Annual double-cropping disaster prevention and high yield method for wheat and corn

Abstract

The invention discloses an annual double-cropping disaster prevention and high yield method for wheat and corn. The method comprises the following steps: S1, wheat sowing regular period and sowing land preparation; s2, wheat seed treatment, wherein high-quality seeds are selected and mixed with tebuconazole and imidacloprid; s3, wheat sowing operation, wherein drill sowing is adopted; s4, preparation before corn sowing, wherein corn seeds are soaked with a solution containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria and amino acid before sowing; s5, no-tillage treatment is conducted after wheat harvesting, a specific microorganism straw degradation agent is sprayed, and straw is smashed and scattered during harvesting; s6, corn seed treatment and sowing regular period; s7, corn sowing, wherein a seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing machine is adopted for sowing; s8, corn field management; s9, meteorological disaster prevention; s10, disease and pest control; and S11, soil management. The method is remarkably superior to conventional and other planting methods, the yield and stability are effectively improved, the disaster resistance is enhanced, the water resource utilization rate is increased, a scientific and efficient scheme is provided for annual double cropping planting of wheat and corn, and agricultural sustainable development is assisted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seed and seedling cultivation, in particular to a method for preventing disasters and increasing yields of wheat and corn during the year. Background Art

[0002] In the field of agricultural production, the annual double cropping model of wheat and corn is of great significance for improving land utilization and agricultural output. However, in the actual wheat and corn planting process, there are many challenges and problems, which urgently need effective solutions.

[0003] First, there is a lot of uncertainty in the sowing process. The traditional wheat sowing time is determined by experience, which is often inconsistent with the local climate, soil and variety characteristics. If it is too early, it is easy to grow vigorously before winter and suffer frost damage. If it is too late, the tillering and root development will be affected due to insufficient accumulated temperature, resulting in reduced yield. If the corn sowing time is not arranged in accordance with the wheat maturity, weather forecast and its own accumulated temperature growth period, it is easy to encounter adverse climate in the later growth period, such as low temperature or drought during the filling period, which will cause the grains to be not full and the yield quality to be damaged. Second, the soil fertility management is extensive. Most farmers do not allocate fertilizers according to soil fertility testing, and the nutrients such as fast-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are unbalanced, which affects crop growth and also causes fertilizer waste and environmental pollution. For example, excessive nitrogen fertilizer causes soil compaction and eutrophication of water bodies. The unreasonable application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers causes crop deficiency, stress resistance and yield reduction. In addition, the long-term application of chemical fertilizers alone ignores organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers, which leads to imbalance of soil microbial communities, structural damage, and reduced water and fertilizer retention capacity, which restricts the growth of wheat and corn and the increase of yield. Third, field management lacks systematization and refinement. When sowing wheat, the row spacing, depth, and sowing amount are not accurately controlled, resulting in an unreasonable group structure, poor ventilation and light transmission, increased probability of pests and diseases, and not conducive to mechanized harvesting; in corn planting, the timing and depth of intertillage and weeding are not accurate, which cannot effectively loosen the soil and promote root growth. Tillering and leaf thinning are not in place during the trumpet stage, affecting photosynthesis efficiency and nutrient distribution. In addition, traditional pest and disease control often involves large-scale spraying of chemical agents, which can easily increase pest resistance and reduce natural enemies, resulting in excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products, endangering consumer health and ecological environmental safety. Fourth, the ability to defend against meteorological disasters is weak. Droughts, floods, low temperature frost damage, and high temperature heat damage occur frequently, causing huge losses to the wheat and corn planting system. During droughts, there is a lack of efficient irrigation systems and scientific strategies, and water cannot be supplied accurately according to soil moisture conditions and crop water demand models, resulting in low water utilization efficiency, which causes crops to suffer from drought and reduce yields. During floods, drainage facilities are not perfect and cannot remove accumulated water in time, causing crop roots to lack of oxygen and rot, resulting in large-scale death. Traditional defense measures against low temperature frost damage to wheat during the winter and high temperature heat damage to corn during the growing season are single and limited, and it is difficult to ensure normal growth and stable yield of crops under extreme climates.

[0004] In summary, in order to achieve high-yield, stable and sustainable development of wheat and corn double-cropping throughout the year, there is an urgent need for a disaster prevention and high-yield method that comprehensively considers meteorological conditions, soil, variety characteristics and fine management of each production link, so as to overcome the many shortcomings of existing technologies, improve agricultural production benefits and resource utilization efficiency, ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products and promote the development of ecologically friendly agriculture. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a disaster prevention and high-yield method for wheat and corn double-harvesting throughout the year.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The method for preventing disasters and achieving high yields of wheat and corn during the year includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Wheat sowing is scheduled and land is prepared for sowing. The sowing time is determined based on the local meteorological data, soil temperature and humidity, and wheat variety characteristics over the past 30 years. In specific areas such as North China, when the average temperature and soil moisture content in autumn reach the corresponding range, the sowing time is determined to be October 5-October 10 in combination with the requirements of vernalization, with an accuracy of ±3 days. The land is prepared and basal fertilizer is applied by combining deep tillage and rotary tillage. The type and amount of fertilizer are determined based on the results of soil fertility testing. When the available nitrogen is lower than 80 mg / kg, urea is applied at 15-20 kg / mu, and organic fertilizer and part of the phosphate fertilizer are applied deep in the 15-20 cm soil layer, and nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied in layers;

[0009] S2. Treatment of wheat seeds: select high-quality seeds and mix them with tebuconazole and imidacloprid at 0.2%-0.3% by weight of seeds and imidacloprid at 0.1%-0.2% by weight of seeds to prevent and control diseases and insect pests at the seedling stage;

[0010] S3. Wheat sowing operation, adopting row sowing, with the row spacing of the seeder set to 15-20 cm, the depth to 3-5 cm, and the sowing amount determined to be 10-15 kg / mu according to the variety and soil fertility, to ensure that the sowing uniformity reaches more than 95%; after sowing, the soil is pressed with a pressing wheel according to the soil moisture conditions, with a pressure of 100-150 kPa when the soil moisture conditions are good, and 200-250 kPa when the soil moisture conditions are poor, and the soil moisture is monitored by TDR through the soil moisture monitoring equipment installed in the field, and irrigation and water replenishment are started when the moisture content is lower than 60% and continues to decline;

[0011] S4. Preparation before corn sowing: Soak corn seeds in a solution containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria and amino acids for 2-3 hours before sowing, remove and dry before sowing. The sowing time is determined to be within 3-7 days after wheat harvest based on wheat maturity index, weather forecast data, and corn variety accumulated temperature and growth period parameters;

[0012] S5. No-tillage treatment after wheat harvest: spray specific microbial straw degrading agent 7-10 days before wheat harvest, and crush the straw into 5-10 cm and scatter it during harvest;

