Seedling breeding and culturing method and application of edible kelp seedlings

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of seaweed cultivation, in particular to a seedling breeding and cultivation method and application of edible kelp seedlings, and the method comprises the following steps: step 1, vegetable breeding of the edible kelp seedlings; 2, vegetable cultivation of edible kelp seedlings; step 3, collecting edible kelp seedlings; 4, kelp spore seedlings are cultivated; by using different illumination intensities and continuously adjusting the water temperature and the concentration of the fertilizer, kelp seedling culture is delayed by about 3 months, so that the harvest time of the edible kelp seedlings can be delayed to March to April every year, the severe weather conditions of extremely cold and windy seasons when the edible kelp seedlings are harvested on the sea are avoided, and the yield of the edible kelp seedlings is improved. The large-scale cultivation of edible kelp seedlings in the northern Yellow Sea becomes an economical and feasible technical method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of seaweed aquaculture, and in particular to a method and use for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings. Background Art

[0004] The traditional breeding period of kelp in the North Yellow Sea is August, the seedlings are released from the nursery pond in mid-October, and the harvesting period of edible kelp seedlings is December to January. It is a cold and stormy season, making it difficult to go out to sea, and the best harvest period of kelp seedlings is often missed. As a result, edible kelp seedlings are difficult to become a large industry in the North Yellow Sea.

[0005] Therefore, how to solve the problem of picking time of kelp seedlings is a problem that those skilled in the art need to overcome urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings that can avoid the extremely cold and windy seasons when going out to sea and postpone the harvesting time of kelp seedlings, and to provide a sea urchin cultivation device that utilizes the method for cultivation.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Selecting and breeding edible kelp seedlings: Cultivate kelp seedlings of different varieties on seedling ropes under the seawater layer, control the first light intensity and the first water temperature, and select high temperature resistant kelp seedlings; Step 2: Cultivating edible kelp seedlings: lowering the seawater temperature to the second water temperature, adding fertilizer, setting the seawater circulation period and the second light intensity, cultivating the kelp seedlings selected in step 1 to maturity, and obtaining kelp seedlings; Step 3: Harvesting edible kelp seedlings: adjust the seawater temperature to the third water temperature, set the third light intensity, adjust the fertilizer concentration, cultivate kelp vegetables on the attachment base, and develop kelp spores and maintain them in the kelp gametophyte stage; Step 4: Cultivation of kelp spore seedlings: adjust the light intensity to the fourth light intensity, set the fourth water temperature, adjust the fertilizer concentration again, and when the seedlings grow to more than 1mm, they are shipped out of the warehouse; Step 5: Cultivation and harvesting of edible kelp seedlings: Wrap the attachment base around a cultivation rope whose two ends are fixed on a floating stem, cultivate the seedlings, and harvest the kelp after they mature.

[0008] The above-mentioned method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings, step 1 is carried out in a natural seawater area from August to September, the seawater layer is 1 meter to 2 meters deep, the first light intensity is not higher than 10000 lx, and the first water temperature is lower than 23°C.

[0009] In the above-mentioned method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings, step 2 is carried out in a cultivation box, seawater is circulated once a week, the second water temperature is set at 10°C-15°C by a circulating refrigeration device, and fertilizer is added at a concentration of 30 g / m 3 The urea concentration is 13.2 g / m 3 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the second light intensity is 1500lx-3000lx.

[0010] In the above-mentioned method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings, in step 2, after 2 to 3 months of low temperature and low light cultivation, the kelp spore sacs gradually develop and mature.

[0011] The above-mentioned method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings, step 3 is to cultivate in a breeding box, the third water temperature is 7°C-12°C, and the fertilizer concentration is adjusted to urea 15 g / m 3 , potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6.6 g / m 3 The third light intensity is 1000lx-3000lx in the first seven days, and then gradually reduce the light intensity to 300lx in the later period.

[0012] In the above-mentioned method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings, in step 3, the attachment base is a frame curtain made of a blended rope of white vinylon and polyethylene with a diameter of 3 mm.

[0013] In the above-mentioned method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings, in step 4, the fourth light intensity is 1500 lx, and the light intensity is increased to the fourth light intensity according to the light intensity increment of 500 lx per day, the fourth water temperature is 7°C-10°C, and the fertilizer concentration is adjusted again to 30 g / m urea. 3 , potassium dihydrogen phosphate 13.2 g / m 3 .

