Modifier for saline-alkali dry farmland as well as application and use method of modifier

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali dry farmland improvement. The invention provides a modifier for saline-alkali dry farmland as well as application and a use method of the modifier. The modifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn straws, 27-31 parts of corncobs, 17-23 parts of peanut shells, 13-17 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of humic acid, 0.4-0.6 part of polyglutamic acid and 0.4-0.6 part of wood vinegar powder. The multifunctional bio-based modifier provided by the invention is suitable for improvement and utilization of moderately severe saline-alkaline dry farmland, effectively reduces the saline-alkaline degree, increases the content of organic matters and nutrients, and promotes the growth of plants. After the fertilizer is applied for 2-3 years, the normal cultivation level is reached, long-term cultivation and utilization of moderate and severe saline-alkali soil can be realized by combining conventional soil improvement and fertilization measures, the cultivated area is supplemented, the per unit yield of crops is improved, and the national grain safety is guaranteed. The multifunctional bio-based macromolecular modifier has great application prospect and popularization potential in improvement and utilization of moderate and severe saline-alkali soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali dry land improvement, and in particular to an improver for saline-alkali dry land and an application and use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, the technical principle of applying improvers to improve saline-alkali land is mainly through ion exchange, replacing sodium ions with calcium ions, removing salt with drainage, reducing the degree of alkalinity and improving soil structure. This improver is mainly suitable for the improvement of saline-alkali paddy fields and has a certain effect, but it is not effective for saline-alkali dry fields. Irrational application may even cause problems such as secondary salinization. On the one hand, the ion exchange process in saline-alkali dry fields is difficult to occur, because ion exchange generally occurs during tillage and under suitable redox environmental conditions; on the other hand, the replaced sodium ions cannot be leached and removed. If they are retained in the tillage layer, salt suppression will be further increased. Existing technologies such as the application of various composite improvers based on phosphogypsum in saline-alkali dry fields may have a certain effect when the application amount of the improver is generally above 20 tons / hectare. This effect may be the physical effect of the improver rather than the ion exchange effect, and large-scale application will change the distribution of salt ions and increase the difficulty of governance.

[0003] Most of the ingredients of the current improvers are relatively traditional, and most of them are centered on reducing alkali and improving fertilizer, such as citric acid, humic acid, organic fertilizer, etc. These substances have certain effects in neutralizing alkalinity and improving fertilizer, but the amount of application is insufficient, resulting in the effect failing to achieve the expected result. On the contrary, the large-scale application of organic fertilizer brings many negative effects. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an improver for saline-alkali dry land and its application and use method, so as to reduce complex obstacle factors and realize the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali dry land.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides an improver for saline-alkali dry land. The improver comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn stalks, 27-31 parts of corn cobs, 17-23 parts of peanut shells, 13-17 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of humic acid, 0.4-0.6 parts of polyglutamic acid and 0.4-0.6 parts of wood vinegar powder.

[0007] Preferably, the improver comprises the following components in parts by weight: 29 parts of corn stalks, 30 parts of corn cobs, 20 parts of peanut shells, 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of humic acid, 0.5 parts of polyglutamic acid, and 0.5 parts of wood vinegar powder.

[0008] The invention also provides application of the improver in improving saline-alkali dry land.

[0009] Preferably, the saline-alkali dry land is moderately to severely saline-alkali land.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for using the improver, comprising the following steps: applying the improver on the land surface and then rotary tilling it into a deep soil layer.

[0011] Preferably, the amount of the improver used is 15 to 20 tons per hectare, and the depth of the rotary tillage is 20 to 25 cm.

