Optimal configuration method of engineering, biology and cultivation comprehensive measures for water and soil conservation in ecologically fragile area

Abstract

The invention provides an optimal configuration method for water and soil conservation engineering, biology and farming comprehensive measures in an ecologically fragile area. The engineering, biology and cultivation comprehensive measure optimal configuration method for water and soil conservation in the ecologically fragile area comprises the following steps: a, area division and evaluation: dividing the area into different functional areas including a slope top, a slope middle, a slope toe, a channel and the like according to the terrain, soil, climate and hydrological conditions of the ecologically fragile area, and dividing according to different gradients; according to the engineering, biological and farming comprehensive measure optimal configuration method for water and soil conservation in the ecologically fragile region, the water and soil conservation capability of the ecologically fragile region is remarkably improved by comprehensively applying engineering measures, biological measures and farming measures, and the water and soil conservation capability of the ecologically fragile region is improved through accurate region division and evaluation. Differentiated engineering facility planning and vegetation seed selection are adopted for areas with different slopes, water and soil loss can be effectively reduced, an intelligent monitoring system is used for maintaining facilities for a long time, and therefore adverse effects of climate changes and the external environment are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil and water conservation, and in particular to an optimization configuration method of engineering, biological and farming comprehensive measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas. Background Art

[0002] Soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas requires a comprehensive optimization configuration of engineering, biological and farming measures, with the aim of reducing soil erosion, restoring the ecological environment, and enhancing the economic value of the land. First, through the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, appropriate engineering measures are selected, such as the construction of terraces, silt dams and ditch protection, to ensure the basic role of slope soil and water conservation. Secondly, biological measures include planting plants with strong erosion resistance, such as forests and grasses, to form covering vegetation to prevent water from eroding the surface. Finally, farming measures are optimized in terms of land use, and crop planting and breeding models that are adapted to the local environment are promoted to achieve a win-win situation for the economy and ecology.

[0003] The defects of this system are mainly manifested in the following aspects: the process of ecological restoration in the region may be affected by external environment such as climate change, especially drought and insufficient precipitation will limit the effect of vegetation restoration. Engineering measures are prone to insufficient maintenance in long-term operation, resulting in weakened engineering effects, especially sediment accumulation and dam failure risks of facilities such as silt dams need to be continuously monitored. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an optimized configuration method for the integrated engineering, biological and farming measures of soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas, which solves the problem of being affected by the external environment such as climate change; the problem of insufficient maintenance that is prone to occur during long-term operation, resulting in weakened engineering effects.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: a method for optimizing the configuration of engineering, biological and farming comprehensive measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas, comprising:

[0006] a. Regional division and assessment: Based on the topography, soil, climate and hydrological conditions of the ecologically fragile area, the area is divided into different functional areas, including the top of the slope, the middle of the slope, the foot of the slope, the ditch and other areas. According to the different slope divisions, the top of the slope with a slope greater than 25° needs to be given priority for engineering protection, the middle of the slope with a slope of 15° to 25° is suitable for biological measures combining forests and grasses, and the foot of the slope with a slope less than 15° is suitable for terrace construction;

[0007] b. Engineering facility planning: Plan and construct soil and water conservation projects on the slopes and ditch areas, including terraces, silt dams, intercepting ditches and other protective facilities. A drainage outlet is set up every 50 meters on the terraces. The silt dam has a sediment interception capacity of 10,000 tons per square kilometer per year to ensure soil and water loss prevention capabilities;

[0008] c. Vegetation selection and configuration: Based on the local average annual precipitation of about 300 mm and soil moisture content of about 10%, drought-resistant and wind-erosion-resistant native plants are selected for planting, such as Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides and Pinus tabulaeformis. Trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants are planted on the top and middle of the slope to form a composite ecological forest network structure;

[0009] d. Water source regulation: Design a water conservation system, combining natural precipitation and artificial regulation, using a small reservoir and water cellar system, each with a capacity of 100 cubic meters, to ensure that water can be provided for vegetation during the dry season;

[0010] e. Strengthening biological measures: Promote biological interception facilities in slope restoration and shelterbelts, with a vegetation coverage target of 85%. Vegetation can reduce runoff by 60%, and strengthen the erosion resistance and soil and water conservation functions of vegetation through a combination of grass, shrubs and trees;

[0011] f. Maintenance system of protective facilities: Design a long-term maintenance system for engineering facilities, including intelligent monitoring sensors and automatic cleaning equipment. The sensors detect the sediment accumulation of terraces and silt dams, and clean them twice a year, with a sediment volume of about 5,000 cubic meters each time;

