Wheat cultivation method for improving drought resistance of wheat

Abstract

The invention discloses a wheat cultivation method for improving drought resistance of wheat, and relates to the technical field of wheat cultivation. Comprising the following steps: step 1, breeding and screening; 2, land preparation; step 3, sowing; step 4, field management; step 5, harvesting. According to the wheat cultivation method capable of improving the drought resistance of the wheat, one-time fertilization and repeated use can be guaranteed through the irrigation multifunctional mulching film, the disease resistance, drought resistance and drought resistance of the wheat can be enhanced, the yield of the wheat is increased, the fertilization efficiency can be improved, and nutrient loss and environmental pollution can be reduced through reasonable matching and application of base fertilizer and topdressing; meanwhile, the requirements of the wheat for nutrients in different growth stages are met, and the drought resistance of the wheat in the seedling stage is improved by externally applying exogenous amino acid nitrogen.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wheat cultivation, in particular to a wheat cultivation method for improving the drought resistance of wheat. Background Art

[0002] In the context of climate change, abiotic stress has become a major threat to food production, among which drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses faced by plants. A large number of studies have shown that drought stress severely limits the growth and productivity of wheat. In order to adapt to climate change, it is necessary to explore water-saving dryland cultivation methods for wheat. At the same time, the world's population is still growing, and the demand for food is also increasing. In today's world where food demand and food production do not match, improving wheat drought resistance, reducing the negative impact of drought stress on wheat grain yield, and developing water-saving cultivation are crucial to meeting global food demand, ensuring food security and sustainable water supply. In the past, the effective way to improve wheat drought resistance was to breed drought-resistant varieties. However, breeding new varieties is a long process that requires a lot of research and development time and long-term capital investment.

[0003] The invention with publication number CN117322287A discloses a method for improving the drought resistance of wheat, which implements the canopy nutrition fortification technology twice during the wheat filling period in the variety breeding field. The canopy nutrition fortification technology is to supply special mineral element combination nutrient solution in super-concentration in the wheat canopy in a targeted manner, and the nutrition-fortified grains harvested after the canopy nutrition fortification are sown as high-nutrition seeds in wheat dryland areas or water-saving cultivation areas.

[0004] As shown in the above invention, the existing method of improving wheat drought resistance generally obtains seeds with improved wheat drought resistance by using simple and easy-to-apply canopy nutrition enhancement technology in breeding fields, thereby improving wheat drought resistance. This method is easily affected by environmental and human factors, and it is difficult to accurately evaluate drought resistance and yield, which may lead to the omission of excellent varieties. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a wheat cultivation method for improving the drought resistance of wheat, thereby solving the existing problems.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: A wheat cultivation method for improving the drought resistance of wheat, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Breeding screening: In the early stage of breeding, single plants with drought resistance and high yield potential are screened to shorten the breeding cycle. New drought-resistant and high-yield wheat varieties are cultivated through phenotypic screening under drought stress and calculation of drought resistance index;

[0008] Step 2: Land preparation: The land where winter wheat is planned to be planted needs to be fertilized with compound basal fertilizer, and 300-400 ml of 40% simazine suspension per mu should be used for weed control;

[0009] Step 3, sowing: Sowing is carried out from late October to early November, using hole sowing, 2-4 seeds per hole, plant spacing 13-15 cm, row spacing 40-50 cm, after sowing, cover with irrigation film, and cover the edge of the film with 35-50 cm of soil;

[0010] Step 4: Field management: Remove the mulch film 15 days after wheat seedlings emerge, apply exogenous amino acid nitrogen, test soil nutrients and apply fertilizers during the greening and heading stages, and apply a compound topdressing consisting of 55-65 parts of urea, 45-47 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 15 to 20 parts of corn stalks;

[0011] Step 5. Harvest: Wheat is harvested from late May to early June. After threshing and packaging, select high-quality and plump seeds for seed preservation.

