Method and device for preparing complete cattle feed from double-cropping biological sugarcane

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for preparing complete cattle feed from double-cropping biological sugarcane. Comprising the following steps: S10, feeding first biological sugarcane into a five-roller squeezer for squeezing, using a small part of squeezed sugarcane juice for preparing lactic acid bacteria acidic fermentation liquor, and using the rest sugarcane juice for preparing syrup; s20, crushing the squeezed bagasse, feeding the crushed bagasse into a reaction tank, and carrying out an ammonia leaching-steam explosion pretreatment process; s30, a compound microbial agent, the pretreated bagasse and the crushed sugarcane leaves are fed into a bioreactor to be fermented for 15-20 days, and the bagasse and the sugarcane leaves rich in mycoprotein and various nutrient substances are obtained; and S40, mixing the fermented bagasse and sugarcane leaves with a compound trace element nutritional agent, a compound vitamin nutritional agent, oil bran, protein mulberry, table salt, corn, sodium bicarbonate, seaweed enzymatic hydrolysate and molasses to obtain the complete cattle feed. The problems that feed prepared from bagasse is poor in palatability and unbalanced in nutritional ingredients, and protein feed is high in cost can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of feed manufacturing, and in particular to a method and device for preparing complete cattle feed using twice-harvested biological sugarcane. Background Art

[0002] A compound feed that is complete in nutrients, can be directly used to feed the animals, and can fully meet the various nutritional needs of the animals is called a complete feed. This feed contains energy, protein, mineral feed, and premixes, etc. It has a full range of nutrients, sufficient quantities, and appropriate proportions, which can meet the production needs of the animals. It can be used directly in production, and generally no additional feed is needed. A complete feed is also called a full-dose feed. It can be directly used to feed the animals, and can fully meet the nutritional needs of the animals except for water.

[0003] Sugarcane is the C4 crop with the strongest photosynthetic capacity and one of the field crops with the highest biomass cultivated by humans so far. It is generally used as a raw material for sugar production. The largest sugarcane producers are Brazil and India, and China ranks third. my country's sugarcane planting is mainly distributed in southern provinces such as Guangxi, Yunnan, Guangdong, and Guizhou, with a total output of more than 70 million tons. Bagasse is the residue after the sugarcane is squeezed and has a rough texture. For every ton of sucrose produced, about 1 ton of bagasse is produced. At present, 70% to 80% of the bagasse in Guangxi is directly burned as boiler fuel in sugar factories, which cannot be effectively utilized, not only causing waste of resources, but also polluting the ecological environment, further harming the health of humans and animals. Bagasse is rich in fiber. If it is properly processed, it can be used as a good roughage. It can not only alleviate the current shortage of feed resources, but also reduce feed costs, improve the economic benefits of the breeding industry, and reduce environmental pollution at the same time. It has great development potential. The short-term and efficient cultivation technology of sugar cane (two crops a year) is to achieve the process maturity of sugar cane twice in one cycle year. Among them, the first round of mature sugar cane is simply squeezed, the sugar cane juice is used to make syrup, and the sugar cane bagasse is fermented by microorganisms to make complete feed suitable for fish, cattle, sheep, frogs and other livestock and fisheries, realizing the green agricultural cycle of fish, cattle and frog cane symbiosis, and promoting high-quality, sustainable and green development of agriculture; the second round of mature sugar cane is normally sent to the sugar factory for sugar production.

[0004] Sugarcane bagasse generally contains 90% to 92% dry matter, about 1.5% crude protein, 44% to 46% crude fiber, about 0.7% crude fat, about 42% nitrogen-free extract, and 2% to 3% crude ash. In addition, the pesticide residue in sugarcane bagasse is lower than that of other straw crops, which is another major advantage. The nutritional content of sugarcane bagasse varies in different regions and at different times.

[0005] Although bagasse is a valuable feed resource, its direct application in feed is limited due to its own characteristics and technical problems. There are many difficulties in its feed application, mainly in the following aspects: 1) High degree of lignification, the lignin content in bagasse is about 20%. Cattle and other ruminants can digest cellulose, pectin and sugar in bagasse, but cannot digest lignin, and the lignin component will also affect the digestion of other fiber substances. Therefore, in order for rumen microorganisms to efficiently utilize cellulose, the binding layer of lignin and hemicellulose should be destroyed and the cellulose crystallinity should be reduced. 2) Difficult to preserve, bagasse has a high moisture content, generally around 50%, and it also contains nutrients such as sugar that are suitable for bacterial reproduction and growth, so it is very easy to corrupt. And the bulk density of unprocessed bagasse is small and occupies a large space; 3) Poor palatability. If molasses or other attractants are not added, the palatability of bagasse is very poor and animals are not easy to accept; 4) Difficult to digest. Bagasse has a large particle size. If it is not crushed or crushed not fine enough, the lignin content in it will be relatively high, which will damage and disrupt the digestive system of ruminants. Some data show that the energy consumed by ruminants to directly digest bagasse is greater than the energy they obtain from bagasse. When used as ruminant feed, the organic matter digestibility is only 20% to 25% or less. Soybean meal is a by-product obtained after soybean oil is extracted from soybeans. It is also called "soybean meal". Soybean meal is generally in irregular fragments, light yellow to light brown in color, and has a roasted soybean flavor. It is one of the main protein feeds for animals. The main components of soybean meal are: protein 40% to 48%, lysine 2.5% to 3.0%, tryptophan 0.6% to 0.7%, and methionine 0.5% to 0.7%. At present, the market price of soybean meal is about 3,000 yuan / ton and that of bagasse is about 300 yuan / ton, a price difference of 10 times. If we can find a way to replace soybean meal with bagasse, we can significantly reduce the purchase expenditure of feed.

