Multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc form

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cutting torches and gouging torches, in particular to a multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc form. The planing torch comprises an electrode holder, a hollow electrode stem is mounted at one end of the electrode holder, the other end of the electrode holder is connected with a gun body, an electrode is mounted on the electrode stem, a vortex ring and a nozzle are sequentially arranged outside the electrode, a water core is arranged in the electrode, and an ion air chamber is defined by the vortex ring, the electrode and the nozzle; an insulating sleeve, a sealing sleeve and an outer sleeve are arranged outside the electrode holder, a gas cover is arranged at one end, facing the nozzle, of the sealing sleeve, a purging gas chamber is defined by the gas cover, the nozzle pressing sleeve and the insulating sleeve, and a first gas outlet hole is formed in the gas cover; an end plate is arranged at the end, away from the nozzle, of the insulation sleeve, the electrode base is located in the center of the end plate and penetrates through the end plate, and a water inlet connector, an ion gas connector and a purging gas connector are formed in the end plate in the circumferential direction of the electrode base. The technical problems that in the prior art, the gouging torch is poor in gouging effect, and the arc form cannot be flexibly changed are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cutting torches and planing torches, in particular to a multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape. Background Art

[0002] In the welding process of workpieces, gouging is required for back root cleaning, welding defects and surface material removal. Among them, the most commonly used gouging process is carbon arc gouging. Carbon arc gouging is a thermal processing process that uses the arc generated between a graphite rod or a carbon rod and the workpiece to melt the metal, and uses compressed air to blow away the molten metal. It will generate greater noise and pollution during the process, and consume a large number of carbon rods, which greatly increases the processing cost.

[0003] At present, in order to improve the environment during welding and reduce welding costs, plasma gouging is usually used instead of carbon arc gouging to process the workpiece. For example, the patent document with the authorization announcement number CN214867942U provides an air plasma gouging gun for root cleaning of welds. Plasma gouging is a processing method that uses the heat of a high-temperature plasma arc to melt the metal of a local part of the workpiece, and removes the molten metal with the momentum of high-speed plasma and the energy of compressed air. Compared with carbon arc gouging, plasma gouging has the following advantages: 1. The smoke concentration of plasma gouging is lower, which is beneficial to protecting the environment and the health of the operator; 2. The noise of plasma gouging is 10 to 15 decibels lower than that of carbon arc gouging, which reduces noise pollution and has less interference with the operator and the surrounding environment; 3. Plasma gouging uses a concentrated high-temperature arc to process the workpiece, with high energy utilization, and no need to use carbon rod electrodes, which reduces the loss of consumables and effectively reduces welding costs.

[0004] However, the existing plasma gouging still has the following problems during actual use: 1. The plasma gouging torch is prone to not completely removing the slag on the workpiece surface due to insufficient energy of the arc itself after melting the metal. The slag adheres to the workpiece surface, which affects the flatness and smoothness of the gouging seam and reduces the gouging quality; 2. The existing plasma gouging torch cannot flexibly change the direction of the arc and the width and depth of the gouging seam, so it is impossible to accurately gouge different positions of the same workpiece or different workpieces without changing the gouging torch model. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art that the gouging torch has a poor gouging effect and cannot flexibly change the arc shape.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape provided by the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape comprises: an electrode seat, one end of which is provided with a hollow electrode rod, and the other end is used for connecting a gun body, an electrode is provided at the end of the electrode rod away from the electrode seat, a nozzle is provided in an air sleeve outside the electrode, a water core is provided in the electrode, a vortex ring is provided between the electrode and the nozzle, an ion gas chamber is formed between the vortex ring, the electrode and the nozzle, a nozzle seat is provided at the end of the nozzle away from the nozzle, and a nozzle pressing sleeve is provided between the nozzle seat and the nozzle; an insulating sleeve is provided in an air sleeve outside the electrode seat, a sealing sleeve and a jacket are provided outside the insulating sleeve, an air cap is provided at the end of the sealing sleeve facing the nozzle, a purge air chamber is formed between the air cap, the nozzle and the insulating sleeve, and the air cap comprises a cover body connected to the sealing sleeve, the cover body is away from the sealing sleeve An air ring is arranged at one end of the sleeve, and a first air outlet is provided on the air ring for spraying out purge gas, and there is an intersection between the blowing direction of the purge gas and the blowing direction of the plasma gas; an end plate is arranged at the end of the insulating sleeve away from the nozzle, the electrode seat is located at the center of the end plate and penetrates the end plate, and a water inlet interface, an ion gas interface and a purge gas interface are arranged on the end plate along the circumference of the electrode seat; a first ion gas channel connected to the ion gas interface is arranged in the insulating sleeve, and a second ion gas channel connecting the first ion gas channel and the ion gas chamber is formed between the electrode and the nozzle; a first purge gas channel connected to the purge gas interface is arranged in the insulating sleeve, and a second purge gas channel connecting the first purge gas channel and the purge gas chamber is formed between the sealing sleeve and the outer sleeve.

