Preparation method and application of solid organic reducing agent

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hazardous waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a solid organic reducing agent. The preparation method of the solid organic reducing agent comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing a liquid reactant matrix with an organic matter as a main component; adding the organic hazardous wastes into the constructed liquid reactant matrix, and reacting to obtain a mixed product; and finally, cooling the mixed product to prepare powder to obtain the solid organic reducing agent. The solid organic reducing agent can be used as a reducing agent component in composite energetic materials such as explosives, gunpowder and fireworks, and can also be used as a fuel in combustion equipment. The method has the technical effects that organic hazardous wastes in different states can be converted into solid combustible powder, the energy density and the combustion speed of the solid combustible powder can be remarkably improved, the treatment process is short, the cost is low, no three wastes are generated, and the universality is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of hazardous waste resource utilization, and specifically relates to a preparation method and application of a solid organic reducing agent. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of industry, many chemical, pharmaceutical, printing and dyeing industries produce a large amount of hazardous waste containing organic components in the production process, such as discarded organic solvents, oily sludge, expired organic chemicals, etc. These organic hazardous wastes often have dangerous characteristics such as toxicity, corrosiveness, flammability, reactivity, etc. If improperly disposed, they will cause serious pollution to the ecological environment such as soil, water, and atmosphere, and may also threaten the health and life safety of surrounding residents. From a resource perspective, these organic hazardous wastes contain many recyclable and reusable components. For example, some organic solvents can be put into production again after purification and other treatments, and some organic compounds can be converted into valuable chemical raw materials or energy products through specific technologies. However, in the process of resource utilization of organic hazardous wastes, due to the complex composition of organic hazardous wastes and the large differences in the characteristics of wastes from different sources, it is difficult for existing resource utilization technologies to achieve universal treatment, and often requires targeted research and development or adjustment of technical processes, which increases technical difficulty and cost. The market recognition and sales of resource-based products are limited. The quality and performance of some recycled products are different from those of original products, which are at a disadvantage in market competition, restricting the development of the resource utilization industry.

[0003] The present invention uses organic hazardous waste as raw materials and a liquid reactant matrix with organic matter as the main component as a carrier. Through complex chemical reactions, organic hazardous waste in different phases is uniformly converted into solid powder to obtain a solid organic reducing agent that can be used for energetic materials or fuel for combustion equipment. It can be used as a reducing agent and multiple components such as an oxidant to form composite energetic materials such as explosives and fireworks; it can be used as a reducing agent and components such as coal powder to form fuel for combustion equipment. The present invention can make high-value-added products while rendering harmful substances in organic hazardous waste harmless, realize resource recovery and recycling, reduce environmental burden, reduce processing costs, increase economic benefits, and effectively solve the problem that existing resource utilization technologies are difficult to achieve universal processing. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method and application of a solid organic reducing agent to solve the problem that organic hazardous waste resource utilization technology is difficult to universally apply.

[0005] In one aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a solid organic reducing agent, comprising:

[0006] (1) heating and melting a low-melting-point organic substance that is solid at room temperature to form a liquid state or adding a hydroxide to an alcohol that is liquid at room temperature to obtain a liquid reactant matrix;

[0007] (2) mixing the organic hazardous waste with the liquid reactant matrix obtained in step (1) and reacting the mixture to obtain a mixed product;

[0008] (3) The mixed product obtained in step (2) is cooled and powdered to obtain a solid organic reducing agent.

[0009] In step (1), on the one hand, solid low-melting-point organic matter at room temperature, such as sugars or low-melting-point explosive organic compounds, can change from solid to liquid and then to solid as the temperature changes. Its molten state is used as a liquid reactant matrix. After adding organic hazardous waste, the two are mixed and reacted to generate a multi-component mixed product, which is finally in a solid state at room temperature. On the other hand, a mixture of certain alcohols and strong alkaline metal hydroxides at room temperature is used as a liquid reactant matrix. After adding organic hazardous waste and stirring and mixing, a complex chemical reaction will occur, releasing heat to increase the temperature of the entire system, and finally a solid mixed reaction product is obtained. The state of organic hazardous waste can be solid, liquid or solid-liquid mixed.