[0006] The present application effectively improves the nutritional content and palatability of bagasse and sugarcane leaves by combining microbial, physical and chemical methods; at the same time, the processed bagasse and sugarcane leaves are used to replace the high-cost protein feed (such as fish meal, beans and their cakes, etc.) in complete cattle feed, which can significantly reduce the cost of feed. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for preparing complete cattle feed from bio-sugarcane that is harvested twice a year, so as to solve the problems in the prior art of poor palatability, unbalanced nutrients and high cost of protein feed made from sugarcane bagasse.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a method for preparing complete cattle feed from biological sugarcane that is harvested twice a year, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S10 The first crop of bio-sugarcane from the twice-harvested sugarcane is sent to the five-roller press for pressing. A small portion of the squeezed sugarcane juice is used to make lactic acid bacteria acid fermentation liquid, and the rest of the sugarcane juice is sent to the sugarcane juice concentrator for making syrup;

[0011] S20 crushes the squeezed bagasse and sends it to a reaction tank for ammonia immersion-steam explosion pretreatment process to destroy the physical and chemical structure of the bagasse, remove most of the lignin, and reduce the degree of polymerization of cellulose;

[0012] S30: The composite microbial agent, the pretreated bagasse and the crushed sugarcane leaves are sent into the bioreactor for fermentation for 15 to 20 days to obtain bagasse and sugarcane leaves rich in bacterial protein and various nutrients;

[0013] S40 mixes fermented bagasse and sugarcane leaves with complex trace element nutrients, complex vitamin nutrients, oil bran, protein mulberry, salt, corn, sodium bicarbonate, seaweed enzymatic solution and molasses to obtain complete cattle feed, which can be directly fed or packaged and sealed for storage.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S10, the pressing process requires controlling the pressing extraction rate within the range of 65-75%, and the bagasse and the sucrose contained therein will serve as one of the main carbon sources for subsequent microbial fermentation.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S20, the bagasse and sugarcane leaves need to be crushed into 0.5-1 cm and 5-10 cm respectively.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S20, the ammonia water pretreatment process is:

[0017] S21: After the crushed bagasse is sent into the reaction tank, it is immersed in ammonia water with a mass fraction of 10% to 20% at a temperature of 70 to 95° C. and 0.3 to 0.5 MPa, with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.7 to 2.0, and a stirring operation is performed 3 to 5 times, each time for 5 to 8 minutes;

[0018] The pretreatment time of S22 is about 4 to 8 hours. After the treatment is completed, the quick release valve is opened to rapidly reduce the pressure in the reaction tank, and the ammonia and water vapor mixture produced in the reaction tank is discharged into the recovery tank;

[0019] S23 closes the pressure relief valve and introduces biomass fuel boiler flue gas into the tank, then adds appropriate amounts of sulfuric acid and lactic acid bacteria acid fermentation liquid, adjusts the pH to 6.5-7.0, and continues stirring during the process.

[0020] Further, in step S30, ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium lactate are used as the main nitrogen source, and sugarcane leaves, bagasse and sucrose contained therein are used as the main carbon source, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation substrate is adjusted to 15-25:1. The microbial agent includes one or more of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, lactic acid bacteria, Geotrichum candidum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae. The fermentation temperature is 25-35°C, and the pH is maintained at 6.0-7.0.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S40, the materials are mixed in the following proportions: 40% to 55% of fermented bagasse and sugarcane leaves, 1% to 3% of complex trace element nutrients, 0.8% to 2% of complex vitamin nutrients, 5% to 12% of oil bran, 10% to 25% of protein mulberry, 0.5% to 1.5% of salt, 8% to 20% of corn, 0.5% to 1% of sodium bicarbonate, 3% to 6% of seaweed enzymatic hydrolysate and 3% to 8% of molasses.

[0022] The present invention also provides a device for producing complete cattle feed of biological sugarcane with two crops per year, characterized in that it comprises the following devices: a pressing device, a sugar boiling device, a fermentation device, a feed production device and an ammonia water recovery device, wherein the pressing device comprises a five-roller press and a pulverizer, the sugar boiling device comprises a cane juice concentrator, a biomass fuel boiler, a cyclone dust collector, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a condenser and a water pump, the feed production device comprises a first reaction tank, a bioreactor, a hot water storage tank and a stirrer, and the ammonia water recovery device comprises a recovery tank, an ammonia water pump, a second reaction tank, a mixing tank and an ammonia storage tank;

[0023] The five-roll press is connected to the crusher and the sugarcane juice concentrator through a conveyor belt and a pipeline respectively. The crusher is connected to the feed port of the first reaction tank through a conveyor belt. The first reaction tank is respectively connected to the bioreactor, the recovery tank, the mixing tank and the hot water storage tank. The discharge port of the first reaction tank is connected to the bioreactor. The bioreactor is connected to the mixer through a conveyor belt. The first reaction tank is connected to the recovery tank through a quick release valve and a pipeline. The discharge port of the recovery tank is respectively connected to the mixing tank and the second reaction tank. The mixing tank is provided with a feeding port connected to the ammonia storage tank. The discharge port of the mixing tank is connected to the feeding port of the first reaction tank after passing through the ammonia pump and the third heat exchanger in sequence. The drain port of the hot water storage tank is connected to the first The water jacket water inlet 28 of the reaction tank is connected, the water jacket water outlet of the first reaction tank is connected to the water return port of the hot water storage tank through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, the flue gas outlet of the biomass fuel boiler is connected to the cyclone dust collector through the insulation pipe, the cyclone dust collector outlet is connected to the fourth heat exchanger, and then connected to the first heat exchanger through the insulation pipe, and finally connected to the aeration device of the first reaction tank, the water vapor outlet of the biomass fuel boiler is connected to the steam inlet of the sugarcane juice concentrator through the insulation pipe, the steam outlet of the sugarcane juice concentrator is connected to the second heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, the condenser, the water pump and the fourth heat exchanger in sequence through the insulation pipe, and finally connected to the water supply port of the biomass fuel boiler.

