Energy multi-stage utilization hydrocarbon coupling system and method based on solar energy

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy multi-stage utilization hydrocarbon coupling system and method based on solar energy, a solar power generation module and a photo-thermal module input solar energy, the solar power generation module is connected with an energy storage module, a hydrocarbon coupling unit and an external power grid, the energy storage module is connected with the hydrocarbon coupling unit, and the photo-thermal module is connected with the hydrocarbon coupling unit; the solar power generation module is used for receiving solar energy, converting the solar energy into electric power and inputting the electric power into the energy storage module, the hydrocarbon coupling unit and an external power grid; the photo-thermal module is used for receiving solar energy, converting the solar energy into heat and inputting the heat into the hydrocarbon coupling unit; the hydrocarbon coupling unit is used for receiving the electric power input by the solar power generation module and the energy storage module and the heat input by the photo-thermal module, performing hydrocarbon coupling on the industrial waste gas flue gas containing CO2 to generate hydrogen and carbon-containing products and outputting the hydrogen and the carbon-containing products; and the energy storage module is used for receiving the electric power transmitted by the solar power generation module for energy storage and inputting the electric power into the hydrocarbon coupling unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical engineering, and in particular relates to a solar energy-based multi-stage energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system and method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of global industry, the global carbon emission level has increased rapidly since the Industrial Revolution, leading to a series of climate crises. Thanks to the rapid development of renewable energy utilization such as wind and solar energy and emerging technologies such as hydrogen energy and energy storage, the energy system has undergone profound changes, greatly broadening the means for mankind to cope with the carbon emission crisis. At the same time, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology has received widespread attention. Compared with carbon capture and storage technology, the development of carbon utilization technology is still relatively lagging due to energy sources, technical maturity and other reasons.

[0003] As a clean and renewable form of energy, renewable energy is an important cornerstone of the new power system. The extensive development and efficient use of renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy can significantly reduce dependence on fossil energy, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and contribute to addressing climate change. At the same time, with the advancement of technology and the reduction of costs, the competitiveness of renewable energy is increasing, and it is gradually becoming the main force in energy supply. Hydrogen energy, as a high-energy-density, clean and carbon-free secondary energy, plays an important role in energy transformation. Through renewable energy hydrogen production technologies such as water electrolysis, green production of hydrogen energy can be achieved, providing clean energy solutions for transportation, industry and other fields. In addition, hydrogen energy also has the advantage of energy storage, which can solve the intermittent problem of renewable energy and improve the flexibility and reliability of the energy system. Energy storage technology is the key to achieving energy supply and demand balance and improving energy utilization efficiency. With the rapid development of energy storage technologies such as lithium-ion batteries and flow batteries, as well as the improvement of traditional energy storage methods such as pumped storage and compressed air energy storage, energy storage systems are gradually being integrated into new power systems, providing strong support for peak and frequency regulation, emergency standby, etc. of power systems. The development of carbon utilization technology is of great significance to achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. Through technical means such as carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), carbon dioxide emitted by industry can be captured and converted into valuable chemicals or fuels, thereby realizing the resource utilization of carbon dioxide.

[0004] However, with the development of renewable energy, the development and application of carbon utilization technology will gradually become possible. For example, the technology of using photovoltaic power generation to produce hydrogen by electrolysis of water coupled with carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrogenation to produce methanol has made important progress, and a thousand-ton demonstration project has been successfully built and operated. At the same time, low-temperature electrochemical carbon dioxide conversion technology has the characteristics of strong reaction controllability and mild reaction conditions, and has received widespread attention and research, and is about to be on the eve of large-scale application. Research and development of a comprehensive energy utilization system that complements renewable energy, hydrogen energy, energy storage and carbon utilization is the key to achieving the goal of building a new power system. This system will promote the complementary advantages and coordinated development of various energy forms, improve the overall efficiency and flexibility of the energy system, promote the revolution in energy production and consumption, and lay a solid foundation for building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system.

