Coal-containing wastewater treatment process based on microorganisms in activated sludge

Abstract

The invention provides a coal-containing wastewater treatment process based on microorganisms in activated sludge. The coal-containing wastewater treatment process comprises the following steps: S1, coal-containing wastewater pretreatment: removing pollutants in wastewater by adopting wastewater precipitation and coagulating sedimentation; s2, activated sludge treatment: decomposing and converting organic pollutants in the sewage by utilizing the metabolic capability of microbiota in the activated sludge; s3, regular monitoring: in the process of the sewage treatment system, acquiring biological phase data in the activated sludge and actual operation data of the treatment system; and S4, adjusting the control system: judging whether the biological phase data in the activated sludge is abnormal or not, and if so, adjusting the actual operation data of the treatment system in time. According to the method, the aeration time and the aeration rate in the sewage treatment process are accurately controlled by utilizing the particle swarm optimization, the dissolved oxygen content in the sewage is kept in a proper range, unnecessary aeration operation is avoided, the metabolic requirements of aerobic microorganisms are met, the overall operation cost is reduced, and the stability and the reliability of the whole sewage treatment system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and in particular to a process for treating coal-containing wastewater based on microorganisms in activated sludge. Background Art

[0002] As environmental regulations become increasingly stringent, companies are required to strictly purify all types of wastewater, especially for industries that consume huge amounts of water resources, such as steel, printing and dyeing, chemicals, and electricity, which require them to conduct in-depth treatment of wastewater to achieve resource reuse. In thermal power plants, coal-containing wastewater has become a problem that needs to be solved urgently.

[0003] In the biological treatment process of coal-containing wastewater or other types of sewage using activated sludge microbial treatment technology, it is often difficult to accurately determine the optimal aeration time and aeration volume due to the complexity and uncertainty of multiple factors. This uncertainty leads to the insignificant effect of sewage treatment, which may manifest as unstable effluent quality, low treatment efficiency and increased energy consumption. Therefore, how to accurately control aeration parameters to achieve the best sewage treatment effect has become a technical problem that needs to be solved in the current sewage treatment field.

[0004] The present invention provides a coal-containing wastewater treatment process based on microorganisms in activated sludge, which solves the above-mentioned problem that the optimal aeration time and aeration amount cannot be determined, resulting in an insignificant sewage treatment effect. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a coal-containing wastewater treatment process based on microorganisms in activated sludge, which is used to solve the defects in the prior art that the optimal aeration time and aeration amount cannot be determined and the sewage treatment effect is not obvious.

[0006] The present invention provides a coal-containing wastewater treatment process based on microorganisms in activated sludge, comprising:

[0007] S1: Pretreatment of coal-containing wastewater: using wastewater sedimentation and coagulation sedimentation to remove pollutants in wastewater;

[0008] S2: Activated sludge treatment: The metabolic capacity of the microbial community in the activated sludge is used to decompose and transform the organic pollutants in the sewage in the aeration tank. During the decomposition process, the particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the aeration process to determine the optimal aeration time and aeration volume;

[0009] S3: Regular monitoring: During the sewage treatment system, obtain the biological phase data in the activated sludge and the actual operation data of the treatment system;

[0010] S4: Adjust the control system: determine whether the biological phase data in the activated sludge is abnormal. If so, adjust the actual operation data of the treatment system to the preset data range in time.

[0011] According to a coal-containing wastewater treatment process based on microorganisms in activated sludge provided by the present invention, the activated sludge treatment comprises:

[0012] S21: Activated sludge cultivation and domestication: Cultivate and domesticate activated sludge adapted to the coal-containing wastewater treatment environment, and gradually inject coal-containing wastewater into the system according to the preset concentration and load;

[0013] S22: Activated sludge treatment: The pre-treated coal-containing wastewater and the activated sludge after acclimation are sent to the aeration tank;

[0014] S23: Biodegradation: Use the microorganisms in the activated sludge to degrade the organic matter in the coal-containing wastewater into inorganic matter, and synthesize the intermediate metabolites in the decomposition process into new cytoplasmic components, so that the microorganisms themselves can grow and reproduce;

[0015] S24: Secondary sedimentation and sludge return: In the secondary sedimentation tank, sludge and water are separated, and the activated sludge with good sedimentation performance sinks to the bottom of the tank to form return sludge. The return sludge is sent back to the aeration tank through the sludge return system to maintain the microbial concentration in the system;

[0016] S25: Residual sludge treatment: Regularly discharge the residual sludge from the system, and concentrate, dehydrate, dry and incinerate the residual sludge.