[0024] Furthermore, the first reaction tank is a vertical pressure vessel, provided with a feed inlet, a discharge port and a feeding port, the outside of the tank is wrapped with a water jacket for controlling the temperature, the upper part of the water jacket is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, a stirring device is provided in the tank, and a quick release valve is provided on the top to achieve rapid pressure reduction in the tank to further destroy the physical and chemical structure of the bagasse, a first filter screen and a second filter screen are provided at the upper middle part of the tank and at the outlet of the quick release valve to prevent the material from spraying out, and an aeration device is provided at the bottom of the first reaction tank to allow the flue gas of the biomass fuel boiler to be introduced and evenly distributed.

[0025] Furthermore, the recovery tank is provided with a condenser and a pure water nozzle to ensure that the ammonia gas can be completely recovered, the mixing tank is provided with an ammonia concentration detection device and a water inlet, and the hot water storage tank is provided with an electric auxiliary heating device.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S22, after the quick release valve of the first reaction tank is opened, the mixture of ammonia and water vapor is discharged into the recovery tank, the water vapor is condensed by the condenser to form liquid water, and at the same time, a small amount of mist droplets are sprayed out from the pure water nozzle, and the ammonia is dissolved in the water to form regenerated ammonia water, which is transported to the mixing tank and the second reaction tank through a pipeline. In the mixing tank, the concentration of ammonia water is adjusted as needed, and after preheating by an ammonia water pump and a third heat exchanger, it is transported to the reaction tank, thereby realizing the recovery and recycling of ammonia water. In the second reaction tank, sulfuric acid can be added to the regenerated ammonia water to produce ammonium sulfate, which serves as an inorganic nitrogen source supplement for microbial fermentation substrates.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The present invention effectively solves the problem that bagasse has a high degree of lignification and is difficult for animals to digest and utilize by combining microorganisms, physics and chemistry, and also greatly improves the nutritional content and palatability of bagasse and sugarcane leaves. First, the present invention adopts an ammonia immersion-steam explosion process to pretreat bagasse, effectively removes lignin from bagasse, and destroys the physical and chemical structure of bagasse. At the same time, sulfuric acid and lactic acid bacteria acid fermentation liquid are used to carry out acid-base neutralization reaction with residual ammonia water in bagasse, and ammonium sulfate and ammonium lactate obtained by the reaction are high-quality nitrogen sources for microbial culture. These measures have laid a good foundation for subsequent microbial fermentation processes. Secondly, the production of microbial cells and fermentation products thereof using bagasse and sugarcane leaves can not only provide rich nutrients including protein, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, but also provide some beneficial enzymes and antibacterial substances, which can improve animal intestinal health and enhance immunity. At the same time, the palatability of bagasse and sugarcane leaves can be improved.

[0029] 2. The present invention uses ammonia water as the working fluid for bagasse pretreatment, which can not only effectively destroy the physical and chemical structure of bagasse, but also provide a high-quality nitrogen source for subsequent microbial fermentation. At the same time, the ammonia water is recycled and reused, which not only improves the resource utilization rate, but also avoids the harm caused by ammonia emission.

[0030] 3. The device for preparing complete cattle feed from bio-sugarcane that is harvested twice a year provided by the present invention realizes the cascade utilization of flue gas and water vapor energy of biomass fuel boilers, improves energy utilization efficiency, and reduces loss. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only exemplary, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other implementation drawings can be derived from the provided drawings without creative work.

[0032] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only used to match the contents disclosed in the specification so as to facilitate understanding and reading by persons familiar with the technology. They are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any structural modification, change in proportion or adjustment of size shall still fall within the scope of the technical contents disclosed in the present invention without affecting the effects and purposes that can be achieved by the present invention.

[0033] Figure 1The process flow chart of the present application for preparing complete cattle feed from bio-sugarcane harvested twice a year is shown

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a device for preparing complete cattle feed from biological sugarcane harvested twice a year according to the present application is shown;

[0035] Figure 3 Shows Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first reaction tank.

[0036] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0037] 1. Sugarcane juice concentrator; 2. Five-roller press; 3. Crusher; 4. First reaction tank; 5. Recovery tank; 6. Mixing tank; 7. Ammonia storage tank; 8. Second reaction tank; 9. Bioreactor; 10. Blender; 11. Biomass fuel boiler; 12. Cyclone dust collector; 13. First heat exchanger; 14. Second heat exchanger; 15. Hot water storage tank; 16. Ammonia pump; 17. Third heat exchanger; 18. Condenser; 19. Water pump; 20. Fourth heat exchanger; 21. Feeding port; 22. Quick release valve; 23. Stirring device; 24. Second filter screen; 25. First filter screen; 26. Water jacket; 27. Feeding port; 28. Water inlet; 29. ​​Water outlet; 30. Aeration device; 31. Discharge port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Due to the high degree of lignification of bagasse, it is difficult for animals and microorganisms to directly utilize the cellulose therein, so its traditional utilization is limited to extensive and inefficient utilization such as burning as boiler fuel for power generation, and the utilization rate is extremely low. Most of the bagasse is directly discarded or landfilled. In view of the above situation, the present invention effectively solves the problem of high degree of lignification of bagasse and difficulty in digestion and utilization by animals through the combined use of microbial, physical and chemical methods, and also greatly improves the nutritional content and palatability of bagasse and sugarcane leaves.

