Gas-liquid alternating type heat dissipation device for seabed data center

Abstract

The invention relates to a submarine data center gas-liquid alternate heat dissipation device, which comprises a heat dissipation box, a gas junction station, a gas flow pipeline, a liquid flow pipeline and a heat exchange box, and is characterized in that the heat dissipation box is respectively provided with a first gas inlet, a first water inlet, a first gas outlet and a first water outlet; the heat exchange box is provided with a second air inlet, a second water inlet, a second air outlet and a second water outlet, the first air outlet of the heat dissipation box is connected with a gas converging device, the gas converging device is connected with the second air inlet of the heat exchange box through an airflow pipeline, and the first water outlet of the heat dissipation box is connected with the second water inlet of the heat exchange box through a liquid flow pipeline; a first heat pipe and a second heat pipe are arranged on the heat dissipation box and the heat exchange box respectively. The device is beneficial to improving the heat dissipation efficiency, stability and reliability of the submarine data center.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of submarine heat dissipation, and in particular to a gas-liquid rotation type heat dissipation device for a submarine data center. Background Art

[0002] Data centers are the cornerstone of modern enterprise operations. They centrally manage business and data, promote efficient integration and extensive sharing. This platform integrates advanced planning, professional tools and optimized processes to form a collaborative and intelligent ecosystem. Data storage devices are key and need to operate continuously to ensure real-time and accurate data. However, if the heat generated by long-term operation is not dissipated in time, it will affect equipment performance, shorten life, increase costs, and even cause data loss and system failure.

[0003] With the booming digital economy, big data, cloud computing and AI technologies are widely used, and the demand for data storage and computing power has increased sharply. Traditional data centers face high energy consumption, limited resources and heat dissipation problems, making it difficult to meet development needs. Against this background, submarine data centers stand out as an innovative solution. Microsoft's Natick team proposed this concept in 2014, deploying IT equipment in sealed submarine cabins and using seawater for natural cooling, which greatly reduces energy consumption and has an extremely low failure rate. The system integrates shore stations, power stations, data cabins and cables. It is low-carbon and green, efficient in operation, and requires few personnel. It is a new type of marine engineering that integrates technology, big data and environmental protection concepts.

[0004] Submarine data centers place IT equipment in sealed containers on the seabed. The heat generated by the IT equipment is conducted to the surface by heat sinks, heat pipes and other components. With the help of seawater as a natural cold source, it is introduced into the cooling pipes of the data center, and then heat is exchanged with the equipment cooling system to achieve efficient heat dissipation. Seawater circulates continuously, and a stable flow rate and temperature are maintained through pumping, piping and temperature control devices to ensure optimal operation of the equipment. When the submarine data center is in operation, a large amount of heat energy will be generated by IT equipment, power equipment and refrigeration equipment. Since the data center works uninterruptedly throughout the year, this heat energy is usually continuously and uninterruptedly discharged into the seawater in the form of waste heat. The waste heat recovery technology of the data center mainly uses equipment such as heat pumps to extract and convert the waste heat generated by the data center, and convert it into usable forms of heat energy, such as hot water and steam.

[0005] Given the extreme complexity of the seabed environment and the diversity of microbial populations, pipeline maintenance in submarine data centers is particularly important, and regular and careful cleaning operations are required. This requirement directly leads to the liquid cooling system being shut down in stages according to a set schedule to ensure the smooth progress of maintenance work. In addition, as a dynamically changing factor, the quality of seawater is profoundly affected by multiple external conditions such as ocean current circulation and climate change. When it is monitored that the seawater quality has deteriorated significantly, especially when the corrosive components increase, in order to avoid corrosive seawater intruding into the pipeline and causing irreversible damage to the pipeline structure, the submarine data center must immediately take emergency measures, including but not limited to shutting down the relevant liquid cooling pipeline system, so as to effectively isolate the poor water quality. If the submarine data center is not equipped with a second set of heat dissipation solutions in addition to the liquid cooling system, the data center will face the challenge of heat dissipation difficulties during the shutdown of the liquid cooling pipeline system.

[0006] In addition, when the server load is small, the heat generated is relatively small, and the ambient temperature in the cabin is at a low level, if the liquid cooling system is continuously used, its complex liquid circulation mechanism and additional cooling equipment may face the problem of insufficient utilization, thereby causing relatively high energy consumption. In contrast, the air cooling system has higher energy efficiency in this scenario due to its ability to flexibly adjust the operating power to adapt to low load requirements, which helps to achieve energy conservation. At the same time, in order to further improve energy utilization efficiency, actively respond to reducing carbon emissions, and reduce the impact of submarine data centers on the marine thermal environment, submarine data centers urgently need to accelerate the development of waste heat recovery technology.

[0007] In order to ensure the continuity and stability of the operation of the submarine data center, improve the heat dissipation efficiency, and enhance the energy utilization efficiency, it is necessary to design a new heat dissipation device for the submarine data center. Summary of the invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a gas-liquid rotation type heat dissipation device for a submarine data center, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency, stability and reliability of heat dissipation of the submarine data center.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a gas-liquid rotation heat dissipation device for a submarine data center, comprising a heat dissipation box, a gas manifold, an air flow pipeline, a liquid flow pipeline and a heat exchange box, the heat dissipation box is respectively provided with a first air inlet, a first water inlet, a first air outlet and a first water outlet, the heat exchange box is respectively provided with a second air inlet, a second water inlet, a second air outlet and a second water outlet, the first air outlet of the heat dissipation box is connected to the gas manifold, the gas manifold is connected to the second air inlet of the heat exchange box via the air flow pipeline, the first water outlet of the heat dissipation box is connected to the second water inlet of the heat exchange box via the liquid flow pipeline; the heat dissipation box and the heat exchange box are respectively provided with a first heat pipe and a second heat pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, a plurality of first limiting holes are provided on the front side of the heat sink, and the first heat pipe is installed on the first limiting holes; the first water inlet is provided on the right side of the heat sink to introduce coolant into the heat sink, and the first water outlet is provided on the left side of the heat sink to guide the coolant after absorbing heat in the heat sink, and sealing rings are provided on the first water inlet and the first water outlet to prevent leakage of the coolant in the heat sink; a plurality of first air inlets and a plurality of first air outlets are provided on the top plate of the heat sink, and a first fan and a second fan are respectively provided in each first air inlet and first air outlet, the first fan sucks low-temperature gas into the heat sink, and the second fan guides the gas after absorbing heat in the heat sink into the gas concentrator.