[0013] S6. Corn seed treatment and sowing are regular. Before sowing, corn seeds are soaked in a solution containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria and amino acids for 2-3 hours, and then sown after being fished out and dried. The sowing time is determined to be within 3-7 days after wheat harvest based on wheat maturity indicators, weather forecast data, and corn variety accumulated temperature and growth period parameters;

[0014] S7. For corn sowing, use a seed and fertilizer sowing machine for sowing. The amount of slow-release compound fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer is determined according to the soil available nitrogen content. For example, when nitrogen is lower than 100 mg / kg, 20-30 kg / mu of compound fertilizer is applied. The fertilizer is applied 3-5 cm below the side of the seed and at a depth of 3-5 cm. The row spacing is adjusted to 40-60 cm according to the variety, and the control accuracy is within ±5%;

[0015] S8. Corn field management: carry out intertillage and weeding at a depth of 3-5 cm when the corn leaves are 3-5 and 7-9 respectively, loosen the soil to promote root growth, and remove tillers and thin leaves when the corn leaves are large to ensure ventilation and light transmission, and improve photosynthetic efficiency;

[0016] S9. Meteorological disaster prevention: In drought, a combination of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation system is used. The drip irrigation flow is adjusted according to the soil moisture and water demand model. Sprinkler irrigation is used for cooling when the temperature is high and drought and the soil moisture is scarce. At the same time, a rainwater collection and reuse system is built to increase the irrigation self-sufficiency rate by 30%-40%. In floods, a high-standard drainage system is built, including drainage ditches and pump stations of different specifications, and the drainage gates are adjustable. In the case of low temperature frost damage, a heat preservation shed is built during the wintering period of wheat. In the case of high temperature heat damage, a sunshade net is built during the corn growing season, which can reduce the impact of disasters and improve the frost resistance of wheat and corn yield respectively;

[0017] S10. Pest and disease control: lay insect nets around and inside the fields. Use 40-60 mesh insect nets. Bury the edges of the insect nets about 20-30 cm deep in the soil and compact them with soil to prevent pests from drilling in from the bottom. Use professional equipment such as backpack sprayers or motorized sprayers for spraying. Ensure that the spray is even and detailed. The nozzle should be about 30-50 cm away from the crop and move at a suitable walking speed.

[0018] S11. Soil management: apply more organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer to improve the soil, and adjust the soil pH by applying lime or sulfur powder to make the soil pH appropriate.

[0019] Preferably, after the wheat seeds are mixed in step S2, they need to be stored in an environment with a temperature of 10-20° C. and a relative humidity of 40%-60% before sowing.

[0020] Preferably, when determining the sowing time in step S1, the average temperature in autumn ranges from 15°C to 20°C, and the soil moisture content ranges from 18% to 22%.

[0021] Preferably, in step S1, when the available nitrogen in the soil is less than 80 mg / kg, the urea application rate is 15-20 kg / mu, the organic fertilizer application rate is not less than 1000 kg / mu, and the phosphate fertilizer application rate is 40-50 kg / mu, wherein the organic fertilizer and 60%-70% of the phosphate fertilizer are applied deeply to the 15-20 cm soil layer, and the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied in layers at a ratio of 3:2, with 40% of the total amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers applied to the upper layer of 0-10 cm, and 60% of the total amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers applied to the lower layer of 10-20 cm.

[0022] Preferably, in step S3, the sowing depth error is controlled within ±1 cm, the row spacing error is controlled within ±2 cm, and the sowing amount error is controlled within ±3%.

[0023] Preferably, in step S4, the corn seeds are soaked in a solution containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria at a concentration of 1×10^6-5×10^6 / ml and an amino acid content of 10%-15% for 2-3 hours.

[0024] Preferably, the meteorological forecast data in steps S4 and S6 requires that there will be no rainfall for more than 3 consecutive days in the next 7 days and the average temperature will be stable at 20°C-25°C.

[0025] Preferably, in step S7, when the soil available nitrogen is lower than 100 mg / kg, 20-30 kg / mu of compound fertilizer and 50-80 kg / mu of bio-organic fertilizer are applied, the lateral spacing error of seed fertilizer does not exceed ±2 cm, and the fertilization depth error does not exceed ±1 cm.

[0026] Preferably, after the tillage and weeding in step S8, the soil bulk density decreases by 10%-15%, the soil porosity increases by 15%-20%, and the root dry weight of the corn root system in the 0-20 cm soil layer increases by 20%-30%.

[0027] Preferably, in step S9, during drought, the drip irrigation flow rate is 10-20 liters / hour, the sprinkler irrigation intensity is 10-15 mm / hour, and the collection area of ​​the rainwater collection and reuse system is not less than 30% of the planting area; during floods, the main drainage ditch is 1-1.5 meters deep and 2-3 meters wide, the branch drainage ditch is 0.5-1 meter deep and 1-2 meters wide, the pump station drainage flow rate is determined to be 50-100 cubic meters / hour according to the planting area, and the drainage gate is adjustable with an adjustment accuracy of ±10%; during low temperature frost damage, the temperature in the insulation shed during the wintering period of wheat is 3°C-5°C higher than that outside the shed, and during high temperature heat damage, the shading rate of the shading net during the growing season of corn is 40%-60%, so that the wheat frost damage loss rate is reduced by 50%-60%, and the corn high temperature heat damage yield reduction rate is reduced by 30%-40%.

[0028] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The present invention accurately determines the wheat sowing time by integrating multi-source data, and the wheat sowing is adapted to the climate, soil, and variety characteristics, avoiding the growth obstacles and yield fluctuations caused by too early or too late sowing, and greatly reducing the threat of pre-winter frost damage and adverse climate in the late growth period. At the same time, the row spacing, depth and sowing amount of wheat sowing are finely regulated, and corn is accurately managed according to the growth period, optimizing the group structure and growth microenvironment, wheat seedlings are neat, the proportion of strong seedlings before winter is good, the corn yield potential is improved, the group structure is reasonable and the root system is strong, laying a solid foundation for the annual high yield of wheat and corn, and building an efficient and stable production system.

[0030] 2. The present invention accurately allocates fertilizers based on the results of soil fertility testing, and applies fertilizers in layers, quantitatively, and in a targeted manner, so that wheat and corn can obtain sufficient and balanced nutrient supply during the critical growth period, significantly improve fertilizer utilization, reduce fertilizer waste and environmental pollution, and enhance crop resistance. For example, the nitrogen content of wheat is increased during the jointing period, and fertilizers are efficiently used during the corn seedling period, which effectively resists various meteorological disasters and pests and diseases, and provides internal guarantees for achieving high yields. At the same time, organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers are added and soil pH is adjusted, soil texture and microbial ecology are improved, soil water storage and fertilizer retention and ventilation and water permeability are enhanced, a good growth environment is created for crop roots, the overall disaster resistance of crops is improved, nutrient absorption and conversion are promoted, and stable support is provided for the high yield of wheat and corn throughout the year.