[0014] The above-mentioned method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings, step 5 comprises: adopting the method of picking the big ones and leaving the small ones for interval harvesting, cultivating for 2 months, harvesting the first batch of kelp, harvesting the second batch of kelp 15-20 days after harvesting the first batch of kelp, harvesting the seedling rope 15-20 days after harvesting the second batch of kelp, and picking the remaining kelp.

[0015] A marine product breeding device comprises a marine product breeding cage, a breeding rope for breeding kelp is arranged above the marine product breeding cage, the marine product breeding cage is fixed below the breeding rope, the marine product breeding cage is arranged 4-6 meters below the water surface, the breeding rope is arranged 1-2 meters below the water surface, and the kelp is cultured using the seedling breeding and breeding method of kelp edible seedlings as described in any one of the above items.

[0016] The above-mentioned seafood culture device, the seafood includes abalone, sea cucumber and sea urchin.

[0017] The beneficial effect of the seedling breeding and cultivation method of edible kelp seedlings of the present invention is that the present invention delays the cultivation of kelp seedlings by about 3 months by using different light intensities and continuously adjusting the water temperature and the concentration of fertilizers, thereby the harvest period of the edible kelp seedlings can be postponed to March-April each year, avoiding the adverse climatic conditions of the extremely cold and windy seasons when the edible kelp seedlings are harvested at sea, making large-scale cultivation of edible kelp seedlings in the North Yellow Sea an economically feasible technical method.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the marine product cultivation device of the present invention are: in the laver, abalone and sea urchin cultivation area, the grown kelp forms a kelp layer above the sea urchin cultivation cage, which has the effect of shading and improving the survival rate of the sea urchin; during the continuous cultivation of the kelp, the kelp is used as fresh bait for the sea urchin, and the sea urchin excrement provides fertilizer for the kelp, and the sea urchin and the kelp have good ecological complementary characteristics. Through the combined cultivation method, the formation of kelp edible seedlings combined with the cultivation of other marine treasures not only increases economic benefits, but is also very beneficial to the ecological environment of the sea area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a first schematic diagram of the kelp culture rope arrangement structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a second schematic diagram of the kelp culture rope arrangement structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sea urchin breeding device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the purpose and technical solutions of the present invention, the purpose and technical solutions of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods and drawings.

[0021] Example 1 A method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings comprises the following steps.

[0022] Step 1: Selection and breeding of edible kelp seedlings: Cultivate different varieties of kelp seedlings on seedling ropes under the seawater layer in the natural seawater area from August to September, control the first light intensity and the first water temperature, and select high temperature resistant kelp seedlings.

[0023] The seawater layer is 1 meter to 2 meters deep, the first light intensity is not higher than 10000 lx, and the first water temperature is lower than 25°C.

[0024] Step 2: Cultivation of edible kelp seedlings: lower the seawater temperature to the second water temperature in the breeding box, add fertilizer, set the seawater circulation cycle and the second light intensity, cultivate the kelp selected in step 1 to maturity, and obtain kelp seedlings.

[0025] The seawater is circulated once a week, and the water temperature is set at 10℃-15℃ through the circulating refrigeration equipment. The fertilizer is added at a concentration of 30 g / m 3 The urea concentration is 13.2 g / m 3 The second light intensity is 1500lx-3000lx. After 3 months of low temperature and low light cultivation, the kelp spore sacs gradually matured.

[0026] Step 3: Collecting edible kelp seedlings: Adjust the seawater temperature in the breeding box to the third water temperature, set the third light intensity, adjust the fertilizer concentration, cultivate kelp vegetables on the attachment base, and develop kelp spores and maintain them in the kelp gametophyte stage.

[0027] The third water temperature is 7℃-12℃, and the fertilizer concentration is adjusted to urea 15 g / m 3 , potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6.6 g / m 3 The third light intensity is 1000 lx-3000 lx in the first seven days, and then gradually reduce the light intensity to 300lx in the later period.

[0028] Step 4: Cultivation of kelp spore seedlings: adjust the light intensity to the fourth light intensity, set the fourth water temperature, adjust the fertilizer concentration again, and when the seedlings grow to more than 1mm, they are shipped out of the warehouse.