[0011] Furthermore, a rectangular air inlet is provided at the bottom of the gas concentrator, and a circular air outlet is provided on the side of the gas concentrator. The rectangular air inlet covers all the first air outlets and is fixedly installed on the top plate of the heat sink to converge the gas blown out by the second fan, and the circular air outlet sends the gathered gas into the airflow duct.

[0012] Furthermore, a baffle structure and a cover plate structure are provided in the heat dissipation box; the baffle structure includes a baffle, which is vertically installed on the lower part of the top plate of the heat dissipation box, a plurality of first through holes are provided on the baffle and fans are provided in the first through holes, a second through hole is provided on the baffle and an electromagnet is provided in the second through hole, and a coil surrounding the electromagnet is supplied with current in different directions under different working conditions to change the polarity of the electromagnet; a slot is provided on the side wall of the second through hole to engage with the raised structure of the cover plate body; a second limit block and a first limit block are respectively provided on the upper and lower parts of the rear side surface of the baffle, which are respectively used to limit the maximum floating path and the maximum sliding path of the cover plate structure; the cover plate structure includes a cover plate body The cover body comprises a cover body and a buoyancy bag, wherein the cover body is located at the rear side of the baffle structure and covers the fan on the baffle when the cover body floats, the buoyancy bag is fixedly connected to the rear side of the cover body, and the buoyancy bag drives the cover body to float during liquid cooling, and a cover groove is provided on the front side of the cover body, and the bottom of the cover groove is connected to the plastic block forward through a spring, and a permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the front side of the plastic block, and the permanent magnet and the electromagnet in the second through hole of the baffle attract each other, and a clamping block is provided on the side of the plastic block, so that when the cover body moves upward to the point where the cover groove is opposite to the second through hole of the baffle, the permanent magnet and the plastic block move forward under the attraction of the electromagnet and enter the second through hole, and engage with the clamping groove in the second through hole of the baffle through the clamping block.

[0013] Furthermore, the first heat pipe is a spiral fin heat pipe, whose front and rear ends are respectively an evaporation section and a condensation section, and the middle is an insulation section. The condensation section is provided with spiral fins, the evaporation section is located at the heat source of the server, and the condensation section is located in the heat dissipation box.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of second limiting holes are provided on the top of the heat exchanger box, and the second heat pipe is installed on the second limiting holes; the second air inlet is arranged on the right side of the heat exchanger box and connected to the air flow pipe, so as to allow the hot air from the heat dissipation box to pass in; the second water inlet is also arranged on the right side of the heat exchanger box and connected to the liquid flow pipe, so as to allow the high-temperature coolant from the heat dissipation box to pass in; the second air outlet is arranged on the left side of the heat exchanger box, so as to blow the cold air after heat exchange into the cabin; the second water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the heat exchanger box, so as to allow the low-temperature coolant after heat exchange to pass into the condenser, and further cool down by seawater, and the coolant finally flows into the water storage tank; the second water inlet and the second water outlet are both provided with sealing rings to prevent leakage of the coolant in the heat exchanger box.

[0015] Furthermore, a partition is laterally arranged in the heat exchange box, and the partition divides the inner cavity of the heat exchange box into a gas heat exchange cavity on the upper side and a liquid heat exchange cavity on the lower side. A third limiting hole is opened on the partition corresponding to the position of the second limiting hole; the second heat pipe is a spiral fin heat pipe, and its upper and lower ends are respectively a condensation section and an evaporation section, and the middle is an insulating section. Two sections of spiral fins are arranged on the evaporation section, and the second heat pipe passes through the second limiting hole and the third limiting hole, and the condensation section is located outside the heat exchange box, and the two sections of spiral fins of the evaporation section are respectively located in the gas heat exchange cavity and the liquid heat exchange cavity.

[0016] Furthermore, a pneumatic valve is installed on the second air outlet, and the pneumatic valve includes a pressure plate, a ball plug and a spring. The pressure plate is used to receive the pressure of the gas, the ball plug is used to block the second air outlet, and the spring is used to limit the maximum displacement of the ball plug and help the ball plug return to its original position.

[0017] Furthermore, the bottom of the heat exchanger box has a liquid cavity bottom plate, and the liquid cavity bottom plate is a concave structure with high sides and a low center, and the second water outlet is located in the middle of the liquid cavity bottom plate to guide the liquid to flow into the second water outlet; a float valve is installed on the second water outlet, and a fixed rod, a telescopic rod and a third limit block are provided on the second water outlet, the fixed rod is used to fix the telescopic rod, the telescopic rod is connected to the float valve, moves with the float valve, and limits its maximum displacement, and the third limit block is used to limit the position of the float valve to prevent the second water outlet from being blocked.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The device innovatively adopts a gas-liquid rotation refrigeration system, breaking through the limitations of traditional single refrigeration technology. By integrating and intelligently controlling two complementary refrigeration methods, the system can flexibly respond to the complex needs of submarine data centers under different operating conditions, thereby ensuring higher energy efficiency and operating efficiency under various environmental conditions.