[0012] g. Optimization of farming methods: Introduce highly adaptable farming methods, promote dryland farming in the soil and water conservation project areas, mainly plant drought-resistant crops such as buckwheat, soybeans, and mung beans, and reduce irrigation water demand by 20%;

[0013] h. Comprehensive utilization: Combine biological and engineering measures to promote high-efficiency agriculture in the gullies and slope foot areas, with the economic forest network planting area reaching 20 apricot trees per hectare, interplanted with grass plants, and an annual output of about 600 kg of apricots per hectare, increasing income by 6,000 yuan per hectare;

[0014] i. Dynamic data monitoring: Build a real-time dynamic monitoring system for key environmental factors such as climate, precipitation, and soil moisture content. The soil moisture content is updated every quarter. Monitoring shows that the peak moisture content in the precipitation season reaches 30%, and the minimum drops to 5% in the dry season;

[0015] j. Ecological restoration and protection: Implement measures such as closing hillsides for afforestation and returning farmland to forests, with the goal of increasing vegetation coverage to 70% and reducing soil loss by 80% in the next three years;

[0016] k. Multi-measure coordinated control: engineering measures are used in combination with biological measures. The runoff interception rate of vegetation is 60%, and engineering measures such as terraces and silt dams can reduce runoff and sediment output by 40%;

[0017] l. Parallel development of economy and ecology: Optimize the configuration of planting structure and industrial model, with the goal of achieving an annual land income increase of 15% while restoring the ecology and providing 30% of employment opportunities for local residents.

[0018] Preferably, in the above-mentioned area division, the top areas with a slope gradient exceeding 25° are given priority for planting shelterbelts, and drainage ditches are installed to reduce soil loss by 30% each year.

[0019] Preferably, the silt dam structure is made of water-resistant and durable materials, and the vegetation configuration preferably uses local drought-resistant and wind-erosion-resistant Caragana korshinskii, Pinus tabulaeformis, and Hippophae rhamnoides. The vegetation coverage rate must reach more than 80%.

[0020] Preferably, the vegetation selection and configuration adopts a mixture of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants, and by selecting plants with different root depths, soil stability and water retention are enhanced.

[0021] Preferably, the water source regulation preferentially adopts a rainwater collection system through natural water collection on slopes and channel interception technology, and the amount of rainwater collected can reach 30% of the annual precipitation.

[0022] Preferably, the farming method is adjusted according to seasonal rainfall changes, and a crop rotation system is adopted to ensure sustainable use of the land and keep soil fertility above 15%.

[0023] Preferably, the dynamic data monitoring collects climate, soil moisture and precipitation data in real time through a sensor network deployed in the area to provide decision support for irrigation and vegetation management.

[0024] Preferably, the water source regulation system is equipped with small water reservoirs, each of which has a capacity of 100 cubic meters, to ensure water supply to vegetation in dry seasons.

[0025] The present invention provides an optimized configuration method for engineering, biological and farming comprehensive measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The optimized configuration method of engineering, biological and farming comprehensive measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas has significantly improved the soil and water conservation capacity of ecologically fragile areas by comprehensively applying engineering measures, biological measures and farming measures. Through precise regional division and evaluation, differentiated engineering facility planning and vegetation selection are adopted for areas with different slopes, which can effectively reduce soil and water erosion, and use intelligent monitoring systems for long-term maintenance of facilities, thus solving the adverse effects of climate change and external environment. The innovative water source regulation system combines rainwater collection and small reservoirs to ensure the water demand of vegetation in the dry season, greatly improving vegetation coverage and ecological stability.

[0027] The invention achieves a good balance between economic benefits and ecological protection. By comprehensively utilizing biological measures and efficient agricultural planting models, it promotes economic forests and drought-resistant crops that adapt to local climatic conditions, effectively improves land use efficiency, and creates more employment opportunities. The introduction of a dynamic data monitoring system ensures the precision of agricultural farming and vegetation management, optimizes resource allocation, and ensures sustainable development of land and long-term economic income growth for local residents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides an optimal configuration method for engineering, biological and farming comprehensive measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas, including: a. Regional division and evaluation: According to the topography, soil, climate and hydrological conditions of the ecologically fragile area, the area is divided into different functional areas, including the top of the slope, the middle of the slope, the foot of the slope, the ditch and other areas. According to the different slope divisions, the top area with a slope greater than 25° needs to be given priority for engineering protection, the middle area of ​​the slope with a slope of 15° to 25° is suitable for biological measures combining forest and grass, and the foot of the slope with a slope of less than 15° is suitable for terrace construction. In the regional division, the top area with a slope exceeding 25° is given priority for planting protective forests, and is coordinated with the installation of water interception ditches to reduce soil loss by 30% each year.