[0031] 3. The present invention builds a complete defense network against pests and meteorological disasters. The physical barrier of the insect-proof net is combined with the seed agent treatment and standardized spraying operation to prevent and control pests in an all-round way, greatly reduce the probability of pests and diseases, reduce dependence on pesticides, ensure the green safety of agricultural products, and sharply reduce wheat seedling pests and diseases, and germination is not affected. In response to drought, floods, low temperature frost damage and high temperature heat damage, efficient irrigation and drainage systems are established, and insulation sheds and sunshade nets are built to accurately respond to different disaster scenarios, timely adjust the water and heat conditions in the field, effectively alleviate disaster pressure, significantly reduce crop losses, ensure safe wintering of wheat, and normal growth of corn under high temperatures, effectively guaranteeing a stable and bumper yield of wheat and corn throughout the year.

[0032] 4. The present invention integrates the above-mentioned precise farming operations, scientific fertilization and soil maintenance, and all-round protection system and other multi-dimensional measures to form a set of mutually coordinated and virtuous cycle wheat and corn year-round double-cropping planting mode. This model not only achieves disaster prevention and high yields in the current season, but also continuously improves land productivity and ecological stability through soil improvement and ecological balance maintenance, reduces excessive resource consumption and environmental damage, provides solid support for the long-term high and stable yield of wheat and corn planting, promotes the harmonious coexistence of agricultural production and the ecological environment, and ensures the sustainable development and prosperity of the wheat and corn planting industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1The wheat yield change diagram of the G test field, the H test field and the I test field in different years in Example 3;

[0034] Figure 2 The corn yield change diagram of the G test field, the H test field and the I test field in different years in Example 3;

[0035] Figure 3 The actual irrigation amount changes of the G test field, the H test field and the I test field in different years in Example 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0037] The method for preventing disasters and achieving high yields of wheat and corn during the year includes the following steps:

[0038] S1. Wheat sowing is carried out regularly with the preparation of sowing land. The sowing time is determined based on the local meteorological, soil temperature and humidity data and wheat variety characteristics in the past 30 years. In specific areas such as North China, when the average autumn temperature and soil moisture content reach the corresponding range, the sowing time is determined to be October 5-October 10 in combination with the requirements of vernalization, with an accuracy of ±3 days. When determining the sowing time, the average autumn temperature range is 15℃-20℃, and the soil moisture content range is 18%-22%. Within this sowing time range, the wheat germination rate can reach more than 90%, and the proportion of strong seedlings before winter is not less than 80%; deep ploughing and rotary tillage are used to prepare the land and apply basal fertilizer. The type and amount of fertilizer are determined according to the soil fertility test results. Quick-acting When nitrogen is lower than 80 mg / kg, urea is applied at 15-20 kg / mu, and organic fertilizer and part of phosphate fertilizer are applied deep in the 15-20 cm soil layer, and nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied in layers. When the available nitrogen in the soil is lower than 80 mg / kg, the urea application rate is 15-20 kg / mu, and the organic fertilizer application rate is not less than 1000 kg / mu, and the phosphate fertilizer application rate is 40-50 kg / mu, of which organic fertilizer and 60%-70% of phosphate fertilizer are applied deep in the 15-20 cm soil layer, and nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied in layers at a ratio of 3:2, 40% of the total nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied in the upper 0-10 cm layer, and 60% of the total nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied in the lower 10-20 cm layer, which can increase the nitrogen content of wheat plants by 10%-15% at the jointing stage;

[0039] S2. Treatment of wheat seeds: select high-quality seeds and mix them with tebuconazole and imidacloprid at 0.2%-0.3% by weight of seeds and imidacloprid at 0.1%-0.2% by weight of seeds to prevent and control diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage. After dressing, wheat seeds should be stored in an environment with a temperature of 10-20°C and a relative humidity of 40%-60% before sowing;

[0040] S3. Wheat sowing operation, adopting row sowing, the row spacing of the seeder is set to 15-20 cm, the depth is 3-5 cm, the sowing amount is determined to be 10-15 kg / mu according to the variety and soil fertility, and the sowing uniformity is guaranteed to reach more than 95%. During sowing, the depth error is controlled within ±1 cm, the row spacing error is controlled within ±2 cm, and the sowing amount error is controlled within ±3%, so that the coefficient of variation of the number of tillers in the wheat population structure during the emergence period does not exceed 10%; after sowing, the soil is pressed with a pressing wheel according to the soil moisture conditions, the pressure is 100-150 kPa when the soil moisture conditions are good, and 200-250 kPa when the soil moisture conditions are poor, and the soil moisture is monitored by TDR through the soil moisture monitoring equipment installed in the field, and irrigation and water replenishment are started when the moisture content is lower than 60% and continues to decline;

[0041] S4. Preparation before corn sowing. Before sowing, corn seeds are soaked in a solution containing 1×10^6-5×10^6 nitrogen-fixing bacteria / ml and 10%-15% amino acid content for 2-3 hours, and then taken out and dried before sowing. After this treatment, the germination potential of corn seeds can be increased by 15%-20%, and the root length of seedlings can be increased by 20%-30%. The sowing time is determined to be within 3-7 days after wheat harvest based on wheat maturity indicators, meteorological forecast data, and accumulated temperature and growth period parameters of corn varieties. Meteorological forecast data requires that there will be no continuous rainfall for more than 3 days in the next 7 days and the average temperature will be stable at 20℃-25℃;

[0042] S5. No-tillage treatment after wheat harvest: spray specific microbial straw degrading agent 7-10 days before wheat harvest, and crush the straw into 5-10 cm and scatter it during harvest;

[0043] S6. Corn seed treatment and sowing are regular. Before sowing, corn seeds should be soaked in a solution containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria and amino acids for 2-3 hours, and then sown after being fished out and dried. The sowing time should be determined within 3-7 days after wheat harvest based on wheat maturity indicators, meteorological forecast data, and corn variety accumulated temperature and growth period parameters. Meteorological forecast data requires that there will be no continuous rainfall for more than 3 days in the next 7 days and the average temperature should be stable at 20℃-25℃;

[0044] S7. For corn sowing, a seed and fertilizer sowing machine is used for sowing. The amount of slow-release compound fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer is determined according to the soil available nitrogen content. For example, when the nitrogen content is lower than 100 mg / kg, 20-30 kg / mu of compound fertilizer and 50-80 kg / mu of bio-organic fertilizer are applied. The error of the horizontal spacing between seeds and fertilizers shall not exceed ±2 cm, and the error of the fertilization depth shall not exceed ±1 cm. Fertilizer is applied 3-5 cm below the side of the seed and at a depth of 3-5 cm. The row spacing is adjusted to 40-60 cm according to the variety, and the control accuracy is within ±5%. This can increase the fertilizer utilization rate of corn in the seedling stage by 20%-30%;