[0020] 2. The device combines the characteristics of electromagnets and permanent magnets to build an efficient and smooth-running buckle and slot mechanical structure. This design ensures accurate docking and locking between mechanical components, while simplifying the operating process and improving overall work efficiency and stability. Through the interaction between the dynamic control of the electromagnet and the constant magnetic field of the permanent magnet, the fast response and firm connection of the bayonet and the slot are achieved.

[0021] 3. The cover of the device uses the buoyancy principle of air bags to achieve floating action. This design strategy not only greatly simplifies the operation process, but also innovatively integrates the buoyancy effect of the coolant. By deploying buoyancy bags on the cover, the coolant can not only play its cooling function, but also provide assistance for the stable floating of the cover. The application of this mechanical principle significantly improves the overall efficiency of the device.

[0022] 4. The device is designed with a matching waste heat recovery device. By efficiently recovering and reusing the waste heat generated during the operation of the data center, this system not only maximizes the utilization of energy and significantly improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy, but also reduces the heat emitted to the marine environment, effectively reducing the potential impact of the submarine data center on the marine ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 : is a schematic diagram of the device structure of an embodiment of the present invention (partial housings of the heat dissipation box and the heat exchange box are removed);

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat sink in an embodiment of the present invention (part of the first heat pipe is removed);

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the baffle structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the cover plate structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first heat pipe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat exchange box in an embodiment of the present invention (part of the outer shell and the second heat pipe are removed);

[0030] Figure 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a partition in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a second heat pipe in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pneumatic valve in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.11 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid chamber bottom plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.12 is a schematic structural diagram of a float valve in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Fig.13 is a flow chart for implementing the thermal management method of a submarine data center in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Fig.14 is a flowchart for implementing the working mode adopted by the determination device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.15 is a flow chart for realizing the liquid cooling working mode in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Fig.16 It is a flow chart for realizing the air cooling working mode in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0040] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a gas-liquid rotation heat dissipation device for a submarine data center, including a heat dissipation box 1, a gas manifold 2, an air flow pipeline 3, a liquid flow pipeline 4 and a heat exchange box 5, wherein the heat dissipation box 5 is respectively provided with a first air inlet 6, a first water inlet 7, a first air outlet 8 and a first water outlet 9, and the heat exchange box 5 is respectively provided with a second air inlet 10, a second water inlet 11, a second air outlet 12 and a second water outlet 13, the first air outlet 8 of the heat dissipation box 5 is connected to the gas manifold 2, the gas manifold 2 is connected to the second air inlet 10 of the heat exchange box 5 via the air flow pipeline 3, and the first water outlet 9 of the heat dissipation box 1 is connected to the second water inlet 11 of the heat exchange box 5 via the liquid flow pipeline 4; the heat dissipation box 1 and the heat exchange box 5 are respectively provided with a first heat pipe 14 and a second heat pipe 15.

[0043] In this embodiment, the heat dissipation box structure is as follows Figure 3 As shown. The front side of the heat sink 1 is provided with a plurality of first limiting holes 16, and the first heat pipe 14 is installed on the first limiting holes 16. The first water inlet 7 is provided on the right side of the heat sink 1 to introduce the coolant into the heat sink, and the first water outlet 9 is provided on the left side of the heat sink 1 to discharge the coolant after absorbing heat in the heat sink. Figure 2 As shown, the first water outlet 9 is connected to the water pipe in the heat sink 1 and extends downward to the bottom of the heat sink 1. The first water inlet 7 and the first water outlet 9 are both provided with sealing rings to prevent the coolant in the heat sink from leaking. A plurality of first air inlets 6 and a plurality of first air outlets 8 are provided on the top plate of the heat sink 1. A first fan 17 and a second fan 18 are respectively provided in each of the first air inlets 6 and the first air outlets 8. The first fan 17 draws the low-temperature gas in the cabin into the heat sink, and the second fan 18 guides the gas after absorbing heat in the heat sink into the gas confluence.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, a rectangular air inlet is provided at the bottom of the gas concentrator 2, and a circular air outlet 19 is provided on the side of the gas concentrator 2. The rectangular air inlet 2 covers all the first air outlets and is fixedly mounted on the top plate of the heat sink 1 to converge the gas blown out by the second fan, and the circular air outlet 19 delivers the gathered gas into the airflow duct 3.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the heat dissipation box 1 is provided with a baffle structure and a cover structure. Figure 4As shown, the baffle structure includes a baffle 20, and the baffle 20 is vertically installed on the lower part of the top plate of the heat sink 1. The baffle 20 is provided with a plurality of first through holes and a fan 21 is arranged in the first through hole. The baffle 20 is provided with a second through hole 22 and an electromagnet 23 is arranged in the second through hole 22. The coil surrounding the electromagnet 23 is supplied with current in different directions under different working conditions to change the polarity of the electromagnet. A slot is provided on the side wall of the second through hole 22 to engage with the raised structure of the cover body 26. A second limit block 24 and a first limit block 25 are respectively provided on the upper and lower parts of the rear side surface of the baffle 20, which are respectively used to limit the maximum floating path and the maximum sliding path of the cover mechanism. A guide groove or a guide rail can be provided on the rear side surface of the baffle 20, and a slider can be correspondingly provided on the front side surface of the cover mechanism and embedded in the guide groove or the guide rail to realize its up and down movement relative to the baffle. As shown Figure 5 As shown, the cover structure includes a cover body 26 and a buoyancy bag 27. The cover body 26 is located at the rear side of the baffle structure and covers the fan 21 on the baffle 20 when it floats. The buoyancy bag 27 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the cover body 26. The buoyancy bag 27 drives the cover body 26 to float during liquid cooling. A cover groove 28 is opened on the front side of the cover body 26. The bottom of the cover groove 28 is connected to the plastic block 30 through a spring 29. The plastic block 30 is connected to the cover body 26 through a spring 29. The front side of the block 30 is fixedly connected with a permanent magnet 31, and the permanent magnet 31 and the electromagnet 23 in the second through hole 22 of the baffle 20 attract each other. The side of the plastic block 30 has a card block 32, so that when the cover body 26 moves upward to the cover groove 28 and the second through hole 22 of the baffle 20, the permanent magnet 31 and the plastic block 30 move forward under the attraction of the electromagnet 23 and enter the second through hole 22, and the card block 32 is engaged with the card groove in the second through hole 22 of the baffle 20. The card block 32 is designed with two slopes on both sides, which can be pushed in or pulled out. By changing the current direction of the coil on the electromagnet, the polarity of the electromagnet can be changed, and then a thrust or a pull can be generated on the permanent magnet on the card block, thereby pushing or pulling the card block.