[0031] b. Engineering facility planning: Soil and water conservation projects are planned and constructed on the slope and ditch areas, including terraces, silt dams, intercepting ditches and other protective facilities. A drainage outlet is set up every 50 meters on the terraces. The silt dam has a sediment interception capacity of 10,000 tons per square kilometer per year to ensure soil and water loss protection. The silt dam structure is made of water-resistant and durable materials. The vegetation configuration gives priority to the local drought-resistant and wind-erosion-resistant Caragana korshinskii, Pinus tabulaeformis and Hippophae rhamnoides. The vegetation coverage rate must reach more than 80%.

[0032] c. Vegetation selection and configuration: Based on the local average annual precipitation of about 300 mm and soil moisture content of about 10%, drought-resistant and wind-erosion-resistant native plants are selected for planting, such as Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides and Pinus tabulaeformis. Trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants are planted on the top and middle of the slope to form a composite ecological forest network structure. In the vegetation selection and configuration, a mixture of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants is used. By selecting plants with different root depths, soil stability and water retention are enhanced.

[0033] d. Water source regulation: Design a water conservation system that combines natural precipitation and artificial regulation, and use a small reservoir and water cellar system. Each water cellar has a capacity of 100 cubic meters to ensure that water can be provided for vegetation during the dry season. Water source regulation gives priority to the use of rainwater collection systems through natural slope water collection and ditch interception technology. The amount of rainwater collected can reach 30% of the annual precipitation.

[0034] e. Strengthening biological measures: Promote biological interception facilities in slope restoration and protective forest belts, with a vegetation coverage target of 85%. Vegetation can reduce runoff by 60%, and enhance the vegetation's anti-erosion and soil and water conservation functions through a combination of grass, shrubs and trees.

[0035] f. Maintenance system of protective facilities: Design a long-term maintenance system for engineering facilities, including intelligent monitoring sensors and automatic cleaning equipment. The sensors detect the sediment accumulation of terraces and silt dams, and the silt is cleaned twice a year, with about 5,000 cubic meters of sediment cleaned each time.

[0036] g. Optimization of farming methods: Introduce highly adaptable farming methods, promote dryland farming in soil and water conservation project areas, mainly plant drought-resistant crops such as buckwheat, soybeans, and mung beans, reduce irrigation water demand by 20%, adjust farming methods according to seasonal rainfall changes, and adopt a crop rotation system to ensure sustainable use of land and keep soil fertility above 15%.

[0037] h. Comprehensive utilization: Combining biological and engineering measures, promote high-efficiency agriculture in ditches and slope foot areas, and plant 20 apricot trees per hectare in the economic forest network, interplanting grass plants, and producing about 600 kg of apricots per hectare each year, increasing income by 6,000 yuan per hectare.

[0038] i. Dynamic data monitoring: A real-time dynamic monitoring system for key environmental factors such as climate, precipitation, and soil moisture content is established. Soil moisture content is updated every quarter. Monitoring shows that the peak moisture content in the precipitation season reaches 30%, and the minimum drops to 5% in the dry season. Dynamic data monitoring collects climate, soil moisture and precipitation data in real time through a sensor network deployed in the region, providing decision support for irrigation and vegetation management.

[0039] j. Ecological restoration and protection: Implement measures such as closing mountains to cultivate forests and returning farmland to forests, with the goal of increasing vegetation coverage to 70% and reducing soil loss by 80% in the next three years. The water source regulation system is equipped with small reservoirs, each with a capacity of 100 cubic meters, to ensure water supply for vegetation in the dry season.

[0040] k. Coordinated control of multiple measures: Engineering measures are used in combination with biological measures. The runoff interception rate of vegetation is 60%, and engineering measures such as terraces and silt dams can reduce runoff and sediment output by 40%.

[0041] l. Parallel development of economy and ecology: Optimize the configuration of planting structure and industrial model, with the goal of achieving an annual land income increase of 15% while restoring the ecology and providing 30% of employment opportunities for local residents.