[0005] Currently, the carbon-hydrogen coupling system has not yet formed a commercial case. In the demonstration projects, photovoltaic power generation or grid electricity is mainly used as the input source. The technical route of renewable energy hydrogen production + carbon dioxide hydrogenation is mostly used to achieve the output of a single product. The application scenarios are relatively single, and the system stability and the level of solar energy utilization need to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of poor stability of the carbon-hydrogen coupling system and low level of solar energy utilization, and propose a carbon-hydrogen coupling system and method for multi-level energy utilization based on solar energy.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] A multi-level energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system based on solar energy, comprising a solar power generation module and a photothermal module, wherein the solar power generation module and the photothermal module input solar energy, the solar power generation module is connected to an energy storage module, a carbon-hydrogen coupling unit and an external power grid, the energy storage module is connected to the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit, and the photothermal module is connected to the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit;

[0009] A solar power generation module is used to receive solar energy and convert it into electricity, and then input it into the energy storage module, the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit and the external power grid respectively;

[0010] A photothermal module, which is used to receive solar energy and convert it into heat before inputting it into a carbon-hydrogen coupling unit;

[0011] The carbon-hydrogen coupling unit is used to receive the electricity input from the solar power generation module and the energy storage module and the heat input from the photothermal module, and to perform carbon-hydrogen coupling on the industrial waste gas and flue gas containing CO2 to generate hydrogen and carbon-containing products for output;

[0012] The energy storage module is used to receive the electricity transmitted by the solar power generation module for energy storage and input the electricity into the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit.

[0013] Furthermore, the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit includes a carbon capture module, a photocatalytic activation module, an electrochemical conversion module and a capture liquid regeneration module; the first input end of the carbon capture module is connected to the industrial waste gas flue gas containing CO2, the output end of the carbon capture module is connected to the input end of the photocatalytic activation module, and the output end of the photocatalytic activation module is connected to the input end of the electrochemical conversion module; the input end of the capture liquid regeneration module is connected to the first output end of the electrochemical conversion module, and the output end of the capture liquid regeneration module is connected to the second input end of the carbon capture module;

[0014] A photocatalytic activation module is used to receive the CO2-enriched liquid output by the carbon capture module and perform photocatalytic activation to output it to the electrochemical conversion module;

[0015] The carbon capture module is used to receive the industrial waste gas flue gas containing CO2 and the capture liquid output by the capture liquid regeneration module and capture and output the CO2-enriched liquid to the photocatalytic activation module;

[0016] The captured liquid regeneration module is used to receive the captured liquid output by the electrochemical conversion module and transmit the captured liquid to the carbon capture module after regeneration. The captured liquid regeneration adopts a heating regeneration method or an electrochemical regeneration method.

[0017] Furthermore, the photocatalytic activation module uses light combined with catalytic materials that absorb visible light and ultraviolet light to pre-catalyze the CO2-saturated absorption liquid transported from the carbon capture module and produce active substances that are then transported to the electrochemical conversion module along with the absorption liquid.

[0018] Furthermore, the carbon capture module uses a liquid with CO2 affinity as an absorbent to adsorb industrial waste flue gas containing CO2 to obtain a CO2 enriched solution, and the absorbent uses ethanolamine, ammonia water, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

[0019] Furthermore, the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit further comprises a thermal catalytic module, the second output end of the electrochemical conversion module is connected to the input end of the thermal catalytic module, and the first output end of the thermal catalytic module outputs a carbon-containing product;

[0020] The electrochemical conversion module is used to receive the CO2-enriched liquid that has been photocatalytically activated and output by the photocatalytic activation module and perform electrochemical conversion to form a captured liquid and a primary product. The captured liquid is output to the captured liquid regeneration module, and the primary product is output to the thermal catalytic module; the primary product includes synthesis gas, methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene, ethane or propylene.

[0021] Furthermore, the electrochemical conversion module utilizes CO2-enriched liquid as a reaction medium and uses the power input provided by the solar power generation module to drive the CO2 to couple with the hydrogen source in the liquid to obtain the primary product.

[0022] Furthermore, the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit further comprises an electrolytic hydrogen production module, the input end of the electrolytic hydrogen production module is connected to the second output end of the thermal catalytic module; the output end of the electrolytic hydrogen production module outputs hydrogen;

[0023] The thermal catalytic module is used to receive the primary product output by the electrochemical conversion module and then perform thermal catalysis on the primary product, and output the primary product after thermal catalysis to the electrolytic hydrogen production module; the primary product after thermal catalysis is a long-chain carbon-containing product;

[0024] The electrolytic hydrogen production module is used to convert the primary product after thermal catalysis output by the thermal catalytic module to output hydrogen.