[0017] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a coal-containing wastewater treatment process based on microorganisms in activated sludge, and the aeration process is optimized by using a particle swarm algorithm. The specific process of determining the optimal aeration time and aeration amount is as follows:

[0018] S231: Inertial random boundary control: Preliminary definition of the boundary condition formula for the combination of aeration time and aeration volume.

[0019] Determine the change direction of the combination of solution i in the d-dimensional search space. The formula is expressed as:

[0020]

[0021] Where w is the inertia weight, v id represents the direction of change of the combination of solution i in the d-dimensional search space, x id represents the aeration time and aeration volume combination of solution i in the d-dimensional search space, pbest i represents the individual extreme aeration time and aeration volume combination of solution i, gbest represents the global extreme aeration time and aeration volume combination of the entire group, c1 and c2 are learning factors, r1 and r2 are random numbers between [0,1];

[0022] The aeration time and aeration volume combination of the candidate solution for solution i at the k+1th iteration is calculated as follows:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, It represents the aeration time and aeration volume combination of the candidate solution corresponding to solution i at the kth iteration, It represents the direction of movement of solution i at the k+1th iteration.

[0025] The combined change direction, aeration time and aeration volume combined boundary condition formula of solution i in the k+1th iteration is expressed as:

[0026]

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, v id represents the direction of change of the combination of solution i in the d-dimensional search space, x id Represents the aeration time and aeration volume combination of solution i in the d-th dimension search space.

[0029] S232: Boundary-guided iterative optimization, aeration time and aeration volume combination under boundary conditions.

[0030] When performing the kth iteration, before updating the aeration time and aeration volume combination of solution i, determine the change direction v of the current combination i Combined with the current aeration time and aeration volume x i Whether it exceeds the change direction range of the given combination, if so, replace the change direction of the current combination with the boundary value of the change direction of the combination.

[0031] The individual and global aeration time and aeration volume combination are updated, and the formula is expressed as:

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, the result obtained by function f represents the fitness function value.

[0034] S233: The specific steps of using particle swarm algorithm to determine the optimal aeration time and aeration volume are:

[0035] A: Input solution population size N, solution search space dimension D, number of iterations K, inertia weight w, learning factors c1, c2, combination change direction boundary v max 、v min , aeration time and aeration volume combination boundary x max 、x min And other required parameters;

[0036] B: Randomly initialize the aeration time and aeration volume combination of each solution and the direction of change of the combination, update the initial individual, global optimal aeration time and aeration volume combination, individual and global fitness values;

[0037] C: After entering the iteration loop, update the change direction of each solution combination and determine whether the change direction of the combination is out of bounds. If it is out of bounds, change the change direction value of the combination to the change direction value of the boundary combination. Similarly, update and determine the aeration time and aeration volume combination;

[0038] D: Calculate the fitness value according to the fitness function;

[0039] E: Update the combination of individual and global optimal fitness values, aeration time and aeration volume through judgment conditions;

[0040] F: Update parameters such as the number of iterations and inertia weight.

[0041] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a process for treating coal-containing wastewater based on microorganisms in activated sludge, and the specific steps of treating excess sludge are:

[0042] S251: Sludge thickening: The sludge is sent to the flotation thickening tank, and air is pressed into the tank to make the suspended solids float up. The floating sludge is discharged at the top of the tank to form concentrated sludge, and the wastewater is discharged from the bottom of the tank;

[0043] S252: Sludge dehydration: Use a porous filter medium to filter out the water in the sludge to obtain a dry sludge filter cake;

[0044] S253: Sludge drying: Use a centrifugal dehydrator to squeeze out the free water in the sludge through physical pressure;

[0045] S254: Sludge incineration: Heating the sludge causes the organic matter in the sludge to undergo oxidation and decomposition reactions, completely eliminating the organic matter and combustible substances in the sludge.

