Optimization method and system for photovoltaic panel site selection and inclination angle selection of mountain terrain

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimization method and system for photovoltaic panel site selection and inclination angle selection of mountain terrain, and relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and the method comprises the steps: collecting terrain data and tree data, and constructing a three-dimensional terrain model and a three-dimensional tree model; acquiring astronomical data in a mountain terrain area to which the photovoltaic panel belongs, performing sun trajectory simulation, and performing shadow calculation based on the constructed three-dimensional terrain model and the three-dimensional tree model and a simulated sun trajectory curve; and evaluating a shadow distribution map obtained by shadow calculation, determining a photovoltaic panel site selection and an inclination angle adjustment angle, and outputting a result through a visualization system. According to the method, the three-dimensional terrain model and the three-dimensional tree model are constructed, the sun trajectory simulation is carried out, shadow calculation is carried out based on the constructed model and the simulated sun trajectory curve, the shadow distribution map obtained through shadow calculation is evaluated, the installation position and site selection of the photovoltaic panel are optimized, and the power generation efficiency is improved. And unnecessary land leveling and tree felling are reduced, and the construction cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to an optimization method and system for selecting a photovoltaic panel site and an inclination angle in a mountainous terrain. Background Art

[0002] With the transformation of the global energy structure and the popularization of clean energy, photovoltaic power generation, as an important form of renewable energy, has received increasing attention in mountainous areas. Mountainous areas usually have relatively abundant solar energy resources and relatively low land costs, which makes the investment in photovoltaic power generation in mountainous areas have significant economic and environmental benefits. On the one hand, mountain photovoltaic power generation can effectively utilize unused land and improve the diversity and stability of energy supply; on the other hand, it helps reduce dependence on traditional energy, reduce carbon emissions, and promote green and low-carbon development.

[0003] However, there are many challenges and problems when installing photovoltaic panels on mountains for power generation. First, the mountain terrain is complex and changeable, with different slopes and orientations, which directly affects the choice of the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panels. An inappropriate tilt angle will cause the photovoltaic panels to fail to receive solar radiation to the greatest extent, thereby reducing the power generation efficiency. Secondly, there are usually many trees in mountainous areas, which will cast shadows at different times, blocking the photovoltaic panels, affecting the daylight rate, and further affecting the power generation efficiency.

[0004] Specifically, the complexity of mountain terrain makes it difficult to standardize the layout of photovoltaic panels, and each photovoltaic panel may need to be adjusted in a personalized tilt angle; and tree shading is a dynamic problem that needs to consider multiple factors such as season and time. The existence of these problems not only increases the difficulty of designing and constructing photovoltaic power stations, but also increases operation and maintenance costs, limiting the potential and benefits of mountain photovoltaic power generation.

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the industry has conducted many explorations and attempts, but there are still many difficulties and challenges. For example, how to accurately evaluate the impact of mountain terrain on the layout of photovoltaic panels? How to effectively simulate and predict the dynamic changes of tree shadows? How to achieve accurate positioning and tilt angle adjustment of photovoltaic panels in actual construction? The solution to these problems requires the comprehensive use of multidisciplinary knowledge such as geographic information systems, photovoltaic simulation technology, and automated control.

[0006] In view of the above background, the present invention aims to provide an optimization method and system for site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, realize the efficient layout and operation of photovoltaic panels in mountainous areas, maximize the power generation efficiency, reduce the design and operation and maintenance costs, and promote the large-scale and intelligent development of mountain photovoltaic power generation. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0008] Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to effectively simulate and predict the dynamic changes of tree shadows when deploying photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain, and accurately evaluate the impact of mountainous terrain on the layout of photovoltaic panels.

