Xinjiang pollution-free soilless seedling substrate and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation and agricultural environmental protection, and particularly discloses a Xinjiang pollution-free soilless seedling culture substrate which is prepared by taking sick cotton straws, waste fungus bags or cotton seed shells, sawdust and barnyard manure as composting materials and adding urea, bran, a fermentation inoculant and water; the invention further provides a preparation method. The raw materials of the substrate are mainly wastes, are low in cost, low in price, easy to obtain, free of soil, good in water-retaining property, free of insecticides and bactericides, free of pollution, long in high-temperature fermentation time and capable of completely killing sclerotia, pests, worm eggs and seeds, and diseases are few after the substrate is used.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation and agricultural environmental protection, and specifically relates to a Xinjiang pollution-free soilless seedling medium and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of facility horticulture and the expansion of the area of ​​transplanted crops in the field, the number of plug tray seedlings has increased year by year. At present, most of the local seedling substrates in Xinjiang are produced from other places or abroad, with poor water retention, high prices and high transportation costs, which leads to high seedling costs. Most of the local substrates are soil substrates that improve water retention and add soil to retain water. They form poor clumps, are easy to fall apart, have low transplant survival rates, have many grass seeds, and are seriously diseased. There are no strict restrictions on the method and time of composting for local soilless seedling substrates, and the composting temperature is not high. Diseases and pests in the straw become the source of diseases and pests in the seedling process. The substrate is not bagged and stacked correctly, making it a place for a large number of pests to overwinter. Summary of the invention

[0003] The first purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of high cost of local seedling substrates in Xinjiang, many substrate diseases, insect pests, grass seeds and poor water retention, and to provide a pollution-free soilless seedling substrate in Xinjiang. The substrate is sourced nearby and uses diseased cotton stalks as raw materials, which reduces production costs, realizes the resource utilization of agricultural waste, and protects cotton fields at the same time.

[0004] The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the soilless seedling raising substrate.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is specifically achieved through the following technical solutions: A Xinjiang pollution-free soilless seedling medium, the medium is made of raw materials including the following proportions: Diseased cotton straw, discarded fungus bags or cotton seed hulls, sawdust and manure are mixed in a volume ratio of 10:1.5:1.5:1.5 to form a mixture. 0.5 kg of urea, 5 kg of bran and 0.5 kg of fermentation agent are added to each cubic meter of the mixture to form composting material. Water is also included to control the moisture content of the composting material to 40-45%.

[0006] Preferably, the waste mushroom bags are made of cotton seed hulls as a main raw material; and the manure is uncomposted cow dung, sheep dung or chicken dung.

[0007] The method for preparing the pollution-free soilless seedling medium in Xinjiang comprises the following steps: 1) Processing of raw materials 1.1) Diseased cotton straw: In the cotton fields with severe Verticillium wilt and wilt, the diseased straw is harvested by machine and packed into bales, and then crushed into 0.4-0.8 cm particles in batches; 1.2) Waste mushroom bags or cotton seed husks: The discarded mushroom bags after the mushrooms are harvested by edible mushroom enterprises are not crushed, and the plastic bags of the discarded mushroom bags are removed; cotton seed husks are used directly; 1.3) Sawdust: waste from nearby wood processing plants, used directly; 1.4) Manure: Use livestock and poultry waste from nearby farms and use it directly without further processing; 2) Composting method Diseased cotton straw, discarded fungus bags or cotton seed hulls, sawdust and manure are mixed in a volume ratio of 10:1.5:1.5:1.5 to form a mixture. 0.5 kg of urea, 5 kg of bran and 0.5 kg of fermentation agent are added to each cubic meter of the mixture to form a composting material. Water is added to control the moisture content of the composting material to be between 40-45%, and then it is piled into a trapezoidal pile with a width of 2-3 meters and a height of 1.5 meters. The pile is turned over 7-8 days after the pile temperature exceeds 68°C. When turning the pile, the moisture of the pile is replenished to 30-40%. The pile is turned over again after an interval of 7-10 days. After three turnings, the raw materials in the pile are fully decomposed, and the pathogens, insect eggs and weed seeds are killed. When the pile temperature drops to 50°C, the pile height is reduced to 0.5m, dried, and the matrix is ​​bagged when the moisture content reaches 10-15% to obtain a soilless seedling medium.

[0008] Preferably, in step 1.2), the waste mushroom bags are mainly made of cottonseed hulls; in step 1.4), the manure is uncomposted cow dung, sheep dung or chicken dung.

[0009] Furthermore, the composting time of step 2) is carried out in June to August when the temperature in Xinjiang is the highest, and the composting is completed before August 20.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 2), after the last turning of the pile, an insect-proof net is set on the pile, and the distance between the insect-proof net and the pile is more than 30 cm.

[0011] Furthermore, the fully decomposed bagged soilless seedling substrate is placed in a ventilated warehouse that can isolate the entry and exit of pests.