[0046] The present invention provides a coal-containing wastewater treatment process based on microorganisms in activated sludge. The present invention uses a particle swarm algorithm to optimize the aeration link in the sewage treatment process, accurately controls the aeration time and aeration volume, and needs to comprehensively consider the types and concentration changes of pollutants in the sewage, the growth cycle of microorganisms and metabolic needs and other factors. The appropriate aeration time can ensure that the microorganisms have sufficient time to react in the process of decomposing organic pollutants, while avoiding excessive aeration time that leads to energy waste and unnecessary operation of equipment. As for the determination of the aeration volume, it is necessary to carry out fine regulation under the premise of ensuring sufficient oxygen supply to the microorganisms. Insufficient aeration will affect the activity of microorganisms and reduce the sewage treatment effect; while excessive aeration will not only increase energy consumption, but may also cause excessive wear on the aeration equipment and shorten its service life.

[0047] By precisely controlling the aeration time and volume, the dissolved oxygen content in the sewage can be kept within an appropriate range, avoiding unnecessary aeration operations, thereby reducing energy consumption and meeting the metabolic needs of aerobic microorganisms. On the basis of ensuring that the microbial community obtains sufficient oxygen and maintains its normal metabolic activities, unnecessary energy consumption is effectively reduced. Reasonable aeration volume control can also reduce the workload of aeration equipment and the mechanical wear of aeration equipment, thereby extending the service life of the equipment and reducing the overall operating costs, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire sewage treatment system, and ultimately achieving a significant improvement in sewage treatment effects, providing a strong guarantee for environmental protection and the sustainable use of water resources, and achieving a dual improvement in environmental and economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0049] Figure 1 It is a step diagram of a coal-containing wastewater treatment process based on microorganisms in activated sludge provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 The present invention provides a flowchart of a coal-containing wastewater treatment process based on microorganisms in activated sludge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, a coal-containing wastewater treatment process based on microorganisms in activated sludge mainly includes the following steps:

[0053] S1: Pretreatment of coal-containing wastewater: remove pollutants such as suspended matter, larger coal powder particles, and colloidal substances in the wastewater to initially improve its water quality and create favorable conditions for subsequent deep treatment or standard discharge.

[0054] S11: Wastewater sedimentation: Use filter screens and other filtering equipment to conduct preliminary treatment of coal-containing wastewater to remove larger coal powder particles, suspended matter and other impurities, thereby reducing the burden on subsequent treatment steps.

[0055] S12: Coagulation and sedimentation: Add an appropriate amount of coagulant to the wastewater to aggregate the tiny particles and colloidal substances in the wastewater into larger flocs, which are then settled by gravity to further remove suspended matter and colloidal substances in the wastewater.

[0056] S2: Activated sludge treatment: The metabolic capacity of the microbial community in the activated sludge is used to decompose and transform the organic pollutants in the sewage in the aeration tank. During the decomposition process, the particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the aeration process to determine the optimal aeration time and aeration volume.

[0057] S21: Activated sludge cultivation and domestication:

[0058] Before the treatment system is started, it is necessary to cultivate and domesticate activated sludge that is adapted to the coal-containing wastewater treatment environment. Coal-containing wastewater is injected into the system to gradually increase the concentration and load of the wastewater. The microorganisms gradually adapt to and degrade the organic matter in the wastewater. During the domestication process, the growth of the sludge and the treatment effect need to be closely monitored to ensure that the sludge can adapt to the requirements of wastewater treatment.

[0059] S22: Activated sludge treatment:

[0060] The pre-treated coal-containing wastewater and the returned activated sludge are sent to the aeration tank. In the aeration tank, air is added to the mixed liquid through the aeration equipment to provide sufficient oxygen for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. At the same time, aeration can also make the sewage and activated sludge fully mixed and contacted, improving the dissolved oxygen treatment effect.