[0009] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an optimization method for photovoltaic panel site selection and inclination angle selection in mountainous terrain, which includes collecting terrain data and tree data, constructing a three-dimensional terrain model and a three-dimensional tree model; obtaining astronomical data in the mountainous terrain area where the photovoltaic panels belong, simulating the sun's trajectory, and performing shadow calculation based on the constructed three-dimensional terrain model and three-dimensional tree model, as well as the simulated sun's trajectory curve; evaluating the shadow distribution map obtained by the shadow calculation, determining the photovoltaic panel site selection and inclination angle adjustment angle, and outputting the results through a visualization system.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the optimization method for selecting the site and inclination angle of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain described in the present invention, the method for constructing the three-dimensional terrain model includes using a multi-sensor device carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle to collect data, and using a ground or airborne laser radar system to perform high-precision terrain scanning to obtain terrain elevation data, terrain texture data, terrain slope and aspect data, geological structure data and hydrological data; the terrain texture data includes the surface characteristics of soil, rock and vegetation; the geological structure data includes the structure and lithology data of the strata; the hydrological data includes the data of rivers, streams and accumulation Distribution characteristics of water areas; pre-process the collected data, generate a digital elevation model based on the pre-processed terrain elevation data, express the undulations of the terrain, map the terrain texture data onto the digital elevation model to form a terrain surface, and extract the mountainous features of the terrain in the digital elevation model; combine the mountainous features with the terrain slope and aspect data, analyze the mutual angle of incidence of sunlight based on the terrain slope and aspect information calculated based on the elevation data, combine the mountainous features with the geological structure data to calculate, evaluate the stability of the terrain and the difficulty of construction, and combine the mountainous features with the hydrological data to calculate and evaluate the risk of flooding.

[0011] As a preferred scheme of the optimization method for site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain described in the present invention, the method for constructing the three-dimensional tree model includes: using unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing images to identify and measure tree parameters, including position data, height data, crown data, trunk diameter data, tree species data and growth status data; based on the parameter data of the trees, a parametric modeling method is adopted, and a model is constructed considering seasonal changes, including a deciduous period model and a growing period model; the deciduous period model constructs a leafless or less-leafed tree model according to the morphology of the trees during the deciduous period, and adjusts the morphology and distribution of the trunks and branches; the growing period model constructs a tree model full of leaves according to the morphology of the trees during the growing period, and adjusts the shape, size, distribution and density of the leaves.

[0012] As a preferred scheme of the optimization method for site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain described in the present invention, the solar trajectory simulation includes obtaining the precise geographic coordinates of the mountain photovoltaic power station, including longitude, latitude and altitude, obtaining astronomical parameters corresponding to the geographic coordinates including the solar declination and hour angle, determining the simulation time range, and starting the model; the declination reflects the position change of the sun's direct point on the equator, and the hour angle reflects the angle of the sun relative to the local meridian; based on the declination, hour angle and local latitude, the solar altitude and azimuth are calculated to determine the solar position; a number of discrete time points are selected, the solar altitude and azimuth at each time point are calculated, the calculated discrete solar positions are interpolated, and the solar trajectory changes caused by seasons are considered to generate a continuous solar trajectory curve to complete the simulation of the solar trajectory.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the optimization method for site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain described in the present invention, the shadow calculation includes: determining the sun position at a specific time point according to the sun trajectory curve, emitting light from the sun position to the constructed three-dimensional terrain model and three-dimensional tree model, simulating the irradiation of sunlight, tracing the propagation path of light on the three-dimensional terrain model and the three-dimensional tree model, and determining the light blocking and irradiation conditions; for each light, judging whether it is blocked by the terrain or trees, if the light is completely or partially blocked, a shadow is generated at the irradiation position, and according to the blocking conditions, determining the specific position and range of the shadow, including the shape, size and depth of the shadow; calculating the intensity of the shadow area, that is, the degree to which the light is blocked, represented by the attenuation coefficient of the light; considering the dynamic changes of the sun trajectory, calculating the position and attribute changes of the shadow at different time points; considering the seasonal changes of trees, the basic parameters are provided by the deciduous period model and the growing period model, and the shadow calculation parameters are adjusted to reflect the shadow characteristics of different seasons; for the shadows generated by multiple trees, superposition processing is performed to form an overall shadow effect, and the terrain shadows and tree shadows are merged to form a comprehensive shadow distribution map.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the optimization method for photovoltaic panel site selection and inclination angle selection in mountainous terrain described in the present invention, the determination of photovoltaic panel site selection and inclination angle adjustment angle includes: analyzing the shadow intensity in the shadow distribution map, determining the area that has an impact on photovoltaic panel power generation, calculating the duration of photovoltaic panels being blocked by shadows at different locations according to the sun's trajectory and the dynamic changes of shadows, assigning weights to shadow effects in different areas according to the shadow intensity and duration, quantifying the impact on power generation efficiency, simulating the light intensity received by photovoltaic panels at different locations in combination with shadow distribution and photovoltaic panel characteristics, and calculating the expected power generation of photovoltaic panels at different locations according to the light intensity and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panels; comparing the expected power generation with the minimum power generation efficiency threshold, and using the location above the threshold as the final installation location of the photovoltaic panel, and abandoning the photovoltaic panel deployment plan for the location below the threshold; analyzing the shadow changes and photovoltaic panel characteristics of the final installation location in different seasons, and calculating the optimal working inclination angle for each period.