[0010] In some specific embodiments, in step (1), the organic hazardous waste is one or more of polychlorinated biphenyl waste, medical waste, pesticide waste, distillation residue, distillation residue, dye and coating waste, organophosphorus compound waste, organic cyanide waste, ether-containing waste, organic halide waste, and phenol-containing waste.

[0011] In some specific embodiments, in step (1), the carbohydrate is monosaccharide and / or disaccharide, and further, is white sugar.

[0012] In some specific embodiments, in step (1), the alcohol is one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and pentanol.

[0013] In some specific embodiments, in step (1), the hydroxide is a strongly alkaline metal hydroxide; further, it is solid sodium hydroxide.

[0014] In some specific embodiments, in step (1), the low melting point explosive is one or more of nitroglycerin, trinitrotoluene, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, dinitronaphthalene, and 1-hydroxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene.

[0015] In some specific embodiments, in step (2), the temperature of the liquid reactant matrix is ​​less than 340° C., the atmosphere is air atmosphere or inert atmosphere, and the mixed product is a solid combustible.

[0016] On the other hand, the present application also provides the use of the above-synthesized solid organic reducing agent as a reducing agent component of a composite energetic material, such as a combustible in gunpowder, explosives, and fireworks, or as a fuel for a combustion device.

[0017] Beneficial Effects of the Invention

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the liquid reactant matrix with organic matter as the main component of the present invention can react with a variety of organic hazardous wastes, significantly improve the energy density, burning rate and instantaneous temperature of low calorific value organic hazardous wastes, and make high value-added solid mixed products while harmlessly rendering harmful substances in organic hazardous wastes harmless. Explosives, gunpowder and fireworks agents using the solid mixed products as reducing agents have good detonation performance, and organic matter is completely decomposed during the detonation process. Therefore, the present invention has universal applicability to the treatment of different types of organic hazardous wastes, has a short treatment process, low cost, no three wastes are generated, and significant economic benefits, and has good application prospects in the field of resource utilization of organic hazardous wastes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 The XRD diffraction pattern of the solid organic reducing agent in Example 1.

[0020] Figure 2 The unit cell structure diagram of some substances in the solid organic reducing agent in Example 1.

[0021] Figure 3 Photo of the solid organic reducing agent in Example 2.

[0022] Figure 4 Photo of the deflagration of the composite energetic material in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] In this embodiment, the solid organic reducing agent is prepared by using the molten liquid of sugar as the liquid reactant matrix, and the steps are as follows:

[0026] (1) taking 80 parts of white sugar and heating it to 195 degrees Celsius in an air atmosphere to obtain a molten white sugar liquid;

[0027] (2) adding 20 parts of liquid chemical pesticide distillation residues and organic hazardous waste into the molten sugar liquid and stirring for 5 minutes to allow the mixture to react evenly and obtain a liquid mixed product;

[0028] (3) cooling the liquid mixed reaction product to room temperature to obtain a solid mixed product;

[0029] (4) crushing the solid mixed reaction product into a solid mixed product powder having a particle size of less than 200 mesh;

[0030] (5) Drying the solid mixed reaction product powder in a drying oven at 105 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to obtain a solid organic reducing agent.

[0031] The application of the solid organic reducing agent is to use the solid organic reducing agent obtained in step (5) as a reducing agent for the composite energetic material. The materials are mixed in the following proportion to obtain a gunpowder material with good performance: 15% by weight of silver-aluminum alloy, 45% by weight of potassium chlorate, and 40% by weight of the solid organic reducing agent.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] In this embodiment, liquid ethanol and sodium hydroxide are used as liquid reactant matrices to prepare a solid organic reducing agent, and the steps are as follows:

[0034] (1) Place 100 parts of anhydrous ethanol into a reactor at room temperature;

[0035] (2) taking another 200 parts of sodium hydroxide powder and adding it into a reactor containing 100 parts of anhydrous ethanol;

[0036] (3) Taking another 100 parts of liquid chemical pesticide distillation residue organic hazardous waste, adding them into the reactor and stirring them to make the solid and liquid substances in the reactor evenly mixed, and then standing for 2 hours until the substances in the reactor solidify into a solid state, thereby obtaining a solid mixed product;