[0007] The beneficial effects of the multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape provided by the present invention are: Firstly, a purge gas interface is installed on the end plate of the sealing sleeve, and a first purge gas channel connected to the purge gas interface is opened in the insulating sleeve, a second purge gas channel is enclosed between the sealing sleeve and the outer sleeve, a gas cover is arranged at one end of the sealing sleeve facing the nozzle, and the area enclosed by the gas cover, the nozzle and the insulating sleeve is used as a purge gas chamber, the second purge gas channel is connected with the first purge gas channel and the purge gas chamber, and a first gas outlet hole for spraying purge gas is opened on the gas ring of the gas cover, so that a purge gas passage can be formed in the planing torch. When in use, the plasma gas is heated to an extremely high temperature and highly ionized to form a plasma arc, so that the workpiece is melted, and the purge gas can assist in blowing off the slag generated on the surface of the workpiece after melting; Secondly, there is an intersection between the blowing direction of the purge gas and the blowing direction of the plasma gas. By rotating the gas cover to change the position of the first air outlet relative to the mouth of the nozzle, the shape of the plasma arc can be changed, thereby flexibly changing the width, depth and direction of the planing seam without changing the nozzle. The operation is simple and convenient.

[0008] Through the above arrangement, the present invention effectively solves the technical problems in the prior art that the gouging torch has a poor gouging effect and cannot flexibly change the arc shape.

[0009] Furthermore, a transfer chamber is provided on the insulating sleeve at one end of the first purge gas channel away from the purge gas interface, and a transfer hole connecting the transfer chamber and the second purge gas channel is provided on the sealing sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the number of the purge gas interfaces is two, each of the purge gas interfaces is equipped with a first purge gas channel, and the ends of the two first purge gas channels meet in the transfer chamber.

[0011] Beneficial effect: The purge gases entering the transfer chamber from the two purge gas interfaces can be integrated with each other in the transfer chamber to form a more stable and uniform airflow, which helps to reduce airflow turbulence and vortex phenomena.

[0012] Furthermore, a protective gas interface is provided on the end plate, a protective cover is provided on the outer periphery of the nozzle facing one end of the insulating sleeve, a first protective gas channel connected to the protective gas interface is provided in the insulating sleeve, the inner wall of the first protective gas channel is provided with a thread, and the end thereof away from the protective gas interface is provided with a first transfer channel extending toward the sealing sleeve, a second transfer channel connected to the first transfer channel is formed between the insulating sleeve and the sealing sleeve, a plurality of second air outlet holes evenly spaced along the circumference and consistent with the extension direction of the nozzle mouth are provided on the nozzle pressing sleeve for discharging protective gas, a third transfer channel connected to the second air outlet is provided on the nozzle seat, a fourth transfer channel connecting the second transfer channel and the third transfer channel is provided on the sealing sleeve, and the protective cover has a diameter reduction section, and its radial dimension on the side close to the mouth mouth is smaller than its radial dimension on the side away from the mouth mouth.

[0013] Beneficial effect: second air outlet holes are opened on the nozzle sleeve at evenly spaced intervals along its circumference and in the same direction as the nozzle mouth. Shielding gas can be discharged through the second air outlet holes to form annularly distributed shielding gas around the plasma arc. The plasma arc can be secondary coated while the workpiece surface can be cleaned. The stability of plasma arc planing can be ensured, and the influence of interference factors such as external wind flow on the planing operation can be effectively avoided, thereby ensuring the planing quality and planing efficiency of the planing operation.