[0012] The present invention provides an improver for saline-alkali dry fields and its application and use method, the improver comprises the following components by weight: 25-35 parts of corn stalks, 27-31 parts of corn cobs, 17-23 parts of peanut shells, 13-17 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of humic acid, 0.4-0.6 parts of polyglutamic acid, and 0.4-0.6 parts of wood vinegar powder. The multifunctional improver of the present invention is mainly based on bio-based raw materials, improves and reduces alkali from the root, and the granular material made of bio-based raw materials has a significant improvement on the physical structure of the soil, which can break the compaction, block the diffusion layer of sodium ions, and reduce the alkalinity based on the alkali principle caused by sodium. The multifunctional improver of the present invention is also added with a high molecular polymer, the main component of which is polyglutamic acid, which is a high molecular polymer with numerous carboxyl functional groups that can complex cations, especially for univalent sodium ions, the complexing strength is higher, thereby achieving salt reduction, and at the same time having a water retention effect, preventing the formation of saline-alkali crust, and being conducive to seed germination. The multifunctional improver of the present invention also includes humic acid and wood vinegar powder to further adjust the acid-base, promote salt and alkali reduction, activate nutrients, and promote plant growth. The bio-based improver also fertilizes the soil, achieving the effect of improving soil fertility based on the principle of "fertilizer eats salt". In summary, the multifunctional bio-based polymer improver has significant effects on reducing the salinity of the soil, increasing the content of organic matter and nutrients, and increasing plant growth. It reduces the complex obstacles of moderate to severe saline-alkali land from multiple aspects such as promoting aggregation, retaining water, adjusting acid and alkali, and expanding nutrient dissolution, and promotes plant growth and yield formation. The application rate of the improver is 15-20t / hm 2 , cost 16,500-22,000 yuan / hm 2 It is expected that after 2 to 3 years of improvement, the moderately and severely saline-alkali land will reach normal cultivation levels. Combined with conventional soil improvement and fertilization measures such as returning straw to the field and applying organic fertilizers, long-term cultivation and utilization of moderately and severely saline-alkali land can be achieved. Multifunctional bio-based polymer improvers have great application prospects and promotion potential for the improvement and utilization of moderately and severely saline-alkali land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a diagram of the implementation process (spreading amendments, tilling the soil, ridging, deep loosening / inter-tillage in sequence);

[0014] Figure 2 This is the effect diagram after implementation;

[0015] Figure 3 To investigate the effects of soil amendments on soil salinity, nutrient content, and corn yield;

[0016] Figure 4 To study the application amount and application effect mechanism of multifunctional solid improver;

[0017] Figure 5 The effect of the application amount of amendment on soil salinity, nutrient content and oat grass growth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The invention provides an improver for saline-alkali dry land. The improver comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn stalks, 27-31 parts of corn cobs, 17-23 parts of peanut shells, 13-17 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of humic acid, 0.4-0.6 parts of polyglutamic acid and 0.4-0.6 parts of wood vinegar powder.

[0019] In the present invention, the improver preferably includes the following components in parts by weight: 29 parts of corn stalks, 30 parts of corn cobs, 20 parts of peanut shells, 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of humic acid, 0.5 parts of polyglutamic acid, and 0.5 parts of wood vinegar powder.

[0020] The invention also provides application of the improver in improving saline-alkali dry land.

[0021] In the present invention, the saline-alkali dry land is preferably medium to severe saline-alkali land.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for using the improver, comprising the following steps: applying the improver on the land surface and then rotary tilling it into a deep soil layer.

[0023] In the present invention, the usage amount of the improver is preferably 15 to 20 tons / hectare, more preferably 17 to 18 tons / hectare, and the depth of the rotary tillage is preferably 20 to 25 cm, more preferably 22 to 23 cm.

[0024] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] The improver is produced by using a straw pellet press based on 25 parts of corn stalks, 31 parts of corn cobs, 23 parts of peanut shells, 13 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of humic acid, 0.4 parts of polyglutamic acid and 0.6 parts of wood vinegar powder.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] The improver is produced by using a straw pellet press based on 35 parts of corn stalks, 27 parts of corn cobs, 17 parts of peanut shells, 17 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of humic acid, 0.6 parts of polyglutamic acid and 0.4 parts of wood vinegar powder.

[0029] Example 3

[0030] The improver is produced by using 29 parts of corn stalks, 30 parts of corn cobs, 20 parts of peanut shells, 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of humic acid, 0.5 parts of polyglutamic acid and 0.5 parts of wood vinegar powder, relying on Changchun Huanjie Biomass Energy Co., Ltd. and using a straw pellet pressing machine.

[0031] Test example

[0032] 1. Preparation of improver

[0033] Relying on Changchun Huanjie Biomass Energy Co., Ltd., four different formulas of improvers were produced using a straw pellet press.