[0037] (4) taking out the solid mixed product in the reactor and crushing it into a solid mixed reaction product powder having a particle size of less than 200 mesh;

[0038] (5) drying the solid mixed reaction product powder in a drying oven at 105 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to obtain a solid organic reducing agent;

[0039] The application of the solid organic reducing agent is to use the solid organic reducing agent obtained in step (5) as the reducing agent component of the explosive. The materials are mixed according to the following ratio to obtain an explosive material with good performance: 15% by weight of silver-aluminum alloy, 5% by weight of magnesium powder, 45% by weight of potassium chlorate, and 35% by weight of the solid organic reducing agent.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] In this embodiment, a solid organic reducing agent is prepared using liquid ethanol and sodium hydroxide as liquid reactant matrices and using molten sugar as liquid reactant matrices, respectively. The specific steps are as follows:

[0042] (1) Take 100 parts of anhydrous ethanol and put it into a reactor at room temperature;

[0043] (2) 100 parts of liquid chemical pesticide distillation residues and organic hazardous waste were added to a reactor containing 100 parts of anhydrous ethanol;

[0044] (3) adding 200 parts of sodium hydroxide powder into a reactor and stirring to evenly mix the solid and liquid substances in the reactor, and then standing for 2 hours until the substances in the reactor solidify into a solid state to obtain a solid mixed reaction product;

[0045] (4) taking out the solid mixed reaction product in the reactor and crushing it into a solid mixed reaction product powder having a particle size of less than 200 mesh;

[0046] (5) taking 80 parts of white sugar and heating it to 195 degrees Celsius in an air atmosphere to obtain a molten white sugar liquid;

[0047] (6) adding 10 parts of liquid chemical pesticide distillation residue organic hazardous waste and 10 parts of the solid mixed reaction product powder 1 obtained in step (4) into the molten liquid of sugar and stirring for 5 minutes to mix them evenly to obtain a liquid mixed reaction product;

[0048] (7) cooling the liquid mixed reaction product to room temperature to obtain a solid mixed reaction product;

[0049] (8) crushing the solid mixed reaction product into a solid mixed reaction product powder having a particle size of less than 200 mesh;

[0050] (9) drying the solid mixed reaction product powder in a drying oven at 105 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to obtain a solid organic reducing agent;

[0051] The application of the solid organic reducing agent is to use the solid organic reducing agent obtained in step (9) as the reducing agent component of the composite energetic material. The materials are mixed in the following proportions to obtain a fireworks agent material with good performance: 15% by weight of silver-aluminum alloy, 5% by weight of magnesium powder, 45% by weight of potassium perchlorate, and 35% by weight of the solid organic reducing agent.

[0052] Example 4

[0053] In this embodiment, solid distillation residue organic hazardous waste is used as raw material and molten sugar liquid is used as liquid reactant matrix to prepare solid organic reducing agent. The specific steps are as follows:

[0054] (1) taking 80 parts of white sugar and heating it to 195 degrees Celsius in an air atmosphere to obtain a molten white sugar liquid;

[0055] (2) taking 20 parts of solid distillation residue organic hazardous waste and crushing them into powder with a particle size of less than 1 micron, and then adding the powder into the molten sugar liquid and stirring for 5 minutes to mix them evenly to obtain a liquid mixed reaction product;

[0056] (3) cooling the liquid mixed reaction product to room temperature to obtain a solid mixed reaction product;

[0057] (4) crushing the solid mixed reaction product into a solid mixed reaction product powder having a particle size of less than 200 mesh;

[0058] (5) drying the solid mixed reaction product powder in a drying oven at 105 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to obtain a dry solid organic reducing agent;

[0059] The application of the solid organic reducing agent is to use the solid organic reducing agent obtained in step (5) as the reducing agent component of the explosive. The materials are mixed according to the following ratio to obtain an explosive material with good performance: 15% by weight of silver-aluminum alloy, 5% by weight of magnesium powder, 45% by weight of potassium chlorate, and 35% by weight of the solid organic reducing agent.