[0061] S23: Biodegradation: In the aeration tank, the microorganisms in the activated sludge will use oxygen to degrade the organic matter in the wastewater into inorganic matter, such as carbon dioxide, water, ammonia nitrogen, etc. In this process, the microorganisms will use the energy released during the catabolism process to synthesize the intermediate metabolites in the catabolism process into new cytoplasmic components, so that the microorganisms themselves can grow and reproduce.

[0062] The sludge produced during the degradation process (including microbial residues and undegraded organic matter) flows into the secondary sedimentation tank together with the wastewater.

[0063] This embodiment uses a particle swarm algorithm to optimize the aeration process, determine the optimal aeration time and aeration volume, and improve the sewage treatment effect.

[0064] S231: Inertial random boundary control: Preliminary definition of the boundary condition formula for the combination of aeration time and aeration volume.

[0065] In the particle swarm algorithm, the number of solutions is first set. Assuming that there are N solutions in total, the information of solution i is represented by a D-dimensional vector, where the aeration time and aeration volume combination x of solution i is i It can be expressed as x=(x i1 ,x i2 ,…,x iD ) T , the direction of change of the combination v i It can be expressed as v = (v i1 ,v i2 ,…,v iD ) T The individual extreme aeration time and aeration volume combination can be expressed as pbest i =(pbest1,pbest2,…,pbest N ) T The global extreme aeration time and aeration volume combination of the group can be expressed as gbest. The change direction of the combination of solution i in the k+1th iteration, the aeration time and aeration volume combination update formula are recorded as:

[0066]

[0067] Where w is the inertia weight, which makes the solution maintain the inertia of motion and reflects the degree of inheritance of the change direction of the original combination. id Indicates the direction of change of the combination of solution i in the d-dimensional search space. id pbest represents the aeration time and aeration volume combination of solution i in the d-dimensional search space. i represents the individual extreme aeration time and aeration volume combination of solution i. gbest represents the global extreme aeration time and aeration volume combination of the entire group. c1 and c2 are learning factors, and r1 and r2 are random numbers between [0,1].

[0068]

[0069] The first part is the aeration time and aeration volume combination x corresponding to the candidate solution of solution i during the kth iteration. id The second part determines the adjustment of the aeration time and aeration volume combination of solution i when it performs the k+1th iteration, that is, the movement direction of solution i. The two parts influence each other and finally determine the aeration time and aeration volume combination of the candidate solution at the k+1th iteration.

[0070] The combined change direction, aeration time and aeration volume combined boundary condition formula of solution i in the k+1th iteration is recorded as:

[0071]

[0072] S232: Boundary-guided iterative optimization, aeration time and aeration volume combination under boundary conditions.

[0073] The change direction of the combination of solution i and the range of the aeration time and aeration volume combination are set manually according to the actual situation during initialization. When performing the kth iteration, before updating the aeration time and aeration volume combination of solution i, it is necessary to first determine the change direction v of the current combination i Whether it exceeds the given combination change direction range. If it exceeds the given range, the change direction of the current combination is replaced by the boundary value of the combination change direction. i The same is true for the judgment of . Avoiding solutions from jumping out of the search range is crucial to the quality of the solution during the search process, because crossing the boundary may cause the quality of candidate solutions to decline, and ultimately it is difficult to obtain the optimal solution during the optimization process. Therefore, the use of boundary condition processing can improve the search ability and efficiency of the solution and effectively avoid the population divergence caused by the solution crossing the boundary.

[0074] The combined update formula of individual and global aeration time and aeration volume is recorded as:

[0075]

[0076] The result obtained by function f represents the fitness function value. According to f, the individual extreme value pbest in the solution group is updated i The global extreme value gbest can guide the solution group to iteratively optimize in a better direction. The maximum number of iterations is set as the termination condition.

[0077] S233: The main steps of the particle swarm algorithm are described as follows:

[0078] A: Input solution population size N, solution search space dimension D, number of iterations K, inertia weight w, learning factors c1, c2, combination change direction boundary v max 、v min , aeration time and aeration volume combination boundary x max 、x min And other required parameters.

[0079] B: Randomly initialize the aeration time and aeration volume combination of each solution and the direction of change of the combination, update the initial individual, global optimal aeration time and aeration volume combination, individual and global fitness values.