[0045] S8. Field management of corn: carry out intertillage and weeding at a depth of 3-5 cm at the 3-5 leaf stage and 7-9 leaf stage, respectively, to loosen the soil and promote root growth; remove tillers and thin leaves at the corn flaring stage to ensure ventilation and light transmission and improve photosynthetic efficiency. After tillage and weeding, soil bulk density is reduced by 10%-15%, soil porosity is increased by 15%-20%, and the root dry weight of corn roots in the 0-20 cm soil layer is increased by 20%-30%;

[0046] S9. Meteorological disaster prevention: In drought, a combination of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation system is used. The drip irrigation flow is adjusted according to the soil moisture and water demand model. Sprinkler irrigation is used for cooling when the temperature is high and drought and the soil moisture is scarce. At the same time, a rainwater collection and reuse system is built to increase the irrigation self-sufficiency rate by 30%-40%. In drought, the drip irrigation flow is 10-20 liters / hour, the sprinkler irrigation intensity is 10-15 mm / hour, and the rainwater collection and reuse system collects no less than 30% of the planting area. In floods, a high-standard drainage system is built, including drainage ditches and pump stations of different specifications. The drainage gates are adjustable, and the drainage ditch depth is 1-1.5 meters and the width is 1.5 meters. 2-3 meters, the depth of the branch drainage ditch is 0.5-1 meter, and the width is 1-2 meters. The drainage flow of the pump station is determined to be 50-100 cubic meters / hour according to the planting area. The drainage gate is adjustable with an adjustment accuracy of ±10%; in the case of low temperature frost damage, a heat preservation shed is built during the wintering period of wheat, and the temperature inside the heat preservation shed is 3℃-5℃ higher than that outside the shed; in the case of high temperature heat damage, a sunshade net is built during the corn growing season, and the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is 40%-60%, which reduces the loss rate of wheat frost damage by 50%-60%, and reduces the yield reduction rate of corn high temperature heat damage by 30%-40%, which can reduce the impact of disasters and improve wheat frost resistance and corn yield;

[0047] S10. Pest and disease control: lay insect nets around and inside the fields. Use 40-60 mesh insect nets. Bury the edges of the insect nets about 20-30 cm deep in the soil and compact them with soil to prevent pests from drilling in from the bottom. Use professional equipment such as backpack sprayers or motorized sprayers for spraying. Ensure that the spray is even and detailed. The nozzle should be about 30-50 cm away from the crop and move at a suitable walking speed.

[0048] S11. Soil management: apply more organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer to improve the soil, and adjust the soil pH by applying lime or sulfur powder to make the soil pH appropriate.

[0049] Embodiment 1:

[0050] Three rectangular experimental fields with an area of ​​5 mu each, similar soil fertility (available nitrogen content of about 75 mg / kg, available phosphorus content of about 32 mg / kg, available potassium content of about 115 mg / kg) and adjacent geographical locations were selected and marked as A, B, and C respectively.

[0051] The three test fields were uniformly tilled to 23 cm deep and then 16 cm rotary tillage, and basal fertilizer was applied. Among them, urea was applied at 17 kg / mu, organic fertilizer (rotted farmyard manure) was applied at 1,100 kg / mu, superphosphate (phosphorus content 13%) was applied at 43 kg / mu, organic fertilizer and 63% phosphate fertilizer were applied deep to the 17 cm soil layer, and nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were applied in layers at a ratio of 3:2, with 42% of the total nitrogen and potassium fertilizers applied to the upper layer (0-10 cm) and 58% of the total nitrogen and potassium fertilizers applied to the lower layer (10-20 cm).

[0052] The high-quality wheat variety "Jimai 22" was selected, and seeds were mixed with 0.23% of tebuconazole and 0.13% of imidacloprid at the seed weight to prevent and control diseases and pests in the seedling stage.

[0053] The seeders are all 2BFG-6 grain seeders, with a row spacing of 17 cm, a depth of 3.8 cm, and a seeding rate of 11.5 kg / mu, ensuring that the seeding uniformity reaches more than 95%. After sowing, the soil is pressed with a pressing wheel according to the soil moisture conditions. When the soil moisture conditions are good, the pressure is 110 kPa, and when the soil moisture conditions are poor, it is 210 kPa. The soil moisture is monitored by TDR through the soil moisture monitoring equipment (model: SWR-2) installed in the field. When the moisture content is lower than 60% and continues to decline, irrigation and water replenishment are started.

[0054] The difference lies in the wheat sowing time. Experimental Field A was sown on October 2 according to conventional experience; Experimental Field B was sown on October 7 based on local meteorological, soil temperature and humidity and wheat variety characteristics data over the past 30 years; and Experimental Field C was sown on October 13.

[0055] During the wheat growth process, the growth conditions at different growth stages were observed and recorded regularly (every 7 days). The wheat germination rate was observed and recorded at the seedling stage, the wheat strong seedling rate and the average number of tillers per plant were observed and recorded at the tillering stage before winter, and the wheat plant height was observed and recorded at the jointing stage. The results are shown in the following table:

[0056] Table 1: Observation record of growth status of wheat at different growth stages in Example 1

[0057]

[0058] After harvest, wheat yield and quality indicators are counted, among which the quality indicator is thousand-grain weight. The specific statistical results are shown in the following table:

[0059] Table 2: Statistical table of wheat yield and quality indicators in Example 1

[0060] Experimental Field Yield (kg / mu) Thousand-grain weight (g) A 420 39 B 530 43 C 370 36

[0061] According to Table 1 and Table 2, the seeding time of Experimental Field B was determined based on accurate data, and its emergence rate was as high as 93%, significantly higher than 82% of Experimental Field A and 78% of Experimental Field C. This shows that under suitable climate, soil temperature and humidity conditions, and in combination with the characteristics of wheat varieties, determining the sowing time can provide a more favorable environment for wheat seed germination and promote rapid and uniform seed emergence. However, the early sowing of Experimental Field A may have affected the water absorption, expansion and germination process of the seeds due to factors such as high temperature and rapid loss of soil moisture; the late sowing of Experimental Field C may have caused slow seed germination and uneven emergence due to insufficient accumulated temperature.

[0062] The proportion of strong seedlings before winter was significantly different in different test fields. The proportion of strong seedlings before winter in the B test field reached 85%, with an average of 5.4 tillers per plant. In comparison, the proportion of strong seedlings before winter in the A test field was only 63%, with an average of 3.6 tillers per plant, and the proportion of strong seedlings before winter in the C test field was 53%, with an average of 2.7 tillers per plant. The wheat in the B test field, which was precisely sown, was able to make full use of light and heat resources for tillering growth before winter, forming strong seedlings, laying a solid foundation for growth and development in the spring of the following year. The A test field was sown too early, grew too vigorously before winter, consumed too many nutrients, and was not conducive to the formation of strong seedlings; the C test field was sown too late, and the insufficient accumulated temperature limited the production and growth of tillers, making it difficult to cultivate strong seedlings before winter.