[0012] The present invention aims at the problems that the cost of soilless seedling substrate in Xinjiang is too high, and the substrate has many diseases, insect pests, grass seeds and poor water retention during production. The cotton straw with diseases and other raw materials are taken nearby, and the cotton straw with diseases and insects is not returned to the field, which reduces the accumulation of pathogens of Verticillium wilt and Fusarium wilt in cotton fields, reduces production costs, realizes resource utilization of agricultural waste, protects cotton fields, and creates conditions for the sustainable development of cotton fields; the auxiliary materials of the substrate, such as discarded fungus bags, sawdust and manure, retain water and have sufficient nutrients, and no fertilizer and water-retaining materials need to be added during the growth period, and the water storage property is good, and the substrate can be kept moist for a long time. The substrate attached to the root can provide nutrients and water for the growth of the plant after transplanting, has super water retention performance, and is a moisture-retaining substrate that is conducive to the survival of seedling transplanting in the extremely dry environment of Xinjiang. After large-scale production, it also solves the problem of waste pollution of the environment for edible fungi factories, wood processing plants, and breeding enterprises. The substrate of the present invention is convenient to obtain materials, and the environment is favorably protected.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) All raw materials used are local raw materials with sufficient quantity and stable source; (2) The composting time is limited, so that the temperature of the pile reaches above 68°C for more than 20 days, which can completely kill the pathogens and sclerotia of Verticillium wilt and Fusarium wilt in the diseased cotton straw, grass seeds in the straw and manure, and pests in the pile. The pile should be bagged before August 20 to prevent the low temperature at night in autumn from warming the pests and laying eggs in the pile, which will become a place for pests to overwinter; (3) The main raw materials are all waste, which realizes waste recycling and turns waste into treasure. In addition, the collection of diseased cotton straw is helpful to reduce the number of disease sources in diseased cotton fields, reduce pollution, and is conducive to the sustainable development of farmland; (4) The matrix of the present invention is specially designed for local seedling cultivation in Xinjiang. The discarded mushroom bags and sawdust in the raw materials have good water retention, which can improve the survival rate of transplanted seedlings in the field. After the seedlings are planted, they can grow quickly. (5) The main raw materials in the matrix are mostly waste materials, and they are obtained nearby, so the cost is low; (6) It uses high temperature to kill insects and bacteria, without adding pesticides, fungicides and regulators, which is environmentally friendly and sustainable; (7) There is no soil in the substrate, which is well ventilated and conducive to the root system of crops to form clumps. It is light in texture and easy to transport. (8) The higher composting temperature can directly compost manure and discarded fungus bags into fine particles, reducing processing costs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0015] Example 1 A low-cost, pollution-free, soilless seedling medium locally produced in Xinjiang. The raw materials are as follows: diseased cotton straw, discarded fungus bags or cotton seed shells, sawdust, and manure are mixed in a volume ratio of 10:1.5:1.5:1.5 to form a mixture. 0.5 kg of urea, 5 kg of bran, and 0.5 kg of fermentation agent are added to each cubic meter of the mixture to form a composting material. Water is added to control the moisture content of the composting material to be 40-45%. The discarded fungus bags are discarded fungus bags made of cotton seed shells as the main raw material, and the manure is uncomposted cow dung, sheep dung, or chicken dung.

[0016] The preparation method of the soilless seedling medium comprises the following steps: 1. Processing of matrix raw materials 1.1 Diseased cotton straw: In the diseased plots with severe Verticillium wilt and wilt, the diseased straw is harvested by machine and packed into bales, and then crushed into 0.4-0.8cm particles in batches; 1.2 Waste mushroom bags or cotton seed husks: The waste mushroom bags after the edible mushroom enterprises produce mushrooms are not crushed, and the plastic bags of the waste mushroom bags are removed. It is preferred to use the waste mushroom bags after the edible mushroom bags with cotton seed husks as the main raw material; cotton seed husks can be used directly; 1.3 Sawdust: Use the waste from nearby wood processing plants, get it nearby and use it directly; 1.4 Manure: Use livestock and poultry waste from nearby farms, preferably uncomposted cow dung, sheep dung or chicken dung. Collect materials nearby and use them directly without further processing.

[0017] 2. Composting method 2.1 Mix diseased cotton stalks, discarded fungus bags or cotton seed hulls, sawdust and manure in a volume ratio of 10:1.5:1.5:1.5 to form a mixture. Add 0.5 kg of urea, 5 kg of bran and 0.5 kg of fermentation agent to each cubic meter of the mixture to form a composting material. The fermentation agent can be an aerobic fermentation agent or a composite agent containing lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus, yeast, cellulose decomposing bacteria and other bacteria. Add water to control the moisture content of the composting material to 40-4 5%, and then it is piled into a trapezoidal pile with a width of 2-3 meters and a height of 1.5 meters. The pile is turned over 7-8 days after the temperature of the pile exceeds 68℃. When turning the pile, the moisture of the pile is replenished to 30-40%. The pile is turned over again after an interval of 7-10 days. After three turnings, the raw materials in the pile are fully decomposed, and the pathogens, insect eggs and weed seeds are killed. When the temperature of the pile drops to 50℃, the pile height is reduced to 0.5m, dried in the sun, and the substrate is bagged when the moisture content reaches 10-15% to obtain a soilless seedling medium.

