Method for improving water and fertilizer utilization rate of yellow river delta saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the water and fertilizer utilization rate of Yellow River delta saline-alkali soil, and relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement. An infiltration device (comprising a Markov bottle and other components) and aerated brackish water are used for infiltration treatment, the depth of a test soil layer is 40-60 cm, the oxygen concentration of the aerated brackish water is 12-15 mg / L, the mass fraction of the aerated brackish water is 3-5 g / L, a micro-nano bubble generator is adopted for aeration, and the method can be applied to crop irrigation and saline-alkali soil improvement in light and moderate saline-alkali areas. The method is especially suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil of the Yellow River delta. The infiltration device provided by the invention can prevent water from flowing back and is convenient for soil sample treatment, and the method can increase the water content of soil and the amount of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen at different soil layer depths and effectively improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of crop irrigation and saline-alkali soil improvement in light-to-moderate saline-alkali areas, and in particular, relates to a method for improving water and fertilizer utilization rate of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta. Background Art

[0002] my country lacks freshwater resources. The per capita freshwater resources are only 1 / 4 of the world average. The shortage of water resources has become an important factor restricting my country's economic development, especially agricultural development. my country has rich reserves of saltwater resources. The distribution area of ​​saltwater resources in Shandong Province is 1.09×10 4 km 2 , the total amount is about 15.9×10 8 m 3 , mainly distributed in the saline-alkali areas of the Yellow River Delta, mainly in Dongying, Binzhou and Weifang. Therefore, how to reasonably develop and utilize salt water, especially brackish water, is the primary issue in solving saline-alkali land irrigation.

[0003] Brackish water irrigation has a history of 100 years at home and abroad. The earliest use of brackish water in my country's agriculture can be traced back to the 1960s. In the northwest, Ningxia and Gansu and other regions, brackish water irrigation was used to solve the problem of fresh water shortage. Although brackish water can provide the water needed for plant growth, it also greatly increases the risk of secondary salinization of the soil, and long-term irrigation will seriously affect plant growth and development, thereby affecting the yield and quality of crops.

[0004] Therefore, how to efficiently utilize limited irrigation water resources and efficiently develop and utilize saline-alkali land to achieve comprehensive innovation in agricultural production development models and improve agricultural efficiency and farmers' economic income is an urgent livelihood issue that needs to be addressed. The key is to develop technologies for safe and efficient use of brackish water. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for improving the water and fertilizer utilization rate of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta.

[0006] This application adopts the following technical solutions to solve the above technical problems:

[0007] The present application provides a method for improving the water and fertilizer utilization rate of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta, using a drip irrigation device and irrigation water quality for infiltration treatment.

[0008] Preferably, the drip irrigation device comprises a Martens flask (1), the upper wall of the Martens flask is inserted into the air inlet (2), the middle position of the Martens flask is inserted into the water inlet (3), the lower part of the Martens flask (1) is provided with a lifting platform, the Martens flask pressure measuring tube is provided with a water stop valve (5), the front end of the water stop valve (5) is provided with a rubber hose (6), the front end of the rubber hose is connected to the soil column (7), and the lower part of the soil column (7) is test soil (8).

[0009] Preferably, the irrigation water is aerated brackish water.

[0010] Preferably, in the infiltration treatment, the depth of the test soil layer is 40 to 60 cm.

[0011] Preferably, the solute in the aerated brackish water is sodium chloride.

[0012] Preferably, the oxygen concentration of the aerated salt water is 12-15 mg / L, and the mass fraction of the aerated brackish water is 3-5 g / L.

[0013] Preferably, the aerated brackish water is aerated using a micro-nano bubble generator.

[0014] The present application also provides a method for improving water and fertilizer utilization rate of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta, which is applied to crop irrigation and improvement of saline-alkali soil in light to moderate saline-alkali areas.

[0015] Among them, it is applied to the coastal saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta region.