[0040] Lignin is a complex organic polymer, which is a biopolymer with a three-dimensional network structure formed by phenylpropane units connected by ether bonds and carbon-carbon bonds. Its molecular structure is rich in active groups such as aromatic ring structures, aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyl groups, and quinone groups. These active groups, especially phenolic hydroxyl groups and alcoholic hydroxyl groups, react with hydroxide ions (OH -) has a strong affinity. Under alkaline catalysis, lignin and ammonia water will undergo a deacidification reaction to produce carboxylic acids and phenolic compounds. Specifically, the ammonium ion (NH4 + ) and hydroxide ions (OH - ) will undergo electrophilic substitution reaction with the carboxylic acid groups in lignin to generate water and ammonium salts. In this process, some chemical bonds in the lignin molecules are interrupted, making the lignin molecular structure looser, thereby increasing its solubility in alkali solution. In addition, the dissolution of lignin in alkali solution may also be related to the breaking of ether bonds. The ether bonds in the lignin molecules, such as α-aryl ether bonds, α-alkyl ether bonds, etc., can be broken under the action of alkali solution to form new active groups, which further react with alkali solution to promote the dissolution of lignin. The present application also additionally uses heating, pressurization and steam explosion to further destroy the physicochemical structure of bagasse and improve the removal rate of lignin.

[0041] This application provides a method for preparing complete cattle feed from biological sugarcane harvested twice a year:

[0042] (1) The first crop of sugarcane is sent to the five-roller press for pressing. The pressing process requires the pressing extraction rate to be controlled within the range of 65-75%. The bagasse and the sucrose it contains will serve as one of the main carbon sources for subsequent microbial fermentation. A small part of the squeezed sugarcane juice is used to make lactic acid bacteria acid fermentation liquid (the product is mainly lactic acid), and most of the remaining sugarcane juice is sent to the sugarcane juice concentrator for making syrup.

[0043] (2) The sugarcane leaves and the squeezed bagasse are respectively fed into a pulverizer and pulverized into small pieces of 5-10 cm (long fibers are beneficial for cattle to ruminate) and 0.5-1 cm. Subsequently, the bagasse is fed into the first reaction tank for ammonia immersion-steam explosion pretreatment process: ① After the pulverized bagasse is fed into the reaction tank, it is soaked in ammonia water with a mass fraction of 10%-20% at 70-95°C and 0.3-0.5MPa, with a liquid-solid ratio of 0.7-2.0. During the process, stirring is performed 3-5 times, each time for 5-8 minutes; ② The pretreatment time is about 4-8 hours. After the treatment is completed, the quick release valve is opened to rapidly reduce the pressure in the first reaction tank, and the ammonia and water vapor mixture generated in the reaction tank is discharged into the recovery tank; ③ The pressure relief valve is closed, and the biomass fuel boiler flue gas (mainly carbon dioxide) is introduced into the tank, and then an appropriate amount of sulfuric acid and lactic acid bacteria acid fermentation liquid are added to adjust the pH to 6.5-7.0. The stirring operation is continued during the process. The ammonia immersion-steam explosion pretreatment process can effectively destroy the physical and chemical structure of bagasse, remove most of the lignin, and reduce the degree of polymerization of cellulose.

[0044] (3) Using ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium lactate and other ammonium salts as the main nitrogen source, and sugarcane leaves, bagasse and the sucrose they contain as the main carbon source (molasses or sugarcane juice is added as needed), the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation substrate is adjusted to 15-25:1. The composite microbial agent (0.5%-3% of the substrate mass), pretreated bagasse and crushed sugarcane leaves are sent to the bioreactor for fermentation. The fermentation temperature is controlled between 25 and 35°C, and the pH is maintained at 6.0-7.0. The microbial agent includes one or more of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, lactic acid bacteria, Geotrichum candidum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae. After 15 to 20 days of fermentation, bagasse and sugarcane leaves rich in bacterial protein and various nutrients (crude protein content of more than 20%) can be obtained;

[0045] (4) After the fermented bagasse and sugarcane leaves are mixed with a composite trace element nutrient, a composite vitamin nutrient, oil bran, protein mulberry, salt, corn, sodium bicarbonate, seaweed enzymatic solution and molasses, a complete cattle feed can be obtained. According to actual needs, the obtained feed is directly fed or packaged and sealed for storage. The proportion of the materials is: 40% to 55% of fermented bagasse and sugarcane leaves, 1% to 3% of composite trace element nutrient, 0.8% to 2% of composite vitamin nutrient, 5% to 12% of oil bran, 10% to 25% of protein mulberry, 0.5% to 1.5% of salt, 8% to 20% of corn, 0.5% to 1% of sodium bicarbonate, 3% to 6% of seaweed enzymatic solution and 3% to 8% of molasses.

[0046] The present invention also provides a device for preparing complete cattle feed from bio-sugar cane that is harvested twice a year, comprising the following devices: a pressing device, a sugar boiling device, a fermentation device, a feed production device and an ammonia water recovery device. The pressing device comprises a five-roller press and a crusher 3. The sugar boiling device comprises a cane juice concentrator 1, a biomass fuel boiler 11, a cyclone dust collector 12, a first heat exchanger 13, a second heat exchanger 14, a third heat exchanger 17, a fourth heat exchanger 20, a condenser 18 and a water pump 19. The feed production device comprises a first reaction tank, a bioreactor 9, a hot water storage tank 15, and a mixer 10. The ammonia water recovery device comprises a recovery tank, an ammonia water pump 16, a second reaction tank 8, a mixing tank 6 and an ammonia storage tank 7.