[0014] Furthermore, an electrode rod insulating sleeve is provided between the electrode rod and the nozzle pressing sleeve.

[0015] Furthermore, a first water inlet channel connected to the water inlet interface is provided in the insulating sleeve, a second water inlet channel connected to the first water inlet channel is provided on the electrode seat, the second water inlet channel is connected to the water core, a third water inlet channel connected to the water core is formed between the electrode rod and the water core, a fourth water inlet channel connected to the third water inlet channel is provided on the insulating sleeve, a fifth water inlet channel connected to the fourth water inlet channel is provided on the nozzle seat, a water guide groove is provided on the nozzle surrounding its surface and extending to the front end of the nozzle pressing sleeve, a first water return channel connected to the water guide groove is provided on the insulating sleeve, and a second water return channel connected to the first water return channel and the return pipe on the electrode seat.

[0016] Beneficial effect: By arranging a first water inlet channel, a second water inlet channel, a water core, a third water inlet channel, a fourth water inlet channel, a fifth water inlet channel, a water guide groove, a first water return channel, a second water return channel and a water return pipe which are interconnected in the plasma arc air planing torch, a circulating water circuit can be formed to cool the interior thereof, thereby extending its service life.

[0017] Furthermore, inner walls of the first purge gas channel and the first water inlet channel are both provided with threads.

[0018] Furthermore, the second water inlet channel is located on a side of the water return pipe facing the water core.

[0019] Furthermore, the insulating sleeve has a boss between the electrode seat and the nozzle seat for isolating the electrode seat from the nozzle seat.

[0020] Beneficial effect: The insulating boss is provided between the electrode holder and the nozzle, which can ensure the insulation between the electrode holder and the nozzle holder to prevent current short circuit and protect the nozzle and the electrode.

[0021] Furthermore, the insulating sleeve has a boss between the outer sleeve and the gas cover for isolating the outer sleeve from the gas cover.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape provided by the present invention are as follows: by arranging a purge gas path in the plasma arc gouging torch, it is possible to assist in blowing off the slag on the surface of the workpiece and to flexibly control the width, depth and direction of the gouging seam; by arranging a protective gas path in the plasma arc gouging torch, the plasma arc can be secondary coated and the stability of the plasma arc gouging can be ensured; by arranging a circulating water path in the plasma arc gouging torch, the interior of the plasma arc gouging torch can be circulated and cooled to extend its service life.

[0023] Through the above arrangement, the present invention effectively solves the technical problems in the prior art that the gouging torch has a poor gouging effect and cannot flexibly change the arc shape. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] By reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily understood. In the accompanying drawings, several embodiments of the present invention are shown in an exemplary and non-limiting manner, and the same or corresponding reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts, wherein: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape provided by the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A side view of a multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc shape is shown; Figure 3 for Figure 2 AA cross-sectional view of a multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc shape; Figure 4 for Figure 2 BB cross-section of a multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch with variable arc shape Figure 1 ; Figure 5 for Figure 2 BB cross-section of a multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch with variable arc shape Figure 2 ; Figure 6 for Figure 2 CC cross-sectional view of a multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc shape; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating sleeve in the multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape provided by the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating sleeve in the multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape provided by the present invention Figure 2 ; Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electrode holder in a multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc shape provided by the present invention; Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a nozzle holder in a multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc shape provided by the present invention; Fig.11 This is a schematic structural diagram of the gas cover in the multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape provided by the present invention.