[0046] like Figure 6 As shown, the first heat pipe 14 is a spiral fin heat pipe, the front and rear ends of which are respectively an evaporation section 141 and a condensation section 142, and the middle is an insulation section 143. The condensation section 142 is provided with spiral fins 144. The evaporation section 141 is located at the heat source of the server, and the condensation section 142 is located in the heat dissipation box.

[0047] In this embodiment, the heat exchange box structure is as follows Figure 7As shown. The top of the heat exchange box 5 is provided with a plurality of second limiting holes 33, and the second heat pipe 15 is installed on the second limiting holes; the second air inlet 10 is arranged on the right side of the heat exchange box 5 and connected to the air flow pipe 3, so as to introduce the hot air from the heat dissipation box; the second water inlet 11 is also arranged on the right side of the heat exchange box 5 and connected to the liquid flow pipe 4, so as to introduce the high-temperature coolant from the heat dissipation box; the second air outlet 12 is arranged on the left side of the heat exchange box 5, so as to blow the cold air after heat exchange into the cabin; the second water outlet 13 is arranged at the bottom of the heat exchange box 5, so as to introduce the low-temperature coolant after heat exchange into the condenser, and further cool down by seawater, and the coolant finally flows into the water storage tank; the second water inlet 11 and the second water outlet 13 are both provided with sealing rings to prevent the leakage of the coolant in the heat exchange box.

[0048] like Figure 7 , 8 As shown, a partition 34 is transversely arranged in the heat exchange box 5, and the partition 34 divides the inner cavity of the heat exchange box 5 into an upper gas heat exchange cavity 35 and a lower liquid heat exchange cavity 36. A third limiting hole 37 is opened on the partition 34 corresponding to the position of the second limiting hole 33. Fig. 9 As shown, the second heat pipe 15 is a spiral fin heat pipe, and its upper and lower ends are respectively a condensation section 151 and an evaporation section 152, and the middle is an insulation section 153. The evaporation section 152 is provided with two sections of spiral fins 154. The second heat pipe 15 passes through the second limiting hole 33 and the third limiting hole 37, and the condensation section 151 is located outside the heat exchange box 5, and the two sections of spiral fins of the evaporation section 152 are respectively located in the gas heat exchange cavity 35 and the liquid heat exchange cavity 36.

[0049] like Fig.10 As shown, a pneumatic valve is installed on the second air outlet 12, and the pneumatic valve includes a pressure plate 38, a ball plug 39 and a spring 40. The pressure plate 38 is used to receive the pressure of the gas, the ball plug 39 is used to block the second air outlet, and the spring 40 is used to limit the maximum displacement of the ball plug and help the ball plug return to its original position.

[0050] like Fig.11 As shown, the bottom of the heat exchange box 5 has a liquid cavity bottom plate 41, and the liquid cavity bottom plate 41 is a concave structure with high sides and low center, and the second water outlet 13 is located in the middle of the liquid cavity bottom plate 41 to guide the liquid to flow into the second water outlet 13. Figure 7 , 12As shown, a float valve 42 is installed on the second water outlet 13, and the float valve is composed of a liquid baffle 46 and a float 47. A fixed rod 43, a telescopic rod 44 and a third limit block 45 are provided on the second water outlet 13. The fixed rod 43 is used to fix the telescopic rod 44. The telescopic rod 44 is connected to the float valve 42, moves with the float and limits its maximum displacement. The third limit block is used to limit the position of the float to prevent the second water outlet from being blocked.

[0051] The working principle of the gas-liquid rotation heat dissipation device for the submarine data center provided by this embodiment is further explained below.

[0052] 1 Liquid Cooling Working Principle

[0053] 1.1 Working principle of heat sink under liquid cooling

[0054] During the stable operation of the submarine data center, the device is designed to adopt an efficient liquid cooling mechanism for moderate to heavy server loads. In liquid cooling mode, all cooling fans of the heat sink automatically stop working. Driven by the water pump, the coolant is continuously injected into the heat sink through the first water inlet, and the water level in the box rises steadily. Once the water level touches and exceeds the preset threshold of the first liquid level sensor, the electromagnet built into the baffle adjusts the direction of the current and reverses its polarity to attract the permanent magnet fixed in the cover with magnetic force. As the water level continues to rise, the buoyancy bag drives the cover to float upward until the top of the cover touches the second limit block. At this time, the permanent magnet slides precisely into the electromagnet channel under the strong attraction of the electromagnet, and the plastic protrusion fits tightly with the channel groove, effectively shielding the fan area and preventing the coolant from directly eroding the fan.

[0055] When the water level in the heat sink exceeds the limit set by the second liquid level sensor, the water pump is automatically activated to discharge the coolant in the heat sink through the first water outlet and transport it to the heat exchange box via the liquid flow pipeline for waste heat recovery and further cooling to maintain the cooling efficiency of the system.