[0047] The five-roller press 2 is connected to the crusher and the sugarcane juice concentrator through a conveyor belt and a pipeline respectively, and the crusher is connected to the feed port of the first reaction tank 4 through a conveyor belt. The first reaction tank 4 is connected to the bioreactor, the recovery tank 5, the mixing tank 6 and the hot water storage tank respectively. The discharge port of the first reaction tank is connected to the bioreactor, and the bioreactor is connected to the mixer through a conveyor belt. The first reaction tank is connected to the recovery tank through a quick release valve 22 and a pipeline, and the discharge port of the recovery tank is connected to the mixing tank and the second reaction tank respectively. The mixing tank is provided with a feed port 21, which is connected to the ammonia storage tank 7. The discharge port of the mixing tank is connected to the feed port of the first reaction tank after passing through the ammonia pump and the third heat exchanger in turn. The drain port of the hot water storage tank is connected to the water inlet of the water jacket of the first reaction tank, and the water outlet of the water jacket of the first reaction tank is connected to the water return port of the hot water storage tank 15 through the first heat exchanger 13 and the second heat exchanger 14. The flue gas outlet of the biomass fuel boiler is connected to the cyclone dust collector through an insulated pipe, the outlet of the cyclone dust collector is connected to the fourth heat exchanger, then connected to the first heat exchanger through an insulated pipe, and finally connected to the aeration device of the first reaction tank. The water vapor outlet of the biomass fuel boiler is connected to the steam inlet of the sugarcane juice concentrator through an insulated pipe, and the steam outlet of the sugarcane juice concentrator is connected to the second heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, the condenser, the water pump and the fourth heat exchanger in sequence through an insulated pipe, and finally connected to the water supply port of the biomass fuel boiler.

[0048] Furthermore, the first reaction tank is a vertical pressure vessel, provided with a feed port, a discharge port and a feeding port. The outside of the tank is wrapped with a water jacket for controlling the temperature, and the upper part of the water jacket is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. A stirring device 23 is provided in the tank, and a quick release valve 22 is provided on the top, which is used to achieve rapid decompression in the tank to further destroy the physical and chemical structure of the bagasse. A first filter screen 25 and a second filter screen 24 are provided at the upper middle part of the tank and at the outlet of the quick release valve, respectively, to prevent the material from spraying out. An aeration device is provided at the bottom of the first reaction tank, which is used to pass the flue gas (mainly carbon dioxide) of the biomass fuel boiler and distribute it evenly.

[0049] Furthermore, the recovery tank is provided with a condenser and a pure water nozzle to ensure that the ammonia can be completely recovered. The mixing tank is provided with an ammonia concentration detection device and a water inlet. The hot water storage tank is provided with an electric auxiliary heating device, which can be turned on as needed.

[0050] A method for preparing complete cattle feed from bio-sugarcane that is harvested twice a year, the ammonia water cycle is as follows: After the quick release valve of the first reaction tank is opened, the mixture of ammonia gas and water vapor is discharged into the recovery tank, and the water vapor is condensed by the condenser to form liquid water. At the same time, a small amount of mist droplets are sprayed out from the pure water nozzle, and the ammonia gas is dissolved in the water to form regenerated ammonia water. The regenerated ammonia water is transported to the mixing tank and the second reaction tank through a pipeline (the flow rate of the regenerated ammonia water to different tanks is adjusted as needed). In the mixing tank, the concentration of the ammonia water is adjusted as needed, and after being preheated by the ammonia water pump and the third heat exchanger, it is transported to the reaction tank, realizing the recycling and reuse of the ammonia water. In the second reaction tank, sulfuric acid can be added to the regenerated ammonia water to produce ammonium sulfate, which serves as an inorganic nitrogen source supplement for microbial fermentation substrates.

[0051] A method for preparing complete cattle feed from bio-sugarcane that is harvested twice a year, the steam cycle is as follows: high-temperature steam (200-300°C) is sent from the water vapor outlet of the biomass fuel boiler to the steam inlet of the sugarcane juice concentrator through an insulated pipe, and heat-exchanges with the sugarcane juice in the sugarcane juice concentrator to obtain medium-temperature steam (100-150°C). Then, the medium-temperature steam is discharged from the steam outlet, enters the second heat exchanger through an insulated pipe, and heat-exchanges with the hot water with a lower temperature discharged from the water outlet of the water jacket 26 to obtain low-temperature steam (50-80°C). Then, the low-temperature steam enters the third heat exchanger, and heat-exchanges with the ammonia water that is about to be added to the first reaction tank to obtain a gas-liquid two-phase flow. Then, the gas-liquid two-phase flow enters the condenser and is completely cooled into liquid. Finally, the liquid water enters the fourth heat exchanger for preheating, exchanges heat with the flue gas of the biomass fuel boiler, and is then sent to the water supply port of the biomass fuel boiler to complete a cycle. The method provided by the present application realizes the cascade utilization of steam energy, improves energy utilization, and reduces loss.