[0012] Preferably, the breeding method comprises:

[0013] S1. Select 5-10 wheat varieties with significant drought resistance and high yield potential as parents, including at least one wild or local variety with excellent drought resistance;

[0014] S2, emasculation of wheat during heading stage, and removal of hybrid plants that do not conform to the characteristics of the parents;

[0015] S3, hybridization is performed to ensure that each parent is hybridized with at least two other parents to obtain F1 generation seeds;

[0016] S4, plant the F1 generation to obtain the F2 generation, then plant the F2 generation again, water only the jointing water in spring, and select plants with moderate plant height and 13-15 ears per plant to obtain the F3 generation;

[0017] S5. Plant the F3 generation under drought stress, use Jimai 22 as the control, select high-resistance pure line materials with drought resistance index more than 3% higher than the control, and move them to the experimental field for cultivation.

[0018] Preferably, the drought stress is specifically:

[0019] Four levels of drought stress were simulated in the artificial climate chamber, namely normal, mild, moderate and severe, each level lasting 6-8 days, and the phenotypes of the hybrid offspring were screened. The drought stress setting was as follows:

[0020] A. Normal moisture: Keep soil moisture at 80-90% of field water holding capacity;

[0021] B. Mild drought: maintain soil moisture at 60-70% of field capacity;

[0022] C. Moderate drought: Maintain soil moisture at 40-50% of field capacity;

[0023] D. Severe drought: Maintain soil moisture at 20-30% of field capacity.

[0024] Preferably, the calculation steps of the drought resistance index are specifically as follows:

[0025] A1. Measurement of traits: Drought resistance index is evaluated by four traits: survival rate SR, biomass maintenance rate BMR, chlorophyll content maintenance rate CCRR and relative water content RWC. SR is the proportion of plants surviving after drought stress, BMR is the ratio of biomass after drought stress to that under control conditions, CCRR is the ratio of chlorophyll content after drought stress to that under control conditions, RWC is the relative water content of leaves after drought stress, and the control condition is normal water.

[0026] A2. Standardized data: The data is standardized to the range of 0-1 using the minimum-maximum normalization method to obtain the standardized trait value i;

[0027] A3, weight: SR weight is 0.4, BMR weight is 0.15, CCRR weight is 0.3, RWC weight is 0.15;

[0028] A4. Calculate the drought resistance index DRI: DRI = Σ(standardized trait value i×weight).

[0029] Preferably, the compound base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials by weight: 200-320 kg of pig manure, 80-130 kg of chicken manure, 50-60 kg of sorghum straw powder, 0.3-0.5 kg of EM bacterial agent and 80-100 kg of 15+15+15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

[0030] Preferably, the exogenous amino acid nitrogen is any one of exogenous glycine, exogenous glutamate, exogenous alanine and exogenous methionine.

[0031] Preferably, the administration concentration of the exogenous amino acid nitrogen is 25.0-40.0 mmol / .

[0032] Preferably, the compound base fertilizer and compound topdressing fertilizer are applied by strip application, hole application or broadcast application, and timely irrigation or rainwater washing is performed after fertilization, while avoiding fertilization on rainy days or when the soil is too wet.

[0033] Beneficial Effects

[0034] The present invention provides a wheat cultivation method for improving the drought resistance of wheat. Compared with the prior art, it has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The wheat cultivation method for improving the drought resistance of wheat uses a multifunctional irrigation mulch film to ensure one-time fertilization and multiple uses to enhance the disease resistance, drought resistance and drought resistance of wheat, and increase wheat yield. Through the reasonable combination and application method of base fertilizer and topdressing, the fertilization efficiency can be improved, the nutrient loss and environmental pollution can be reduced, and the nutrient requirements of wheat at different growth stages can be met. By applying exogenous amino acid nitrogen, the drought resistance of wheat in the seedling stage can be improved.

[0036] 2. This wheat cultivation method for improving wheat drought resistance can more accurately evaluate the yield potential of each pure line material by dividing the wheat into repeated blocks and plots, controlling soil moisture and weed coverage, and implementing a refined topdressing strategy, providing a reliable basis for the final variety selection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the wheat planting method of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the breeding method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] See Figure 1-2 , the present invention provides the following two technical solutions:

[0041] The first embodiment: a wheat cultivation method for improving wheat drought resistance, comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step 1: Breeding screening: In the early stage of breeding, single plants with drought resistance and high yield potential are screened to shorten the breeding cycle. New drought-resistant and high-yield wheat varieties are cultivated through phenotypic screening under drought stress and calculation of drought resistance index;