[0056] On the contrary, when the temperature in the cabin drops, when it is necessary to reduce refrigeration costs or perform pipeline maintenance, or when dealing with poor external water quality, the system will switch to air-cooled heat dissipation mode. At this time, the first water inlet is closed, the injection of coolant into the heat sink is stopped, and the water level in the box gradually drops. When the water level falls below the first liquid level sensor, the direction of the electromagnet current is adjusted again, and the polarity is reversed, causing the permanent magnet and the plastic block to retract into the cover under the combined action of the spring restoring force and the magnetic repulsion. Subsequently, the cover plate drops steadily as the water level drops until it contacts the first limit block and stabilizes. When the water level further drops below the third liquid level sensor, the first water outlet stops pumping water to ensure that the system smoothly transitions to air-cooled heat dissipation state.

[0057] In the above heat dissipation cycle, the coolant in the heat dissipation box fully flows through and efficiently cools the first heat pipe, which, as a key heat transfer element, effectively absorbs and transfers the heat generated by the server. Subsequently, the fully cooled heat pipe releases this low-temperature energy to the inside of the server again, thereby achieving comprehensive and sufficient cooling of the server and ensuring the stability and performance optimization of the server under high load operation.

[0058] 1.2 Working principle of heat exchanger under liquid cooling

[0059] During the operation of the liquid cooling mode, the liquid flow pipeline accurately guides the coolant into the liquid cavity of the heat exchanger box. At this time, an efficient heat exchange process occurs between the coolant and the heat pipe fins. As the coolant is continuously injected, the water level in the heat exchanger box rises steadily, and the float drives the liquid baffle to slowly float up due to the buoyancy. During this floating process, the telescopic rod under the liquid baffle gradually extends to its maximum length, and then the liquid baffle stops rising, ensuring the dynamic adjustment of the water outlet. Specifically, as the liquid baffle floats up, the opening area of ​​the second water outlet gradually increases, thereby promoting a corresponding increase in the water output and effectively preventing the accumulation of coolant in the heat exchanger box.

[0060] When the heat exchanger mode is switched to air cooling, the coolant in the heat exchanger is gradually consumed because it is no longer injected, and the water level drops accordingly. This change causes the buoyancy of the float to decrease, which in turn drives the liquid baffle to slowly sink. When the liquid baffle touches the third limit block, its sinking action stops. At this time, although the second water outlet has shrunk, it still maintains a certain gap to allow the remaining coolant to be smoothly discharged from the heat exchanger body, ensuring the cleanliness and dryness of the system.

[0061] In the above heat exchange process, the liquid chamber of the heat exchanger acts as a key area for heat transfer, where the high-temperature coolant and the second heat pipe conduct a comprehensive and in-depth heat exchange. Subsequently, the second heat pipe efficiently transfers the captured heat to the absorption refrigeration unit, realizing the on-site utilization and conversion of waste heat, which not only improves the overall energy utilization efficiency, but also significantly reduces the potential thermal impact of the submarine data center on the surrounding marine environment, reflecting the green and sustainable environmental protection concept.

[0062] 2. Working principle of air cooling

[0063] 2.1 Working principle of heat sink under air cooling

[0064] In the specific situation where the submarine data center faces the maintenance and cleaning of the liquid flow pipeline, the water quality of the seawater outside the cabin is not up to standard, or the gas temperature in the cabin is low and the server load is relatively light, the device will automatically switch to the air cooling mode. In this mode, the first fan, as the initial power source, is responsible for efficiently sucking the gas in the cabin into the heat dissipation box through the carefully designed first air inlet, and the fan on the baffle is also started synchronously to optimize the airflow path. At the same time, the second fan is also in operation. Its function is to forcefully blow the hot flow gas accumulated in the heat dissipation box into the gas concentrator. Then these gases are guided to the gas heat exchange chamber of the heat exchange box through the precisely laid out airflow pipeline to prepare for the next step of the heat exchange process.

[0065] In the entire air-cooled heat dissipation system, multiple fans work together to build an optimized air circulation path. This path ensures that the airflow inside the heat dissipation box can flow in a predetermined high-efficiency mode, and achieves sufficient and effective convection heat exchange with the first heat pipe arranged in the box. In this process, the heat accumulated on the first heat pipe is fully absorbed and carried away by the airflow, thereby achieving effective cooling of key components such as servers and ensuring the stable operation of the data center in complex environments.

[0066] 2.2 Working principle of heat exchanger under air cooling

[0067] When the air-cooling mode is operated on the heat sink, the precisely designed airflow duct system is responsible for efficiently transporting the high-temperature gas accumulated in the heat sink to the gas chamber of the heat exchange box to achieve waste heat recovery and reuse. The airflow flows through the carefully arranged spiral fin structure on the surface of the second heat pipe in the chamber, which greatly enhances the heat exchange efficiency. The gas is then guided back to the data center cabin through the second air outlet.

[0068] However, a mechanical adjustment mechanism is provided inside the gas chamber of the heat exchanger to cope with special situations. When the amount of gas in the chamber exceeds the preset threshold, causing the pressure to rise significantly, the pressure plate will be subjected to the gas pressure, which will in turn exert inward pressure on the ball plug, forcing it to partially embed into the second air outlet. This is intended to dynamically adjust the air flow speed, prolong the gas residence time in the heat exchanger by slowing down the air flow rate, thereby enhancing the heat exchange effect and ensuring that the heat can be more fully captured and transferred.

[0069] During the entire waste heat recovery and heat exchange process, the second heat pipe, as a key heat transfer element, not only conducts comprehensive and in-depth heat exchange with the high-temperature hot air, but is also responsible for efficiently transferring the collected heat to the absorption refrigeration unit. This innovative design realizes the on-site conversion and utilization of waste heat, which not only greatly improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy, but also effectively reduces the heat released by the submarine data center to the surrounding marine environment.

[0070] In this embodiment, based on the above-mentioned gas-liquid rotation type heat dissipation device, a thermal management method for a submarine data center is also implemented, such as Fig.13 As shown, the thermal management of the submarine data center is achieved in the following steps:

[0071] S1: Start the gas-liquid rotation heat dissipation device and run the system embedded with the thermal management method.