[0042] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The method for optimizing the configuration of engineering, biological and farming integrated measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas is characterized by: include: a. Regional division and assessment: Based on the topography, soil, climate and hydrological conditions of the ecologically fragile area, the area is divided into different functional areas, including the top of the slope, the middle of the slope, the foot of the slope, the ditch and other areas. According to the different slope divisions, the top of the slope with a slope greater than 25° needs to be given priority for engineering protection, the middle of the slope with a slope of 15° to 25° is suitable for biological measures combining forests and grasses, and the foot of the slope with a slope less than 15° is suitable for terrace construction; b. Engineering facility planning: Plan and construct soil and water conservation projects on the slopes and ditch areas, including terraces, silt dams, intercepting ditches and other protective facilities. A drainage outlet is set up every 50 meters on the terraces. The silt dam has a sediment interception capacity of 10,000 tons per square kilometer per year to ensure soil and water loss prevention capabilities; c. Vegetation selection and configuration: Based on the local average annual precipitation of about 300 mm and soil moisture content of about 10%, drought-resistant and wind-erosion-resistant native plants are selected for planting, such as Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides and Pinus tabulaeformis. Trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants are planted on the top and middle of the slope to form a composite ecological forest network structure; d. Water source regulation: Design a water conservation system, combining natural precipitation and artificial regulation, using a small reservoir and water cellar system, each with a capacity of 100 cubic meters, to ensure that water can be provided for vegetation during the dry season; e. Strengthening biological measures: Promote biological interception facilities in slope restoration and shelterbelts, with a vegetation coverage target of 85%. Vegetation can reduce runoff by 60%, and strengthen the erosion resistance and soil and water conservation functions of vegetation through a combination of grass, shrubs and trees; f. Maintenance system of protective facilities: Design a long-term maintenance system for engineering facilities, including intelligent monitoring sensors and automatic cleaning equipment. The sensors detect the sediment accumulation of terraces and silt dams, and clean them twice a year, with a sediment volume of about 5,000 cubic meters each time; g. Optimization of farming methods: Introduce highly adaptable farming methods, promote dryland farming in the soil and water conservation project areas, mainly plant drought-resistant crops such as buckwheat, soybeans, and mung beans, and reduce irrigation water demand by 20%; h. Comprehensive utilization: Combine biological and engineering measures to promote high-efficiency agriculture in the gullies and slope foot areas, with the economic forest network planting area reaching 20 apricot trees per hectare, interplanted with grass plants, and an annual output of about 600 kg of apricots per hectare, increasing income by 6,000 yuan per hectare; i. Dynamic data monitoring: Build a real-time dynamic monitoring system for key environmental factors such as climate, precipitation, and soil moisture content. The soil moisture content is updated every quarter. Monitoring shows that the peak moisture content in the precipitation season reaches 30%, and the minimum drops to 5% in the dry season; j. Ecological restoration and protection: Implement measures such as closing hillsides for afforestation and returning farmland to forests, with the goal of increasing vegetation coverage to 70% and reducing soil loss by 80% in the next three years; k. Multi-measure coordinated control: engineering measures are used in combination with biological measures. The runoff interception rate of vegetation is 60%, and engineering measures such as terraces and silt dams can reduce runoff and sediment output by 40%; l. Parallel development of economy and ecology: Optimize the configuration of planting structure and industrial model, with the goal of achieving an annual land income increase of 15% while restoring the ecology and providing 30% of employment opportunities for local residents.

2. The method for optimizing the configuration of comprehensive engineering, biological and farming measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the above-mentioned area division, priority is given to planting shelterbelts in the top areas of slopes with a slope gradient exceeding 25°, and installation of drainage ditches is also carried out in coordination.

3. The method for optimizing the configuration of engineering, biological and farming integrated measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: The silt dam structure is made of water-resistant and durable materials, and the vegetation configuration preferably uses local drought-resistant and wind-erosion-resistant Caragana korshinskii, Pinus tabulaeformis, and Hippophae rhamnoides. The vegetation coverage rate must reach more than 80%.

4. The method for optimizing the configuration of engineering, biological and farming integrated measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the vegetation selection and configuration, a mixture of trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants is adopted, and soil stability and water retention are enhanced by selecting plants with different root depths.

5. The method for optimizing the configuration of engineering, biological and farming integrated measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water source regulation preferably uses a rainwater collection system through natural water collection on slopes and channel interception technology.

6. The method for optimizing the configuration of engineering, biological and farming integrated measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: The farming methods are adjusted according to seasonal rainfall changes, and a crop rotation system is adopted to ensure sustainable land use and keep soil fertility above 15%.

7. The method for optimizing the configuration of engineering, biological and farming integrated measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: The dynamic data monitoring collects climate, soil moisture and precipitation data in real time through a sensor network deployed in the area, providing decision support for irrigation and vegetation management.

8. The method for optimizing the configuration of engineering, biological and farming integrated measures for soil and water conservation in ecologically fragile areas according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water source regulation system is equipped with small water reservoirs, each of which has a capacity of 100 cubic meters, to ensure the water supply for vegetation in the dry season.

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