[0029] The fourth light intensity is 1500lx. The light intensity is increased to the fourth light intensity according to the light intensity increment of 500lx per day. The fourth water temperature is 7℃-10℃. The fertilizer concentration is adjusted again to 30 g / m urea. 3 , potassium dihydrogen phosphate 13.2 g / m 3 .

[0030] Step 5: Cultivation and harvesting of edible kelp seedlings: Floating stems are set in the seawater layer, and the attachment base is wrapped around the cultivation ropes whose two ends are fixed on the floating stems to cultivate the seedlings. After the seedlings are mature, the kelp is harvested.

[0031] Example 2 A method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings comprises the following steps.

[0032] 1) Breeding and planting of edible kelp seedlings.

[0033] Different varieties of kelp seedlings are cultured in 10-meter seedling ropes for each seedling, a total of 100 seedling ropes, 1-2 meters below the seawater layer, with a maximum light intensity of less than 10,000 lx and a maximum water temperature of less than 25°C in summer. After the high temperature period from August to September, the kelp species that are not resistant to high temperatures are naturally eliminated.

[0034] 2) Cultivation of edible kelp seedlings.

[0035] In early October, the high-temperature resistant kelp with wide and long leaves that has been screened at high temperatures is taken back to the workshop. The seawater temperature is lowered to 10℃-15℃ through the circulating refrigeration system. Fertilizers are added to the seawater at a dosage of 30 g / m3 urea and 13.2 g / m3 potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The seawater is replaced once a week. The light intensity ranges from 1500lx to 3000lx. After 3 months of low temperature and low light cultivation, the kelp enters the mature stage, and the kelp spore sac gradually develops and matures.

[0036] 3) Collecting edible kelp seedlings.

[0037] In November, kelp with mature spore sacs was selected for planting and edible kelp seedlings were collected. The attachment base for collecting seedlings was a 3mm diameter white vinylon and polyethylene blended rope. After being woven into a frame curtain, it was used as the attachment base for edible kelp seedlings. The cultivation temperature was natural seawater, between 7℃-12℃, and the light intensity was between 1000 lx-3000 lx in the first 7 days of seedling collection, and the light intensity was gradually reduced to 300lx in the later period. Fertilizers were applied in seawater at a dosage of 15 g / m3 of urea and 6.6 g / m3 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. After 30-50 days of indoor seedling cultivation, kelp spores developed and remained in the kelp gametophyte stage.

[0038] 4) Cultivation of kelp spore seedlings.

[0039] Increase the light intensity of the gametophyte seedling curtain from 500lx / day to 1500lx, keep the culture temperature between 7℃-10℃, and apply fertilizers at a dosage of 30 g / m3 of urea and 13.2 g / m3 of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in seawater. When more than 50% of the seedlings grow to more than 1mm, they can be shipped out of the warehouse.

[0040] 5) Cultivation and harvesting of edible kelp seedlings.

[0041] Wrap the 3mm diameter seedling rope around the 1~2cm diameter and 4m~8m long polyethylene breeding rope (such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown in the figure), the two ends of the cultivation rope are tied to the floating stems and the floating stems are set in natural seawater. After 2 months of cultivation, the fast-growing kelp is about 50cm long and 10cm wide, and the first crop is harvested. The second crop is harvested 15-20 days later, and the seedling rope is pulled up after another 15-20 days, and the remaining seedlings are picked.

[0042] Example 3 Relay culture method of edible seedlings of Porphyra tataricus and Laminaria japonica.

[0043] The method for relay cultivation of edible kelp and porphyra haitanensis seedlings comprises the following steps: 1) Cultivation of Porphyra hainanensis.

[0044] In early August, when the water temperature in the aquaculture area is around 25 ℃, collect the conchospore seedlings of Porphyra yezoensis and place them on the aquaculture net 10, then hang the net in the sea. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the cables 11 on both sides are fixed in the aquaculture sea area through pile foundations 12 on both sides, a stem rope 13 is arranged in the middle of the cables, the stem ropes are connected by tension ropes 14, a farming net is arranged between the two parallel stem ropes, tension rods 15 and buoys 16 are arranged on the tension ropes, the tension rods are arranged at both ends of the stem ropes, the buoys are installed on the tension ropes with tension rods, and the tension rods are arranged at intervals on the tension ropes.