[0025] Description of reference numerals: 1. Electrode holder; 2. Electrode rod; 3. Electrode; 4. First nozzle section; 5. Second nozzle section; 6. Water core; 7. Vortex ring; 8. Ion gas chamber; 9. Nozzle holder; 10. Nozzle pressing sleeve; 11. Insulating sleeve; 12. Sealing sleeve; 13. Outer sleeve; 14. Gas cover; 15. Purge gas chamber; 16. Cover body; 17. Gas ring; 18. First air outlet; 19. End plate; 20. Water inlet interface; 21. Ion gas interface; 22. Purge gas interface; 23. First ion gas channel; 24. Second ion gas channel; 25. First purge gas channel; 26. The second purge gas channel; 27, transfer chamber; 28, protective gas interface; 29, protective cover; 30, first protective gas channel; 31, first transfer channel; 32, second transfer channel; 33, second air outlet; 34, first water inlet channel; 35, second water inlet channel; 36, third water inlet channel; 37, fourth water inlet channel; 38, fifth water inlet channel; 39, water guide trough; 40, first return water channel; 41, second return water channel; 42, return water pipe; 43, boss; 44, electrode rod insulating sleeve; 45, third transfer channel; 46, fourth transfer channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should know that the embodiments described below are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that the main concept of the multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape provided by the present invention is: by arranging a purge gas interface 22 on the end plate 19 of the sealing sleeve 12, arranging a first purge gas channel 25 in the insulating sleeve 11, using the area enclosed by the sealing sleeve 12 and the outer sleeve 13 as the second purge gas channel 26, and arranging a gas cover 14 at one end of the sealing sleeve 12 facing the nozzle, arranging a first air outlet 18 on the gas cover 14, and connecting the purge gas interface 22, the first purge gas channel 25, the second purge gas channel 26 and the first air outlet 18 in sequence, a purge gas path can be formed in the plasma arc gouging torch, thereby assisting in blowing off the slag remaining on the surface of the workpiece after melting during plasma arc gouging, and the position of the first air outlet 18 relative to the nozzle mouth can be changed by rotating the gas cover 14, so as to flexibly change the shape of the plasma arc without changing the nozzle, thereby flexibly changing the width, depth and direction of the gouging seam.

[0028] After introducing the basic principle of the present invention, various non-limiting embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The number of any element in the drawings is for illustration and not for limitation, and any naming is only for distinction and does not have any limiting meaning.

[0029] The principle and spirit of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1 of the multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology provided by the present invention: like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape comprises an electrode holder 1, an electrode rod 2, an electrode 3, a nozzle, a water core 6, an insulating sleeve 11, a sealing sleeve 12 and an outer sleeve 13.

[0031] Among them, the left end of the electrode holder 1 is used to connect the gun body, and the right end thereof is equipped with a hollow electrode rod 2, and the right end of the electrode rod 2 is sleeved with an electrode 3; a water core 6 is sleeved inside the electrode rod 2, and the water core 6 extends along the length direction of the electrode rod 2, and its left end is connected to the electrode holder 1, and the right end extends into the electrode 3, and a nozzle is sleeved outside the electrode 3, and a nozzle seat 9 is arranged at the left end of the nozzle, and a nozzle pressing sleeve 10 is arranged between the nozzle and the nozzle seat 9, and a gas cover 14 is arranged at the right end of the sealing sleeve 12, and an end plate 19 is arranged at the left end of the insulating sleeve 11, and the electrode holder 1 is located at the center of the end plate 19 and penetrates the end plate 19, and a water inlet interface 20, an ion gas interface 21, a purge gas interface 22 and a protective gas interface 28 are arranged on the end plate 19 along the circumference of the electrode holder 1, and a circulating water channel, a first ion gas channel 23, a purge gas channel and a protective gas channel connected thereto are provided in the planing torch to form a circulating cooling water path, an ion gas path, a purge gas path and a protective gas path respectively.

[0032] Specifically, a hafnium wire is embedded in the electrode 3 for generating a plasma arc, an electrode rod insulating sleeve 44 is arranged between the electrode rod 2 and the nozzle sleeve 10, and the nozzle is a split structure, which includes a first nozzle segment 4 arranged between the electrode rod insulating sleeve 44 and the nozzle sleeve 10 and a second nozzle segment 5 connected to the right end of the first nozzle segment 4.