[0034] Improver 1: corn stalks (30%) + corn cobs (35%) + peanut shells (20%) + soybean meal (15%);

[0035] Improver 2: corn stalks (30%) + corn cobs (30%) + peanut shells (20%) + soybean meal (15%) + humic acid (5%);

[0036] Improver 3: corn stalks (29%) + corn cobs (30%) + peanut shells (20%) + soybean meal (15%) + humic acid (5%) + polyglutamic acid (0.5%) + wood vinegar powder (0.5%);

[0037] Improver 4: corn straw (59%) + corn cob (35%) + humic acid (5%) + polyglutamic acid (0.5%) + wood vinegar powder (0.5%).

[0038] The costs of improver 1, improver 2, improver 3, and improver 4 are approximately RMB 700, RMB 850, RMB 1,100, and RMB 950 per ton, respectively.

[0039] 2. Use of improvers

[0040] The effect of different amendments was studied and verified in Horqin Right Middle Banner, Xing'an League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 ). A field experiment was arranged on May 16, 2024. There were five treatments in the experiment, namely control, improver 1, improver 2, improver 3, and improver 4. Each treatment was repeated three times, with a total of 15 plots, and the plot area was 8.4×45=378m 2 , the application amount of improver is 15t / hm 2The improver was spread on the surface of the corresponding plot with a spreader, and then rotated into the 20-25cm deep soil layer with a rotary tiller. Corn was planted in double rows on a 120cm ridge, and then a seeder was used to integrate sowing, fertilization, and laying of drip irrigation belts. The corn variety was Hongyu 808, with a plant spacing of 27cm and a sowing density of 61,500 plants / hm2. 2 . Base fertilizer application: compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O:13-17-15) 600kg / hm 2 , microbial fertilizer (organic matter>50%, effective live bacteria>500 million / g, Shijiazhuang Fuming Biological Organic Fertilizer Company) 600kg / hm 2 In the jointing stage of corn, deep tillage technology was combined with intertillage. At the same time, 350 kg / hm2 of water-soluble fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O:17-9-34, Qingdao Hansheng Plant Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd.) was applied. 2 Other weeding, irrigation and other operations are the same as conventional management.

[0041] Basic properties of the test soil (May): pH 9.70, EC 1998μS / cm, SOC 7.16g / kg, ammonium nitrogen 41.35mg / kg, nitrate nitrogen 170.86mg / kg. After the technology was implemented, soil samples were collected dynamically and soil pH, EC, SOC, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and other indicators were measured. The growth of corn was dynamically investigated and yield was measured at maturity.

[0042] The experimental results are as follows Figure 3As shown in the figure, the application of amendments reduced soil pH and EC to a certain extent. The average pH in the two periods decreased from 9.70 to 8.86-9.02, a decrease of 0.68-0.84 units, and the average EC decreased from 1341μS / cm to 1123-1246μS / cm, a decrease of 7.13-14.70%. Among them, the pH and EC of the amendment 3 treatment were significantly lower than those of the other amendment treatments. The application of amendments significantly reduced the total salt content, increased the cation exchange capacity, and reduced the alkalinity. Among them, amendment 3 performed the most obvious, with the largest reduction in sulfate, sodium ion, and calcium ion. The application of amendments significantly increased the soil SOC content. The average SOC content in the two periods increased from 7.10g / kg to 7.66-8.31g / kg, an increase of 7.91-6.97%. Among them, the SOC content of amendments 1, 2, and 3 was significantly higher than that of amendment 1. The application of amendments significantly increased the content of soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The average ammonium nitrogen content in the two periods increased from 33.36 mg / kg to 37.33-42.10 mg / kg, an increase of 13.10-26.20%. Among them, the ammonium nitrogen content of amendment 1 and amendment 3 treatments was significantly higher than that of other amendment treatments; the average nitrate nitrogen content in the two periods increased from 28.90 mg / kg to 32.53-42.53 mg / kg, an increase of 12.55-47.16%. Among them, the nitrate nitrogen content of amendment 3 treatment was the highest. The application of amendments promoted the emergence, growth and yield formation of corn to a certain extent. There was almost no corn plant biomass and yield formation in the plot without the application of amendments, and the corn plant biomass was 476.58 kg / hm 2 , corn grain yield 142.89kg / hm 2 The corn grain yield after applying the improver was 3766~7833kg / hm 2 The biomass of corn plants treated with improver 3 was 13.05%, 48.30%, and 99.43% higher than those treated with improver 1, improver 2, and improver 4, respectively; the grain yield was 22.19%, 48.34%, and 108.01% higher, respectively. In summary, the application of improver 3 had a significant effect in reducing salinity, increasing nutrients, and promoting plant growth (Table 1, Figure 3 ).