[0072] S2: Obtain the first detection parameter through sensors inside and outside the cabin and the device, perform calculations based on the obtained first detection parameter, and then determine the working mode adopted by the device based on the calculation results: liquid cooling working mode or air cooling working mode.

[0073] S3: If the working mode adopted by the judgment device in step S2 is the liquid cooling working mode, the second detection parameter is further collected, and the PID control algorithm and the PWM control technology are combined to determine the pump power of the water pump (the water pump in the gas-liquid rotation type heat dissipation device, that is, the driving device of the liquid cooling working mode) in the liquid cooling working mode; if the working mode adopted by the judgment device in step S2 is the air cooling working mode, the third detection parameter is further collected, and the PID control algorithm and the PWM control technology are combined to determine the motor power of the fan (the first fan and the second fan in the gas-liquid rotation type heat dissipation device, that is, the driving device of the air cooling working mode) in the air cooling working mode.

[0074] S4: Periodically determine and update the working mode of the device according to a preset time length; if the number of times the working mode of the device is switched within a first time threshold exceeds the first number threshold, the device is forced to run the liquid cooling working mode until the liquid cooling working mode runs for longer than a second time threshold, and then continue to periodically determine and update the working mode of the device.

[0075] This design idea is to prevent the device's working mode from switching frequently within a period of time when the required physical parameters are in a state of frequent fluctuations, which will affect the service life of the device. Therefore, when the working mode switches frequently, the device is forced to run in liquid cooling mode for a period of time to wait for the external parameters to stabilize. The forced use of liquid cooling working mode is to prevent the server temperature from being too high and to protect data security, so as to avoid the cooling capacity of air cooling being insufficient to meet the heat dissipation requirements during forced operation, thereby causing damage to the server.

[0076] like Fig.14 As shown, in step S2, determining the working mode adopted by the device includes the following steps:

[0077] S201: Enter the working mode switching procedure.

[0078] S202: The system detects whether an operation and maintenance instruction for the liquid cooling system has been received. If an operation and maintenance instruction is received, the air cooling working mode is directly selected because the liquid cooling system cannot work normally. If no operation and maintenance instruction is received, the system proceeds to the next step S203.

[0079] S203: The system obtains the second detection parameter related to the seawater quality through biosensors, nanosensors and electrochemical sensors installed in the seawater environment outside the cabin, and evaluates the seawater quality accordingly; if the seawater quality is poor (worse than the set threshold), especially when it is highly corrosive, in order to prevent the seawater from seriously corroding the pipes in the cabin when the cabin introduces seawater to cool the coolant, the cabin will stop introducing seawater and close the pipes to reduce the corrosion of the seawater on the pipes in the cabin. At this time, the liquid cooling system cannot operate normally, so the air cooling working mode is selected; if the seawater quality is good (better than the set threshold), the next step S204 is entered. Among them, the biosensor can detect the corrosion of metals by microorganisms in seawater. For example, the biofilm formed by microorganisms on the metal surface will accelerate the corrosion process. The biosensor can detect the formation and activity of such biofilm, so as to evaluate the corrosion risk of the metal; the nanosensor can detect trace corrosive substances in seawater, such as certain specific organic acids or biological metabolites. In addition, it can also be used to detect microscopic changes on the metal surface, such as the formation of corrosion pits or cracks, so as to provide detailed information on the degree of corrosion.

[0080] S204: If the full-power operation time of the fan motor exceeds the third time threshold, switch to the liquid cooling operation mode; if the full-power operation time of the fan motor does not exceed the third time threshold, enter the next step S205.

[0081] This design is intended to deal with situations where the motor may run at full power for a long time due to a sensor failure or other fault, or the motor power just meets the current cabinet cooling requirements, but the temperature is maintained slightly higher for a long time, which is not good for the health of the equipment. This continuous high load causes the motor to heat up seriously and increases the risk of failure. Therefore, the design integrates a mechanism to automatically switch to liquid cooling mode to ensure safe and stable operation of the system and protect the motor and cabinet from overheating damage.

[0082] S205: The system detects the signals of the temperature sensors distributed in various areas of the cabin, obtains the cabin temperature, the temperature of the coolant in the tank, and the server temperature, and obtains the first influencing factor according to the mapping relationship corresponding to the cabin temperature; obtains the second influencing factor according to the mapping relationship corresponding to the temperature of the coolant in the tank; obtains the third influencing factor according to the mapping relationship corresponding to the server temperature, and obtains the first comprehensive factor by combining the first influencing factor, the second influencing factor, and the third influencing factor, and then enters the next step S206. In this embodiment, the first comprehensive factor is obtained by multiplying the first influencing factor, the second influencing factor, and the third influencing factor, that is:

[0083] The first comprehensive factor = the first impact factor * the second impact factor * the third impact factor.

[0084] S206: Input the first comprehensive factor calculated in step S205 into the rule library for matching, and then determine the device working mode: liquid cooling working mode or air cooling working mode.

[0085] like Fig.15 As shown, in step S3, the method for implementing the liquid cooling working mode includes:

[0086] S301: Start the liquid cooling working mode of the device.

[0087] S302: Obtain the third detection parameter representing the key temperature information in the cabin through the temperature sensors distributed in various areas of the cabin, including the cabinet temperature, the water temperature of the heat dissipation water inlet, and the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet water of the heat exchanger box; the cabinet temperature a represents the heat dissipation demand of the server; the water temperature b of the heat dissipation water inlet represents the heat transfer capacity of the coolant; the temperature difference c of the inlet and outlet water of the heat exchanger box represents the waste heat recovery efficiency; the next step S303 is calculated based on the third detection parameter, so that the updated water pump power can meet the heat dissipation demand of the server, compensate for the influence of the coolant water temperature on the heat transfer capacity, adapt to the waste heat recovery capacity of the device, and improve the waste heat recovery efficiency.

