Fine-grain tailing-based seedling raising substrate as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a fine grain tailing-based rice seedling substrate and a preparation method thereof. The fine grain tailing-based rice seedling raising substrate comprises the following components: fine grain tailings, fresh animal waste powder, a modifier A and diatomite. The fine grain tailing rice seedling raising substrate has excellent water and fertilizer retention performance, can effectively improve the soil structure and physicochemical properties, improves the air permeability and water retention of the substrate, promotes plant growth, and reduces dependence on soil resources and influences on the environment. The fine grain tailing-based rice seedling substrate prepared by the invention is wide in material source and simple in preparation process, has the advantages of promoting healthy and strong growth of seedlings, enabling seedlings to emerge neatly, being developed in root system, multiple and long in root system, strong in root system coiling force, high in seedling rate, high in comprehensive quality of the seedlings and the like, and has a relatively wide application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation substrates, and in particular to a fine-grained tailings-based seedling cultivation substrate, a preparation method thereof, and application thereof in rice seedling cultivation. Background Art

[0002] The mechanized sowing method used in rice production is still mainly based on nutrient soil.

[0003] Rice seedling medium is a cultivation medium made of organic and inorganic materials and biological and chemical agents according to the needs of rice seedlings. Rice seedling medium replaces traditional soil to a certain extent, reducing the exploitation and destruction of land resources. Compared with soil seedling cultivation, rice seedling medium is efficient, economical, environmentally friendly, has strong controllability in production, can avoid soil-borne diseases, is convenient for long-distance transportation and transplanting, and is convenient for mechanized management.

[0004] At the same time, with the rapid development of mineral processing technology in my country, the tailings waste particles after mineral processing have shown a trend of becoming finer, and the resource utilization of fine tailings is a key issue that needs to be solved urgently. Fine tailings have a small particle size, low particle cohesion, and poor mechanical properties of the accumulation body. It is an industrial solid waste with complex mineral composition and poor physical and chemical properties. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the problem of soil source of traditional seedling substrate and the technical problem of large-scale storage of fine-grained tailings, in the first aspect, the present invention conducts in-depth research on the water-holding characteristics of fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling substrate, and provides a fine-grained tailings-based seedling substrate, which can solve the problem of soil source of traditional rice seedling substrate and the technical problem of large-scale storage of fine-grained tailings, provide a new way for the disposal of fine-grained tailings resources, and achieve a win-win situation for social development and ecological environmental protection.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A fine-grained tailings-based seedling culture matrix comprises, by mass percentage, 93.26-96.02% of fine-grained tailings, 3-5% of animal excrement, 0.16-0.24% of a natural high-molecular flocculant and 0.82-1.5% of diatomaceous earth.

[0008] Preferably, based on mass percentage, it includes 95.34% of fine tailings, 3% of animal feces, 0.16% of natural polymer flocculant and 1.5% of diatomaceous earth.

[0009] Preferably, the natural polymer flocculant is selected from one or a mixture of starch, cellulose, chitosan, lignin or polyacrylamide.

[0010] Preferably, the animal manure is selected from one or a mixture of pig manure, chicken manure, duck manure, goose manure, cow manure, sheep manure and horse manure.

[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned fine-grained tailings-based seedling substrate in rice seedling cultivation.

[0012] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned fine-grained tailings-based seedling substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0013] Step (1), pre-treating the fine tailings;

[0014] Step (2), adding animal feces, natural polymer flocculant and diatomaceous earth into the fine tailings and mixing them evenly.

[0015] Preferably, the animal manure is animal manure powder.

[0016] Preferably, the animal feces powder is a powder obtained by grinding, and is naturally air-dried and then sieved through a sieve to remove impurities for later use.

[0017] Preferably, the animal feces powder is a powder obtained by grinding with a planetary ball mill.

[0018] Preferably, in step (1), the pretreatment comprises the following steps:

[0019] The fine-grained tailings are air-dried, and impurities and stones with a particle size of >5mm are removed, and then dried.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention conducts in-depth research on the water-holding characteristics of fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling substrates, and provides a fine-grained tailings-based seedling substrate and its preparation method and application, which can solve the soil source problem of traditional rice seedling substrates and the problem of large-scale storage of fine-grained tailings, and provide a new way to dispose of fine-grained tailings resources, achieving a win-win situation for social development and ecological environment protection. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling substrate of the present invention realizes the large-scale disposal of fine-grained tailings, promotes the reuse of fine-grained tailings resources, and achieves the goal of sustainable development.