[0033] Regarding the circulating cooling water circuit. A first water inlet channel 34 connected to the water inlet interface 20 is provided in the insulating sleeve 11, a second water inlet channel 35 connected to the first water inlet channel 34 is provided on the electrode holder 1, the second water inlet channel 35 is connected to the water core 6, a third water inlet channel 36 is formed between the electrode rod 2 and the water core 6, the third water inlet channel 36 is connected to the water core 6, a fourth water inlet channel 37 connected to the third water inlet channel 36 is provided on the insulating sleeve 11, a fifth water inlet channel 38 connected to the fourth water inlet channel 37 is provided on the nozzle holder 9, a water guide groove 39 surrounding the surface of the first nozzle section 4 and extending to the front end of the nozzle pressing sleeve 10 is provided on the nozzle holder 9, a first water return channel 40 connected to the water guide groove 39 is provided on the nozzle holder 9, a first water return channel 40 connected to the water guide groove 39 is provided on the insulating sleeve 11, and a second water return channel 41 connecting the first water return channel 40 and the water return pipe 42 on the electrode holder 1 is provided, and the second water inlet channel 35 is located on the right side of the second water return channel 41.

[0034] Regarding the ion gas path. A vortex ring 7 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the electrode rod 2, and an ion gas chamber 8 is formed between the vortex ring 7, the electrode 3 and the nozzle. A first ion gas channel 23 connected to the ion gas interface 21 is provided in the insulating sleeve 11, and a second ion gas channel 24 connecting the first ion gas channel 23 and the ion gas chamber 8 is formed between the electrode 3 and the nozzle.

[0035] Regarding the purge gas path. A first purge gas channel 25 connected to the purge gas interface 22 is provided in the insulating sleeve 11, a second purge gas channel 26 connecting the first purge gas channel 25 and the purge gas chamber 15 is formed between the sealing sleeve 12 and the outer sleeve 13, a transfer chamber 27 is provided on the insulating sleeve 11 at the right end of the first purge gas channel 25, a transfer hole connecting the transfer chamber 27 and the second purge gas channel 26 is provided on the sealing sleeve 12, a purge gas chamber 15 is formed between the air cover 14, the nozzle and the insulating sleeve 11, the second purge gas channel 26 is connected to the purge gas chamber 15, the air cover 14 includes a cover body 16 connected to the sealing sleeve 12, an air ring 17 is provided at the right end of the cover body 16, and three first air outlet holes 18 are provided on the air ring 17 for spraying out the purge gas.

[0036] Specifically, there are two purge gas interfaces 22 , each of which is equipped with a first purge gas channel 25 , and the right ends of the two first purge gas channels 25 meet in the transfer chamber 27 .

[0037] About the protective gas path. A protective cover 29 is provided on the outer periphery of the right end of the nozzle, a first protective gas channel 30 connected to the protective gas interface 28 is provided in the insulating sleeve 11, a first transfer channel 31 extending toward the sealing sleeve 12 is provided at the right end of the first protective gas channel 30, a second transfer channel 32 connected to the right end of the first transfer channel 31 is formed between the sealing sleeve 12 and the insulating sleeve 11, a plurality of second air outlet holes 33 evenly spaced along the circumference and consistent with the extension direction of the nozzle mouth are provided on the nozzle pressing sleeve 10 for discharging protective gas, a third transfer channel 45 connected to the second air outlet hole 33 is provided on the nozzle seat 9, a fourth transfer channel 46 connecting the second transfer channel 32 and the third transfer channel 45 is provided on the sealing sleeve 12, and the protective cover 29 has a diameter reduction section with a gradually decreasing radial size from left to right.

[0038] Specifically, the plasma arc and the gas path outlet of the purge gas intersect at one point.

[0039] In addition, the insulating sleeve 11 has a boss 43 between the electrode seat 1 and the nozzle seat 9 for isolating the electrode seat 1 and the nozzle seat 9, and it also has a boss 43 between the outer sleeve 13 and the gas cover 14 for isolating the outer sleeve 13 and the gas cover 14. When the arc is started, a high-frequency oscillating voltage is generated between the electrode seat 1 and the nozzle seat 9 to ensure that the ion gas can be broken down at the mouth of the nozzle.