[0088] S303: Using the water temperature b at the water inlet of the heat sink as the feedforward control and the temperature difference c at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger as the feedback control, both are input into the PID control algorithm to optimize the parameters.

[0089] In this scenario, the water temperature at the heat sink inlet can be considered a predictable input change or system state change because it is directly related to the performance and heat dissipation capacity of the cooling system. When the coolant temperature rises, it indicates that the cooling system may be about to reach its performance limit and the server temperature may rise accordingly. In order to prevent this from happening, the coolant temperature is input into the PID control system as a feedforward control to adjust the pump power in advance, that is, increase the coolant flow rate to compensate for the effect of the coolant temperature on the heat dissipation efficiency of the liquid cooling system.

[0090] In addition, in order to maximize the recovery of waste heat in the coolant, it may be necessary to increase the flow rate of the coolant so that there is more heat exchange in the heat exchanger. This usually means that the power of the pump needs to be increased to drive the coolant circulation. However, the higher the pump power, the better. Excessive pump power will increase energy consumption and operating costs, and may cause excessive pressure or increased wear in other parts of the system. Therefore, according to the waste heat recovery efficiency, it is input into the PID control system as a feedback control to appropriately adjust the pump power, that is, change the coolant flow rate, to adapt to the waste heat recovery capacity of the device and improve the waste heat recovery efficiency.

[0091] S304: Input the difference e(t)=da between the cabinet temperature a and the cabinet target temperature d into the PID control algorithm to calculate the final output μ(t), that is:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, K P , K i , K d They are proportional, integral and differential gains respectively.

[0094] S305: Obtain a PWM duty cycle Y1 corresponding to μ(t) according to the first mapping relationship.

[0095] S306: Adjust the water pump power according to the PWM duty cycle Y1.

[0096] like Fig.16 As shown, in step S3, the method for implementing the air cooling working mode includes:

[0097] S401: Start the air cooling working mode of the device.

[0098] S402: By detecting the temperature sensor signals distributed in various areas of the cabin, the cabinet temperature e, the cabin temperature f and the temperature difference g of the gas in the inlet and outlet pipes of the heat exchanger box are obtained; the cabinet temperature e represents the heat dissipation demand of the server; the cabin temperature f represents the heat transfer capacity of the air in the cabin; the temperature difference g of the gas in the inlet and outlet pipes of the heat exchanger box represents the waste heat recovery efficiency; based on the above three key parameters, the next step S403 is calculated, so that the updated fan motor power can meet the heat dissipation demand of the server, compensate for the influence of the cabin gas temperature on the heat transfer capacity, adapt to the waste heat recovery capacity of the device, and improve the waste heat recovery efficiency.

[0099] S403: Using the cabin temperature f as the feedforward control and the temperature difference g of the gas in the inlet and outlet pipes of the heat exchange box as the feedback control, both are input into the PID control algorithm to optimize the parameters.

[0100] Since the cabin temperature directly affects the cooling effect, the high temperature environment will increase the burden on the cooling system, and the high temperature gas has poor heat carrying capacity, so the motor power needs to be increased to maintain the system temperature. Therefore, the cabin temperature is used as a feedforward control input into the PID control system to adjust the motor power in advance, that is, to increase the cabin gas flow rate to compensate for the impact of the cabin gas temperature on the heat dissipation efficiency of the liquid cooling system.

[0101] In addition, in order to maximize the recovery of waste heat from high-temperature gas, the gas flow rate needs to be adjusted to improve the heat exchange efficiency, so the motor power needs to be increased. However, excessive power not only consumes a lot of energy and is costly, but may also damage the system. Therefore, the waste heat recovery efficiency is used as post-feedback, and the motor power is intelligently adjusted through the PID control system, that is, the gas flow rate is optimized and the recovery capacity of the device is matched, thereby improving the waste heat recovery efficiency.

[0102] S404: Input the difference λ(t)=eh between the cabinet temperature e and the cabinet target temperature h into the PID control algorithm to calculate the final output λ(t), that is:

[0103]

[0104] Among them, K P , K i , K d They are proportional, integral, and differential gains, but because the heat dissipation indicators of air cooling and liquid cooling are different, the corresponding device operating powers are also different, so the parameters in the PID are different from those in the liquid cooling system.

[0105] S405: Obtain a PWM duty cycle Y2 corresponding to λ(t) according to the second mapping relationship.

[0106] S406: Adjust the fan motor power according to the PWM duty cycle Y2.

[0107] The thermal management method for the submarine data center provided in this embodiment integrates and judges multiple influencing factors to automatically switch the working mode of the device and adjust the operating power of the pump and the motor. It not only greatly improves the heat dissipation capacity of the system and stably and reliably meets the heat dissipation requirements of the server, but also optimizes the energy utilization efficiency, realizes the maximum utilization of resources and significantly improves energy efficiency, and provides strong technical support and guarantee for the green and efficient operation of the underwater data center.

[0108] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the above disclosed technical content to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention still belongs to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas-liquid rotation heat dissipation device for a submarine data center, characterized in that: It includes a heat dissipation box, a gas manifold, an air flow pipeline, a liquid flow pipeline and a heat exchange box, the heat dissipation box is respectively provided with a first air inlet, a first water inlet, a first air outlet and a first water outlet, the heat exchange box is respectively provided with a second air inlet, a second water inlet, a second air outlet and a second water outlet, the first air outlet of the heat dissipation box is connected to the gas manifold, the gas manifold is connected to the second air inlet of the heat exchange box via the air flow pipeline, the first water outlet of the heat dissipation box is connected to the second water inlet of the heat exchange box via the liquid flow pipeline; the heat dissipation box and the heat exchange box are respectively provided with a first heat pipe and a second heat pipe.