[0052] A method for preparing complete cattle feed from bio-sugarcane that is harvested twice a year. The emission process of flue gas (mainly carbon dioxide) from a biomass fuel boiler is as follows: the flue gas is discharged from the flue gas outlet of the biomass fuel boiler and enters the cyclone dust collector through an insulated pipe. After the smoke dust is removed from the flue gas, the flue gas enters the fourth heat exchanger to exchange heat with liquid boiler feed water. Subsequently, the flue gas enters the first heat exchanger to exchange heat with hot water at a lower temperature discharged from the outlet of the water jacket. Finally, the flue gas is passed into the aeration device of the first reaction tank to undergo an acid-base neutralization reaction with the residual ammonia water: CO2+2NH3+H20→(NH4)2CO3. (NH4)2CO3 can be used as one of the nitrogen sources for subsequent microbial fermentation, and carbon emissions are reduced through microbial carbon fixation.

[0053] Embodiment 1:

[0054] This embodiment is a pretreatment method for preparing complete cattle feed from bio-sugarcane that is harvested twice a year:

[0055] (1) The first crop of bio-sugarcane from the twice-ripened sugarcane crop is sent to a five-roller press for pressing. A small portion of the sugarcane juice is used to make lactic acid fermentation liquid (mainly lactic acid), and the rest of the sugarcane juice is used to make syrup. The pressing process requires the pressing extraction rate to be controlled at around 70%, and the bagasse is crushed into small pieces of about 1 cm.

[0056] (2) The crushed bagasse was immersed in 20% ammonia water at 80°C and 0.5 MPa, with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 1.1. The pretreatment time was about 5 h. During the process, three stirring operations were performed, each lasting 5 minutes, and the stirring speed was 10 r / min.

[0057] (3) After the treatment is completed, open the quick release valve to quickly reduce the pressure in the reaction tank and discharge the ammonia and water vapor mixture generated in the reaction tank into the recovery tank;

[0058] (4) Close the pressure relief valve and introduce flue gas from a biomass fuel boiler (mainly carbon dioxide) into the tank. Stop introducing flue gas after 10 minutes. Next, add sulfuric acid to the tank to adjust the pH to 7.5, and then add lactic acid bacteria acid fermentation liquid to adjust the pH to 6.8. Stirring is continued during the process, with the stirrer speed at 15 r / min.

[0059] In order to illustrate the practical value of the ammonia immersion-steam explosion pretreatment method for bagasse in this application, the applicant compares the effects of bagasse pretreatment of the following groups:

[0060] The first group: the materials described in Example 1;

[0061] The second group: the same bagasse as in Example 1 was selected and crushed into small pieces of 5 cm. The rest of the treatment was the same as in Example 1.

[0062] The third group: the same bagasse as in Example 1 was selected and crushed into 1 cm small pieces. The crushed bagasse was added into a 4% NaOH solution with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 10:1, the reaction temperature was controlled at 80°C, and the reaction time was 5 hours.

[0063] Group 4: The same bagasse as in Example 1 was selected and crushed into small pieces of 1 cm. The crushed bagasse was added to the reaction tank, the reaction temperature was controlled at 80°C, the pressure was 0.5 MPa, and the reaction time was 5 hours. After the treatment was completed, the quick release valve was opened to quickly reduce the pressure in the reaction tank, thereby achieving the purpose of destroying the physical and chemical structure of the bagasse.

[0064] The lignin removal rates of bagasse obtained from the above groups were compared and recorded as shown in Table 1:

[0065] Table 1 Lignin removal rate of bagasse with different treatments

[0066]

[0067] According to the results of Table 1, the lignin removal rate of the first group is the highest, the lignin removal rate of the fourth group is the lowest, and the reagent cost is also the lowest. The ammonia immersion-steam explosion pretreatment method of the present application can effectively destroy the physicochemical structure of sugarcane bagasse at a relatively low cost, and achieve a higher lignin removal rate. In addition, after the reaction of the ammonia immersion-steam explosion pretreatment bagasse method (first group) provided by the present application is completed, in addition to condensing ammonia and water vapor to obtain regenerated ammonia water, further reducing costs, carbon dioxide (biomass fuel boiler flue gas), sulfuric acid and lactic acid bacteria acid fermentation liquid can also be added to the substrate successively, so that the residual ammonia water reacts to become ammonium salts such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium lactate, as a high-quality nitrogen source for subsequent microbial fermentation. However, in the conventional alkaline treatment (third group), not only a large amount of alkaline waste liquid will be produced, which is difficult to handle and recycle, but also the residual Na+ in the bagasse is difficult to remove, and the excessively high concentration of Na+ will inhibit the growth of microorganisms, which is not conducive to the subsequent microbial fermentation process.

[0068] Embodiment 2:

[0069] This embodiment is a method for preparing complete cattle feed from bio-sugarcane harvested twice a year:

[0070] (1) The first crop of bio-sugarcane from the twice-ripened sugarcane crop is sent to a five-roller press for pressing. The pressing process requires the pressing extraction rate to be controlled within the range of 70%. The bagasse and the sucrose it contains will serve as one of the main carbon sources for subsequent microbial fermentation. A small portion of the squeezed sugarcane juice is used to make lactic acid bacteria acid fermentation liquid (the product is mainly lactic acid), and the rest of the sugarcane juice is sent to a sugarcane juice concentrator for making syrup.

[0071] (2) The sugarcane leaves and the squeezed bagasse are respectively fed into a pulverizer and pulverized into small segments of 5 cm and 0.5 cm. Subsequently, the bagasse is fed into the first reaction tank for ammonia immersion-steam explosion pretreatment process: ① After the pulverized bagasse is fed into the reaction tank, it is immersed in ammonia water with a mass fraction of 15% at 85°C and 0.5MPa, with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 1.2. During the process, stirring is performed 3 times, each lasting 5 minutes; ② The pretreatment time is about 5 hours. After the treatment is completed, the quick release valve is opened to rapidly reduce the pressure in the first reaction tank, and the ammonia and water vapor mixture generated in the reaction tank is discharged into the recovery tank; ③ The pressure relief valve is closed, and the biomass fuel boiler flue gas (mainly carbon dioxide) is introduced into the tank, and the introduction of flue gas is stopped after 10 minutes. Then, an appropriate amount of sulfuric acid is added to adjust the pH to 7.5, and then the lactic acid bacteria acid fermentation liquid is added to adjust the pH to 6.8. The stirring operation is continued during the process. The ammonia immersion-steam explosion pretreatment process can effectively destroy the physical and chemical structure of bagasse, remove most of the lignin, and reduce the degree of polymerization of cellulose.