[0023] 2. The fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling substrate of the present invention realizes the harmless treatment of fresh animal feces, providing an effective way to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by agricultural waste. The fresh animal feces are used to prepare the rice seedling substrate, turning waste into treasure and realizing the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0024] 3. The fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling substrate of the present invention has excellent water retention capacity, improves the air permeability of the soil, improves the growth of rice seedlings, and lays a foundation for the green reclamation of mining areas with fine-grained tailings.

[0025] 4. The natural polymer flocculant in the fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling substrate formula of the present invention can improve the soil flocculation ability of fine-grained tailings and maintain its water-holding properties; the specific proportion of diatomaceous earth improves the soil particle size of fine-grained tailings, slows down the rate of water loss in the fine-grained tailings, and enhances the water retention performance; fresh animal feces powder belongs to agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry waste, which can quickly and effectively supplement the organic matter content, effectively increase the organic matter content in the tailings, and realize the comprehensive utilization of solid waste in the form of "reduction, resource utilization, and harmlessness". It is a practical technology that conforms to the concept of circular economy and has practical application value.

[0026] 5. The fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling matrix material of the present invention has a wide range of sources, a scientific and reasonable ratio, is easy to implement, pollution-free, low-priced, and has a low production cost. It can quickly and effectively increase the organic matter content in the fine-grained tailings, and provide a suitable environment for the growth of rice seedlings. It has a wide range of applications, strong operability, and is easy to promote and apply to other types of fine-grained tailings ponds, and has great promotion and application value. At the same time, it can effectively solve the problem of soil difficulty in factory-based rice seedling cultivation. At the same time, the present invention is used for rice seedling cultivation, and watering is only required according to the needs of the rice seedlings during the seedling stage, which simplifies the seedling cultivation procedure and greatly reduces the seedling cultivation cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the contact filter paper method in specific embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a soil-water characteristic curve diagram of the fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling medium in specific embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a SEM image of the fine-grained tailings seedling matrix in specific embodiment 5 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention is clearly described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0031] The sources and chemical composition of the fine tailings used in the following Examples 1-5 of the present invention are analyzed as follows:

[0032] The fine tailings required by the present invention are taken from a mining area in Luobei County, Hegang City, Heilongjiang Province, China.

[0033] The particle size of fine tailings is less than 2mm, and the content of particles with a particle size greater than 0.075mm accounts for 64.16%, which is classified as extra-fine sand.

[0034] The mineral phase composition of fine tailings was determined by X-ray diffractometer. The main chemical component of fine tailings is SiO2, which has a content of 53.173%. The contents of Al2O3, CaO and Fe2O3 are also high. In addition, it also contains a small amount of chemical components such as SO3, K2O and TiO2.

[0035] The diatomaceous earth used in the following Examples 1-5 of the present invention was taken from a mining area in Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province. The experimental methods not mentioned are conventional experimental methods and will not be described in detail here.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Based on the orthogonal experimental design, fresh animal manure powder, natural polymer flocculant and diatomaceous earth were added to the fine tailings in the proportions shown in Table 1 and mixed thoroughly.

[0038] Table 1 Orthogonal experimental design scheme

[0039]

[0040] Example 2

[0041] The matrix suction was measured by the contact filter paper method. Figure 2 Each group of experiments was designed with 10 moisture contents, 3%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, and 22%. Three parallel specimens were prepared for each moisture content for evaporation test.

[0042] The relationship between mass moisture content and evaporation time was obtained by the ring knife method, as shown in Table 2.

[0043] Table 2 Evaporation test results

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] According to the data in Table 2, the maximum residual moisture content of group E2 is 3.39%, while the minimum residual moisture content of group E1 is 0.98%.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] The saturated volume moisture content, field volume moisture content, and capillary volume moisture content were measured by the ring knife method, and the specific data results are shown in Table 3. From the data in the table, it can be seen that the maximum saturated volume moisture content of group E3 is 52.07%, the maximum capillary volume moisture content of group E3 is 47.47%, the maximum field volume moisture content of group E3 is 35.45%, and the maximum residual volume moisture content of group E2 is 3.39%.

[0049] Table 3 Water content index data results

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] From the data analysis in Table 3, it can be seen that the dosage of diatomaceous earth and natural polymer flocculant has a great influence on the moisture content index. The two are mixed with the internal particles of the fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling matrix to change its internal structure, retaining as much water as possible in the fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling matrix, thereby improving the water holding capacity of the fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling matrix.

