Soybean thin-planting high-yield planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a soybean thin-planting high-yield planting method. The method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting soybeans with many branches, dense pods, no lodging, good stress resistance and convergent leaves as seeds; (2) selecting seeds by using a seed selecting machine or manually, removing diseased beans, bean halves, irregular soybeans and sundries, and ensuring that soybean seedlings emerge uniformly; 3) dressing the selected seeds with a soybean total coating agent to prevent and control diseases and insect pests; (4) according to the requirement of soybean varieties on accumulated temperature, the varieties with high accumulated temperature need to be sown early, and the varieties with low accumulated temperature need to be sown late; 5, a precision dibbler is used for sowing in a single seedling hole during sowing, about 2 jin of seeds are used per mu, about 20 jin of special soybean fertilizer is applied per mu, and 6, the sowing plant spacing ranges from 25 cm to 30 cm, soil covering is carried out by about 4 cm, pressing is carried out on the next day, soil moisture is raised, and weed killing sealing pesticide is sprayed on windy days.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a soybean sparse planting and high-yield planting method. Background Art

[0002] Because soybeans are sparsely planted with good ventilation and light transmission, the soybean pods are densely formed at the bottom of the plants, and the bottom pods tend to burst during mechanical harvesting. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a sparsely planted high-yield soybean planting method to solve the existing problems.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a soybean sparse planting high-yield planting method, comprising the following specific steps: 1) Select soybeans with many branches, dense pods, no lodging, good stress resistance, and astringent leaves as seeds; 2) Select the seeds by seed selection machine or manually, remove diseased beans, bean shells, irregular soybeans and debris to ensure uniform emergence of soybeans; 3) After selection, mix the seeds with soybean general dressing agent to prevent diseases and insect pests; 4) When sowing, the soybean varieties should be based on their requirements for accumulated temperature. Varieties with high accumulated temperature should be sown early, while varieties with low accumulated temperature requirements should be sown late. 5) When sowing, use a precision seeder to sow in a single seedling eye, with a seed rate of about 2 jin per mu and about 20 jin of soybean fertilizer per mu; 6) Plant the seeds 25 to 30 cm apart and cover with about 4 cm of soil. Press down the soil to increase moisture the next day and spray weed killer on a windless day.

[0005] Preferably, in step 4), the ground temperature during sowing must be stably above 8°C.

[0006] Preferably, after selecting the seeds, the seeds should be air-dried for two days in sunny weather before being ready for sowing. Air-drying is beneficial to improving seed rooting and germination and increasing soybean yield.

[0007] Preferably, it is best to prepare the land in autumn before sowing to ensure soil moisture. If the soil moisture is insufficient in spring, water the soil appropriately. When fertilizing the land, choose organic fertilizer as much as possible to ensure adequate nutrition for the soybeans. In the later stage of soybean growth, add foliar fertilizer according to the actual growth situation of the soybeans to maximize the quality and yield of the soybeans.

[0008] Preferably, in preventing weeds in soybean fields, sethoxydim can be sprayed during the period from sowing to emergence to seal the soybean soil. After the soybeans take root and sprout, the drug Nabujing can be sprayed to remove grass weeds. To remove broad-leaved weeds in soybeans, bentazon can be sprayed to achieve the purpose of killing weeds.

[0009] Preferably, when controlling soybean diseases and pests, it starts at the sowing period. Soybean seeds can be mixed with soybean seed dressing agents to enhance the protection ability of soybean seeds themselves. In addition, because the growth stages of soybeans are different, the control of diseases and pests is also different. Therefore, when controlling diseases and pests, appropriate agents are selected in a targeted manner to carry out targeted soybean disease and pest control work at different growth stages of soybeans. Generally speaking, some drugs such as carbendazim wettable powder or carbendazim suspension can be selected to carry out soybean insect and disease control work. When soybean borers appear and enter the prosperous period, soybeans are controlled by cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate. If soybeans have downy mildew, they can be controlled by ethylenediamine wettable powder.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the planting method of the present invention allows the interior of sparsely planted soybeans to be irradiated with sunlight, increasing the illumination area of ​​the leaves; increasing the illumination area and improving the utilization rate of light energy are the keys to high soybean yield; it solves the contradiction between the group and the individual competing for fertilizer and water during the growth of soybeans, thereby enabling the soybeans to absorb and utilize light, water and fertilizer during the growth process; it can save seeds and increase production. Implementation

[0011] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0012] Example 1, sparse planting and high-yield planting method of soybeans. In the sparse planting and high-yield cultivation technology of soybeans, it is very important to choose the variety. Soybeans with many branches, dense pods, no lodging, good stress resistance, and astringent leaves should be selected as seeds.

[0013] Before sowing, the seeds should be selected by a seed selection machine or manually, and diseased beans, bean shells, irregular soybeans and debris should be removed to ensure that the soybeans emerge evenly. After selection, the seeds should be mixed with soybean general dressing agent to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. When sowing, according to the requirements of soybean varieties for accumulated temperature, the measures I took were: varieties requiring high accumulated temperature should be sown early, and varieties requiring low accumulated temperature should be sown late. We are in the third accumulated temperature zone of Heilongjiang Province. Soybean varieties that require accumulated temperature above 2400℃ are sown in late April, because the daytime temperature in late April is above 20℃ all year round. Early sowing can ensure the accumulated temperature required for the growth period of soybeans. In May, there are more cold waves, the temperature is unstable, and the temperature fluctuates. Varieties that require accumulated temperature below 2400℃ are sown in early May, and sowing should be done when the temperature rises. Regardless of the time of sowing, the ground temperature must be stable above 8℃. When sowing, a precision seed drill is used for single seedling eye sowing, with a seed rate of about 2 catties per mu and about 20 catties of soybean fertilizer per mu. Because the plant spacing is relatively large, the competition between the group and the individual for fertilizer and water is alleviated, which reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and alleviates soil compaction. The sowing plant spacing is 25 to 30 cm, and the soil is covered with about 4 cm. The soil is pressed down to increase moisture on the second day, and weed killer and sealing drugs are sprayed on windless days.