[0072] (3) Using ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium lactate and other ammonium salts as the main nitrogen source, and sugarcane leaves, bagasse and the sucrose they contain as the main carbon source, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation substrate is adjusted to 22:1. The composite microbial agent (1.2% of the substrate mass), pretreated bagasse and crushed sugarcane leaves are sent to the bioreactor for fermentation. The fermentation temperature is controlled between 25 and 35°C, and the pH is maintained at 6.0 to 7.0. The microbial agents include Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, lactic acid bacteria, and Geotrichum candidum. After 15 days of fermentation, bagasse and sugarcane leaves rich in bacterial protein and various nutrients (crude protein content 26.8%) can be obtained;

[0073] (4) According to the nutrient requirements in NYT 815-2004 "Beef Cattle Feeding Standards", fermented bagasse and sugarcane leaves are mixed with complex trace element nutrients, complex vitamin nutrients, bran, protein mulberry, salt, corn, sodium bicarbonate, seaweed enzymatic solution and molasses to obtain complete cattle feed. The formula of the above materials is: 20% fermented bagasse, 30% sugarcane leaves, 2% complex trace element nutrients, 1% complex vitamin nutrients, 7% bran, 20% protein mulberry, 1.1% salt, 10% corn, 0.9% sodium bicarbonate, 5% seaweed enzymatic solution and 3% molasses.

[0074] In order to illustrate the practical value of the method for preparing complete cattle feed using twice-harvested biological sugarcane in this application, the applicant compared the effects of the following groups of feed:

[0075] The fifth group: the materials described in Example 2;

[0076] Group 6: Sugarcane leaves and bagasse obtained by pressing were crushed into small pieces of 5 cm and 0.5 cm, and directly subjected to microbial fermentation without ammonia immersion-steam explosion pretreatment process. Other methods were the same as those of Group 5.

[0077] Group 7: After sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane leaves were pretreated by ammonia leaching-steam explosion, they were not subjected to microbial fermentation treatment. Other methods were the same as those of Group 5.

[0078] Group 8: Fermented soybean meal was used to replace bagasse and sugarcane leaves to directly make complete cattle feed. Other methods were the same as those of Group 5.

[0079] Compare the effects of the above feed groups. When feeding the same amount, compare the weight gain of cattle. The experimental period is 100 days, and the data are recorded in Table 2:

[0080] Table 2 Effects of different feeds on growth performance of beef cattle

[0081]

[0082] According to the results in Table 2, in the present application, the sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane leaves treated by ammonia immersion-steam explosion pretreatment and microbial fermentation have higher nutritional value (crude protein content is 26.8%) and palatability, and can basically replace expensive soybean meal, so that the average daily weight gain of beef cattle reaches 1.12 kg. At the same time, the microorganisms contained in the fermented sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane leaves can improve the digestion ability of beef cattle.

[0083] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing complete cattle feed from bio-sugarcane harvested twice a year, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S10 The first crop of bio-sugarcane from the twice-harvested sugarcane is sent to the five-roller press for pressing. A small portion of the squeezed sugarcane juice is used to make lactic acid bacteria acid fermentation liquid, and the rest of the sugarcane juice is sent to the sugarcane juice concentrator for making syrup; S20 crushes the squeezed bagasse and sends it to a reaction tank for ammonia immersion-steam explosion pretreatment process to destroy the physical and chemical structure of the bagasse, remove most of the lignin, and reduce the degree of polymerization of cellulose; S30: The composite microbial agent, the pretreated bagasse and the crushed sugarcane leaves are sent into the bioreactor for fermentation for 15 to 20 days to obtain bagasse and sugarcane leaves rich in bacterial protein and various nutrients; S40 mixes fermented bagasse and sugarcane leaves with complex trace element nutrients, complex vitamin nutrients, oil bran, protein mulberry, salt, corn, sodium bicarbonate, seaweed enzymatic solution and molasses to obtain complete cattle feed, which can be directly fed or packaged and sealed for storage.

2. The method and device for preparing complete cattle feed from bio-sugarcane harvested twice a year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S10, the squeezing process requires controlling the squeezing extraction rate within the range of 65-75%, and the bagasse and the sucrose contained therein will serve as one of the main carbon sources for subsequent microbial fermentation.

3. The method and device for preparing complete cattle feed from bio-sugarcane harvested twice a year according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S20, the bagasse and sugarcane leaves need to be crushed into 0.5-1 cm and 5-10 cm respectively.

4. The method and device for preparing complete cattle feed from twice-harvested bio-sugarcane according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S20, the ammonia water pretreatment process is: S21: After the crushed bagasse is sent into the reaction tank, it is immersed in ammonia water with a mass fraction of 10% to 20% at a temperature of 70 to 95° C. and 0.3 to 0.5 MPa, with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.7 to 2.0, and a stirring operation is performed 3 to 5 times, each time for 5 to 8 minutes; The pretreatment time of S22 is about 4 to 8 hours. After the treatment is completed, the quick release valve is opened to rapidly reduce the pressure in the reaction tank, and the ammonia and water vapor mixture produced in the reaction tank is discharged into the recovery tank; S23 closes the pressure relief valve and introduces biomass fuel boiler flue gas into the tank, then adds appropriate amounts of sulfuric acid and lactic acid bacteria acid fermentation liquid, adjusts the pH to 6.5-7.0, and continues stirring during the process.