2. The gas-liquid rotation heat dissipation device for a submarine data center according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of first limiting holes are provided on the front side of the heat sink, and the first heat pipe is installed on the first limiting holes; the first water inlet is provided on the right side of the heat sink to introduce cooling liquid into the heat sink, and the first water outlet is provided on the left side of the heat sink to guide the cooling liquid after absorbing heat in the heat sink, and sealing rings are provided on the first water inlet and the first water outlet to prevent leakage of the cooling liquid in the heat sink; a plurality of first air inlets and a plurality of first air outlets are provided on the top plate of the heat sink, and a first fan and a second fan are respectively provided in each first air inlet and first air outlet, the first fan sucks low-temperature gas into the heat sink, and the second fan guides the gas after absorbing heat in the heat sink into the gas concentrator.

3. The gas-liquid rotation heat dissipation device for a submarine data center according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A rectangular air inlet is provided at the bottom of the gas concentrator, and a circular air outlet is provided on the side of the gas concentrator. The rectangular air inlet covers all the first air outlets and is fixedly installed on the top plate of the heat sink to converge the gas blown out by the second fan, and the circular air outlet sends the gathered gas into the airflow duct.

4. The gas-liquid rotation type heat dissipation device for a submarine data center according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The heat sink is provided with a baffle structure and a cover structure; the baffle structure comprises a baffle, the baffle is vertically mounted on the lower part of the top plate of the heat sink, a plurality of first through holes are provided on the baffle and fans are provided in the first through holes, a second through hole is provided on the baffle and an electromagnet is provided in the second through hole, and a coil surrounding the electromagnet is supplied with currents of different directions under different working conditions to change the polarity of the electromagnet; a slot is provided on the side wall of the second through hole to engage with the raised structure of the cover body; a second limit block and a first limit block are respectively provided on the upper and lower parts of the rear side surface of the baffle, which are respectively used to limit the maximum floating path and the maximum sliding path of the cover structure; the cover structure comprises a cover body and A buoyancy bag, wherein the cover plate body is located at the rear side of the baffle structure and covers the fan on the baffle when it floats, the buoyancy bag is fixedly connected to the rear side of the cover plate body, and the buoyancy bag drives the cover plate body to float during liquid cooling, a cover plate groove is provided on the front side of the cover plate body, the bottom of the cover plate groove is connected to the plastic block forward through a spring, a permanent magnet is fixedly connected to the front side of the plastic block, the permanent magnet and the electromagnet in the second through hole of the baffle attract each other, and a clamping block is provided on the side of the plastic block, so that when the cover plate body moves upward to the point where the cover plate groove is opposite to the second through hole of the baffle, the permanent magnet and the plastic block move forward under the attraction of the electromagnet and enter the second through hole, and engage with the clamping groove in the second through hole of the baffle through the clamping block.

5. The gas-liquid rotation heat dissipation device for a submarine data center according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first heat pipe is a spiral fin heat pipe, the front and rear ends of which are respectively an evaporation section and a condensation section, and the middle is an insulation section. The condensation section is provided with spiral fins. The evaporation section is located at the heat source of the server, and the condensation section is located in the heat dissipation box.

6. The gas-liquid rotation heat dissipation device for a submarine data center according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of second limiting holes are provided on the top of the heat exchange box, and the second heat pipe is installed on the second limiting holes; the second air inlet is arranged on the right side of the heat exchange box and connected to the air flow pipeline, so as to allow the hot air from the heat dissipation box to pass through; the second water inlet is also arranged on the right side of the heat exchange box and connected to the liquid flow pipeline, so as to allow the high-temperature coolant from the heat dissipation box to pass through; the second air outlet is arranged on the left side of the heat exchange box, so as to blow the cold air after heat exchange into the cabin; the second water outlet is arranged at the bottom of the heat exchange box, so as to allow the low-temperature coolant after heat exchange to pass into the condenser, and further cool down by seawater, and the coolant finally flows into the water storage tank; the second water inlet and the second water outlet are both provided with sealing rings, so as to prevent the leakage of the coolant in the heat exchange box.

7. The gas-liquid rotation heat dissipation device for a submarine data center according to claim 6, characterized in that: A partition is horizontally arranged in the heat exchange box, and the partition divides the inner cavity of the heat exchange box into a gas heat exchange cavity on the upper side and a liquid heat exchange cavity on the lower side. A third limiting hole is opened on the partition corresponding to the position of the second limiting hole; the second heat pipe is a spiral fin heat pipe, and its upper and lower ends are respectively a condensation section and an evaporation section, and the middle is an insulation section. Two sections of spiral fins are arranged on the evaporation section. The second heat pipe passes through the second limiting hole and the third limiting hole, and the condensation section is located outside the heat exchange box, and the two sections of spiral fins of the evaporation section are respectively located in the gas heat exchange cavity and the liquid heat exchange cavity.

8. The gas-liquid rotation heat dissipation device for a submarine data center according to claim 6, characterized in that: A pneumatic valve is installed on the second air outlet, and the pneumatic valve includes a pressure plate, a ball plug and a spring. The pressure plate is used to receive the pressure of the gas, the ball plug is used to block the second air outlet, and the spring is used to limit the maximum displacement of the ball plug and help the ball plug return to its original position.

9. The gas-liquid rotation heat dissipation device for a submarine data center according to claim 6, characterized in that: The bottom of the heat exchange box has a liquid cavity bottom plate, which is a concave structure with high sides and a low center, and the second water outlet is located in the middle of the liquid cavity bottom plate to guide the liquid to flow into the second water outlet; a float valve is installed on the second water outlet, and a fixed rod, a telescopic rod and a third limit block are provided on the second water outlet, the fixed rod is used to fix the telescopic rod, the telescopic rod is connected to the float valve, moves with the float valve, and limits its maximum displacement, and the third limit block is used to limit the position of the float valve to prevent the second water outlet from being blocked.

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