[0016] On the basis of conforming to the common sense in the art, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be arbitrarily combined to obtain the preferred embodiments of the present application.

[0017] The reagents and raw materials used in this application are commercially available.

[0018] Second aspect

[0019] like Figure 1 As shown, the soil column of the infiltration test is made of plexiglass with a thickness of 0.3 cm, an inner diameter of 10 cm, and a height of 80 cm. The Martens flask provides a stable and constant water head for the soil column, and the height is set to 5 cm. A circular hole with a diameter of 3 mm is set at the bottom of the soil column of this device for water outflow. At the same time, a 30 cm filter layer (mainly quartz sand) is set at the bottom of the soil column to prevent water backflow from affecting the soil infiltration results. In addition, a hole is opened every 10 cm on the side of the soil column to facilitate the selection and processing of soil samples after infiltration.

[0020] The positive progressive effects of the present application are as follows: on the one hand, the present application provides a new infiltration setting, which can prevent water backflow and facilitate the selection and processing of soil samples after infiltration; on the other hand, by changing the infiltrated water quality, it provides a method for increasing the water and fertilizer utilization rate of the saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present application can be better understood by referring to the description given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings, together with the following detailed description, are included in this specification and form a part of this specification, and are used to further illustrate the preferred embodiments of the present application and explain the principles and advantages of the present application.

[0022] in:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the infiltration device;

[0024] Figure 2 is the moisture content at different soil depths;

[0025] Figure 3 The change of ammonium nitrogen content at a soil depth of 20 cm;

[0026] Figure 4 The change of ammonium nitrogen content at a soil depth of 40 cm;

[0027] Figure 5 The change of ammonium nitrogen content at a soil depth of 60 cm;

[0028] Figure 6 The change of nitrate nitrogen content at a soil depth of 20 cm;

[0029] Figure 7 The change of nitrate nitrogen content at a soil depth of 40 cm;

[0030] Figure 8 The change of nitrate nitrogen content at a soil depth of 60 cm; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present application is further described below by way of examples, but the present application is not limited to the scope of the examples. The experimental methods without specific conditions in the following examples are selected according to conventional methods and conditions, or according to the product instructions.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0033] The raw materials in the following examples are all commercially available.

[0034] A method for preparing a drip irrigation device comprises: a Martens flask (1), an air inlet (2) is inserted into the upper wall of the Martens flask, a water inlet (3) is inserted into the middle of the Martens flask, a lifting platform is provided at the lower part of the Martens flask (1), a water stop valve (5) is provided on the pressure measuring tube of the Martens flask, a rubber hose (6) is provided at the front end of the water stop valve (5), the front end of the rubber hose is connected to a soil column (7), and the lower part of the soil column (7) is test soil (8).

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Aerated brackish water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 12.5 mg / L was used, and a micro-nano bubble generator was used for aeration treatment, with 3 replicates for each treatment. After the infiltration test, in order to determine the effect of different water qualities on soil nitrogen transformation, the soil column was placed in a 20°C environment for incubation, and soil samples were taken every 20 cm in the same soil column of each treatment on the 0th, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, and 21st days, and 3 samples were taken at the same depth to take the average value for the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The test brackish water was prepared by sodium chloride reagent (mass fraction greater than or equal to 99.50%) and deionized water (dissolved oxygen concentration of 9.3 mg / L). The aerated water was aerated using a XXQYNB-1000 laboratory micro-nano bubble machine (produced by Chongqing Xinxiang Keji Co., Ltd.), and the dissolved oxygen concentration was monitored using a HQ 30d portable dissolved oxygen meter (produced by Hannessa Company) after aeration. The ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were determined using a continuous flow analyzer (KALAR, Netherlands).