[0025] Furthermore, the electrolytic hydrogen production module adopts a mixed form of an alkaline electrolyzer and an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, and the ratio of the alkaline electrolyzer to the anion exchange membrane electrolyzer is (4-9):1.

[0026] Furthermore, the solar power generation module adopts photovoltaic or solar thermal power generation, the solar thermal module adopts a combination of solar energy and water source heat pump for complementary heating, and the energy storage module adopts electrochemical energy storage or flywheel energy storage.

[0027] A method for multi-stage utilization of energy based on solar energy and carbon-hydrogen coupling, using the multi-stage utilization of energy based on solar energy and carbon-hydrogen coupling system, comprising the following steps: using a solar power generation module to receive solar energy and convert the solar energy into electricity, and then inputting the electricity into an energy storage module and a carbon-hydrogen coupling unit respectively; using a photothermal module to receive solar energy and convert the solar energy into heat, and then inputting the heat into the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit; using an energy storage module to receive the electricity transmitted by the solar power generation module for energy storage, and inputting the electricity into the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit;

[0028] The carbon-hydrogen coupling unit is used to receive the electricity input from the solar power generation module and the energy storage module and the heat input from the photothermal module, and carbon-hydrogen coupling is performed on the industrial waste flue gas containing CO2 to generate hydrogen and carbon-containing products for output.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0030] The present invention proposes a solar energy-based multi-stage energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system. The system uses natural solar energy as energy input, takes solar power generation as the basis, uses supporting energy storage modules and microgrid technology to ensure the power stability of the system, and utilizes solar energy, a widely available and easily available renewable energy, in multiple stages to achieve the reuse of CO2 gas discharged by upstream industries to form a carbon cycle, output hydrogen and a variety of carbon-containing products, reduce direct carbon emissions, and the preparation process is pollution-free. It will effectively expand the application scope of carbon utilization technology and improve the level of renewable energy consumption, and has considerable application potential.

[0031] Furthermore, with hydrogen electrolysis and carbon-hydrogen coupling technology as the core, supplemented by photocatalysis and photothermal modules, the combination of electricity and heat is used to improve key indicators such as the conversion efficiency and reaction rate of carbon-hydrogen coupling, to achieve the ability to prepare high value-added carbon-containing products and clean low-carbon hydrogen, and realize the multi-level utilization of solar energy.

[0032] Furthermore, the system includes multiple modules such as solar power generation, carbon capture, photocatalysis, electrochemical hydrogen-carbon conversion, and photothermal, which utilize solar energy at multiple levels, integrate electrolysis hydrogen production, carbon capture and carbon utilization technologies, and pre-activate the reaction system through photocatalysis to improve the electrochemical hydrogen-carbon conversion efficiency; at the same time, the photothermal system can not only maintain the operating temperature of the system, but also realize the processing of carbon-hydrogen coupling primary products.

[0033] Furthermore, the system makes full use of solar energy, integrates energy storage, carbon capture and utilization technologies, and produces high value-added carbon-containing products in the process of carbon emission reduction, providing a model for the comprehensive utilization of energy.

[0034] Furthermore, the energy source of the system is solar energy. On the one hand, solar energy is used to realize power input, and in conjunction with the energy storage system, it provides stable power for modules such as electrolysis hydrogen production, carbon capture, electrochemical conversion, and capture liquid regeneration. On the other hand, solar energy is used to achieve heat accumulation, and the heat energy obtained is used to assist the temperature control of the system, providing heat for modules such as carbon capture, photocatalytic activation, electrochemical conversion, and capture liquid regeneration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] The drawings in the specification are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a solar energy-based multi-stage energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 The present invention is a flow chart of a carbon-hydrogen coupling method for multi-stage utilization of energy based on solar energy.