[0053] Example 4

[0054] The orthogonal test results were analyzed by range analysis. Through the test results, the range of the mean of the residual moisture content of each group of fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling substrate samples at each factor level was calculated. The larger the range result, the greater the influence of the material on the test results. At the same time, the optimal level of different influencing factors can be obtained according to the range analysis method. The range analysis results of the influence of different materials on the residual moisture content of fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling substrate are shown in Table 4 and Figure 3 shown.

[0055] According to the analysis, the residual volume moisture content of group E2 is the largest at 3.39%, and the residual volume moisture content of group E1 is the smallest at 0.98%. It can be seen that the amount of diatomaceous earth in the fine-grained tailings-based rice seedling substrate is proportional to the residual volume moisture content. In addition, the significance of the orthogonal test on the influence of multiple factors is mainly reflected by the range. From the range R value in Table 4, it can be seen that the range of diatomaceous earth > the range of natural polymer flocculant > the range of fresh animal feces powder, so the order of significance of the three improved materials on the substrate suction is: diatomaceous earth > natural polymer flocculant > fresh animal feces powder. By comparing the mean k, the local optimal combination of the experiment is obtained: B2C2D3, that is, the local optimal ratio of the experiment is 4% of fresh animal feces powder, 0.16% of natural polymer flocculant, and 1.5% of diatomaceous earth.

[0056] Table 4. Range analysis of orthogonal test on the effect of improved materials on soil-water characteristic curve

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] Note: E1-E9 in Table 4 are technical solutions of the present invention, and the sum of their proportions is 100%, wherein fine tailings are not shown, and the proportion of fine tailings is 100% - animal manure - diatomaceous earth - natural polymer flocculant.

[0060] Among them, K1-K3 is the sum of the test results corresponding to the level number i in any column;

[0061] k1-k3 is k = K / s, where s is the number of times each level appears in any column;

[0062] It can also be seen from the test data that the matrix obtained in the embodiment of the present invention achieves a good water holding effect.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] The fresh animal feces powder, natural polymer flocculant and diatomaceous earth in the present invention complement each other and are indispensable. Under SEM microscopic characterization, the three improved materials synergistically promote the formation of a new agglomerate structure. At the same time, most of the graphite tailings particles do not exist alone. The graphite tailings particles are attached and inlaid by the improved materials under water conditions, and compounded to form a new agglomerate structure. The addition of the improver material enhances the water holding capacity of the graphite tailings, which is mainly due to the cementation effect that enhances the cohesiveness of the graphite tailings and forms new agglomerates, which can fill the pores.

[0065] It should be noted that the preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementation methods described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is only limited by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A fine-grained tailings-based seedling matrix, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it includes 93.26% to 96.02% of fine-grained tailings, 3% to 5% of animal excrement, 0.16% to 0.24% of natural high molecular flocculant and 0.82% to 1.5% of diatomaceous earth.

2. A fine-grained tailings-based seedling matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: Calculated by mass percentage, it includes 95.34% fine tailings, 3% animal manure, 0.16% natural polymer flocculant and 1.5% diatomaceous earth.

3. A fine-grained tailings-based seedling matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural polymer flocculant is selected from one or a mixture of starch, cellulose, chitosan, lignin or polyacrylamide.

4. A fine-grained tailings-based seedling matrix according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The animal excrement is selected from one or a mixture of pig excrement, chicken excrement, duck excrement, goose excrement, cow excrement, sheep excrement and horse excrement.

5. Use of a fine-grained tailings-based seedling substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in rice seedling cultivation.

6. A method for preparing a fine-grained tailings-based seedling substrate according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The steps include: Step (1), pre-treating the fine tailings; Step (2), adding animal feces, natural polymer flocculant and diatomaceous earth into the fine tailings and mixing them evenly.

7. The method for preparing a fine-grained tailings-based seedling matrix according to claim 6, characterized in that: The animal excrement is animal excrement powder.

8. The method for preparing a fine-grained tailings-based seedling matrix according to claim 7, characterized in that: The animal excrement powder is a powder obtained by grinding, and is naturally air-dried and then sieved through a sieve to remove impurities for later use.

9. The method for preparing a fine-grained tailings-based seedling substrate according to claim 8, characterized in that: The animal excrement powder is a powder obtained by grinding with a planetary ball mill.

10. A method for preparing a fine-grained tailings-based seedling substrate according to any one of claims 6-9, characterized in that: In step (1), the pretreatment includes the following steps: The fine-grained tailings are air-dried, and impurities and stones with a particle size > 5mm are removed, and then dried.

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