[0080] C: After entering the iteration loop, update the change direction of each solution combination and determine whether the change direction of the combination is out of bounds. If it is out of bounds, change the change direction value of the combination to the change direction value of the boundary combination. Similarly, update and determine the aeration time and aeration volume combination.

[0081] D: Calculate the fitness value based on the fitness function.

[0082] E: Update the individual, global optimal fitness value, aeration time and aeration volume combination through judgment conditions.

[0083] F: Update parameters such as the number of iterations and inertia weight.

[0084] S24: Secondary sedimentation and sludge return:

[0085] In the secondary sedimentation tank, sludge is separated from water. The activated sludge with good settling performance sinks to the bottom of the tank to form return sludge, which is sent back to the aeration tank through the sludge return system to maintain the microbial concentration in the system. The supernatant (i.e. purified water) is discharged from the secondary sedimentation tank to meet the discharge standards.

[0086] S25: Residual sludge treatment: Residual sludge needs to be discharged from the system regularly to prevent excessive sludge from causing system blockage or reduced treatment effect. Residual sludge contains high levels of organic matter and microbial residues and requires further treatment. The treatment methods for residual sludge include concentration, dehydration, drying and incineration.

[0087] S251: Sludge thickening: The sludge is sent to the flotation thickening tank, and air is pressed into the tank to make the suspended solids float up. The floating sludge is discharged at the top of the tank to form concentrated sludge, while the wastewater is discharged from the bottom of the tank. The purpose is to reduce the volume of sludge for subsequent treatment.

[0088] S252: Sludge dehydration: Dehydration is a step to further remove moisture from sludge. The remaining sludge is poured into a sedimentation tank, and porous materials such as filter cloth and filter screen are used as filter media to filter out the moisture in the sludge to form a dry sludge filter cake. This further reduces the water content of the sludge. It helps to reduce the water content of the sludge and facilitates transportation and disposal.

[0089] S253: Sludge drying: Drying is to further remove moisture from the sludge on the basis of dehydration. A centrifugal dehydrator is used to squeeze out the free water in the sludge through physical pressure to make the sludge reach a higher moisture content requirement, and further remove the bound water in the sludge to make the sludge reach the required degree of dryness.

[0090] S254: Sludge incineration: Using a high temperature environment of 1000℃ to cause the organic matter in the sludge to undergo oxidation and decomposition reaction, completely eliminating the organic matter and combustible substances in the sludge. This can reduce the amount of sludge and make it harmless, reduce energy consumption and pollutant emissions during the incineration process, and the heat generated during the incineration process can also be recycled for power generation or heating.

[0091] S3: Regular monitoring: During the operation of the sewage treatment system, it is necessary to closely observe the biological phase in the activated sludge in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the actual operation of the treatment system. The biological phase includes the size of the sludge flocs, and its size changes may reflect changes in the pH value in the system. The shape of the sludge flocs, different shapes are often related to the growth state of microorganisms and environmental factors. There is also the compactness of the sludge flocs, and the difference in compactness will have an important impact on the sedimentation performance of the sludge. In addition, the biological phase also involves the types and quantities of microorganisms. Different types of microorganisms play their own unique roles in the system, and the increase or decrease in their number can also intuitively reflect whether the operation of the treatment system is normal. By carefully observing these characteristics and changes in the biological phase, abnormal conditions that may occur in the treatment system can be discovered in a timely manner.

[0092] S4: Adjust the control system: During the operation of the sewage treatment system, after obtaining the biological phase data in the activated sludge and discovering abnormal conditions, it is necessary to promptly and accurately adjust the control factors of the treatment system, such as the sludge return ratio. This factor is related to the recycling efficiency of the activated sludge in the system and has a key impact on the concentration and treatment effect of the sludge. The discharge of residual sludge, reasonable control of its discharge can maintain the activity and stability of the sludge in the system. In this way, it is ensured that the treatment effect stably meets the requirements of relevant standards. Only by scientifically and reasonably adjusting these control factors can the treatment system always remain in a good operating state, effectively remove pollutants in sewage, achieve purification and sustainable utilization of water resources, and ensure the health and safety of the ecological environment.