[0043] Step 2: Land preparation: The land where winter wheat is planned to be planted needs to be fertilized with compound basal fertilizer, and 300-400 ml of 40% simazine suspension per mu should be used for weed control;

[0044] Step 3, sowing: Sowing is carried out from late October to early November, using hole sowing, 2-4 seeds per hole, plant spacing 13-15 cm, row spacing 40-50 cm, after sowing, cover with irrigation film, and cover the edge of the film with 35-50 cm of soil;

[0045] Step 4: Field management: Remove the mulch film 15 days after wheat seedlings emerge, apply exogenous amino acid nitrogen, test soil nutrients and apply fertilizers during the greening and heading stages, and apply a compound topdressing consisting of 55-65 parts of urea, 45-47 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 15 to 20 parts of corn stalks;

[0046] Step 5. Harvest: Wheat is harvested from late May to early June. After threshing and packaging, select high-quality and plump seeds for seed preservation.

[0047] In this embodiment, the compound base fertilizer includes the following raw materials by weight: 200-320 kg of pig manure, 80-130 kg of chicken manure, 50-60 kg of sorghum straw powder, 0.3-0.5 kg of EM bacterial agent and 80-100 kg of 15+15+15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. The fertilization method of the compound base fertilizer and the compound topdressing is strip application, hole application or broadcast application. After fertilization, timely irrigation or rainwater washing is carried out, and fertilization is avoided on rainy days or when the soil is too wet.

[0048] In this embodiment, the exogenous amino acid nitrogen is any one of exogenous glycine, exogenous glutamate, exogenous alanine and exogenous methionine, and the administration concentration of the exogenous amino acid nitrogen is 25.0-40.0 mmol / .

[0049] The second implementation mode: the wheat breeding method comprises:

[0050] S1. Select 5-10 wheat varieties with significant drought resistance and high yield potential as parents, including at least one wild or local variety with excellent drought resistance;

[0051] S2, emasculation of wheat during heading stage, and removal of hybrid plants that do not conform to the characteristics of the parents;

[0052] S3, hybridization is performed to ensure that each parent is hybridized with at least two other parents to obtain F1 generation seeds;

[0053] S4, plant the F1 generation to obtain the F2 generation, then plant the F2 generation again, water only the jointing water in spring, and select plants with moderate plant height and 13-15 ears per plant to obtain the F3 generation;

[0054] S5. Plant the F3 generation under drought stress, use Jimai 22 as the control, select high-resistance pure line materials with drought resistance index more than 3% higher than the control, and move them to the experimental field for cultivation.

[0055] In this embodiment, the drought stress is specifically:

[0056] Four levels of drought stress were simulated in the artificial climate chamber, namely normal, mild, moderate and severe, each level lasting 6-8 days, and the phenotypes of the hybrid offspring were screened. The drought stress setting was as follows:

[0057] A. Normal moisture: Keep soil moisture at 80-90% of field water holding capacity;

[0058] B. Mild drought: maintain soil moisture at 60-70% of field capacity;

[0059] C. Moderate drought: Maintain soil moisture at 40-50% of field capacity;

[0060] D. Severe drought: Maintain soil moisture at 20-30% of field capacity.

[0061] In this embodiment, the calculation steps of the drought resistance index are specifically as follows:

[0062] A1. Measurement of traits: Drought resistance index is evaluated by four traits: survival rate SR, biomass maintenance rate BMR, chlorophyll content maintenance rate CCRR and relative water content RWC. SR is the proportion of plants surviving after drought stress, BMR is the ratio of biomass after drought stress to that under control conditions, CCRR is the ratio of chlorophyll content after drought stress to that under control conditions, RWC is the relative water content of leaves after drought stress, and the control condition is normal water.

[0063] A2. Standardized data: The data is standardized to the range of 0-1 using the minimum-maximum normalization method to obtain the standardized trait value i;

[0064] A3, weight: SR weight is 0.4, BMR weight is 0.15, CCRR weight is 0.3, RWC weight is 0.15;

[0065] A4. Calculate the drought resistance index DRI: DRI = Σ(standardized trait value i×weight).