[0040] In order to ensure good sealing inside the planing torch, sealing rings are provided between the insulating sleeve 11 and the sealing sleeve 12, between the electrode holder 1 and the sealing sleeve 12, between the nozzle holder 9 and the sealing sleeve 12, between the nozzle holder 9 and the nozzle, between the nozzle and the electrode 3, and between the electrode 3 and the electrode rod 2.

[0041] It should be noted that the inner walls of the first protective gas channel 30, the first purge gas channel 25 and the first water inlet channel 34 are all provided with threads; various gases such as air and inert gas can be introduced through the ion gas interface 21; the ion gas path, the purge gas path and the protective gas path do not interfere with each other, and the ion gas can be adjusted separately, the purge gas can be adjusted separately, and the protective gas can be adjusted separately.

[0042] In addition, it should be noted that a planing torch with gas channels of different lengths and diameters can be selected as needed, and the flow rate of the gas introduced into the ion gas interface 21, the purge gas interface 22 and the shielding gas interface 28 in the planing torch and the order of gas introduction can be changed to achieve control of the direction, current density, arc column diameter, length and directivity of the plasma arc, thereby achieving precise control of the shape, depth and removal rate of the planing seam, and ultimately completing the gas planing work.

[0043] The working principle of the multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing the arc shape provided by the present invention is: When the air plasma arc gouging torch is working, ion gas is introduced through the ion gas interface 21, and the ion gas passes through the first ion gas channel 23 and the second ion gas channel 24 in turn into the ion gas chamber 8, and then enters the nozzle from the ion gas chamber 8, and is ionized at the nozzle mouth to form a plasma arc; at the same time, cooling water is introduced through the water inlet interface 20, and the cooling water passes through the first water inlet channel 34, the second water inlet channel 35, the water core 6, the third water inlet channel 36, the fourth water inlet channel 37, the fifth water inlet channel 38, the water guide trough 39, the first water return channel 40, the second water return channel 41 and the water return pipe 4 2. The electrode 3 and the nozzle are circulated and cooled down, and the shielding gas is introduced through the shielding gas interface 28. The shielding gas passes through the first shielding gas channel 30, the first transfer channel 31, the second transfer channel 32 and the second air inlet in sequence. After being discharged, it intersects with the plasma arc at one point to maintain the stability of the plasma arc. The purge gas is introduced through the purge gas interface 22. The purge gas passes through the first purge gas channel 25 and the second purge gas channel 26 in sequence and enters the purge gas chamber 15. Finally, it is discharged through the first air outlet 18 provided on the gas cover 14. After being discharged, it intersects with the gas path of the plasma arc and the shielding gas at one point; When the shape of the plasma arc needs to be changed, the gas cover 14 is rotated to change the position of the first gas outlet 18 relative to the nozzle mouth, so that the shape of the plasma arc can be changed, thereby changing the width, depth and direction of the planing seam.

[0044] Embodiment 2 of the multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology provided by the present invention: The main difference between it and Example 1 is: In Embodiment 1, the number of the first air outlet holes is three.

[0045] In this embodiment, the number of the first air outlet holes is one or two.

[0046] Embodiment 3 of the multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology provided by the present invention: The main difference between it and Example 1 is: In Example 1, the number of purge gas interfaces is two.

[0047] In this embodiment, the number of the purge gas interfaces is one or three.

[0048] According to the above description of this specification, those skilled in the art may also understand that the terms used below, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "width", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like, which indicate orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings of this specification, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the explanation of the scheme of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than explicitly or implicitly indicating that the devices or elements involved must have the specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above-mentioned orientation or positional relationship terms cannot be understood or interpreted as limitations on the scheme of the present invention.

