the second air channel 32 accordingly, forming two different flow paths.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the first air holes 24 and the second air holes 25 are both arranged in an arc shape, and the aperture of the first air holes 24 is larger than the aperture of the second air holes 25, so that the flow rate of the protective gas in the first air channel 31 is always larger than the flow rate of the protective gas in the second air channel 32, that is, the gas flux of the protective gas sprayed at the cutting focus position is larger than the gas flux of the protective gas sprayed around its circumference.

[0042] In this embodiment, the nozzle device 3 includes:

[0043] The tube 33 is sleeved outside the laser 1, and two vertically arranged outer convex edges 34 are symmetrically fixed on the outer wall of the tube 33;

[0044] The sleeve 35 is rotatably sleeved outside the barrel 33, the inner wall of the sleeve 35 is in sealing contact with each of the outer convex edges 34, and the first air channel 31 and the second air channel 32 are distributed on the left and right sides through the outer convex edges 34;

[0045] A plurality of fixing rings 36 are arranged vertically, and each fixing ring 26 is sleeved outside the tube 33;

[0046] A guide block 37 is circumferentially distributed on the side wall of the fixing ring 36, and one end surface of the guide block 37 is in sealing contact with the sleeve 35;

[0047] Slip rings 38 are arranged one by one corresponding to the fixed rings 36 and are rotatably sleeved outside the barrel 33. The slip rings 38 and the fixed rings 36 are alternately distributed, and the outer walls of the slip rings 38 are provided with connecting blocks 39 corresponding to the guide blocks 37. The connecting blocks 39 on each of the slip rings 38 are connected and fixed to the sleeve 35 (the fixing method can be gluing or riveting, etc.); a motor drive unit (not shown in the figure) is arranged outside the laser 1, and the output end of the motor drive unit is connected and driven with the sleeve 35 through gear meshing;

[0048] The nozzle 5 is connected below the barrel 33 .

[0049] In this embodiment, the connecting block 39 on the slip ring 38 can be distributed on the same vertical line or staggered with the guide block 37 during the rotation adjustment of the slip ring 38; therefore, when the guide block 37 and the connecting block 39 are distributed in a straight line, the shielding gas directly flows vertically downward, and the flow is faster, which can generate a stronger airflow to blow away the slag and achieve a centralized slag removal effect; when the guide block 37 and the connecting block 39 are staggered, the shielding gas can achieve a rectification distribution effect, forming a more uniform and stable airflow, reducing airflow fluctuations, and improving the stability and consistency of the cutting process;

[0050] When the connecting block 39 and the guide block 37 at the first gas channel 31 are arranged in the same vertical line, the connecting block 39 and the guide block 37 at the second gas channel 32 are staggered, that is, the gas path system can be specifically adjusted according to the cutting process, material characteristics, etc. For example, in high-precision cutting, the guide block 37 and the connecting block 39 are staggered, and the corresponding shielding gas in the first gas channel can achieve a rectifying effect, improve the gas flow stability, and at this time, the shielding gas can be evenly sprayed at the cutting focus position; while the shielding gas in the second gas channel directly flows vertically with a certain flow rate, thereby forming an airflow barrier with a vortex effect, which can quickly blow away the slag;

[0051] For high-speed cutting or cutting of thicker materials, the guide block 37 and the connecting block 39 are distributed vertically, and the corresponding shielding gas in the first air channel can achieve a fast flow effect. The shielding gas in the first air channel is hindered by the rectification effect and the flow volume is smaller, almost zero. The shielding gas is almost completely ejected from the first air channel. At this time, the cooling effect in cutting is stronger and the slag removal effect is significant.

[0052] In this embodiment, a cavity is provided inside the connecting block 39, and two diverter plates 391 are symmetrically arranged in the cavity. The diverter plates 391 are vertically slidably connected in the connecting block 39, and a spring 4 is provided between the diverter plates 391 in the cavity; when the connecting block 39 and the guide block 37 are in the same vertical line, the diverter plates 391 are retracted in the cavity, and during the rectification of the protective gas, the diverter plates 391 can guide the protective gas to both sides to improve the rectification effect.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment, a gas guide seat 6 is coaxially fixed on the nozzle 5, and an inner channel 61 and an outer channel 62 connected to the first gas channel 31 and the second gas channel 32 are provided in the gas guide seat 6. A conical nozzle 51 is fixed in the laser 1, and a gas guide chamber is formed by a seal between the conical nozzle 51 and the nozzle 5. One end of the inner channel 61 is connected to the gas guide chamber, so that the protective gas is ejected through the annular channel below the gas guide chamber.

[0054] In this embodiment, the nozzle 5 is sealed with the air guide seat 6, and an inner ring groove 51 is formed at the upper end of the nozzle 5, and the outer channel 62 is connected with the inner ring groove 51;

[0055] A plurality of slots 52 are distributed in the nozzle 5 , and the upper end of each slot 52 is connected to the inner annular groove 51 . A perforation 53 is provided at the lower end of the nozzle 5 , and the perforation 53 is connected to the slots 52 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0056] In this embodiment, each of the perforations 53 is arranged at an angle and faces the tangential direction of the outer periphery of the cutting focus circle, so as to form an airflow barrier surrounding the cutting area and having a vortex effect, so as to better discharge the slag to the outside.