[0038] Among them, 1 is a solar power generation module, 2 is a photothermal module, 3 is an electrolytic hydrogen production module, 4 is a carbon capture module, 5 is a photocatalytic activation module, 6 is an electrochemical conversion module, 7 is a capture liquid regeneration module, 8 is a thermal catalytic module, and 9 is an energy storage module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0041] Embodiment 1

[0042] A multi-level energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system based on solar energy, comprising a solar power generation module 1 and a photothermal module 2, wherein the solar power generation module 1 and the photothermal module 2 input solar energy, the solar power generation module 1 is connected to an energy storage module 9, a carbon-hydrogen coupling unit and an external power grid, the energy storage module 9 is connected to the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit, and the photothermal module 2 is connected to the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit;

[0043] A solar power generation module 1, for receiving solar energy and converting the solar energy into electricity and then inputting the electricity into the energy storage module 9, the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit and the external power grid;

[0044] Photothermal module 2, used for receiving solar energy and converting it into heat and then inputting it into the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit;

[0045] The carbon-hydrogen coupling unit is used to receive the electricity input from the solar power generation module 1 and the energy storage module 9 and the heat input from the photothermal module 2, and to perform carbon-hydrogen coupling on the industrial waste gas and flue gas containing CO2 to generate hydrogen and carbon-containing products for output;

[0046] The energy storage module 9 is used to receive the electricity transmitted by the solar power generation module 1 for energy storage and input the electricity into the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit.

[0047] Preferably, the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit comprises a carbon capture module 4, a photocatalytic activation module 5, an electrochemical conversion module 6 and a capture liquid regeneration module 7; the first input end of the carbon capture module 4 is connected to the industrial waste gas flue gas containing CO2, the output end of the carbon capture module 4 is connected to the input end of the photocatalytic activation module 5, and the output end of the photocatalytic activation module 5 is connected to the input end of the electrochemical conversion module 6; the input end of the capture liquid regeneration module 7 is connected to the first output end of the electrochemical conversion module 6, and the output end of the capture liquid regeneration module 7 is connected to the second input end of the carbon capture module 4;

[0048] The photocatalytic activation module 5 is used to receive the CO2-enriched liquid output by the carbon capture module 4 and perform photocatalytic activation to output it to the electrochemical conversion module 6;

[0049] The carbon capture module 4 is used to receive the industrial waste gas flue gas containing CO2 and the capture liquid output by the capture liquid regeneration module 7 and capture and output the CO2-enriched liquid to the photocatalytic activation module 5;

[0050] The captured liquid regeneration module 7 is used to receive the captured liquid output by the electrochemical conversion module 6, and transmit the captured liquid to the carbon capture module 4 after regeneration. The captured liquid is regenerated by heating regeneration method or electrochemical regeneration method.

[0051] Preferably, the photocatalytic activation module 5 uses light combined with catalytic materials that absorb visible light and ultraviolet light to pre-catalyze the CO2-saturated absorption liquid transported from the carbon capture module and produce active substances that are then transported to the electrochemical conversion module 6 along with the absorption liquid.

[0052] Preferably, the carbon capture module 4 uses a liquid with CO2 affinity as an absorbent to adsorb industrial waste gas and flue gas containing CO2 to obtain a CO2 enriched solution, and the absorbent is ethanolamine, ammonia water, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

[0053] Preferably, the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit further comprises a thermal catalytic module 8, the second output end of the electrochemical conversion module 6 is connected to the input end of the thermal catalytic module 8, and the first output end of the thermal catalytic module 8 outputs a carbon-containing product;

[0054] The electrochemical conversion module 6 is used to receive the CO2-enriched liquid that has been photocatalytically activated and output by the photocatalytic activation module 5 and perform electrochemical conversion to form a captured liquid and a primary product. The captured liquid is output to the captured liquid regeneration module 7, and the primary product is output to the thermal catalytic module 8; the primary product includes synthesis gas, methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene, ethane or propylene.

[0055] Preferably, the electrochemical conversion module 6 utilizes CO2-enriched liquid as a reaction medium and uses the power input provided by the solar power generation module 2 to drive the CO2 to couple with the hydrogen source in the liquid to obtain a primary product.