[0015] As a preferred solution of the optimization method for site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain described in the present invention, the output of the results through a visualization system includes using three-dimensional graphics technology to display the three-dimensional layout of mountainous terrain, trees and photovoltaic panels, calibrating the shadow position, range and intensity for each photovoltaic panel pre-deployment position, and obtaining shadow data for different time periods by dragging the time axis; each pre-deployment position is marked whether the final deployment is to be carried out, and if the final deployment is determined, the optimal working inclination angle for different time periods is given.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide an optimization system for photovoltaic panel site selection and inclination angle selection in mountainous terrain. This system can obtain shadow data based on terrain data, tree data and sun trajectory curve, evaluate the shadow area, and determine the final photovoltaic panel installation position and working inclination angle.

[0017] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a system for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain, comprising: a model construction module, a shadow calculation module and a shadow evaluation module; the model construction module collects terrain data and tree data, and constructs a three-dimensional terrain model and a three-dimensional tree model; the shadow calculation module obtains astronomical data in the mountainous terrain area where the photovoltaic panels belong, performs solar trajectory simulation, and performs shadow calculation based on the constructed three-dimensional terrain model and three-dimensional tree model, as well as the simulated solar trajectory curve; the shadow evaluation module evaluates the shadow distribution map obtained by the shadow calculation, determines the site selection and inclination angle adjustment angle of the photovoltaic panels, and outputs the results through a visualization system.

[0018] A computer device comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the above-mentioned method for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain are implemented.

[0019] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: when photovoltaic panels are installed on mountains for power generation, there are usually many trees in mountainous areas. These trees will cast shadows at different time periods, blocking the photovoltaic panels and affecting the daylighting rate. In order to address this problem, the present invention constructs a three-dimensional terrain model and a three-dimensional tree model, and performs solar trajectory simulation. Shadow calculation is performed based on the constructed three-dimensional terrain model and three-dimensional tree model, as well as the simulated solar trajectory curve. The shadow distribution map obtained by the shadow calculation is evaluated, the installation location selection of photovoltaic panels is optimized, the power generation efficiency is improved, and unnecessary land leveling and tree felling are reduced, thereby reducing construction costs.

[0021] Furthermore, the present invention takes into account the impact of seasonal changes on shadow changes, designs an optimal working inclination angle for each time period, and further improves the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. Among them:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of an optimization method for selecting a photovoltaic panel site and an inclination angle in a mountainous terrain in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a module structure diagram of an optimization system for photovoltaic panel site selection and inclination angle selection in mountainous terrain in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar generalizations without violating the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0027] Example 1, reference Figure 1 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, and which provides an optimization method for selecting the site and inclination angle of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain, including: Figure 1 As shown:

[0028] S1. Collect terrain data and tree data, and construct a three-dimensional terrain model and a three-dimensional tree model.

