Soil additive for improving soil quality and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an additive for improving soil texture and a preparation method thereof, and the additive for improving soil texture contains a biological agent or a chemical pesticide or a garlic bulb leaching solution, the number of effective viable bacteria in the biological agent is 20-40 billion / g; the chemical pesticide is one of methyl-m-methyl, fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, phenylate, fludioxonil, clothianidin, doxorufen or fludioxonil and clothianidin. By using the modifier, the purpose of efficiently preventing and treating the root rot can be achieved, and the effect is remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a soil additive for improving soil quality and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Peanuts belong to the genus Arachis in the family Fabaceae of the order Rosales. They are annual herbaceous plants and one of the main oil varieties of high-quality edible oil. In 2022, the province's peanut planting area was 9.146 million mu, with an average yield of 295.2 kg / mu and a total output of 2.7 million tons. Shandong's peanut planting areas are mainly concentrated in Linyi, Qingdao, Yantai, Rizhao, Tai'an, Heze, Weifang, Zaozhuang and other places. The total output in Linyi accounts for about 25% of Shandong Province. The peanut planting area in Qingdao, Yantai and other places hovers between 10% and 16% of the province, and the peanut planting area in Heze accounts for about 10% of the province.

[0003] Peanut root rot is an important factor affecting the growth of peanuts. When root rot occurs, it is easy to cause root rot, fruit rot and other problems. Peanut plants with root rot are short and difficult to bear fruit after flowering. The pathogen that causes root rot is Fusarium, which can adapt to cold environments and can be spread through running water, wind, fertilization, etc.

[0004] The main transmission routes of peanut root rot are: overwintering in the soil with diseased plant residues, infected fruits, seeds and farmyard manure containing diseased residues; the current treatment method is to clean up diseased plants in time, bury them deeply or burn them; clear weeds in the field in time to prevent waterlogging in the farmland; the land for planting peanuts can be deep plowed, and before planting, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied to the deep plowed soil. Sandy land must be deep plowed and additional fertilizer should be applied. The better the peanut plants grow, the stronger their disease resistance. Peanuts must be planted in rotation; plots where root rot has occurred must be rotated; plots with severe disease must be rotated for three years, and plots with milder disease can be rotated every other year, and can be intercropped with sorghum, corn, wheat, cotton, etc.; although these methods have a certain preventive and control effect, the effect is poor.

[0005] Peanut root rot can lead to reduced production and serious loss of economic and social benefits. Therefore, it is of great significance to provide a soil additive that can effectively prevent and treat root rot. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides a soil improver and a preparation method thereof, specifically an additive containing a biological agent or a chemical pesticide or a garlic bulb extract. The improver can achieve the purpose of efficiently preventing and controlling root rot with significant effect.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A soil additive for improving soil quality, containing biological bacteria or chemical pesticide or garlic bulb extract; The biological agent includes an effective live bacterial count of 2-4 billion / g; The chemical pesticide is one of azoxystrobin, fenpropimorph, thiamethoxam, fludioxonil or fludioxonil.

[0008] Preferably, the soil improving additive is used in the form of seed dressing.

[0009] Preferably, the biological agent is a Bacillus agent.

[0010] Preferably, in metalaxyl·fluanid·azocran, the weight ratio of metalaxyl, fludioxonil and azoxystrobin is 1:1:3; in fenpropimorph·fluanid·thiamethoxam, the weight ratio of thiamethoxam, fludioxonil and difenoconazole is 1.2:0.7:1.0; in carbendazim·thiram, the weight ratio of carbendazim and thiram is 0.3:1.0; in fludioxonil·thiamethoxam, the weight ratio of fludioxonil and clothianidin is 0.9:0.2.

[0011] Preferably, when used, the concentration of azoxystrobin is 4%; the concentration of fenpropimorph is 24%; the concentration of dapoxetine is 15%; and the concentration of fludioxonil and clothianidin is 33%.

[0012] Preferably, the dosage of 4% azoxystrobin is 26.7g ai / 100kg seeds, 40g ai / 100kg seeds or 50g ai / 100kg seeds; the dosage of 24% fenpropimorph·pyraclostrobin·thiamethoxam is 160g ai / 100kg seeds; the dosage of 15% dapoxetine·thiamethoxam is 187.5g ai / 100kg seeds; the dosage of 33% fludioxonil·thiamethoxam is 165g ai / 100kg seeds.