5. The method and device for preparing complete cattle feed from twice-harvested biological sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S30, ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium lactate are used as the main nitrogen source, and sugarcane leaves, bagasse and sucrose contained therein are used as the main carbon source. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation substrate is adjusted to 15-25:1, and the microbial agent includes one or more of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, lactic acid bacteria, Geotrichum candidum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae. The fermentation temperature is 25-35°C, and the pH is maintained at 6.0-7.

0.

6. The method and device for preparing complete cattle feed from twice-harvested bio-sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S40, the materials are mixed in the following proportions: 40% to 55% of fermented bagasse and sugarcane leaves, 1% to 3% of complex trace element nutrients, 0.8% to 2% of complex vitamin nutrients, 5% to 12% of oil bran, 10% to 25% of protein mulberry, 0.5% to 1.5% of salt, 8% to 20% of corn, 0.5% to 1% of sodium bicarbonate, 3% to 6% of seaweed enzymatic hydrolysate and 3% to 8% of molasses.

7. The device for preparing the biological sugarcane complete cattle feed that can be harvested twice a year as claimed in claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following devices: a pressing device, a sugar-boiling device, a fermentation device, a feed production device and an ammonia water recovery device. The pressing device comprises a five-roller press and a crusher. The sugar-boiling device comprises a cane juice concentrator, a biomass fuel boiler, a cyclone dust collector, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a condenser and a water pump. The feed production device comprises a first reaction tank, a bioreactor, a hot water storage tank and a mixer. The ammonia water recovery device comprises a recovery tank, an ammonia water pump, a second reaction tank, a mixing tank and an ammonia storage tank. The five-roll press is connected to the crusher and the sugarcane juice concentrator through a conveyor belt and a pipeline respectively. The crusher is connected to the feed port of the first reaction tank through a conveyor belt. The first reaction tank is respectively connected to the bioreactor, the recovery tank, the mixing tank and the hot water storage tank. The discharge port of the first reaction tank is connected to the bioreactor. The bioreactor is connected to the mixer through a conveyor belt. The first reaction tank is connected to the recovery tank through a quick release valve and a pipeline. The discharge port of the recovery tank is respectively connected to the mixing tank and the second reaction tank. The mixing tank is provided with a feeding port connected to the ammonia storage tank. The discharge port of the mixing tank is connected to the feeding port of the first reaction tank after passing through the ammonia pump and the third heat exchanger in sequence. The drain port of the hot water storage tank is connected to the first reactor. The water jacket water inlet of a reaction tank is connected, the water jacket water outlet of the first reaction tank is connected to the water return port of the hot water storage tank via the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, the flue gas outlet of the biomass fuel boiler is connected to the cyclone dust collector via the insulation pipe, the cyclone dust collector outlet is connected to the fourth heat exchanger, then connected to the first heat exchanger via the insulation pipe, and finally connected to the aeration device of the first reaction tank, the water vapor outlet of the biomass fuel boiler is connected to the steam inlet of the sugarcane juice concentrator via the insulation pipe, the steam outlet of the sugarcane juice concentrator is connected to the second heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger, the condenser, the water pump and the fourth heat exchanger in sequence via the insulation pipe, and finally connected to the water supply port of the biomass fuel boiler.

8. The device for preparing complete cattle feed from twice-harvested biological sugarcane according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first reaction tank is a vertical pressure vessel, provided with a feed port 27, a discharge port 31 and a feeding port 21, the outside of the tank is wrapped with a water jacket for controlling the temperature, and the upper part of the water jacket is respectively provided with a water inlet and a water outlet 29, a stirring device is provided in the tank, and a quick release valve is provided on the top to achieve rapid pressure reduction in the tank to further destroy the physical and chemical structure of the sugarcane bagasse, a first filter screen and a second filter screen are respectively provided at the middle and upper part of the tank and at the outlet of the quick release valve to prevent the material from spraying out, and an aeration device 30 is provided at the bottom of the first reaction tank to allow the flue gas of the biomass fuel boiler to be introduced and evenly distributed.

9. The device for preparing complete cattle feed from twice-harvested biological sugarcane according to claim 8, characterized in that: The recovery tank is provided with a condenser and a pure water nozzle to ensure that the ammonia gas can be completely recovered. The mixing tank is provided with an ammonia concentration detection device and a water inlet. The hot water storage tank is provided with an electric auxiliary heating device.

10. The device for preparing complete cattle feed from twice-harvested biological sugarcane according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S22, after the quick release valve of the first reaction tank is opened, the mixture of ammonia and water vapor is discharged into the recovery tank, the water vapor is condensed by the condenser to form liquid water, and at the same time, the pure water nozzle sprays a small amount of mist droplets, and the ammonia gas dissolves in the water to form regenerated ammonia water, which is transported to the mixing tank and the second reaction tank through the pipeline. In the mixing tank, the concentration of ammonia water is adjusted as needed, and after preheating by the ammonia pump and the third heat exchanger, it is transported to the reaction tank, thereby realizing the recovery and recycling of ammonia water. In the second reaction tank, sulfuric acid can be added to the regenerated ammonia water to produce ammonium sulfate, which is used as an inorganic nitrogen source supplement for microbial fermentation substrates.

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