[0029] The specific method of constructing a three-dimensional terrain model includes using multi-sensor equipment carried by drones to collect data, and using ground or airborne lidar systems to perform high-precision terrain scanning to obtain terrain elevation data, terrain texture data, terrain slope and aspect data, geological structure data, and hydrological data.

[0030] Terrain texture data includes surface features of soil, rock, and vegetation.

[0031] Geological structure data include structure and lithology data of strata.

[0032] Hydrological data include the distribution characteristics of rivers, streams and waterlogged areas.

[0033] The collected data is preprocessed, and a digital elevation model is generated based on the preprocessed terrain elevation data to express the undulating changes of the terrain. The terrain texture data is mapped to the digital elevation model to form a terrain surface, and the mountainous features of the terrain in the digital elevation model are extracted.

[0034] Combine mountain features with terrain slope and aspect data, calculate terrain slope and aspect information based on elevation data, analyze the mutual angle of incidence of sunlight, combine mountain features with geological structure data to calculate, evaluate the stability of the terrain and construction difficulty, combine mountain features with hydrological data to calculate, and evaluate flood risks.

[0035] The specific method of constructing the three-dimensional tree model includes using UAV remote sensing images to identify and measure tree parameters, including location data, height data, crown data, trunk diameter data, tree species data and growth status data.

[0036] Based on the parameter data of trees, a parametric modeling method is adopted, and the model including the leaf fall period model and the growing period model is constructed by considering seasonal changes.

[0037] The defoliation period model constructs a tree model with no leaves or few leaves according to the morphology of trees during the defoliation period, and adjusts the morphology and distribution of trunks and branches.

[0038] The growing season model builds a tree model full of leaves based on the tree's morphology during the growing season, and adjusts the shape, size, distribution and density of the leaves.

[0039] S2. Acquire astronomical data in the mountainous terrain area where the photovoltaic panels are located, perform solar trajectory simulation, and perform shadow calculation based on the constructed three-dimensional terrain model and three-dimensional tree model and the simulated solar trajectory curve.

[0040] The simulation of the solar trajectory specifically includes obtaining the precise geographic coordinates of the mountain photovoltaic power station, including longitude, latitude and altitude, obtaining the astronomical parameters corresponding to the geographic coordinates including the solar declination and hour angle, determining the simulation time range, and starting the model.

[0041] The declination angle reflects the change in the position of the sun's direct point on the equator, and the hour angle reflects the angle of the sun relative to the local meridian. Based on the declination angle, hour angle and local latitude, the sun's altitude angle and azimuth are calculated to determine the sun's position.

[0042] Select several discrete time points, calculate the solar altitude and azimuth at each time point, interpolate the calculated discrete solar positions, consider the seasonal changes in the solar trajectory, generate a continuous solar trajectory curve, and complete the simulation of the solar trajectory.

[0043] Shadow calculation specifically includes: determining the sun's position at a specific time point according to the sun's trajectory curve, emitting light from the sun's position to the constructed three-dimensional terrain model and three-dimensional tree model, simulating the sun's rays, tracing the propagation path of the light on the three-dimensional terrain model and three-dimensional tree model, and determining the light's shielding and exposure conditions.

[0044] For each ray of light, determine whether it is blocked by terrain or trees. If the light is completely or partially blocked, a shadow will be generated at the illumination position. Based on the blocking situation, determine the specific position and range of the shadow, including the shape, size and depth of the shadow.

[0045] Calculate the intensity of the shadow area, that is, the degree to which the light is blocked, which is represented by the attenuation coefficient of the light.

[0046] Considering the dynamic changes of the sun's trajectory, the position and property changes of the shadow at different time points are calculated.

[0047] Taking into account the seasonal changes of trees, the leaf fall period model and the growing period model provide basic parameters, and the shadow calculation parameters are adjusted to reflect the shadow characteristics of different seasons.