[0013] Preferably, the usage of the biological agent is 1440-1600 mg / 100 kg of seeds; at this usage, the control effect on peanut root rot is 86.60%.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation method of garlic bulb extract is as follows: Step 1: Wash the garlic bulbs, drain and set aside; Step 2, putting garlic into a container, controlling the fermentation temperature to 30° C., and fermenting for 3-7 days; after the fermentation is completed, placing the fermentation liquid in an environment of 4° C. and 50% RH for aging for 10-15 days to obtain mash A; Step 3, using a press to press the mash A and collect filtrate A; Step 4, fermenting the filter residue A in step 3 at a temperature of 30° C. for 4-8 days; after the fermentation, aging the fermented liquid at 4° C. and 50% RH for 10-15 days to obtain mash B; The coordinated arrangement of step 2 and step 4 can fully release the effective ingredients in the garlic bulb; Step 5, using a press to press the mash B and collect the filtrate B; Step six, mixing the mash B and the mash A, and evaporating and concentrating them to obtain the product; the evaporation and concentration process can not only achieve the purpose of inactivating the enzyme, but also improve the stability of the garlic bulb extract product.

[0015] The preparation method of the above additive comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing bentonite and biochar in a weight ratio of 1:3-5 to obtain a mixture; (2) The biological agent, chemical pesticide or garlic bulb extract is used in combination with the mixed material to obtain an additive.

[0016] The method of use is as follows: mixing the biological microbial agent or chemical pesticide or garlic bulb extract with seeds and stirring to obtain seed dressing; mixing the seed dressing with the mixed material, wherein the weight ratio of the seed dressing to the mixed material is 1:0.2-0.4; after mixing evenly, peanut seeds to be planted are obtained.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: when using additives containing chemical pesticides, the prevention and control effect of root rot is better; the additive containing garlic bulb extract has a significant inhibitory effect on Fusarium, and can significantly reduce the disease index of root rot; the additive containing biological microbial agent effectively prevents and controls root rot during the entire growth period of peanuts, reduces the use of pesticides, and improves the yield and quality of peanuts; in addition, the additive containing biological microbial agent and garlic bulb extract has the advantages of being green, environmentally friendly and efficient; the additive containing Bacillus microbial agent has a prevention and control effect of 86.6% on root rot, and it can quickly expand and multiply between the rhizosphere of crops, so that it has a good inhibitory effect on pathogens. The improver provided by the present invention can achieve the purpose of efficiently preventing and controlling root rot, and the effect is remarkable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1 A soil additive for improving soil quality, containing biological bacteria, The biological agent is a Bacillus agent, and the effective viable count of the Bacillus agent is 3 billion / g; The preparation method of the above additive comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing bentonite and biochar in a weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain a mixture; (2) using the bacillus agent in combination with the mixed material to obtain an additive; The method of use is to first mix the Bacillus agent with the seeds and then stir to obtain a seed dressing material, wherein the amount of the Bacillus agent used is 1440 mg / 100 kg of seeds; Then, the seed dressing material is mixed with the mixed material, the weight ratio of the seed dressing material to the mixed material is 1:0.3, and after mixing, peanut seeds to be planted are obtained; After the peanut seeds were planted, the prevention and control rate of peanut root rot was 86.60%.