[0045] The distance between the ropes at both ends is set according to the division of the breeding area, generally between 150 meters and 200 meters. This embodiment uses 168 meters. The width of the breeding area is set according to the width of the breeding net, generally between 3 and 6 meters. This embodiment uses a stem rope distance of 4.3 meters, and the width of the breeding net is 3.9 meters. Several tension rods and buoys are set to divide the breeding net into equidistant areas of 2 meters in length.

[0046] 2) Cultivation and harvesting of Porphyra hainanensis.

[0047] The nets are dried on the second day after going into the sea, and are dried every 1-2 days. After the seaweed grows visible to the naked eye, the drying time is gradually extended. The first crop of laver is harvested after 30-40 days. The cultivation of laver is completed by November, and more than 4 crops of laver can be harvested. The average yield of a single crop of seedlings is 80-100 kg, and the yield per mu of multiple crops is 400 kg in total. The income from the cultivation of laver per mu is 4,000 yuan.

[0048] 3) The Porphyra haitanensis net is recovered and brought ashore.

[0049] In early December, the whole net of kelp is dried and brought ashore, leaving the floating stems, floats and glass poles and other breeding facilities to cultivate edible kelp seedlings in January.

[0050] 4) Carry out vegetable cultivation and seedling cultivation of edible kelp seedlings according to steps 1 to 4 in the embodiment.

[0051] 5) Cultivation and harvesting of edible kelp seedlings.

[0052] Disassemble the seedling curtain into ropes, wrap the seedling rope around a polyethylene aquaculture rope with a diameter of 1-2 cm and a length of 4-8 meters, and tie both ends of the aquaculture rope to the floating stem for horizontal cultivation ( Figure 1 add Figure 3 After 2 months of cultivation, the fast-growing kelp is about 50cm long and 10cm wide, and the first crop is harvested. The second crop is harvested 15-20 days later, and the seedling ropes are collected after another 15-20 days, and the remaining seedlings are picked.

[0053] Example 4 The ecological breeding method of edible sea urchin and kelp seedlings comprises the following steps.

[0054] 1) Temporary storage of sea urchins.

[0055] In mid-to-late October, the water temperature dropped to 18℃, and sea urchin seedlings were put in. The average size of the seedlings was 1,200 heads / kg, and they were temporarily raised. The cylindrical cage was 2.5 meters high and 0.3 meters in diameter. It was evenly divided into 10 layers, with a layer height of 0.25 meters. The length of the hanging rope was 10 meters.

[0056] 2) Sea urchin seedling separation.

[0057] In mid-to-late November, when the water temperature drops to 15℃, use sieves of different sizes to sieve the seedlings in the water and breed them according to their size. 18-30mm is the first-grade seedling, 15~18mm is the second-grade seedling, and less than 15mm is the third-grade seedling. Put 1kg of seedlings in each cubic meter of water.

[0058] 3) Feeding sea urchins.

[0059] The fish are fed once every 2 to 3 days, with the amount of each feeding being 5% to 10% of their body weight. The types of seaweed fed include fresh or dried seaweed such as kelp, wakame, asparagus, and sargassum.

[0060] 4) After 16 to 18 months of cultivation, the sea urchins reach commercial specifications, 12 to 20 per kg.

[0061] 5) Cultivation of edible kelp seedlings.

[0062] A breeding rope for breeding kelp, i.e., a stem rope, is provided above the sea urchin breeding cage 17. The sea urchin breeding cage is arranged 4-6 meters below the water surface 18, and the breeding rope is arranged 1-2 meters below the water surface. The edible kelp seedlings are cultured using the seedling breeding and breeding methods of the edible kelp seedlings in Examples 1 and 2.

[0063] The breeding starts in January, the rope is 5 meters long, the kelp seedling rope is passed through and wrapped around the breeding rope, and the breeding is carried out 1 to 2 meters above the water surface. Figure 3 shown.

[0064] 6) From March to April, harvest 2 to 3 batches of edible kelp seedlings, and keep some bottom seedlings for further cultivation; from May to August, harvest fresh kelp at intervals and feed it to sea urchins in breeding cages as fresh bait.