[0063] According to the plant height data at the jointing stage, the plant height of the B test field is 28.2 cm, which is significantly higher than the 22.4 cm of the A test field and the 20.6 cm of the C test field. This further shows that precision sowing helps wheat grow according to the normal growth and development rhythm, avoiding growth stunting or abnormal growth due to improper sowing time. The appropriate sowing time enables wheat to obtain sufficient light, temperature, water, fertilizer and other resources at each growth stage, ensuring the normal growth and morphological formation of the plant.

[0064] In terms of yield, the wheat yield of the B test field reached 530 kg / mu, and the thousand-grain weight was 43 grams, while the yield of the A test field was 420 kg / mu, and the thousand-grain weight was 39 grams, and the yield of the C test field was only 370 kg / mu, and the thousand-grain weight was 36 grams. The precision-seeded B test field performed well in both yield and quality. Its higher thousand-grain weight reflected the good fullness of the grains, which was closely related to the formation of strong seedlings before winter, the normal growth and development process, and the good accumulation of photosynthetic products in the later period. The A test field had abnormal growth before winter, which affected the overall growth process and nutrient accumulation, resulting in a decrease in yield and quality; the C test field had insufficient accumulated temperature and insufficient filling, which reduced the thousand-grain weight and significantly reduced yield.

[0065] In summary, the data of Example 1 fully proves that according to the method proposed in the present invention, determining the wheat sowing time based on the local meteorological, soil temperature and humidity and wheat variety characteristic data in the past 30 years plays an extremely critical role in improving the emergence rate of wheat, cultivating strong seedlings before winter, promoting growth and development, and improving yield and quality. This conclusion provides a scientific basis and strong support for the reasonable arrangement of wheat sowing time in the wheat and corn year-round double-cropping planting model, which helps growers optimize agricultural operations in actual production, achieve high-quality and high-yield wheat, and create good conditions for the subsequent growth of corn, ultimately improving the production benefits and resource utilization efficiency of the entire wheat and corn year-round double-cropping planting system.

[0066] Embodiment 2:

[0067] Three adjacent corn experimental fields with an area of ​​4 mu each and similar soil conditions (the soil texture is loam, the organic matter content is about 1.9%, and the available nitrogen content is about 95 mg / kg) were prepared and were named D, E, and F respectively.

[0068] After wheat harvest, no-tillage treatment was carried out in the three experimental fields, that is, specific microbial straw degraders (effective live bacteria count ≥ 220 million / g) were sprayed 8 days before wheat harvest, and the straw was crushed to 7 cm and scattered during harvest.

[0069] All corn seeds are "Zhengdan 958". Before sowing, they are soaked in a solution containing 2.5×10^6 nitrogen-fixing bacteria / ml and 11% amino acid content for 2.3 hours. They are then taken out and dried before sowing. The sowing time is determined to be within 4 days after wheat harvest based on wheat maturity indicators, meteorological forecast data, and the accumulated temperature and growth period parameters of the corn varieties.

[0070] The 2BYF-4 corn seed and fertilizer planter was used for sowing. The sowing row spacing was adjusted to 48 cm according to the variety, and the control accuracy was within ±5%. The fertilizer was applied 3.8 cm below the seed side and 3.8 cm deep. The difference was the amount of fertilizer applied. When the available nitrogen in the soil of the D test field was lower than 100 mg / kg, the compound fertilizer (N:P:K=17:13:11) was applied at 16 kg / mu, and the bio-organic fertilizer (effective live bacteria count ≥ 0.6 billion / g) was applied at 43 kg / mu; the compound fertilizer in the E test field was applied at 23 kg / mu, and the bio-organic fertilizer was applied at 58 kg / mu (according to the precise amount of fertilizer applied); the compound fertilizer in the F test field was applied at 33 kg / mu, and the bio-organic fertilizer was applied at 85 kg / mu.

[0071] During the growth period of corn, the growth and development indicators of corn were monitored every 10 days, including: monitoring and recording the height of corn plants and the number of leaves in the seedling stage, monitoring the status of corn leaves in the trumpet stage, and monitoring and recording the length of corn ears, the number of grains per ear, and the length of the bald tip in the harvest stage. The specific monitoring data are shown in the following table:

[0072] Table 3: Corn growth and development index record table in Example 2

[0073]

[0074] The corn yield and quality indicators are counted at harvest time, among which the quality indicators are bulk density, moisture and imperfect kernels. The specific statistical results are shown in the following table:

[0075] Table 4: Statistics of corn yield and quality indicators in Example 2

[0076]

[0077] Combined with Tables 4 and 5, the difference in fertilizer application significantly affected the growth of corn during the seedling stage. In the E test field, the seeds and fertilizers were sown at the same time according to the precise fertilizer application amount. The height of the corn plant reached 34.4 cm and the number of leaves was 13.2, showing a good growth trend. In contrast, due to insufficient fertilizer application, the plant height of the D test field was only 23.3 cm and the number of leaves was 9.5. The corn grew slowly, the plants were short, and the number of leaves was small. This shows that the content of nutrients such as fast-acting nitrogen in the soil failed to meet the needs of rapid growth of corn seedlings, limiting cell division and plant nutritional growth. In the F test field, the amount of fertilizer was too much. Although the plant height reached 39.2 cm and the number of leaves was 15.5, there was a slight phenomenon of leggy growth, indicating that excessive fertilization destroyed the nutritional balance inside the corn plant, resulting in excessive nutritional growth, which may affect the reproductive growth and lodging resistance in the later stage.

[0078] At the harvest period, there were obvious differences in ear development indicators in the experimental fields with different fertilization amounts. The ear length of the E experimental field was 22 cm, the number of grains per ear was 453, and the length of the bald tip was 1.7 cm, showing good ear development. This was due to the precise fertilization that provided appropriate nutrient supply for corn ear differentiation and grain formation, ensuring the normal growth of the ear and the full development of the grain. Due to insufficient fertilization, the ear length of the D experimental field was only 17.6 cm, the number of grains per ear was 330, and the length of the bald tip was 2.8 cm. The ear was poorly developed, the number of grains was small, and the bald tip phenomenon was serious, indicating that nutrient deficiency restricted the elongation of the ear and the differentiation of florets, resulting in insufficient grain filling. The ear length of the F experimental field was 20 cm, the number of grains per ear was 378, and the length of the bald tip was 3.9 cm. Although the amount of fertilizer was high, the ear development did not reach the optimal state due to nutrient imbalance. Instead, the nutrient distribution was unreasonable due to excessive growth, which affected the number of grains per ear and the fullness of the grains.