[0020] Example 2 A soil additive for improving soil quality, containing garlic bulb extract; The preparation method of garlic bulb extract is as follows: Step 1: Wash the garlic bulbs, drain and set aside; Step 2, putting garlic into a container, controlling the fermentation temperature to 30° C., and fermenting for 3-7 days; after the fermentation is completed, placing the fermentation liquid in an environment of 4° C. and 50% RH for aging for 10-15 days to obtain mash A; Step 3, using a press to press the mash A and collect filtrate A; Step 4, fermenting the filter residue A in step 3 at a temperature of 30° C. for 4-8 days; after the fermentation, aging the fermented liquid at 4° C. and 50% RH for 10-15 days to obtain mash B; The coordinated arrangement of step 2 and step 4 can fully release the effective ingredients in the garlic bulb; Step 5, using a press to press the mash B and collect the filtrate B; Step 6, mixing the mash B and the mash A, and evaporating and concentrating them to obtain a product; the evaporation and concentration process can not only achieve the purpose of inactivating the enzyme, but also improve the stability of the garlic bulb extract product; The preparation method of the above additive comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing bentonite and biochar in a weight ratio of 1:3 to obtain a mixture; (2) combining the garlic bulb extract with the mixed material to obtain an additive; The method of use is to first mix the garlic bulb extract with the seeds and then stir to obtain a seed dressing, wherein the amount of the Bacillus agent used is 2350 mg / 100 kg of seeds; Then, the seed dressing material is mixed with the mixed material, the weight ratio of the seed dressing material to the mixed material is 1:0.2, and after mixing, peanut seeds to be planted are obtained; After the peanut seeds were planted, the prevention and control rate of peanut root rot was 83.50%.

[0021] Example 3 A soil-improving soil additive that contains chemical pesticides; The chemical pesticide is azoxystrobin-methyl; In metalaxyl-fludioxonil-azoxystrobin, the weight ratio of metalaxyl-fludioxonil to azoxystrobin is 1:1:3; When used, the concentration of azoxystrobin is 4%; The preparation method of the above additive comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing bentonite and biochar in a weight ratio of 1:5 to obtain a mixture; (2) 4% azoxystrobin-methyl is used in combination with the mixed material to obtain an additive; The method of use is to first mix 4% azoxystrobin with seeds and then stir to obtain a seed dressing, wherein the dosage of 4% azoxystrobin is 26.7 g ai / 100 kg seeds; Then, the seed dressing material is mixed with the mixed material, the weight ratio of the seed dressing material to the mixed material is 1:0.2, and after mixing, peanut seeds to be planted are obtained; After the peanut seeds to be planted were planted, the prevention and control rate of peanut root rot was 80.20%.

[0022] Example 4 A soil-improving soil additive that contains chemical pesticides; The chemical pesticides are phenether, pyrochlore and thiamethoxam; In fenpropimorph, fludioxonil and thiamethoxam, the weight ratio of thiamethoxam, fludioxonil and difenoconazole is 1.2:0.7:1.0; When used, the concentration of phenether·pyridamole·thiamethoxam is 24%; The preparation method of the above additive comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing bentonite and biochar in a weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain a mixture; (2) 24% of methyl ether, phenyl ether, pyraclostrobin and thiamethoxam are used in combination with the mixed material to obtain an additive; The method of use is to first mix 24% methyl benzyl ether, pyridoxine, and thiamethoxam with seeds and then stir to obtain a seed dressing material, wherein the amount of 24% pyridoxine, pyridoxine, and thiamethoxam is 160 g ai / 100 kg seeds; Then, the seed dressing material is mixed with the mixed material, the weight ratio of the seed dressing material to the mixed material is 1:0.3, and after mixing, peanut seeds to be planted are obtained; After the peanut seeds to be planted were planted, the prevention and control rate of peanut root rot was 85.20%.

[0023] Example 5 A soil-improving soil additive that contains chemical pesticides; The chemical pesticide is Duofu; In Duofu, the weight ratio of carbendazim to thiram is 0.3:1.0; When used, the concentration of Duofu is 15%; The preparation method of the above additive comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing bentonite and biochar in a weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain a mixture; (2) 15% of Jingduo Fu is used in combination with the mixed material to obtain an additive; The method of use is to first mix 15% Jingduo Fu with seeds and then stir to obtain seed dressing. The dosage of 15% Jingduo Fu is 187.5g ai / 100 kg seeds. Then, the seed dressing material is mixed with the mixed material, the weight ratio of the seed dressing material to the mixed material is 1:0.3, and after mixing, peanut seeds to be planted are obtained; After the peanut seeds were planted, the prevention and control rate of peanut root rot was 81.54%.