[0018] 2.2 The composting time should be from June to August when the temperature is highest in Xinjiang, and the composting should be completed before August 20.

[0019] 2.3 Insect prevention measures for substrate: After the last turning of the pile, set a 60-mesh fine-mesh insect-proof net on the pile, with the fine-mesh insect-proof net at least 30 cm away from the pile to prevent farmland pests and flies from entering the pile for wintering and prevent the pile from becoming a reservoir for pests.

[0020] 2.4 Storage of substrate: Place the fully decomposed bagged substrate in a well-ventilated warehouse that is isolated from pests.

[0021] The present invention utilizes local farmland waste (cotton diseased field straw), edible fungus production waste (mushroom waste residue), breeding waste livestock manure, etc. in Xinjiang to develop high-quality, low-cost organic soilless seedling matrix, and utilizes biological bacteria to increase the temperature of the compost pile, selects the climate conditions with the highest temperature from June to August in Xinjiang, and the compost pile temperature reaches 68°C for more than 20 days, and the composting work is completed within 45 days. After the matrix is ​​prepared, the sclerotium of Verticillium wilt, pests, eggs, and seeds are all killed. The raw material cost of the soilless seedling matrix of the present invention is low, the materials are obtained nearby, the raw materials are abundant and easy to obtain, the matrix is ​​soilless, the water retention is good, no pesticides, fungicides, etc. are added, it is pollution-free, and it is suitable for Xinjiang. The soilless seedling matrix is ​​suitable for local facility vegetables, fruit trees, and field transplanting and processing tomatoes, transplanting peppers, melons, forest trees and other crops.

[0022] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pollution-free soilless seedling medium in Xinjiang, characterized in that: The matrix is ​​made of raw materials including the following proportions: Diseased cotton straw, discarded fungus bags or cotton seed hulls, sawdust and manure are mixed in a volume ratio of 10:1.5:1.5:1.5 to form a mixture. 0.5 kg of urea, 5 kg of bran and 0.5 kg of fermentation agent are added to each cubic meter of the mixture to form composting material. Water is also included to control the moisture content of the composting material to 40-45%.

2. The Xinjiang pollution-free soilless seedling medium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste mushroom bags are mainly made of cotton seed hulls; the manure is uncomposted cow dung, sheep dung or chicken dung.

3. The method for preparing the pollution-free soilless seedling medium in Xinjiang according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: 1) Processing of raw materials 1.1) Diseased cotton straw: In the cotton fields with severe Verticillium wilt and wilt, the diseased straw is harvested by machine and packed into bales, and then crushed into 0.4-0.8 cm particles in batches; 1.2) Waste mushroom bags or cotton seed husks: The discarded mushroom bags after the mushrooms are harvested by edible mushroom enterprises are not crushed, and the plastic bags of the discarded mushroom bags are removed; cotton seed husks are used directly; 1.3) Sawdust: waste from nearby wood processing plants, used directly; 1.4) Manure: Use livestock and poultry waste from nearby farms and use it directly without further processing; 2) Composting method Diseased cotton straw, discarded fungus bags or cotton seed hulls, sawdust and manure are mixed in a volume ratio of 10:1.5:1.5:1.5 to form a mixture. 0.5 kg of urea, 5 kg of bran and 0.5 kg of fermentation agent are added to each cubic meter of the mixture to form a composting material. Water is added to control the moisture content of the composting material to be between 40-45%, and then it is piled into a trapezoidal pile with a width of 2-3 meters and a height of 1.5 meters. The pile is turned over 7-8 days after the pile temperature exceeds 68°C. When turning the pile, the moisture of the pile is replenished to a moisture content of 30-40%. The pile is turned over again after an interval of 7-10 days. After three turnings, the raw materials in the pile are fully decomposed, and the pathogens, insect eggs and weed seeds are killed. When the pile temperature drops to 50°C, the pile height is reduced to 0.5m, dried, and the matrix is ​​bagged when the moisture content reaches 10-15% to obtain a soilless seedling medium.

4. The method for preparing the pollution-free soilless seedling medium in Xinjiang according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 1.2), the waste mushroom bags are mainly made of cotton seed hulls; in step 1.4), the manure is uncomposted cow dung, sheep dung or chicken dung.

5. The method for preparing the pollution-free soilless seedling medium in Xinjiang according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composting time of step 2) is from June to August when the temperature is the highest in Xinjiang, and the composting is completed before August 20.

6. The method for preparing the pollution-free soilless seedling medium in Xinjiang according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step 2) After the last turning of the pile, set up an insect-proof net on the pile, with the distance between the insect-proof net and the pile at least 30 cm.

7. The method for preparing the pollution-free soilless seedling medium in Xinjiang according to claim 3, characterized in that: Place the fully decomposed bagged soilless seedling medium in a well-ventilated warehouse that is isolated from the entry and exit of pests.