[0079] Yield data showed that the E test field had the highest yield, reaching 630 kg / mu. This was because precision fertilization promoted the growth and development of corn at all growth stages, improved photosynthetic efficiency, increased dry matter accumulation, and optimized yield components. The yield of the D test field was only 470 kg / mu, and insufficient fertilization seriously restricted the growth and yield formation of corn. The yield of the F test field was 520 kg / mu. Despite the high amount of fertilizer, a series of growth problems caused by excess nutrients led to a lower yield than the E test field with precision fertilization. In terms of quality, the difference in fertilizer application was also reflected. For example, from the perspective of crude protein content, the E experimental field may have a relatively high crude protein content (assumed to be 9.0%-10.0%) due to reasonable fertilization to ensure the effective supply and balance of nutrients such as nitrogen, which is beneficial to improving the nutritional value and processing quality of corn. The D experimental field has a relatively low crude protein content (7.5%-8.5%) due to nutrient deficiency, and the quality has declined. The F experimental field has abnormal plant growth due to excessive fertilization, and the crude protein content is also affected (8.0%-9.0%), and the quality stability of corn may be further affected by factors such as the increased incidence of diseases and insect pests.

[0080] Through soil nutrient testing and plant nutrient absorption analysis, it can be seen that the fertilizer utilization rate of corn in the E test field during the seedling stage increased by about 23%. This shows that precise fertilization can enable nutrients in fertilizers to be more effectively absorbed and utilized by corn plants, reducing fertilizer waste and the negative impact on the environment caused by improper fertilization. The D test field did not apply enough fertilizer, and the fertilizer utilization rate was relatively low, which could not meet the growth needs of corn; the F test field applied too much fertilizer, which not only reduced the fertilizer utilization rate, but also caused soil nutrient imbalance and increased environmental pollution risks.

[0081] In summary, the data of Example 2 clearly show that the precise fertilization method of determining the amount of slow-release compound fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer according to the available nitrogen content in the soil plays a vital role in the growth and development of corn, ear formation, yield and quality improvement, and fertilizer utilization rate improvement. The rational fertilization using the method proposed in the present invention can provide a balanced nutrient supply for corn, promote its healthy growth at various growth stages, optimize yield components, improve the quality and commercial value of corn, and reduce fertilizer waste and environmental pollution. It provides a scientific fertilization strategy basis for the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of corn in the wheat and corn year-round double-cropping system, which helps growers to achieve precise fertilization management in actual production and improve agricultural production efficiency and sustainability.

[0082] Embodiment three:

[0083] Three wheat-corn rotation experimental fields with an area of ​​6 mu each, similar terrain (altitude difference within 1.5 meters) and similar planting conditions (soil type is tidal soil with medium fertility) were divided and numbered G, H, and I.

[0084] The wheat sowing schedule and sowing land preparation, seed treatment, sowing operation, and corn sowing preparation, seed treatment and sowing schedule were all operated according to standard procedures in the three experimental fields to ensure that all parameters were consistent. The details are as follows:

[0085] When sowing wheat, the seeds were sown on October 6 according to local meteorological and soil data. The land was prepared and base fertilizer was applied by combining deep plowing and rotary tillage. High-quality seeds were selected and mixed with seeds. Then they were sown with a drill. The row spacing was 16.5 cm, the depth was 3.6 cm, the sowing amount was 12.5 kg / mu, and the soil was compacted according to the soil moisture conditions after sowing.

[0086] Before sowing corn seeds, soak them in a solution containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria and amino acids. Then, sow them within 3 days after wheat harvest. Use a seed and fertilizer seeder to sow them. Determine the amount of fertilizer based on soil fertility and apply it accurately.

[0087] In terms of meteorological disaster prevention, the G test field only uses conventional irrigation and drainage facilities, that is, irrigation is done in a flooding manner, with no rainwater collection and reuse system; drainage relies on simple earth ditches, about 0.4 meters deep and 0.8 meters wide, without pump stations and adjustable drainage gates. There are no additional drought, flood, low temperature frost damage, and high temperature heat damage prevention measures.

[0088] The H test field follows the meteorological disaster defense method of the present invention, that is, a combination of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation system is used in drought, the drip irrigation flow is 13 liters / hour (adjusted according to soil moisture and water demand model), sprinkler irrigation is enabled when the temperature is high and drought and soil moisture is scarce, the sprinkler intensity is 11 mm / hour, and a rainwater collection and reuse system is built at the same time, the collection area is 33% of the planting area, and the irrigation self-sufficiency rate can be increased by about 33%; a high-standard drainage system is constructed in floods, the main drainage ditch is 1.1 meters deep and 2.3 meters wide, the branch drainage ditch is 0.7 meters deep and 1.3 meters wide, the pump station drainage flow is determined to be 70 cubic meters / hour according to the planting area, the drainage gate is adjustable, and the adjustment accuracy is ±10%; in the case of low temperature frost damage, a heat preservation shed is built during the wintering period of wheat, and the temperature inside the shed is about 3.5°C higher than that outside the shed; in the case of high temperature heat damage, a sunshade net is built during the growing season of corn, and the sunshade rate is about 45%.

[0089] The I experimental field adopts a simple meteorological disaster prevention measure. In drought, it only relies on manual observation of soil moisture for irrigation. There is no drip irrigation system and the sprinkler irrigation equipment is simple. The sprinkler irrigation intensity is unstable and fluctuates between 7-13 mm / hour. There is no rainwater collection and reuse system. In floods, the drainage system is only a deepened earth ditch with a depth of about 0.5 meters and a width of about 1.0 meters. There is no pump station, and the drainage gate is a simple wooden gate, which is inconvenient to adjust. In low temperature frost damage, simple covering materials (such as straw mats) are used for insulation, but the insulation effect is limited, and the temperature inside the shed is about 1.5℃ higher than that outside the shed. In high temperature heat damage, sparse shade nets are used, and the shading rate is about 25%.

[0090] Three annual growth cycles of wheat and corn were observed, of which the first year was a drought year, the second year was a flood year, and the third year was a year of high temperature heat damage in spring and summer and low temperature frost damage in autumn and winter. In the drought year, the growth status, disaster situation, yield changes, and actual irrigation amount of crops in the three experimental fields under different meteorological conditions were recorded. The specific record results are shown in Figure 1-2 .

[0091] Reference Figure 1 It is not difficult to see that the wheat yield of the H test field, which adopts the meteorological disaster prevention method of the present invention, is relatively stable in three years, which are 728kg / mu, 757kg / mu and 676kg / mu respectively, with a small fluctuation range. This is due to its complete drought, flood, low temperature frost damage and high temperature heat damage defense system, which can effectively respond to various meteorological disasters, reduce yield losses, and provide a relatively stable environment for wheat growth.

[0092] In contrast, the G experimental field only used conventional facilities, and the yield fluctuated greatly, from 465kg / mu in the first year to 392kg / mu in the third year. When encountering meteorological disasters such as drought, floods, and low temperature frost damage, the wheat yield dropped sharply due to the lack of effective defense measures, such as low water utilization efficiency due to flooding, waterlogging caused by poor drainage, and simple insulation measures that could not withstand low temperatures, which seriously affected production efficiency and planting stability.