[0037] The infiltration test soil column is made of plexiglass, such as Figure 1 As shown, the thickness is 0.3cm, the inner diameter is 10cm, and the height is 80cm. The water accumulation is controlled at about 5cm. A Martens flask with an inner diameter of 10cm and a height of 50cm is used for water supply. The filling depth is 60cm, and the designed volume mass is 1.4g / cm 3 , filled evenly in five layers, the Marsh flask provides a stable and constant water head for the soil column, and the height is set to 5cm.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] The slightly saline water with a dissolved oxygen concentration of 3g / L and 9.3mg / L was aerated, and each treatment was repeated 3 times. After the infiltration test was completed, in order to determine the effect of different water qualities on soil nitrogen transformation, the soil column was placed in a 20°C environment for cultivation. Soil samples were taken every 20cm in the same soil column of each treatment on the 0th, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, and 21st days, and 3 samples were taken at the same depth to take the average value for the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The slightly saline water for testing was prepared by sodium chloride reagent (mass fraction greater than or equal to 99.50%) and deionized water (dissolved oxygen concentration of 9.3mg / L). The aerated water was aerated using a XXQYNB-1000 laboratory micro-nano bubble machine (produced by Chongqing Xinxiang Keji Co., Ltd.), and the dissolved oxygen concentration was monitored by a HQ 30d portable dissolved oxygen meter (produced by Hannessa Company) after aeration. A continuous flow analyzer (KALAR Company, Netherlands) was used to determine ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen.

[0040] The infiltration test soil column is made of plexiglass, such as Figure 1As shown, the thickness is 0.3cm, the inner diameter is 10cm, and the height is 80cm. The water accumulation is controlled at about 5cm. A Martens flask with an inner diameter of 10cm and a height of 50cm is used for water supply. The filling depth is 60cm, and the designed volume mass is 1.4g / cm 3 , filled evenly in five layers, the Marsh flask provides a stable and constant water head for the soil column, and the height is set to 5cm.

[0041] Comparative Example 1

[0042] Fresh water was deionized water (dissolved oxygen concentration was 9.3 mg / L) and three replicates were set. After the infiltration test was completed, in order to determine the effect of different water qualities on soil nitrogen transformation, the soil column was placed in a 20°C environment for cultivation. Soil samples were taken every 20 cm in the same soil column in each treatment on the 0th, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, and 21st days, and 3 samples were taken at the same depth to take the average value for the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. Aerated water was aerated using a XXQYNB-1000 laboratory micro-nano bubble machine (produced by Chongqing Xinxiang Keji Co., Ltd.), and after aeration, a HQ 30d portable dissolved oxygen meter (produced by Hannessa) was used to monitor the dissolved oxygen concentration. A continuous flow analyzer (KALAR Company, Netherlands) was used to determine ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen.

[0043] The infiltration test soil column is made of plexiglass, such as Figure 1 As shown, the thickness is 0.3cm, the inner diameter is 10cm, and the height is 80cm. The water accumulation is controlled at about 5cm. A Martens flask with an inner diameter of 10cm and a height of 50cm is used for water supply. The filling depth is 60cm, and the designed volume mass is 1.4g / cm 3 , filled evenly in five layers, the Marsh flask provides a stable and constant water head for the soil column, and the height is set to 5cm.

[0044] Comparative Example 2

[0045] The dissolved oxygen concentration of aerated fresh water was 12.5 mg / L, and the brackish water and fresh water were treated with aeration using a micro-nano bubble generator, with 3 replicates for each treatment. After the infiltration test was completed, in order to determine the effect of different water qualities on soil nitrogen transformation, the soil column was placed in a 20°C environment for cultivation, and soil samples were taken every 20 cm in the same soil column of each treatment on the 0th, 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, and 21st days, and 3 samples were taken at the same depth to take the average value, and the determination of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen was performed. Aeration was performed using a XXQYNB-1000 laboratory micro-nano bubble machine (produced by Chongqing Xinxiang Keji Co., Ltd.), and after aeration, a HQ 30d portable dissolved oxygen meter (produced by Hannessa Company) was used to monitor the dissolved oxygen concentration. A continuous flow analyzer (KALAR Company, Netherlands Example 2) was used to determine ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen.