[0056] Preferably, the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit further comprises an electrolytic hydrogen production module 3, the input end of the electrolytic hydrogen production module 3 is connected to the second output end of the thermal catalytic module 8; the output end of the electrolytic hydrogen production module 3 outputs hydrogen;

[0057] The thermal catalytic module 8 is used to receive the primary product output by the electrochemical conversion module 6 and then perform thermal catalysis on the primary product, and output the primary product after thermal catalysis to the electrolytic hydrogen production module 3; the primary product after thermal catalysis is a long-chain carbon-containing product;

[0058] The electrolytic hydrogen production module 3 is used to convert the primary product after thermal catalysis output by the thermal catalytic module 8 into hydrogen.

[0059] Preferably, the electrolytic hydrogen production module 3 adopts a mixed form of an alkaline electrolyzer and an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, and the ratio of the alkaline electrolyzer to the anion exchange membrane electrolyzer is (4-9):1.

[0060] Preferably, the solar power generation module 1 adopts photovoltaic or solar thermal power generation, the solar thermal module 2 adopts a combination of solar energy and water source heat pump for complementary heating, and the energy storage module 9 adopts electrochemical energy storage or flywheel energy storage as an energy storage method.

[0061] Embodiment 2

[0062] A method for multi-stage utilization of energy based on solar energy and carbon-hydrogen coupling, using a multi-stage utilization of energy based on solar energy and carbon-hydrogen coupling system described in Example 1, characterized in that it includes the following steps: using a solar power generation module 1 to receive solar energy and convert the solar energy into electricity, and then inputting the electricity into an energy storage module 9 and a carbon-hydrogen coupling unit respectively; using a photothermal module 2 to receive solar energy and convert the solar energy into heat, and then inputting the heat into the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit; using an energy storage module 9 to receive the electricity transmitted by the solar power generation module 1 for energy storage, and inputting the electricity into the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit;

[0063] The carbon-hydrogen coupling unit is used to receive the electricity input from the solar power generation module 1 and the energy storage module 9 and the heat input from the photothermal module 2, and carbon-hydrogen coupling is performed on the industrial waste gas and flue gas containing CO2 to generate hydrogen and carbon-containing products for output.

[0064] Embodiment 3

[0065] A solar energy-based multi-stage energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system includes: a solar power generation module 1, a photothermal module 2, an electrolytic hydrogen production module 3, a carbon capture module 4, a photocatalytic activation module 5, an electrochemical conversion module 6, a capture liquid regeneration module 7, a thermal catalytic module 8, an energy storage module 9 and other modules.

[0066] The solar power generation module 1 provides clean electricity support for the entire system by means of photovoltaic power generation, solar thermal power generation and the like, and mainly provides power support for important modules including the carbon capture module 3, the electrolysis hydrogen production module 5, the electrochemical conversion module 6, and the thermal catalytic module 7. At the same time, it provides power for auxiliary modules required for the normal operation of the entire system, such as the lighting system, the control system, etc. In addition, the supporting energy storage system 8 uses microgrid technology to maintain the stability of the input and output of the power system, and can realize grid-connected energy supply as appropriate, laying the foundation for creating a zero-carbon system.

[0067] The photothermal module 2 utilizes photothermal technology, such as a multi-energy complementary heating technology combining solar energy and a water source heat pump, to achieve heat accumulation, and cooperates with the power system to realize the heat input of the system to meet the operating needs of the carbon capture module 3, the photocatalytic activation module 4, the electrochemical conversion module 5, the capture liquid regeneration module 6, the thermal catalytic module 7, etc.

[0068] The electrolytic hydrogen production module 3 adopts a mixed solution of alkaline electrolyzer + anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, with a ratio of 4:1 to 9:1, to enhance the flexibility of the hydrogen production module to adapt to the intermittent input of solar power generation and achieve large-scale hydrogen production. The single module is 1500Nm 3 / h. The module can directly output clean low-carbon hydrogen to downstream users through pipelines, or partially use it as a raw material for the thermal catalytic module 7, further reducing carbon emissions in the carbon utilization link and increasing the reaction rate. In addition, in terms of load, electrolyzed water can be used as a flexible load to provide flexible response on the demand side.