[0060] Example 5

[0061] In this embodiment, solid distillation residue organic hazardous waste is used as raw material, and liquid ethanol and sodium hydroxide are used as liquid reactant matrix to prepare solid organic reducing agent, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0062] (1) Take 100 parts of anhydrous ethanol and put it into a reactor at room temperature;

[0063] (2) taking another 100 parts of solid distillation residue organic hazardous waste and adding them into the reactor containing 100 parts of anhydrous ethanol;

[0064] (3) taking another 150 parts of sodium hydroxide powder, adding it into the reactor and stirring it to mix the solid and liquid substances in the reactor evenly, and then standing it for 2 hours until the substances in the reactor solidify into a solid state, thereby obtaining a solid mixed reaction product;

[0065] (4) taking out the solid mixed reaction product in the reactor and crushing it into a solid mixed reaction product powder having a particle size of less than 200 mesh;

[0066] (5) drying the solid mixed reaction product powder in a drying oven at 105 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to obtain a solid organic reducing agent;

[0067] The application of the solid organic reducing agent is to use the solid organic reducing agent obtained in step (5) as the reducing agent component of the explosive. The materials are mixed according to the following ratio to obtain an explosive material with good performance: 15% by weight of silver-aluminum alloy, 5% by weight of magnesium powder, 45% by weight of potassium chlorate, and 35% by weight of the solid organic reducing agent.

[0068] Example 6

[0069] In this embodiment, liquid chemical pesticide distillation residue organic hazardous waste is used as raw material, liquid ethanol and sodium hydroxide are used as liquid reactant matrix, and molten liquid of sugar is used as liquid reactant matrix to prepare solid organic reducing agent, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0070] (1) Take 100 parts of anhydrous ethanol and put it into a reactor at room temperature;

[0071] (2) Take 50 parts of liquid chemical pesticide distillation residue organic hazardous waste and 50 parts of solid distillation residue organic hazardous waste and add them into a reactor containing 100 parts of anhydrous ethanol;

[0072] (3) adding 100 parts of sodium hydroxide powder into a reactor and stirring to evenly mix the solid and liquid substances in the reactor, and then standing for 2 hours until the substances in the reactor solidify into a solid state to obtain a solid mixed reaction product;

[0073] (4) taking out the solid mixed reaction product in the reactor and crushing it to produce a solid mixed reaction product powder 1 having a particle size of less than 200 mesh;

[0074] (5) taking 80 parts of white sugar and heating it to 195 degrees Celsius in an air atmosphere to obtain a molten white sugar liquid;

[0075] (6) adding 10 parts of liquid chemical pesticide distillation residue organic hazardous waste and 10 parts of the solid mixed reaction product powder 1 obtained in step (4) into the molten sugar liquid and stirring for 5 minutes to mix them evenly to obtain a liquid mixed reaction product;

[0076] (7) cooling the liquid mixed reaction product obtained in step (6) to room temperature to obtain a solid mixed reaction product;

[0077] (8) crushing the solid mixed reaction product obtained in step (7) to prepare a solid mixed reaction product powder 2 having a particle size of less than 200 mesh;

[0078] (9) drying the solid mixed reaction product powder 2 in a drying oven at 105 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to obtain a solid organic reducing agent;

[0079] The application of the solid organic reducing agent is to use the solid organic reducing agent obtained in step (9) as the reducing agent component of the explosive. The materials are mixed according to the following ratio to obtain an explosive material with good performance: 15% by weight of silver-aluminum alloy, 5% by weight of magnesium powder, 45% by weight of potassium chlorate, and 35% by weight of the solid organic reducing agent.

[0080] Example 7

[0081] In this embodiment, waste organic phosphorus compounds are used as raw materials and molten sugar liquid is used as liquid reactant matrix to prepare a solid organic reducing agent. The specific steps are as follows:

[0082] (1) taking 80 parts of white sugar and heating it to 195 degrees Celsius in an air atmosphere to obtain a molten white sugar liquid;

[0083] (2) 16 parts of organic phosphorus compound waste and 4 parts of carbon powder are mixed at high speed and crushed into powder with a particle size of less than 1 micron, and then added into molten sugar liquid and stirred for 5 minutes to mix them evenly to obtain a liquid mixed reaction product;