[0046] The infiltration test soil column is made of plexiglass, such as Figure 1As shown, the thickness is 0.3cm, the inner diameter is 10cm, and the height is 80cm. The water accumulation is controlled at about 5cm. A Martens flask with an inner diameter of 10cm and a height of 50cm is used for water supply. The filling depth is 60cm, and the designed volume mass is 1.4g / cm 3 , filled evenly in five layers, the Marsh flask provides a stable and constant water head for the soil column, and the height is set to 5cm.

[0047] Effect Example 1 Test on the influence of water and salt migration

[0048] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that both aeration and brackish water treatment will increase soil moisture content. Compared with comparative example 1, the variation trend of moisture content in Example 2 is basically the same. The moisture content of each soil layer treated in Example 2 is higher than that in comparative example 1. The moisture content in Example 2 at the 10 cm soil layer is 10.63% higher than that in comparative example 1, the moisture content in Example 2 at the 20 cm soil layer is 13.45% higher than that in comparative example 1, the moisture content in Example 2 at the 30 cm soil layer is 14.71% higher than that in comparative example 1, the moisture content in Example 2 at the 40 cm soil layer is 14.83% higher than that in comparative example 1, the moisture content in Example 2 at the 50 cm soil layer is 15.17% higher than that in comparative example 1, and the moisture content in Example 2 at the 60 cm soil layer is 13.81% higher than that in comparative example 1, indicating that the treatment in Example 2 can increase the absorption of water by saline-alkali soil.

[0049] Compared with Comparative Example 1, the moisture content of each soil layer in Comparative Example 2 increased, and the increase at 60cm soil layer was more obvious. The moisture content of Comparative Example 2 increased by 39.38% compared with Comparative Example 1, and the increase at 10cm soil layer was smaller, increasing by 3.15%, indicating that Comparative Example 2 can increase the moisture content of deep soil. At the same time, compared with Comparative Example 1, the moisture content of each soil layer in Example 1 increased, and the increase at 60cm was more obvious, increasing by 25.49%, and the increase at 10cm depth was smaller, increasing by 3.87%. Compared with the treatment of Example 1 and Example 2, the moisture content of Example 2 was higher at a soil depth of 0 to 40cm, and the moisture content of Example 1 was higher at a soil depth of 40 to 60cm.

[0050] Effect Example 2 Test on the influence of soil depth on the spatiotemporal distribution of soil nitrogen

[0051] Depend on Figures 3 to 5 It can be seen that compared with Comparative Example 1, when the soil depth is 20 cm, the treatment in Example 2 can increase the amount of soil ammonium nitrogen on d3-d21, the treatment in Comparative Example 2 can effectively increase the amount of soil ammonium nitrogen on d3-d5 and d10-d21, the treatment in Example 1 can increase the amount of soil ammonium nitrogen on d10-d21, and the amount of soil ammonium nitrogen on d10-d21 is increased compared with the treatment in Example 1 and Example 2.

[0052] It can be seen that the treatment in Example 1 can effectively increase the amount of ammonium nitrogen at a soil depth of 20 cm; when the soil depth is 40 cm, the treatment in Example 2 can effectively increase the amount of ammonium nitrogen in the soil from d0 to d21, the treatment in Comparative Example 2 can effectively increase the amount of ammonium nitrogen in the soil from d0 to d21, and the treatment in Example 1 can effectively increase the amount of ammonium nitrogen in the soil from d5 to d21. At the same time, the maximum values ​​of the treatments in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 appear at d10, and the maximum value of the treatment in Example 1 appears at d7, and the maximum value of the amount of ammonium nitrogen in the treatment in Example 1 is improved; when the soil depth is 60 cm, the treatment in Example 2 can increase the amount of ammonium nitrogen in the soil from d3 to d10, and the treatment in Comparative Example 2 can increase the amount of ammonium nitrogen in the soil from d3 to d7. The treatments in Example 2, Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 have poor effects on improving the amount of ammonium nitrogen in the soil at a depth of 60 cm. The maximum value of ammonium nitrogen in fresh water treatment appeared at d0, which was 0.76 mg / L, the maximum value of ammonium nitrogen in Example 2 treatment appeared at d7, which was 1.08 mg / L, the maximum value of ammonium nitrogen in Comparative Example 2 treatment appeared at d7, which was 0.33 mg / L, and the maximum value of ammonium nitrogen in Example 1 treatment appeared at d7, which was 0.57 mg / L. Ammonium nitrogen is easily soluble in water, so the amount of ammonium nitrogen at a depth of 20 cm decreased, and at the same time, the ammonium nitrogen at a depth of 20 cm was leached into the deep soil, resulting in an increase in the ammonium nitrogen content at 40 cm and 60 cm.