[0069] The carbon capture module 4 can be directly connected to the upstream carbon emission pipeline, and use liquids with CO2 affinity, such as ethanolamine, ammonia, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, etc., as absorbents to adsorb the upstream emission gas to obtain a CO2-saturated capture solution, which is then transported to the next module through a pipeline. At the same time, the absorption liquid used by the carbon capture module 4 is recycled between the carbon capture 3, the photocatalytic activation 4, and the electrochemical conversion module 5, and is returned to the carbon capture module 4 for reuse after being regenerated by the capture liquid regeneration module 6.

[0070] The photocatalytic activation module 5 uses light combined with a catalytic material that can specifically absorb visible light and ultraviolet light, such as Cu2O, to pre-catalyze the CO2-saturated absorption liquid transported from the carbon capture module and produce active substances, such as CO2 - , and then transported to the electrochemical conversion module 6 along with the absorption liquid.

[0071] The electrochemical conversion module 6 uses the CO2-enriched liquid transmitted from the upstream module as the reaction medium, and uses the power input provided by the solar power generation system to drive the CO2 to combine with the hydrogen source in the liquid, so as to achieve specific and efficient conversion of CO2 in a carbon-hydrogen coupling manner to obtain primary carbon-containing products. The target primary product is adjustable, and the optional primary products include but are not limited to synthesis gas, methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene, ethane or propylene, which are directly output as products or continue to be transmitted to the next module.

[0072] The capture liquid regeneration module 7 regenerates the capture liquid after the reaction of the electrochemical conversion module 6 by heating or electrochemical regeneration, and transmits it to the carbon capture module 4 for reuse, so as to realize the recycling of the capture liquid.

[0073] The thermal catalytic module 7 uses a high-efficiency catalyst to utilize the electricity and heat energy provided by the solar power generation module 1 and the photothermal module 2 to selectively convert the primary products transmitted from the upstream into long-chain carbon-containing products.

[0074] The energy storage module 8 uses electrochemical, flywheel energy storage and other technologies to achieve stable system power input and output under light conditions, and ensure the orderly start and stop of the system and normal power use of the equipment under no light conditions.

[0075] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit its protection scope. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that after reading the present invention, those skilled in the art can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation methods of the invention, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the protection scope of the pending claims of the invention.

Claims

1. A solar energy-based multi-stage energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system, characterized in that: It comprises a solar power generation module (1) and a photothermal module (2), wherein the solar power generation module (1) and the photothermal module (2) input solar energy, the solar power generation module (1) is connected to an energy storage module (9), a carbon-hydrogen coupling unit and an external power grid, the energy storage module (9) is connected to the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit, and the photothermal module (2) is connected to the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit; A solar power generation module (1) is used to receive solar energy and convert the solar energy into electricity, and then input the electricity into the energy storage module (9), the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit and the external power grid; The photothermal module (2) is used to receive solar energy and convert the solar energy into heat and then input it into the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit; A carbon-hydrogen coupling unit is used to receive the electricity input from the solar power generation module (1) and the energy storage module (9) and the heat input from the photothermal module (2), and to perform carbon-hydrogen coupling on industrial waste gas and flue gas containing CO2 to generate hydrogen and carbon-containing products for output; The energy storage module (9) is used to receive the electricity transmitted by the solar power generation module (1) for energy storage and to input the electricity into the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit.

2. According to claim 1, a solar energy-based multi-stage energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system is characterized in that: The carbon-hydrogen coupling unit comprises a carbon capture module (4), a photocatalytic activation module (5), an electrochemical conversion module (6) and a capture liquid regeneration module (7); the first input end of the carbon capture module (4) is connected to industrial waste gas flue gas containing CO2, the output end of the carbon capture module (4) is connected to the input end of the photocatalytic activation module (5), and the output end of the photocatalytic activation module (5) is connected to the input end of the electrochemical conversion module (6); the input end of the capture liquid regeneration module (7) is connected to the first output end of the electrochemical conversion module (6), and the output end of the capture liquid regeneration module (7) is connected to the second input end of the carbon capture module (4); A photocatalytic activation module (5) is used to receive the CO2-enriched liquid output by the carbon capture module (4) and perform photocatalytic activation to output the liquid to the electrochemical conversion module (6); The carbon capture module (4) is used to receive the industrial waste gas flue gas containing CO2 and the capture liquid output by the capture liquid regeneration module (7) and capture and output the CO2-enriched liquid to the photocatalytic activation module (5); The capture liquid regeneration module (7) is used to receive the capture liquid output by the electrochemical conversion module (6), and regenerate the capture liquid and transmit it to the carbon capture module (4). The capture liquid is regenerated by a heating regeneration method or an electrochemical regeneration method.