[0043] Table 1 Effects of applying amendments on soil salt ions and alkalinity

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Test Example 2 Potted Plant Test

[0047] To further verify the effect of the improver and study its application amount on saline-alkali land, a pot experiment was carried out ( Figure 4 The experiment set up four treatments, control (no amendment), amendment application rate 25, 50, 75g / pot, equivalent to field application rate 10, 15, 20t / hm 2 , each treatment was repeated 6 times, and oat grass was planted. The results showed that the application of the amendment significantly increased the biomass of oat grass, and it first increased and then decreased with the increase of the application amount. The application amount of the amendment was 50g / pot (15t / hm 2 ) The biomass of oat grass increased significantly by 19.27% ​​and 38.74% compared with the application rate of 25g / pot and 75g / pot, respectively. The pH of the amendment decreased from 9.81 to 9.44-9.69, and the EC decreased from 225.06μS / cm to 177.57-191.64μS / cm. The application rate of the amendment was 75g / pot (20t / hm 2 ) had the highest reduction. The SOC content of the soil conditioner increased from 5.59 g / kg to 7.51-7.78 g / kg, an increase of 34.35-39.12%. There was no significant difference in the application amount of the conditioner. The application of the conditioner significantly increased the ammonium nitrogen content and reduced the nitrate nitrogen content. The ammonium nitrogen content increased from 29.24 mg / kg to 38.70-41.43 mg / kg, an increase of 32.35-41.69%. This shows that the application of the conditioner can effectively reduce the degree of salinity and increase the content of organic carbon and available nitrogen. In the early stage of the conditioner application, the application amount was 15 t / hm 2 It has a significant effect on increasing oat grass yield, with an application rate of 20t / hm 2 It has a significant effect on reducing the degree of salinity ( Figure 5 )

[0048] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides an improver for saline-alkali dry land and its application and use method, the improver includes the following components by weight: 25-35 parts of corn stalks, 27-31 parts of corn cobs, 17-23 parts of peanut shells, 13-17 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of humic acid, 0.4-0.6 parts of polyglutamic acid, and 0.4-0.6 parts of wood vinegar powder. The multifunctional bio-based improver of the present invention is suitable for the improvement and utilization of medium and severe saline-alkali dry land, effectively reducing the degree of salinity, increasing the content of organic matter and nutrients, and promoting plant growth. It reduces the complex obstacles of medium and severe saline-alkali land from multiple aspects such as promoting pelletization-water retention-acid-base adjustment-nutrient dissolution, and promotes plant growth and yield formation. After 2-3 years of application, it reaches the normal farming level. Combined with conventional soil improvement and fertilization measures, it can realize the long-term cultivation and utilization of medium and severe saline-alkali land, supplement the cultivated land area, increase crop yield, and ensure national food security. Multifunctional bio-based polymer improvers have great application prospects and promotion potential for the improvement and utilization of moderate to severe saline-alkali land.

[0049] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An improver for saline-alkali dry land, characterized in that: The improver comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of corn stalks, 27-31 parts of corn cobs, 17-23 parts of peanut shells, 13-17 parts of soybean meal, 4-6 parts of humic acid, 0.4-0.6 parts of polyglutamic acid, and 0.4-0.6 parts of wood vinegar powder.

2. The improver according to claim 1, characterized in that The improver comprises the following components in parts by weight: 29 parts of corn stalks, 30 parts of corn cobs, 20 parts of peanut shells, 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of humic acid, 0.5 parts of polyglutamic acid, and 0.5 parts of wood vinegar powder.

3. Use of the improver according to claim 1 or 2 in improving saline-alkali dry land.

4. The use according to claim 3, characterized in that: The saline-alkali dry farmland is medium to severe saline-alkali land.

5. The method for using the improver according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: applying the improver on the land surface and then tilling the improver into the deep soil layer.

6. The method of use according to claim 5, characterized in that: The usage amount of the improver is 15-20 tons / hectare, and the depth of the rotary tillage is 20-25 cm.

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