[0065] 7) In early September, select kelp with broad leaves and strong growth, and cultivate it indoors under low temperature and low light conditions to enter the kelp edible seedling planting and seedling raising stage, so as to provide kelp edible seedlings for the next year.

[0066] In this breeding model, the grown kelp is placed above the sea urchin cage, providing shade and shading, thus improving the survival rate of the sea urchin. The kelp is used as fresh food for the sea urchin, and the sea urchin excrement provides fertilizer for the kelp. The sea urchin and kelp have good ecological complementarity.

[0067] The above sea urchin breeding cages can be replaced with sea cucumber breeding boxes / cages, abalone breeding boxes / cages, and other high-value long-term stocking seafood.

[0068] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the inventive concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made based on the essence of the content of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Selecting and breeding edible kelp seedlings: Cultivate kelp seedlings of different varieties on seedling ropes under the seawater layer, control the first light intensity and the first water temperature, and select high temperature resistant kelp seedlings; Step 2: Cultivating edible kelp seedlings: lowering the seawater temperature to the second water temperature, adding fertilizer, setting the seawater circulation period and the second light intensity, cultivating the kelp seedlings selected in step 1 to maturity, and obtaining kelp seedlings; Step 3: Harvesting edible kelp seedlings: adjust the seawater temperature to the third water temperature, set the third light intensity, adjust the fertilizer concentration, cultivate kelp vegetables on the attachment base, and develop kelp spores and maintain them in the kelp gametophyte stage; Step 4: Cultivation of kelp spore seedlings: adjust the light intensity to the fourth light intensity, set the fourth water temperature, adjust the fertilizer concentration again, and when the seedlings grow to more than 1mm, they are shipped out of the warehouse; Step 5: Cultivation and harvesting of edible kelp seedlings: Wrap the attachment base around a cultivation rope whose two ends are fixed on a floating stem, cultivate the seedlings, and harvest the kelp after they mature.

2. The method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1 is carried out in a natural seawater area from August to September, the seawater layer is 1 meter to 2 meters deep, the first light intensity is not higher than 10000 lx, and the first water temperature is lower than 23°C.

3. The method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings according to claim 2, characterized in that: Step 2 is carried out in the aquaculture tank. The seawater is circulated once a week. The water temperature is set at 10℃-15℃ by the circulating refrigeration equipment. The fertilizer is added at a concentration of 30 g / m 3 The urea concentration is 13.2 g / m 3 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the second light intensity is 1500lx-3000lx.

4. The method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2, after 2 to 3 months of cultivation at low temperature and low light, the kelp spore sacs gradually mature.

5. The method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step 3: Cultivate in a breeding box, the water temperature is 7℃-12℃, and the fertilizer concentration is adjusted to urea 15 g / m 3 , potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6.6 g / m 3 The third light intensity is 1000 lx-3000 lx in the first seven days, and then gradually reduce the light intensity to 300lx in the later period.

6. The method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 3, the attachment base is a frame curtain made of a 3 mm diameter white vinylon and polyethylene blended rope.

7. The method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 4, the fourth light intensity is 1500 lx, and the light intensity is increased to the fourth light intensity according to the light intensity increment of 500 lx per day. The fourth water temperature is 7℃-10℃, and the fertilizer concentration is adjusted again to 30 g / m urea. 3 , potassium dihydrogen phosphate 13.2 g / m 3 .

8. The method for breeding and cultivating edible kelp seedlings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step 5 comprises: performing interval harvesting by picking the big ones and leaving the small ones, cultivating for 2 months, harvesting the first crop of kelp, harvesting the second crop of kelp 15-20 days after the first crop of kelp is harvested, collecting the seedling ropes 15-20 days after the second crop of kelp is harvested, and picking the remaining kelp.

9. A marine product breeding device, comprising a marine product breeding cage, characterized in that: A breeding rope for breeding kelp is arranged above the seafood breeding cage, the seafood breeding cage is fixed below the breeding rope, the seafood breeding cage is arranged 4-6 meters below the water surface, the breeding rope is arranged 1-2 meters below the water surface, and the kelp is cultured using the seedling breeding and breeding method of edible kelp seedlings as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. The marine product cultivation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The marine products include abalone, sea cucumber and sea urchin.

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