[0093] The present invention provides a coal-containing wastewater treatment process based on microorganisms in activated sludge. The present invention uses a particle swarm algorithm to optimize the aeration link in the sewage treatment process, accurately controls the aeration time and aeration volume, and needs to comprehensively consider the types and concentration changes of pollutants in sewage, the growth cycle of microorganisms and metabolic needs and other factors. The appropriate aeration time can ensure that the microorganisms have sufficient time to react in the process of decomposing organic pollutants, while avoiding excessive aeration to cause energy waste and unnecessary operation of equipment. As for the determination of the aeration volume, it is necessary to carry out fine regulation under the premise of ensuring sufficient oxygen supply to the microorganisms. Insufficient aeration will affect the activity of microorganisms and reduce the sewage treatment effect. Excessive aeration will not only increase energy consumption, but may also cause excessive wear on the aeration equipment and shorten its service life.

[0094] By precisely controlling the aeration time and volume, the dissolved oxygen content in the sewage can be kept within an appropriate range, avoiding unnecessary aeration operations, thereby reducing energy consumption and meeting the metabolic needs of aerobic microorganisms. On the basis of ensuring that the microbial community obtains sufficient oxygen and maintains its normal metabolic activities, unnecessary energy consumption is effectively reduced. Reasonable aeration volume control can also reduce the workload of aeration equipment and the mechanical wear of aeration equipment, thereby extending the service life of the equipment and reducing the overall operating costs, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire sewage treatment system, and ultimately achieving a significant improvement in sewage treatment effects, providing a strong guarantee for environmental protection and the sustainable use of water resources, and achieving a dual improvement in environmental and economic benefits.

[0095] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A process for treating coal-containing wastewater based on microorganisms in activated sludge, characterized in that: include: S1: Pretreatment of coal-containing wastewater: using wastewater sedimentation and coagulation sedimentation to remove pollutants in wastewater; S2: Activated sludge treatment: The metabolic capacity of the microbial community in the activated sludge is used to decompose and transform the organic pollutants in the sewage in the aeration tank. During the decomposition process, the particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the aeration process to determine the optimal aeration time and aeration volume; S3: Regular monitoring: During the sewage treatment system, obtain the biological phase data in the activated sludge and the actual operation data of the treatment system; S4: Adjust the control system: determine whether the biological phase data in the activated sludge is abnormal. If so, adjust the actual operation data of the treatment system to the preset data range in time.

2. A process for treating coal-containing wastewater based on microorganisms in activated sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the pretreatment of coal-containing wastewater includes: S11: Wastewater sedimentation: Use filtering equipment to preliminarily treat the coal-containing wastewater to remove large particles of impurities in the wastewater; S12: Coagulation and sedimentation: Use coagulants to aggregate tiny particles and colloidal substances in the wastewater into large flocs, and use filtering equipment to filter and remove the large flocs in the wastewater.

3. A process for treating coal-containing wastewater based on microorganisms in activated sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the activated sludge treatment comprises: S21: Activated sludge cultivation and domestication: Cultivate and domesticate activated sludge adapted to the coal-containing wastewater treatment environment, and gradually inject coal-containing wastewater into the system according to the preset concentration and load; S22: Activated sludge treatment: The pre-treated coal-containing wastewater and the activated sludge after acclimation are sent to the aeration tank; S23: Biodegradation: Use the microorganisms in the activated sludge to degrade the organic matter in the coal-containing wastewater into inorganic matter, and synthesize the intermediate metabolites in the decomposition process into new cytoplasmic components, so that the microorganisms themselves can grow and reproduce; S24: Secondary sedimentation and sludge return: In the secondary sedimentation tank, sludge and water are separated, and the activated sludge with good sedimentation performance sinks to the bottom of the tank to form return sludge. The return sludge is sent back to the aeration tank through the sludge return system to maintain the microbial concentration in the system; S25: Residual sludge treatment: Regularly discharge the residual sludge from the system, and concentrate, dehydrate, dry and incinerate the residual sludge.