3. The multi-stage solar energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The photocatalytic activation module (5) uses light combined with catalytic materials that absorb visible light and ultraviolet light to pre-catalyze the CO2-saturated absorption liquid transported from the carbon capture module and generate active substances, which are then transported to the electrochemical conversion module (6) along with the absorption liquid.

4. The multi-stage carbon-hydrogen coupling system based on solar energy according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The carbon capture module (4) uses a liquid with CO2 affinity as an absorbent to adsorb industrial waste gas flue gas containing CO2 to obtain a CO2 enriched solution. The absorbent is ethanolamine, ammonia water, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.

5. The multi-stage solar energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The carbon-hydrogen coupling unit further comprises a thermal catalytic module (8), the second output end of the electrochemical conversion module (6) is connected to the input end of the thermal catalytic module (8), and the first output end of the thermal catalytic module (8) outputs a carbon-containing product; The electrochemical conversion module (6) is used to receive the CO2-enriched liquid that has been photocatalytically activated and output by the photocatalytic activation module (5) and perform electrochemical conversion to form a captured liquid and a primary product. The captured liquid is output to the captured liquid regeneration module (7), and the primary product is output to the thermal catalytic module (8); the primary product includes synthesis gas, methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene, ethane or propylene.

6. The multi-stage solar energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The electrochemical conversion module (6) uses the CO2-enriched liquid as a reaction medium and uses the power input provided by the solar power generation module (2) to drive the CO2 to couple with the hydrogen source in the liquid to obtain a primary product.

7. The multi-stage solar energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The carbon-hydrogen coupling unit further comprises an electrolytic hydrogen production module (3), the input end of the electrolytic hydrogen production module (3) being connected to the second output end of the thermal catalytic module (8); the output end of the electrolytic hydrogen production module (3) outputs hydrogen; The thermal catalytic module (8) is used to receive the primary product output by the electrochemical conversion module (6), perform thermal catalysis on the primary product, and output the primary product after thermal catalysis to the electrolytic hydrogen production module (3); the primary product after thermal catalysis is a long-chain carbon-containing product; The electrolytic hydrogen production module (3) is used to convert the primary product after thermal catalysis output by the thermal catalytic module (8) to output hydrogen.

8. The multi-stage solar energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The electrolytic hydrogen production module (3) adopts a mixed form of an alkaline electrolyzer and an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer, and the ratio of the alkaline electrolyzer to the anion exchange membrane electrolyzer is (4-9):

1.

9. The multi-stage solar energy utilization carbon-hydrogen coupling system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The solar power generation module (1) uses photovoltaic or solar thermal power generation, the solar thermal module (2) uses a combination of solar energy and a water source heat pump for complementary heating, and the energy storage module (9) uses electrochemical energy storage or flywheel energy storage as an energy storage method.

10. A method for multi-stage utilization of energy based on solar energy and carbon-hydrogen coupling, using a multi-stage utilization of energy based on solar energy and carbon-hydrogen coupling system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: using a solar power generation module (1) to receive solar energy and convert the solar energy into electricity, and then inputting the electricity into an energy storage module (9) and a carbon-hydrogen coupling unit respectively; using a photothermal module (2) to receive solar energy and convert the solar energy into heat, and then inputting the heat into the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit; using an energy storage module (9) to receive the electricity transmitted by the solar power generation module (1) for energy storage, and then inputting the electricity into the carbon-hydrogen coupling unit; The carbon-hydrogen coupling unit is used to receive the electricity input from the solar power generation module (1) and the energy storage module (9) and the heat input from the photothermal module (2), and carbon-hydrogen coupling is performed on industrial waste gas and flue gas containing CO2 to generate hydrogen and carbon-containing products for output.

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