[0014] Soybean seed processing: After selecting the seeds, they need to be dried in the sun. Choose sunny weather to dry them for two days before they are ready for sowing. Drying them in the sun helps improve seed rooting and germination, and increase soybean yield.

[0015] It is best to prepare the land in autumn before sowing to ensure soil moisture. If the soil moisture is insufficient in spring, water the soil appropriately. When fertilizing the land, choose organic fertilizer as much as possible to ensure that the soybeans have sufficient nutrition. In the late growth stage of soybeans, add foliar fertilizer according to the actual growth of soybeans to maximize the quality and yield of soybeans.

[0016] In the prevention of weeds in soybean fields, you can spray acetochlor from the time of sowing to before the emergence of the seedlings to seal the soybean soil. After the soybeans have taken root and sprouted, you can spray with Nabujing to remove the grass weeds. To remove the broad-leaved weeds in soybeans, spray with bentazon to achieve the purpose of killing the weeds.

[0017] When controlling soybean diseases and pests, it should be started during the sowing period. Soybean seeds can be mixed with soybean seed dressing agents to enhance the protection ability of soybean seeds themselves. In addition, because the growth stages of soybeans are different, the control of diseases and pests is also different. Therefore, when controlling diseases and pests, appropriate agents should be selected to carry out targeted soybean disease and pest control work at different growth stages of soybeans. Generally speaking, some drugs such as carbendazim wettable powder or benzimidazole suspension can be selected to carry out soybean insect and disease control work. When soybean borers appear and enter the prosperous period, soybeans are controlled by cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate. If soybeans have downy mildew, they can be controlled by ethylene phosphazene aluminum wettable powder. These control methods can effectively increase soybean yields.

[0018] Last year, the soybean planting area in Heilongjiang Province was 68.5 million mu. If the sparse planting and high-yield cultivation technology is promoted this year, 6 kilograms of seeds can be saved per mu, and 411 million kilograms of soybeans can be saved in the province. If the yield is increased by 200 kilograms per mu, the province can increase soybean production by 137 million kilograms, which is a considerable benefit.

[0019] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A sparsely planted high-yield soybean planting method, characterized in that: The specific steps include: 1) Select soybeans with many branches, dense pods, no lodging, good stress resistance, and astringent leaves as seeds; 2) Select the seeds by seed selection machine or manually, remove diseased beans, bean shells, irregular soybeans and debris to ensure uniform emergence of soybeans; 3) After selection, mix the seeds with soybean general dressing agent to prevent diseases and insect pests; 4) When sowing, the soybean varieties should be based on their requirements for accumulated temperature. Varieties with high accumulated temperature should be sown early, while varieties with low accumulated temperature requirements should be sown late. 5) When sowing, use a precision seeder to sow in a single seedling eye, with a seed rate of about 2 jin per mu and about 20 jin of soybean fertilizer per mu; 6) Plant the seeds 25 to 30 cm apart and cover with about 4 cm of soil. Press down the soil to increase moisture the next day and spray weed killer on a windless day.

2. The soybean sparse planting and high-yield planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4), the soil temperature during sowing must be stably above 8°C.

3. The soybean sparse planting and high-yield planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step 2), after selecting the seeds, the seeds need to be air-dried for two days in sunny weather before being ready for sowing. Air-dried seeds are beneficial to improving the rooting and germination of seeds and increasing soybean yield.

4. The soybean sparse planting and high-yield planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is best to prepare the land in autumn before sowing to ensure soil moisture. If soil moisture is insufficient in spring, water the soil appropriately. When fertilizing the land, choose organic fertilizer as much as possible to ensure adequate nutrition for soybeans. In the later stage of soybean growth, add foliar fertilizer according to the actual growth situation of soybeans to maximize soybean quality and yield.

5. The soybean sparse planting and high-yield planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In preventing weeds in soybean fields, you can spray sethoxydim during the period from sowing to emergence to seal the soybean soil. After the soybeans take root and sprout, you can spray with Nabujing to remove grass weeds. To remove broad-leaved weeds in soybeans, spray with bentazon to achieve the purpose of killing weeds.

6. The soybean sparse planting and high-yield planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When controlling soybean diseases and pests, it should be started during the sowing period. Soybean seeds can be mixed with soybean seed dressing agents to enhance the protection ability of soybean seeds themselves. In addition, because the growth stages of soybeans are different, the control of diseases and pests is also different. Therefore, when controlling diseases and pests, appropriate agents should be selected to carry out targeted soybean disease and pest control work at different growth stages of soybeans. Generally speaking, some drugs such as carbendazim wettable powder or carbendazim suspension can be selected to carry out soybean insect and disease control work. When soybean borers appear and enter the prosperous period, soybeans can be controlled with cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate. If soybeans have downy mildew, they can be controlled with ethylene phosphazene wettable powder.