[0024] Example 6 A soil-improving soil additive that contains chemical pesticides; The chemical pesticides are fludioxonil and clothianidin; In fludioxonil·clothianidin, the weight ratio of fludioxonil to clothianidin is 0.9:0.2; When used, the concentration of fludioxonil·clothianidin is 33%; The preparation method of the above additive comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing bentonite and biochar in a weight ratio of 1:4 to obtain a mixture; (2) 33% fludioxonil·clothianidin is used in combination with the mixed material to obtain an additive; The method of use is to first mix 33% fludioxonil·clothianidin with seeds and then stir to obtain a seed dressing, wherein the amount of 33% fludioxonil·clothianidin is 165 g ai / 100 kg seeds; Then, the seed dressing material is mixed with the mixed material, the weight ratio of the seed dressing material to the mixed material is 1:0.3, and after mixing, peanut seeds to be planted are obtained; After the peanut seeds were planted, the prevention and control rate of peanut root rot was 89.31%.

[0025] Although the present invention has been described in detail by reference to the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions to the embodiments of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions shall be within the scope of the present invention. Any person of ordinary skill in the art may easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these shall be within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A soil additive for improving soil quality, characterized in that: Containing biological agents or chemical pesticides or garlic bulb extracts; The biological agent includes an effective live bacterial count of 2-4 billion / g; The chemical pesticide is one of azoxystrobin, fenpropimorph, thiamethoxam, fludioxonil or fludioxonil.

2. The soil improving additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil additive for improving soil quality is used in the form of seed dressing.

3. The soil improving additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological bacterial agent is a Bacillus bacterial agent.

4. The soil improving additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: In metalaxyl·fludioxonil·myzoxystrobin, the weight ratio of metalaxyl, fludioxonil and myzoxystrobin is 1:1:3; in fenpropimorph·fludioxonil·thiamethoxam, the weight ratio of thiamethoxam, fludioxonil and fenpropimorph is 1.2:0.7:1.0; in carbendazim·fludioxonil, the weight ratio of carbendazim and thiram is 0.3:1.0; in fludioxonil·thiamethoxam, the weight ratio of fludioxonil and clothianidin is 0.9:0.

2.

5. The soil improving additive according to claim 4, characterized in that: When used, the concentration of azoxystrobin, chlorpyrifos and clothianidin is 4%; the concentration of fenpropimorph, chlorpyrifos and clothianidin is 24%; the concentration of dapoxetine and chlorpyrifos is 15%; and the concentration of fludioxonil and clothianidin is 33%.

6. The soil improving additive according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dosage of 4% azoxystrobin·fluanid·thiamethoxam is 26.7g ai / 100kg seeds, 40g ai / 100kg seeds or 50g ai / 100kg seeds; the dosage of 24% fenpropimorph·fluanid·thiamethoxam is 160g ai / 100kg seeds; the dosage of 15% dapoxetine·fluanid·thiamethoxam is 187.5g ai / 100kg seeds; the dosage of 33% fludioxonil·thiamethoxam is 165g ai / 100kg seeds.

7. The soil improving additive according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dosage of the biological agent is 1440-1600 mg / 100 kg of seeds; at this dosage, the prevention and control effect on peanut root rot is 86.60%.

8. The soil improving additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of garlic bulb extract is as follows: Step 1: Wash the garlic bulbs, drain and set aside; Step 2, putting garlic into a container, controlling the fermentation temperature to 30° C., and fermenting for 3-7 days; after the fermentation is completed, placing the fermentation liquid in an environment of 4° C. and 50% RH for aging for 10-15 days to obtain mash A; Step 3, using a press to press the mash A and collect filtrate A; Step 4, fermenting the filter residue A in step 3 at a temperature of 30° C. for 4-8 days; after the fermentation, aging the fermented liquid at 4° C. and 50% RH for 10-15 days to obtain mash B; The coordinated arrangement of step 2 and step 4 can fully release the effective ingredients in the garlic bulb; Step 5, using a press to press the mash B and collect the filtrate B; Step 6, mixing the mash B and the mash A, and evaporating and concentrating them to obtain the product; The process of evaporation and concentration can not only achieve the purpose of inactivating enzymes, but also improve the stability of the garlic bulb extract product.

9. The method for preparing the soil improving additive according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process is: (1) Mixing bentonite and biochar in a weight ratio of 1:3-5 to obtain a mixture; (2) A biological agent, a chemical pesticide or a garlic bulb extract is used in combination with a mixed material to obtain an additive.