[0084] (3) cooling the liquid mixed reaction product to room temperature to obtain a solid mixed reaction product;

[0085] (4) crushing the solid mixed reaction product into a solid mixed reaction product powder having a particle size of less than 200 mesh;

[0086] (5) drying the solid mixed reaction product powder in a drying oven at 105 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to obtain a solid organic reducing agent;

[0087] The application of the solid organic reducing agent is to use the solid organic reducing agent obtained in step (5) as the reducing agent component of the gunpowder. The materials are mixed according to the following ratio to obtain a gunpowder material with good performance: 15% by weight of carbon powder, 5% by weight of sulfur, 45% by weight of potassium nitrate, and 35% by weight of the solid organic reducing agent.

[0088] Example 8

[0089] In this embodiment, solid distillation residue organic hazardous waste is used as raw material, and liquid ethanol and sodium hydroxide are used as liquid reactant matrix to prepare solid organic reducing agent, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0090] (1) Take 100 parts of anhydrous ethanol and put it into a reactor at room temperature;

[0091] (2) taking another 100 parts of solid distillation residue organic hazardous waste and adding them into the reactor containing 100 parts of anhydrous ethanol;

[0092] (3) taking another 150 parts of sodium hydroxide powder, adding it into the reactor and stirring it to mix the solid and liquid substances in the reactor evenly, and then standing it for 2 hours until the substances in the reactor solidify into a solid state, thereby obtaining a solid mixed reaction product;

[0093] (4) taking out the solid mixed reaction product in the reactor and crushing it into a solid mixed reaction product powder having a particle size of less than 200 mesh;

[0094] (5) drying the solid mixed reaction product powder in a drying oven at 105 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to obtain a solid organic reducing agent;

[0095] The application of the solid organic reducing agent is to use the solid organic reducing agent obtained in step (5) as a combustible material, and to mix the materials in the following proportion to obtain the fuel for the pulverized coal burner: 75% by weight of pulverized coal and 25% by weight of the solid organic reducing agent.

[0096] The above embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. For those skilled in the art, other different forms of changes or equivalent substitutions can be made based on the above descriptions. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the implementation methods here, so the obvious changes or equivalent substitutions derived are still within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a solid organic reducing agent, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) heating and melting a low-melting-point organic substance that is solid at room temperature to form a liquid state or adding a hydroxide to an alcohol that is liquid at room temperature to obtain a liquid reactant matrix; (2) mixing the organic hazardous waste with the liquid reactant matrix obtained in step (1) and reacting the mixture to obtain a mixed product; (3) The mixed product obtained in step (2) is cooled and powdered to obtain a solid organic reducing agent.

2. The method for preparing a solid organic reducing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the low melting point organic matter which is solid at room temperature contains sugars or low melting point explosives.

3. The method for preparing a solid organic reducing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the organic hazardous waste is in a solid, liquid or solid-liquid mixed state, and is one or more of polychlorinated biphenyl waste, pharmaceutical waste, pesticide waste, distillation residue, distillation residue, dye and coating waste, organophosphorus compound waste, organic cyanide waste, ether-containing waste, organic halide-containing waste, and phenol-containing waste.

4. The method for preparing a solid organic reducing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the sugar is a monosaccharide and / or a disaccharide.

5. The method for preparing a solid organic reducing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the alcohol is one or more of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and pentanol.

6. The method for preparing a solid organic reducing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the hydroxide is a strongly alkaline metal hydroxide.

7. The method for preparing a solid organic reducing agent according to claim 2, characterized in that: The low melting point explosive is one or more of nitroglycerin, trinitrotoluene, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, dinitronaphthalene and 1-hydroxy-2,4-dinitrobenzene.

8. The method for preparing a solid organic reducing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the temperature of the liquid reactant matrix is ​​less than 340° C., and the atmosphere is air atmosphere or inert atmosphere.

9. The method for preparing a solid organic reducing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the mixed product is a combustible material.

10. Use of the solid organic reducing agent according to any one of claims 1 to 9 as a reducing agent component of a composite energetic material or as a fuel for a combustion device, wherein the composite energetic material comprises gunpowder, explosive, or pyrotechnic agent.

Images