4. A process for treating coal-containing wastewater based on microorganisms in activated sludge according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S23, the particle swarm algorithm is used to optimize the aeration process during the biodegradation process to determine the optimal aeration time and aeration volume. The specific process is as follows: S231: Inertial random boundary control: Preliminary definition of the boundary condition formula for the combination of aeration time and aeration volume; S232: Boundary-guided iterative optimization: combination of aeration time and aeration volume under boundary conditions; S233: Use particle swarm algorithm to determine the optimal aeration time and aeration amount.

5. A process for treating coal-containing wastewater based on microorganisms in activated sludge according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S231, the inertial random boundary control includes: Determine the change direction of the combination of solution i in the d-dimensional search space. The formula is expressed as: Where w is the inertia weight, v id represents the direction of change of the combination of solution i in the d-dimensional search space, x id represents the aeration time and aeration volume combination of solution i in the d-dimensional search space, pbest i represents the individual extreme aeration time and aeration volume combination of solution i, gbest represents the global extreme aeration time and aeration volume combination of the entire group, c1 and c2 are learning factors, r1 and r2 are random numbers between [0,1]; The aeration time and aeration volume combination of the candidate solution for solution i at the k+1th iteration is calculated as follows: In the formula, It represents the aeration time and aeration volume combination of the candidate solution corresponding to solution i at the kth iteration, It represents the direction of movement of solution i at the k+1th iteration.

6. A process for treating coal-containing wastewater based on microorganisms in activated sludge according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S231, the inertial random boundary control further includes: The combined change direction, aeration time and aeration volume combined boundary condition formula of solution i in the k+1th iteration is expressed as: In the formula, v id represents the direction of change of the combination of solution i in the d-dimensional search space, x id Represents the aeration time and aeration volume combination of solution i in the d-th dimension search space.

7. A process for treating coal-containing wastewater based on microorganisms in activated sludge according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S232, the boundary-guided iterative optimization includes: When performing the kth iteration, before updating the aeration time and aeration volume combination of solution i, determine the change direction v of the current combination i Combined with the current aeration time and aeration volume x i Whether it exceeds the change direction range of the given combination, if so, replace the change direction of the current combination with the boundary value of the change direction of the combination; The individual and global aeration time and aeration volume combination are updated, and the formula is expressed as: In the formula, the result obtained by function f represents the fitness function value.

8. The process for treating coal-containing wastewater based on microorganisms in activated sludge according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S233, the specific steps of using the particle swarm algorithm to determine the optimal aeration time and aeration amount are as follows: A: Input solution population size N, solution search space dimension D, number of iterations K, inertia weight w, learning factors c1, c2, combination change direction boundary v max 、v min , aeration time and aeration volume combination boundary x max 、x min Required parameters; B: Randomly initialize the aeration time and aeration volume combination of each solution and the direction of change of the combination, update the initial individual, global optimal aeration time and aeration volume combination, individual and global fitness values; C: After entering the iteration loop, update the change direction of each solution combination and determine whether the change direction of the combination is out of bounds; if it is out of bounds, change the change direction value of the combination to the change direction value of the boundary combination, and similarly update and determine the aeration time and aeration volume combination; D: Calculate the fitness value according to the fitness function; E: Update the combination of individual and global optimal fitness values, aeration time and aeration volume through judgment conditions; F: Update the number of iterations and inertia weight.

9. A process for treating coal-containing wastewater based on microorganisms in activated sludge according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S25, the specific steps of excess sludge treatment are: S251: Sludge thickening: The sludge is sent to the flotation thickening tank, and air is pressed into the tank to make the suspended solids float up. The floating sludge is discharged at the top of the tank to form concentrated sludge, and the wastewater is discharged from the bottom of the tank; S252: Sludge dehydration: Use a porous filter medium to filter out the water in the sludge to obtain a dry sludge filter cake; S253: Sludge drying: Use a centrifugal dehydrator to squeeze out the free water in the sludge through physical pressure; S254: Sludge incineration: Heating the sludge causes the organic matter in the sludge to undergo oxidation and decomposition reactions, completely eliminating the organic matter and combustible substances in the sludge.

10. The process for treating coal-containing wastewater based on microorganisms in activated sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the biological phase includes the size of the sludge flocs, the shape of the sludge flocs, and the compactness of the sludge flocs.

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