[0053] Effect Example 3 Nitrate Nitrogen Content Test

[0054] Depend on Figures 6 to 8 It can be seen that compared with Comparative Example 1, when the soil depth is 20 cm, the treatment of Example 2 can increase the amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil from d3 to d7, the treatment of Comparative Example 2 can effectively increase the amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil from d0 to d21, and the treatment of Example 1 can increase the amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil from d1 to d21; when the soil depth is 40 cm, at d21, the improvement effect of the treatment of Example 2, Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 on the amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil is more obvious; when the soil depth is 60 cm, the treatment of Example 2, Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 have poor improvement effects on the amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. At d7, the soil nitrate nitrogen content of the fresh water treatment is the highest, which is 3.38 mg / L, and the soil nitrate nitrogen content of the Example 2 treatment at d0 is the highest, which is 3.01 mg / L. At d0, the soil nitrate nitrogen content of the Comparative Example 2 treatment is the highest, which is 1.79 mg / L, and at d21, the soil nitrate nitrogen content of the Example 1 treatment is the highest, which is 3.51 mg / L. The nitrate nitrogen content (0-40 cm) of the treated soil in Example 1 showed a continuous increasing trend with the advancement of time, and the maximum was d21. When the soil is well ventilated, ammonium nitrogen can be converted into nitrate nitrogen. Therefore, the amount of nitrate nitrogen is higher than that of ammonium nitrogen. At the same time, nitrate nitrogen is easily soluble in water and will accumulate in the deep soil with the flow of water, thereby increasing the amount of nitrate nitrogen in the deep soil.

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that in this application, the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements that are inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus.

[0056] Although the present application has been disclosed above through the description of the specific embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that those skilled in the art can design various modifications, improvements or equivalents to the present application within the spirit and scope of the attached scheme. These modifications, improvements or equivalents should also be considered to be included in the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

Claims

1. A method for improving water and fertilizer utilization rate of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta, characterized in that: Infiltration treatment is carried out using infiltration devices and irrigation water quality.

2. The method for improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infiltration device comprises a Martens flask (1), the upper wall of the Martens flask is inserted into an air inlet (2), the middle of the Martens flask is inserted into a water inlet (3), a lifting platform is arranged at the lower part of the Martens flask (1), a water stop valve (5) is arranged at the pressure measuring tube of the Martens flask, a rubber hose (6) is arranged at the front end of the water stop valve (5), the front end of the rubber hose is connected to a soil column (7), and the lower part of the soil column (7) is test soil (8).

3. The method for improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation water quality is aerated brackish water.

4. The method for improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the infiltration treatment, the depth of the test soil layer is 40 to 60 cm.

5. The method for improving water and fertilizer utilization rate of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solute in the aerated brackish water is sodium chloride.

6. The method for improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that: The oxygen concentration of the aerated salt water is 12-15 mg / L, and the mass fraction of the aerated brackish water is 3-5 g / L.

7. The method for improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: Aeration treatment is carried out using a micro-nano bubble generator.

8. A method for improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Applied to crop irrigation and saline-alkali soil improvement in light to moderate saline-alkali areas; Preferably, it is applied to the coastal saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta region.

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