Tunnel surrounding rock deformation automatic monitoring device and use method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring, in particular to a tunnel surrounding rock deformation automatic monitoring device and a using method, the device comprises a shell, a telescopic sucker, a three-dimensional laser scanner, a plurality of moving wheels, a plurality of fans, a power module and a control and communication module; the shell is of a hollow cuboid structure, a through hole is formed in the center of the lower surface of the shell, the telescopic suction cup is located in the shell, one end of the telescopic suction cup is fixed to the center in the upper surface of the shell, and the other end of the telescopic suction cup can stretch out of the through hole formed in the lower surface of the shell to be fixed. The fans are evenly arranged on the top and the peripheral surface of the shell. The device can be automatically moved through cooperation of the moving wheels and the fan, automatic fixing is achieved through the telescopic suction cup, the adaptability to the tunnel environment is high, extra manual operation in a hole is not needed, the personnel investment is smaller, the cost is lower, deformation data can be continuously collected, and data can be transmitted in real time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of tunnel surrounding rock deformation monitoring, and in particular to an automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] When tunnels are excavated using the drilling and blasting method, double-layer support is generally used. The first layer is the initial support, which is composed of steel frames and shotcrete, and is allowed to deform after construction. The second layer is the secondary lining, which is composed of steel bars and cast-in-place concrete, and is not allowed to deform after construction. The initial support area generally has a large deformation, and risks such as landslides are prone to occur in poor geological areas such as weak surrounding rock. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and measure the top subsidence and horizontal convergence deformation on both sides.

[0003] At present, conventional monitoring and measurement of construction tunnels generally use total stations. Targets are manually arranged at the measuring points of the sections to be measured (about 3 to 7 targets for each section), and the total station is used for manual measurement. Each excavation surface generally requires a dedicated person to measure 1 to 2 times / day. The monitoring method is time-consuming and labor-intensive. At the same time, due to the long time interval and the low level of automated processing of collected data, real-time warning cannot be provided for poor geological areas with fast deformation rates. In addition, some construction tunnels also use deformation monitoring systems based on the principle of structured light. By setting up a measurement main station in the deformation stable area and a measurement terminal in the initial support area, real-time monitoring of surrounding rock deformation is achieved. However, this system requires the deployment of measurement terminals in multiple sections, and as the tunnel is excavated, a dedicated person is still required to move the measurement equipment. The above-mentioned existing technologies are inconvenient to use and urgently need to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation and a method for using the device, which is deployed in the initial support of the tunnel to solve the problem that the current existing technology requires manual deployment of targets or special personnel to move measurement equipment, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and inconvenient to use for monitoring.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] An automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation, comprising a housing, a retractable suction cup, a three-dimensional laser scanner, a plurality of moving wheels, a plurality of fans, a power module and a control and communication module;

[0007] The shell is a hollow rectangular structure with a through hole at the center of its lower surface. The retractable suction cup is located inside the shell, one end of which is fixed at the inner center of the upper surface of the shell, and the other end can be extended through the through hole opened on the lower surface of the shell to achieve fixation. The three-dimensional laser scanner is arranged at the outer central position of the upper surface of the shell, and a number of fans are evenly arranged on the top and surrounding surfaces of the shell. The power module is electrically connected to the moving wheels and the fans to provide power for their start and stop. The control and communication module is communicatively connected to the three-dimensional laser scanner and the external processing system. The external processing system transmits the control instructions to the control and communication module, and then controls the equipment to move automatically, and the control and communication module transmits the information collected by the three-dimensional laser scanner to the external processing system.

[0008] Furthermore, the retractable suction cup includes a retractable part and a fixed suction cup. The retractable part has a spring inside and a double-layer stainless steel shell outside. The outer shell is welded and fixed to the outer shell. The upper part of the inner shell is fixed to the end of the spring, and the lower part is fixed to the fixed suction cup. When the spring is controlled to retract, the inner shell and the fixed suction cup retract synchronously. The fixed suction cup is funnel-shaped and made of rubber.

[0009] Furthermore, two handles are symmetrically fixed on the outer surfaces of two opposite side walls of the shell and are located at 2 / 3 of the height of the shell.

[0010] Furthermore, there are four moving wheels, which are half-embedded in the bottom of the shell.