[0049] In addition, in the description of this specification, “plurality” means at least two, for example, two, three or more, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

Claims

1. A multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology, characterized in that: The invention comprises an electrode seat, one end of which is provided with a hollow electrode rod, and the other end is used for connecting with a gun body, an electrode is provided at the end of the electrode rod facing away from the electrode seat, a nozzle is provided at an air sleeve outside the electrode, a water core is provided inside the electrode, a vortex ring is provided between the electrode and the nozzle, an ion gas chamber is formed between the vortex ring, the electrode and the nozzle, a nozzle seat is provided at the end of the nozzle facing away from the mouth, a nozzle pressing sleeve is provided between the nozzle seat and the nozzle; an insulating sleeve is provided at an air sleeve outside the electrode seat, a sealing sleeve and a jacket are provided at the outer sleeve of the insulating sleeve, an air cap is provided at the end of the sealing sleeve facing the nozzle, a purge air chamber is formed between the air cap, the nozzle and the insulating sleeve, the air cap comprises a cover body connected with the sealing sleeve, an air ring is provided at the end of the cover body facing away from the sealing sleeve, and the air ring A first air outlet is provided on the top for spraying out purge gas, and there is an intersection between the blowing direction of the purge gas and the blowing direction of the plasma gas; an end plate is provided at the end of the insulating sleeve away from the nozzle, the electrode seat is located at the center of the end plate and penetrates the end plate, and a water inlet interface, an ion gas interface and a purge gas interface are provided on the end plate along the circumference of the electrode seat; a first ion gas channel connected to the ion gas interface is provided in the insulating sleeve, and a second ion gas channel connecting the first ion gas channel and the ion gas chamber is formed between the electrode and the nozzle; a first purge gas channel connected to the purge gas interface is provided in the insulating sleeve, and a second purge gas channel connecting the first purge gas channel and the purge gas chamber is formed between the sealing sleeve and the outer sleeve.

2. The multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transfer chamber is provided on the insulating sleeve at one end of the first purge gas channel away from the purge gas interface, and a transfer hole connecting the transfer chamber and the second purge gas channel is provided on the sealing sleeve.

3. The multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are two purge gas interfaces, each of which is equipped with a first purge gas channel, and ends of the two first purge gas channels meet in the transfer chamber.

4. The multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A protective gas interface is provided on the end plate, and a protective cover is provided on the outer circumference of the nozzle facing one end of the insulating sleeve. A first protective gas channel connected to the protective gas interface is provided in the insulating sleeve, and the inner wall of the first protective gas channel is provided with a thread, and an end thereof away from the protective gas interface is provided with a first transfer channel extending toward the sealing sleeve, and a second transfer channel connected to the first transfer channel is formed between the insulating sleeve and the sealing sleeve, and a plurality of second air outlet holes that are evenly spaced along the circumference and consistent with the extension direction of the nozzle mouth are provided on the nozzle pressing sleeve for discharging protective gas, a third transfer channel connected to the second air outlet is provided on the nozzle seat, and a fourth transfer channel connecting the second transfer channel and the third transfer channel is provided on the sealing sleeve, and the protective cover has a diameter reduction section, and its radial dimension on the side close to the nozzle mouth is smaller than its radial dimension on the side away from the nozzle mouth.

5. The multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: An electrode rod insulating sleeve is arranged between the electrode rod and the nozzle pressing sleeve.

6. The multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: A first water inlet channel connected to the water inlet interface is provided in the insulating sleeve, a second water inlet channel connected to the first water inlet channel is provided on the electrode seat, the second water inlet channel is connected to the water core, a third water inlet channel connected to the water core is formed between the electrode rod and the water core, a fourth water inlet channel connected to the third water inlet channel is provided on the insulating sleeve, a fifth water inlet channel connected to the fourth water inlet channel is provided on the nozzle seat, a water guide groove is provided on the nozzle surrounding its surface and extending to the front end of the nozzle pressing sleeve, a first water return channel connected to the water guide groove is provided on the insulating sleeve, and a second water return channel connected to the first water return channel and the water return pipe on the electrode seat is provided.

7. The multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology according to claim 6, characterized in that: The inner walls of the first purge gas channel and the first water inlet channel are both provided with threads.

8. The multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology according to claim 7, characterized in that: The second water inlet channel is located on a side of the water return pipe facing the water core.

9. The multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The insulating sleeve has a boss between the electrode seat and the nozzle seat for isolating the electrode seat from the nozzle seat.

10. The multi-gas plasma arc gouging torch capable of changing arc morphology according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The insulating sleeve has a boss between the outer sleeve and the gas cover for isolating the outer sleeve from the gas cover.

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