[0048] The shadows produced by multiple trees are superimposed to form an overall shadow effect, and the terrain shadows and tree shadows are merged to form a comprehensive shadow distribution map.

[0049] S3. Evaluate the shadow distribution map obtained by shadow calculation, determine the location of the photovoltaic panels and the tilt adjustment angle, and output the results through a visualization system.

[0050] Determining the site selection and tilt adjustment angle of photovoltaic panels specifically includes analyzing the shadow intensity in the shadow distribution map, determining the areas that have an impact on photovoltaic panel power generation, calculating the duration that photovoltaic panels are blocked by shadows at different locations based on the sun's trajectory and dynamic shadow changes, assigning weights to shadow impacts in different areas based on shadow intensity and duration, quantifying the impact on power generation efficiency, simulating the light intensity received by photovoltaic panels at different locations based on shadow distribution and photovoltaic panel characteristics, and calculating the expected power generation of photovoltaic panels at different locations based on light intensity and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels.

[0051] The expected power generation is compared with the minimum power generation efficiency threshold. The location above the threshold is used as the final installation location of the photovoltaic panel. If the location is below the threshold, the photovoltaic panel deployment plan is abandoned.

[0052] The shadow changes and photovoltaic panel characteristics of the final installation location in different seasons are analyzed to calculate the optimal working inclination angle for each period.

[0053] The three-dimensional layout of mountain terrain, trees and photovoltaic panels is displayed using three-dimensional graphics technology. The shadow position, range and intensity are calibrated for each pre-deployment location of the photovoltaic panel, and the shadow data of different time periods are obtained by dragging the time axis.

[0054] Each pre-deployment position is marked with whether the final deployment is to be carried out. If the final deployment is determined, the optimal working inclination angle in different time periods is given.

[0055] Example 2, reference Figure 2 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention, and is different from the first embodiment in that: a system for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain, characterized in that: it includes a model construction module 100, a shadow calculation module 200 and a shadow evaluation module 300; the model construction module 100 collects terrain data and tree data, and constructs a three-dimensional terrain model and a three-dimensional tree model; the shadow calculation module 200 obtains astronomical data in the mountainous terrain area where the photovoltaic panels belong, performs solar trajectory simulation, and performs shadow calculation based on the constructed three-dimensional terrain model and three-dimensional tree model, as well as the simulated solar trajectory curve; the shadow evaluation module 300 evaluates the shadow distribution map obtained by the shadow calculation, determines the site selection and inclination angle adjustment angle of the photovoltaic panels, and outputs the results through a visualization system.

[0056] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc., which can store program codes.

[0057] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in conjunction with such instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in conjunction with such instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses.

[0058] More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include the following: an electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk case (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be a paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, deciphering or, if necessary, processing in another suitable manner, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0059] It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, a plurality of steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0060] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain, characterized by: include, Collect terrain data and tree data, and build 3D terrain models and 3D tree models; Acquire astronomical data in the mountainous terrain area where the photovoltaic panels are located, simulate the sun's trajectory, and calculate shadows based on the constructed three-dimensional terrain model and three-dimensional tree model as well as the simulated sun's trajectory curve; The shadow distribution map obtained by shadow calculation is evaluated to determine the location of photovoltaic panels and the tilt adjustment angle, and the results are output through a visualization system.

2. The method for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for constructing the three-dimensional terrain model includes using a multi-sensor device carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle to collect data, and using a ground or airborne laser radar system to perform high-precision terrain scanning to obtain terrain elevation data, terrain texture data, terrain slope and aspect data, geological structure data, and hydrological data; The terrain texture data includes surface features of soil, rock and vegetation; The geological structure data include structure and lithology data of the strata; The hydrological data include the distribution characteristics of rivers, streams and waterlogged areas; Preprocess the collected data, generate a digital elevation model based on the preprocessed terrain elevation data, express the undulation of the terrain, map the terrain texture data onto the digital elevation model to form a terrain surface, and extract the mountain features of the terrain in the digital elevation model; Combine mountain features with terrain slope and aspect data, calculate terrain slope and aspect information based on elevation data, analyze the mutual angle of incidence of sunlight, combine mountain features with geological structure data to calculate, evaluate the stability of the terrain and construction difficulty, combine mountain features with hydrological data to calculate, and evaluate flood risks.