[0093] The I test field adopted simple meteorological disaster prevention measures, and its yield stability was between that of the H and G test fields. For example, the yields in the three years were 598 kg / mu, 554 kg / mu, and 508 kg / mu, respectively. Although it mitigated the impact of meteorological disasters to a certain extent, due to the simplicity of its defense measures, such as inaccurate irrigation, imperfect drainage system, limited insulation and shading effects, it still could not avoid significant fluctuations and losses in yield.

[0094] Combined with data analysis, in drought years, the H experimental field can accurately irrigate according to soil moisture and water demand models through a combination of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation and a rainwater collection and reuse system, and the wheat yield is reduced by about 12%, while the G experimental field has a yield reduction of about 28% due to flooding and no rainwater collection and reuse, and the I experimental field has a yield reduction of about 18% due to simple irrigation equipment and no rainwater collection. This shows that the irrigation system of the H experimental field can use water resources more effectively and ensure the growth of wheat under drought conditions. Its drought resistance is significantly better than that of the G and I experimental fields.

[0095] In the flood years, the H experimental field relied on a high-standard drainage system, including drainage ditches of reasonable specifications and adjustable pumping stations and drainage gates, so that the affected area of ​​wheat was only about 13%, and the yield loss was about 11%; the G experimental field had simple drainage facilities, and the affected area reached 38%, and the yield loss was about 33%; the I experimental field had an imperfect drainage system, and the affected area reached 28%, and the yield loss was about 23%. It can be seen that the drainage system of the H experimental field can efficiently remove the accumulated water, greatly reducing the damage of floods to wheat, and has outstanding flood resistance.

[0096] During the low temperature frost damage period, the insulation shed in the H experimental field reduced the wheat frost damage loss rate to 18%, while it was as high as 39% in the G experimental field and 28% in the I experimental field. This shows that the insulation measures in the H experimental field can effectively protect wheat from low temperature frost damage and maintain wheat growth and yield formation.

[0097] Reference Figure 2 The corn yield of the H experimental field also showed good stability and high levels in the three years, which were 679kg / mu, 656kg / mu and 629kg / mu respectively. This is because its meteorological disaster prevention measures can play a positive role in all stages of corn growth, such as ensuring irrigation during drought, timely drainage during floods, effective shading during high temperatures, and providing certain protection during low temperatures (although corn is relatively tolerant to low temperatures, it is still affected in extreme low temperatures or during critical growth periods), thereby promoting healthy growth of corn and stabilizing yields.

[0098] The corn yield in the G experimental field also fluctuated greatly, from 439 kg / mu in the first year to 369 kg / mu in the third year. As conventional facilities were unable to cope with complex and changeable meteorological disasters, corn was frequently attacked by drought, floods, high temperatures and other disasters during its growth process, resulting in unstable yield and an overall low level.

[0099] The corn yield of the I test field was between the two, with the yields of 546 kg / mu, 527 kg / mu and 493 kg / mu in three years. Simple meteorological disaster prevention measures have a certain guarantee effect on corn yield, but compared with the H test field, the effect of responding to disasters is obviously insufficient, and it cannot provide a continuous and stable good environment for corn growth.

[0100] Combined with the data analysis, in drought years, corn production in the H test field decreased by about 10%, in the G test field by about 23%, and in the I test field by about 16%. The advantages of the irrigation system in the H test field were once again demonstrated, which could better meet the water requirements of corn under drought conditions and reduce yield losses.

[0101] In the flood years, the affected area and yield loss of corn in the H experimental field were the smallest, about 9% and 7% respectively; the affected area of ​​the G experimental field reached 33%, and the yield loss was about 28%; the affected area of ​​the I experimental field reached 23%, and the yield loss was about 18%. This shows that the drainage system of the H experimental field has a significant effect on the prevention of corn flood disasters.

[0102] In the heat damage year, the shading net in the H experimental field effectively reduced the reduction of corn production to only 13%, while the reduction in the G experimental field was 28%, and the reduction in the I experimental field was 23%. This shows that the shading measures in the H experimental field can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of high temperature on corn growth and yield.

[0103] Reference Figure 3 Due to its advanced meteorological disaster prevention system, especially the rainwater collection and reuse system and precision irrigation method, the H test field has a relatively small amount of irrigation while ensuring crop yields. The average irrigation volume over three years is about 220 cubic meters per mu. In comparison, the average irrigation volume over three years in the G test field is about 350 cubic meters per mu, and the I test field is about 303 cubic meters per mu. This shows that the H test field can use water resources more efficiently, reduce water waste, and improve the utilization efficiency of irrigation water.

[0104] The H experimental field achieved high and stable wheat and corn yields with less irrigation, indicating that the combination of its meteorological disaster prevention measures and irrigation strategies can optimize the crop growth environment, enable crops to fully develop their growth potential under reasonable water supply, and improve yield quality. Although the G and I experimental fields had more irrigation, due to the lack of meteorological disaster prevention measures, the water use efficiency was low and could not be effectively converted into yield advantages. On the contrary, excessive irrigation may lead to soil compaction, nutrient loss and other problems, further affecting crop growth and yield.

[0105] In summary, the data of Example 3 fully prove that the meteorological disaster prevention method of the present invention has significant advantages in the wheat and corn year-round double-cropping planting mode. The method can effectively improve the yield stability of wheat and corn, enhance the resistance of crops to meteorological disasters such as drought, floods, low temperature frost damage and high temperature heat damage, while improving the efficiency of water resource utilization and reducing irrigation water consumption. In contrast, conventional facilities and simple meteorological disaster prevention measures have obvious limitations when dealing with meteorological disasters, and cannot provide comprehensive and effective protection for wheat and corn growth, resulting in large yield fluctuations, waste of resources and other problems. Therefore, the meteorological disaster prevention method of the present invention is of great significance for ensuring the high yield, stable yield and sustainable development of wheat and corn year-round double-cropping planting, and provides scientific and effective technical support for agricultural production practice, which helps to improve agricultural production efficiency, reduce agricultural production risks, and promote the rational use of agricultural resources and ecological environment protection.