[0057] What is described above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality, characterized in that: The invention comprises: a laser (1), a laser channel (11), a focusing mechanism (12), an air supply unit (2) and a nozzle device (3); wherein the laser channel (11) is vertically arranged in the middle of the laser (1), the focusing mechanism (12) is horizontally installed in the laser channel (11) in the laser (1), the nozzle device (3) is vertically installed below the laser (1), the nozzle device (3) is provided with an independent first air channel (31) and a second air channel (32), the first air channel (31) and the second air channel (32) respectively spray protective gas to the laser cutting point from corresponding blowing points at the same time; the air supply unit (2) is installed between the laser (1) and the nozzle device (3), the air supply unit (2) is used to transport protective gas to the first air channel (31) and the second air channel (32) in the nozzle device (3); The jetting direction of the first air channel (31) is directly opposite to the cutting focus position of the laser (1); The spraying direction of the second air channel (32) is the peripheral position of the cutting focus circle of the laser (1).

2. According to claim 1, a laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality is characterized by: The air supply unit (2) comprises an inner shaft cylinder (13) which is coaxially fixed in the laser (1); an annular sleeve (21) is disposed on the outer surface of the inner shaft cylinder (13); the annular sleeve (21) and the inner shaft cylinder (13) are sealed and matched to form an annular airflow cavity; a protective tube (22) is detachably mounted on the laser (1); the protective tube (22) is coaxially mounted outside the annular sleeve (21); The laser (1) is provided with an air supply device (23) outside, one end of the air supply device (23) is connected to the air flow cavity through an air guide tube, the lower end surface of the ring sleeve (21) is in sealing contact with the nozzle device (3), and a first air hole (24) and a second air hole (25) are vertically opened in the ring sleeve (21), the first air hole (24) is connected to a first air channel (31) of the nozzle device (3), and the second air hole (25) is connected to a second air channel (32) of the nozzle device (3).

3. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first air holes (24) and the second air holes (25) are both multiple and arranged in an arc shape, and the aperture of the first air holes (24) is larger than the aperture of the second air holes (25), so that the protective gas flow rate in the first air channel (31) is always larger than the protective gas flow rate in the second air channel (32).

4. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle device (3) comprises: A tube (33) is sleeved outside the laser (1), and two vertically arranged outer convex edges (34) are symmetrically fixed on the outer wall of the tube (33); A sleeve (35) is rotatably sleeved outside the barrel (33), the inner wall of the sleeve (35) is in sealing contact with each of the outer convex edges (34), and the first air channel (31) and the second air channel (32) are distributed on the left and right sides through the outer convex edges (34); A plurality of fixing rings (36) are arranged vertically, and each fixing ring (26) is sleeved outside the bobbin (33); A guide block (37) is circumferentially distributed on the side wall of the fixing ring (36), and one end surface of the guide block (37) is in sealing contact with the sleeve (35); Slip rings (38) are arranged one by one corresponding to the fixed rings (36) and are rotatably sleeved outside the barrel (33). The slip rings (38) and the fixed rings (36) are alternately distributed, and a connecting block (39) corresponding to the guide block (37) is arranged on the outer wall of the slip ring (38). The connecting block (39) on each of the slip rings (38) is connected and fixed to the sleeve (35). A motor drive unit is arranged outside the laser (1), and the output end of the motor drive unit is connected and driven with the sleeve (35) through gear meshing. The nozzle (5) is connected below the barrel (33).

5. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting block (39) on the slip ring (38) can be distributed on the same vertical line or staggered with the guide block (37) during the rotation adjustment of the slip ring (38); When the connection block (39) and the guide block (37) at the first air passage (31) are arranged in the same vertical line, the connection block (39) and the guide block (37) at the second air passage (32) are arranged in a staggered manner.

6. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 4, characterized in that: A cavity is provided inside the connection block (39), and two diverter plates (391) are symmetrically arranged in the cavity. The diverter plates (391) are vertically slidably connected in the connection block (39), and a spring (4) is arranged between the diverter plates (391) in the cavity; when the connection block (39) and the guide block (37) are in the same vertical line, the diverter plates (391) are retracted in the cavity.

7. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 4, characterized in that: A gas guide seat (6) is coaxially fixed on the nozzle (5), and an inner hole (61) and an outer hole (62) connected to the first gas channel (31) and the second gas channel (32) are provided in the gas guide seat (6). A conical nozzle (51) is fixed in the laser (1), and a gas guide chamber is formed by a seal between the conical nozzle (51) and the nozzle (5). One end of the inner hole (61) is connected to the gas guide chamber, so that the protective gas is ejected through the annular hole below the gas guide chamber.

8. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 7, characterized in that: The nozzle (5) is sealed with the air guide seat (6), and an inner ring groove (51) is provided at the upper end of the nozzle (5), and the outer channel (62) is connected with the inner ring groove (51); A plurality of slots (52) are distributed inside the nozzle (5), the upper end of each slot (52) is connected to the inner annular groove (51), and a perforation (53) is provided at the lower end of the nozzle (5), and the perforation (53) is connected to the slots (52) in a one-to-one correspondence.

9. The laser head gas path structure for improving cutting quality according to claim 8, characterized in that: Each of the perforations (53) is arranged in an inclined manner and faces a tangential direction to the periphery of the cutting focus circle.

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