[0011] Furthermore, the fan is embedded in the surface of the outer shell, and a ventilated protective shell is provided on the outside thereof, and the material of the protective shell is the same as that of the outer shell.

[0012] A method for using the automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1: Device placement and fixation: After tunnel excavation, three tunnel surrounding rock deformation automatic monitoring devices are placed in the initial support area. The devices are initially fixed by retractable suction cups;

[0014] S2: Positioning and calibration: The three devices first use the reference points at the invert to position themselves, and then perform positioning and calibration with each other;

[0015] S3: Measurement: After the positioning and calibration is completed, a 3D laser scanner is used to scan the initial support area and generate 3D point cloud data;

[0016] S4: Transmission and analysis: Use the control and communication modules to transmit point cloud data to the data processing system outside the tunnel in real time to complete data processing and analysis, provide a basis for on-site construction time, and provide real-time warning of risks;

[0017] S5: Self-movement: As the tunnel is excavated, the control system outside the tunnel sends a self-moving command, and uses the power module, control and communication module to control three automatic monitoring devices to retract the retractable suction cup, and move it to the target position by moving wheels and fans, and then fix it again with the retractable suction cup.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation provided by the present invention can realize self-movement through the movable wheels cooperating with the fan, and can realize automatic fixation through the retractable suction cup. It has strong adaptability to the tunnel environment and does not require additional manpower to operate in the tunnel, requires less manpower investment and has lower costs. It can also continuously collect deformation data and transmit data in real time, thus promoting the intelligent development of tunnel construction and having broad application prospects and promotion value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the tunnel surrounding rock deformation automatic monitoring device in the embodiment.

[0021] Figure 2 2 is a front view of the structure of the automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation in the embodiment, wherein Figure (a) is a schematic diagram of the device when the suction cup is not working; Figure (b) is a schematic diagram of the device when the suction cup is working.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the tunnel surrounding rock deformation automatic monitoring device in the tunnel.

[0023] Figure numerals: 1-retractable suction cup; 2-3D laser scanner; 3-moving wheel; 4-fan; 5-power module; 6-control and communication module; 7-housing; 8-retractable part; 9-fixed suction cup; 10-handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0025] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides an automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation, comprising:

[0026] Embodiment 1:

[0027] The housing 7 is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped structure, and a through hole is opened at the center of its lower surface;

[0028] Two handles 10 are respectively arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the housing 7 and are symmetrically distributed;

[0029] Four moving wheels 3, which are arranged at the bottom of the housing 7;

[0030] A plurality of fans 4 are respectively arranged on the top and surrounding surfaces of the housing 7;

[0031] The retractable suction cup 1 is fixed to the inside of the housing 7 by bolts, one end of which is fixed to the inner center of the upper surface of the housing 7, and the other end can be extended through the through hole opened on the lower surface of the housing 7 to achieve fixation.

[0032] A three-dimensional laser scanner 2, which is fixed to the outer center of the upper surface of the housing 7 by bolts;

[0033] A power module 5, which is arranged outside the upper surface of the housing 7;

[0034] The control and communication module 6 is arranged outside the upper surface of the housing 7 .

[0035] In the above technical solution, the handle 10 is welded to the outer wall of the housing 7. The running wheel 3 is half-embedded into the bottom of the housing 7. The bolt fixing parts are all detachable.

[0036] Embodiment 2:

[0037] In this solution, there are twelve fans 4, four of which are symmetrically arranged at the top of the shell 7, 5 cm away from the four sides, and the remaining eight fans are symmetrically arranged at 2 / 3 of the height of the four sides of the shell 7, 5 cm away from the vertical edges. The moving wheels 3 are half-embedded in the bottom of the shell (7) and are symmetrically arranged. The fans 4 cooperate with the moving wheels 3 to realize the self-movement of the device.

[0038] Each fan 4 is embedded in the surface of the outer shell 7 , and a ventilated protective shell is arranged on the outside. The material of the protective shell is the same as that of the outer shell 7 .

[0039] There are two handles 10 symmetrically arranged at 2 / 3 of the height of the housing to facilitate movement of the device.