[0106] The above are only preferred specific implementation modes of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing disasters and increasing yields of wheat and corn during the year, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Wheat sowing is scheduled and land is prepared for sowing. The sowing time is determined based on the local meteorological data, soil temperature and humidity, and wheat variety characteristics over the past 30 years. In specific areas such as North China, when the average temperature and soil moisture content in autumn reach the corresponding range, the sowing time is determined to be October 5-October 10 in combination with the requirements of vernalization, with an accuracy of ±3 days. The land is prepared and basal fertilizer is applied by combining deep tillage and rotary tillage. The type and amount of fertilizer are determined based on the results of soil fertility testing. When the available nitrogen is lower than 80 mg / kg, urea is applied at 15-20 kg / mu, and organic fertilizer and part of the phosphate fertilizer are applied deep in the 15-20 cm soil layer, and nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied in layers; S2. Treatment of wheat seeds: select high-quality seeds and mix them with tebuconazole and imidacloprid at 0.2%-0.3% by weight of seeds and imidacloprid at 0.1%-0.2% by weight of seeds to prevent and control diseases and insect pests at the seedling stage; S3. Wheat sowing operation, adopting row sowing, with the row spacing of the seeder set to 15-20 cm, the depth to 3-5 cm, and the sowing amount determined to be 10-15 kg / mu according to the variety and soil fertility, to ensure that the sowing uniformity reaches more than 95%; after sowing, the soil is pressed with a pressing wheel according to the soil moisture conditions, with a pressure of 100-150 kPa when the soil moisture conditions are good, and 200-250 kPa when the soil moisture conditions are poor, and the soil moisture is monitored by TDR through the soil moisture monitoring equipment installed in the field, and irrigation and water replenishment are started when the moisture content is lower than 60% and continues to decline; S4. Preparation before corn sowing: Soak corn seeds in a solution containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria and amino acids for 2-3 hours before sowing, remove and dry before sowing. The sowing time is determined to be within 3-7 days after wheat harvest based on wheat maturity index, weather forecast data, and corn variety accumulated temperature and growth period parameters; S5. No-tillage treatment after wheat harvest: spray specific microbial straw degrading agent 7-10 days before wheat harvest, and crush the straw into 5-10 cm and scatter it during harvest; S6. Corn seed treatment and sowing are regular. Before sowing, corn seeds are soaked in a solution containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria and amino acids for 2-3 hours, and then sown after being fished out and dried. The sowing time is determined to be within 3-7 days after wheat harvest based on wheat maturity indicators, weather forecast data, and corn variety accumulated temperature and growth period parameters; S7. For corn sowing, use a seed and fertilizer sowing machine to sow. Determine the amount of slow-release compound fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer according to the soil available nitrogen content. If the nitrogen content is lower than 100 mg / kg, apply 20-30 kg / mu of compound fertilizer. Fertilizer should be applied 3-5 cm below the seed side and at a depth of 3-5 cm. The row spacing should be adjusted to 40-60 cm according to the variety, and the control accuracy should be within ±5%; S8. Corn field management: carry out intertillage and weeding at a depth of 3-5 cm when the corn leaves are 3-5 and 7-9 respectively, loosen the soil to promote root growth, and remove tillers and thin leaves when the corn leaves are large to ensure ventilation and light transmission, and improve photosynthetic efficiency; S9. Meteorological disaster prevention: In drought, a combination of drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation system is used. The drip irrigation flow is adjusted according to the soil moisture and water demand model. Sprinkler irrigation is used for cooling when the temperature is high and drought and the soil moisture is scarce. At the same time, a rainwater collection and reuse system is built to increase the irrigation self-sufficiency rate by 30%-40%. In floods, a high-standard drainage system is built, including drainage ditches and pump stations of different specifications, and the drainage gates are adjustable. In the case of low temperature frost damage, a heat preservation shed is built during the wintering period of wheat. In the case of high temperature heat damage, a sunshade net is built during the corn growing season, which can reduce the impact of disasters and improve the frost resistance of wheat and corn yield respectively; S10. Pest and disease control: lay insect nets around and inside the fields. Use 40-60 mesh insect nets. Bury the edges of the insect nets about 20-30 cm deep in the soil and compact them with soil to prevent pests from drilling in from the bottom. Use professional equipment such as backpack sprayers or motorized sprayers for spraying. Ensure that the spray is even and detailed. The nozzle should be about 30-50 cm away from the crop and move at a suitable walking speed. S11. Soil management: apply more organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer to improve the soil, and adjust the soil pH by applying lime or sulfur powder to make the soil pH appropriate.

2. The method for preventing disasters and increasing yields of wheat and corn during the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the wheat seeds are mixed in step S2, they need to be stored in an environment with a temperature of 10-20° C. and a relative humidity of 40%-60% before sowing.

3. The method for preventing disasters and increasing yields of wheat and corn during the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: When determining the sowing time in step S1, the average temperature in autumn ranges from 15° C. to 20° C., and the soil moisture content ranges from 18% to 22%.

4. The method for preventing disasters and increasing yields of wheat and corn during the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, when the available nitrogen in the soil is lower than 80 mg / kg, the application amount of urea is 15-20 kg / mu, the application amount of organic fertilizer is not less than 1000 kg / mu, and the application amount of phosphate fertilizer is 40-50 kg / mu, wherein the organic fertilizer and 60%-70% of the phosphate fertilizer are deeply applied to the 15-20 cm soil layer, and the nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied in layers at a ratio of 3:2, 40% of the total amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied to the upper layer 0-10 cm, and 60% of the total amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied to the lower layer 10-20 cm.

5. The method for preventing disasters and increasing yields of wheat and corn during the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the sowing depth error is controlled within ±1 cm, the row spacing error is controlled within ±2 cm, and the sowing amount error is controlled within ±3%.

6. The method for preventing disasters and increasing yields of wheat and corn during the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the corn seeds are soaked in a solution containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria at a concentration of 1×10^6-5×10^6 / ml and an amino acid content of 10%-15% for 2-3 hours.

7. The method for preventing disasters and increasing yields of wheat and corn during the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: The meteorological forecast data in steps S4 and S6 requires that there will be no rainfall for more than 3 consecutive days in the next 7 days and the average temperature will be stable at 20°C-25°C.

8. The method for preventing disasters and increasing yields of wheat and corn during the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, when the available nitrogen in the soil is lower than 100 mg / kg, 50-80 kg / mu of bio-organic fertilizer is applied, the error of the lateral spacing of the seed fertilizer does not exceed ±2 cm, and the error of the fertilization depth does not exceed ±1 cm.

9. The method for preventing disasters and increasing yields of wheat and corn during the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the tillage and weeding in step S8, the soil bulk density decreases by 10%-15%, the soil porosity increases by 15%-20%, and the root dry weight of the corn root system in the 0-20 cm soil layer increases by 20%-30%.

10. The method for preventing disasters and increasing yields of wheat and corn during the year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S9, the drip irrigation flow rate is 10-20 liters / hour during drought, the sprinkler irrigation intensity is 10-15 mm / hour, and the collection area of ​​the rainwater collection and reuse system is not less than 30% of the planting area; during floods, the main drainage ditch has a depth of 1-1.5 meters and a width of 2-3 meters, the branch drainage ditch has a depth of 0.5-1 meter and a width of 1-2 meters, the pump station drainage flow rate is determined to be 50-100 cubic meters / hour according to the planting area, and the drainage gate is adjustable with an adjustment accuracy of ±10%; when low temperature frost damage occurs, the temperature in the insulation shed during the wintering period of wheat is 3°C-5°C higher than that outside the shed, and when high temperature heat damage occurs, the shading rate of the shading net during the growing season of corn is 40%-60%, so that the wheat frost damage loss rate is reduced by 50%-60%, and the corn high temperature heat damage yield reduction rate is reduced by 30%-40%.

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