[0066] Specifically, the drought resistance levels are as follows:

[0067] High resistance: DRI ≥ 0.85;

[0068] Medium resistance: 0.55<DRI<0.85;

[0069] Low resistance: DRI≤0.55.

[0070] In this embodiment, the specific steps of cultivation in the test field include:

[0071] Carefully select 3 to 5 repeated test blocks to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results. Each block is further divided into 10 to 20 plots, and each plot is planted with the same pure line wheat material. This design helps to better observe and analyze the growth characteristics and yield performance of different pure line wheats.

[0072] Before sowing, apply compound base fertilizer at a rate of 230 to 350 kg per mu to ensure that wheat can obtain sufficient nutrients in the early stages of growth. At the same time, level the soil to improve its air permeability and water retention capacity, creating a good soil environment for wheat growth.

[0073] During the growth of wheat, pay close attention to the growth of weeds and ensure that the weed coverage rate is less than 5% to reduce the impact of weeds on wheat growth. In addition, keep the soil moisture between 50% and 60% of the field water holding capacity to ensure that wheat can carry out photosynthesis and nutrient absorption normally;

[0074] In order to meet the nutrient needs of wheat at different growth stages, topdressing operations are carried out. Specific topdressing strategies include: in the early stage of wheat jointing, 20 to 30 kg of urea and 5 to 7 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate are applied per mu to promote the healthy growth of wheat; in the early stage of wheat filling, 50 to 55 kg of 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaves per mu, with an interval of 7 to 10 days between each spraying, and sprayed 1 to 2 times continuously to improve the filling quality and yield of wheat;

[0075] Finally, when the wheat matures, representative blocks are selected for actual harvesting and yield measurement. Through precise measurement and calculation, the yield per unit area of ​​each pure line wheat is obtained, providing a scientific basis for subsequent variety selection and promotion.

[0076] In this embodiment, the present invention sets an example and two comparative examples for testing, wherein the high-resistant pure breed bred according to the above-mentioned seed breeding method in the example is subjected to the above-mentioned test, in comparative example 1, only one wheat variety with significant drought resistance and high yield potential is selected as a parent, wherein the wheat variety is Tobacco Farmer 1212, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1, and comparative example 2 does not perform drought stress, and the selected wheat variety is Tobacco Farmer 1212, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0077] The cold resistance performance index of the embodiment and comparative example 1 is as follows in Table 1:

[0078] project Example Comparative Example 1 SR(%) 98 92 BMR (%) 82 73 CCRR(%) 90 81 RWC(%) 75 69 DRI 0.8519 0.8124

[0079] The examples and comparative examples 1 and 2 were cultivated in the test field, and representative plots were selected for actual yield measurement. The yield per unit area is shown in Table 2:

[0080] project Example Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 <![CDATA[Yield per unit area (kg / m 3 )]]> 0.98 0.92 0.63

[0081] As shown in Table 1, the drought resistance index of the embodiment is 0.8519, which is higher than 0.8124 of Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 1 only selects one wheat variety as a parent, indicating that the drought resistance of wheat can be effectively improved through multi-parent hybridization and drought stress screening.

[0082] As shown in Table 2, the yield per unit area of ​​Example 1 is 0.98 kg / m 3 , higher than 0.92kg / m in Comparative Example 1 3 and 0.63kg / m 3 Comparative Example 2 planted a single wheat variety (Yan Nong 1212), while the embodiment obtained a wheat variety with stronger drought resistance through a breeding method, thereby increasing the yield per unit area. Comparative Example 2 directly used a known wheat variety (Yan Nong 1212), and although Comparative Example 1 also used Yan Nong 1212 as a parent, it performed multi-parent hybridization and drought stress screening, indicating that the same wheat variety can be used as a parent, and the yield potential of wheat can still be further improved through the breeding method of the present invention.

[0083] Meanwhile, the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art, and the model parameters of each electrical appliance are not specifically limited, and conventional equipment can be used.