[0040] Embodiment 3:

[0041] A method for using an automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1: Device placement and fixation: After tunnel excavation, three tunnel surrounding rock deformation automatic monitoring devices are placed in the initial support area. The devices are initially fixed by retractable suction cups 1; Figure 3 shown.

[0043] S2: Positioning and calibration: The three devices first use the reference points at the invert to position themselves, and then perform positioning and calibration with each other;

[0044] S3: Measurement: After the positioning and calibration is completed, the primary support area is scanned using a 3D laser scanner 2 to generate 3D point cloud data;

[0045] S4: Transmission and analysis: Use the control and communication module 6 to transmit the point cloud data to the data processing system outside the tunnel in real time, complete data processing and analysis, provide a basis for on-site construction time, and provide real-time warning of risks;

[0046] S5: Self-movement: As the tunnel is excavated, the control system outside the tunnel sends a self-movement command, and uses the power module 5 and the control and communication module 6 to control the three automatic monitoring devices to retract the retractable suction cup 1, and moves it to the target position by itself through the moving wheels 3 and the fan 4, and then relies on the retractable suction cup 1 to fix it again.

[0047] The contents not described in detail in the above specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understandable to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell (7), a retractable suction cup (1), a three-dimensional laser scanner (2), a plurality of moving wheels (3), a plurality of fans (4), a power module (5) and a control and communication module (6); the shell (7) is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped structure, a through hole is provided at the center of the lower surface of the shell, the retractable suction cup (1) is located inside the shell (7), one end of the retractable suction cup (1) is fixed at the center of the upper surface of the shell (7), and the other end can be extended through the through hole provided on the lower surface of the shell (7) to achieve fixation, the three-dimensional laser scanner (2) is arranged at the outer central position of the upper surface of the shell (7), the plurality of fans (4) are evenly arranged on the top and surrounding surfaces of the shell (7), the power module (5) is electrically connected to the moving wheels (3) and the fans (4) to provide power for starting and stopping the moving wheels, the control and communication module (6) is connected to the three-dimensional laser scanner (2) and an external processing system for communication, the external processing system transmits control instructions to the control and communication module (6), and then controls the device to move automatically, and the control and communication module (6) transmits information collected by the three-dimensional laser scanner (2) to the external processing system.

2. The automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The retractable suction cup (1) comprises a retractable part (8) and a fixed suction cup (9). The retractable part (8) has a spring inside and a double-layer stainless steel shell outside. The outer shell is welded and fixed to the outer shell (7). The upper part of the inner shell is fixed to the end of the spring, and the lower part is fixed to the fixed suction cup. When the spring is controlled to retract, the inner shell and the fixed suction cup (9) are retracted synchronously. The fixed suction cup (9) is funnel-shaped and made of rubber.

3. The automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Two handles (10) are symmetrically fixed on the outer surfaces of two opposite side walls of the shell (7), and are located at 2 / 3 of the height of the shell (7).

4. The automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: There are four moving wheels (3) which are half-embedded in the bottom of the housing (7).

5. The automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fan (4) is embedded in the surface of the outer shell (7), and a ventilated protective shell is also provided on the outside thereof. The material of the protective shell is the same as that of the outer shell (7).

6. A method for using the automatic monitoring device for tunnel surrounding rock deformation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: device placement and fixation: after tunnel excavation, three tunnel surrounding rock deformation automatic monitoring devices are placed in the initial support area. The devices are initially fixed by retractable suction cups (1); S2: Positioning and calibration: The three devices first use the reference points at the invert to position themselves, and then perform positioning and calibration with each other; S3: Measurement: After the positioning and calibration is completed, the primary support area is scanned using a three-dimensional laser scanner (2) to generate three-dimensional point cloud data; S4: Transmission and analysis: Use the control and communication module (6) to transmit the point cloud data to the data processing system outside the tunnel in real time to complete data processing and analysis, provide a basis for on-site construction time, and provide real-time warning of risks; S5: Self-movement: As the tunnel is excavated, the control system outside the tunnel sends a self-movement command, and uses the power module (5) and the control and communication module (6) to control the three automatic monitoring devices to retract the retractable suction cup (1), and move it to the target position by itself through the moving wheels (3) and the fan (4), and then fix it again by the retractable suction cup (1).

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