[0084] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0085] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wheat cultivation method for improving wheat drought resistance, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Breeding screening: In the early stage of breeding, single plants with drought resistance and high yield potential are screened to shorten the breeding cycle. New drought-resistant and high-yield wheat varieties are cultivated through phenotypic screening under drought stress and calculation of drought resistance index; Step 2: Land preparation: The land where winter wheat is planned to be planted needs to be fertilized with compound basal fertilizer, and 300-400 ml of 40% simazine suspension per mu should be used for weed control; Step 3, sowing: Sowing is carried out from late October to early November, using hole sowing, 2-4 seeds per hole, plant spacing 13-15 cm, row spacing 40-50 cm, after sowing, cover with irrigation film, and cover the edge of the film with 35-50 cm of soil; Step 4: Field management: Remove the mulch film 15 days after wheat seedlings emerge, apply exogenous amino acid nitrogen, test soil nutrients and apply fertilizers during the greening and heading stages, and apply a compound topdressing consisting of 55-65 parts of urea, 45-47 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 15 to 20 parts of corn stalks; Step 5. Harvest: Wheat is harvested from late May to early June. After threshing and packaging, select high-quality and plump seeds for seed preservation.

2. A wheat cultivation method for improving drought resistance of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The breeding method comprises: S1. Select 5-10 wheat varieties with significant drought resistance and high yield potential as parents, including at least one wild or local variety with excellent drought resistance; S2, emasculation of wheat during heading stage, and removal of hybrid plants that do not conform to the characteristics of the parents; S3, hybridization is performed to ensure that each parent is hybridized with at least two other parents to obtain F1 generation seeds; S4, plant the F1 generation to obtain the F2 generation, then plant the F2 generation again, water only the jointing water in spring, and select plants with moderate plant height and 13-15 ears per plant to obtain the F3 generation; S5. Plant the F3 generation under drought stress, use Jimai 22 as the control, select high-resistance pure line materials with drought resistance index more than 3% higher than the control, and move them to the experimental field for cultivation.

3. A wheat cultivation method for improving drought resistance of wheat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drought stress specifically includes: Four levels of drought stress were simulated in the artificial climate chamber, namely normal, mild, moderate and severe, each level lasting 6-8 days, and the phenotypes of the hybrid offspring were screened. The drought stress setting was as follows: A. Normal moisture: Keep soil moisture at 80-90% of field water holding capacity; B. Mild drought: maintain soil moisture at 60-70% of field capacity; C. Moderate drought: Maintain soil moisture at 40-50% of field capacity; D. Severe drought: Maintain soil moisture at 20-30% of field capacity.

4. A wheat cultivation method for improving drought resistance of wheat according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calculation steps of the drought resistance index are specifically as follows: A1. Measurement of traits: Drought resistance index is evaluated by four traits: survival rate SR, biomass maintenance rate BMR, chlorophyll content maintenance rate CCRR and relative water content RWC. SR is the proportion of plants surviving after drought stress, BMR is the ratio of biomass after drought stress to that under control conditions, CCRR is the ratio of chlorophyll content after drought stress to that under control conditions, RWC is the relative water content of leaves after drought stress, and the control condition is normal water. A2. Standardized data: The data is standardized to the range of 0-1 using the minimum-maximum normalization method to obtain the standardized trait value i; A3, weight: SR weight is 0.4, BMR weight is 0.15, CCRR weight is 0.3, RWC weight is 0.15; A4. Calculate the drought resistance index DRI: DRI = Σ(standardized trait value i×weight).

5. A wheat cultivation method for improving drought resistance of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound base fertilizer includes the following raw materials by weight: 200-320 kg of pig manure, 80-130 kg of chicken manure, 50-60 kg of sorghum straw powder, 0.3-0.5 kg of EM bacterial agent and 80-100 kg of 15+15+15 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer.

6. A wheat cultivation method for improving drought resistance of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exogenous amino acid nitrogen is any one of exogenous glycine, exogenous glutamic acid, exogenous alanine and exogenous methionine.

7. A wheat cultivation method for improving drought resistance of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The applied concentration of the exogenous amino acid nitrogen is 25.0-40.0 mmol / .

8. A wheat cultivation method for improving drought resistance of wheat according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound base fertilizer and compound topdressing fertilizer are applied by strip application, hole application or broadcast application, and timely irrigation or rainwater washing is performed after fertilization, while fertilization is avoided on rainy days or when the soil is too wet.

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