3. The method for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method for constructing the three-dimensional tree model includes using UAV remote sensing images to identify and measure tree parameters, including location data, height data, crown width data, trunk diameter data, tree species data and growth status data; Based on the parameter data of trees, a parametric modeling method is adopted, and the model is constructed by considering seasonal changes, including the leaf fall period model and the growth period model; The defoliation model constructs a tree model with no leaves or few leaves according to the morphology of the tree during the defoliation period, and adjusts the morphology and distribution of the trunk and branches; The growth period model constructs a tree model full of leaves according to the morphology of the tree during the growth period, and adjusts the shape, size, distribution and density of the leaves.

4. The method for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain according to claim 3, characterized in that: The solar trajectory simulation includes obtaining the precise geographic coordinates of the mountain photovoltaic power station, including longitude, latitude and altitude, obtaining astronomical parameters corresponding to the geographic coordinates, including the declination angle and hour angle of the sun, determining the time range of the simulation, and starting the model; The declination angle reflects the position change of the sun's direct point on the equator, and the hour angle reflects the angle of the sun relative to the local meridian. Based on the declination angle, hour angle and local latitude, the altitude angle and azimuth angle of the sun are calculated to determine the sun's position; Select several discrete time points, calculate the solar altitude and azimuth at each time point, interpolate the calculated discrete solar positions, consider the seasonal changes in the solar trajectory, generate a continuous solar trajectory curve, and complete the simulation of the solar trajectory.

5. The method for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shadow calculation includes determining the sun position at a specific time point according to the sun trajectory curve, emitting light from the sun position to the constructed three-dimensional terrain model and three-dimensional tree model, simulating the irradiation of sunlight, tracing the propagation path of the light on the three-dimensional terrain model and the three-dimensional tree model, and determining the shading and irradiation of the light; For each ray of light, determine whether it is blocked by terrain or trees. If the light is completely or partially blocked, a shadow will be generated at the irradiation position. According to the blocking situation, determine the specific position and range of the shadow, including the shape, size and depth of the shadow; Calculate the intensity of the shadow area, that is, the degree to which the light is blocked, expressed by the attenuation coefficient of the light; Considering the dynamic changes of the sun's trajectory, the position and property changes of the shadow at different time points are calculated; Taking into account the seasonal changes of trees, the leaf fall period model and the growth period model provide basic parameters, and the shadow calculation parameters are adjusted to reflect the shadow characteristics of different seasons; The shadows produced by multiple trees are superimposed to form an overall shadow effect, and the terrain shadows and tree shadows are merged to form a comprehensive shadow distribution map.

6. The method for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain according to claim 5, characterized in that: The determination of the photovoltaic panel site selection and tilt adjustment angle includes analyzing the shadow intensity in the shadow distribution map, determining the area that has an impact on the photovoltaic panel power generation, calculating the duration of the photovoltaic panel being shaded at different locations according to the sun's trajectory and the dynamic change of the shadow, assigning weights to the shadow effects of different areas according to the shadow intensity and duration, quantifying the impact on power generation efficiency, simulating the light intensity received by the photovoltaic panel at different locations in combination with the shadow distribution and the characteristics of the photovoltaic panel, and calculating the expected power generation of the photovoltaic panels at different locations according to the light intensity and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic panel; Compare the expected power generation with the minimum power generation efficiency threshold. The location above the threshold is used as the final installation location of the photovoltaic panel. If the location is below the threshold, the photovoltaic panel deployment plan is abandoned. The shadow changes and photovoltaic panel characteristics of the final installation location in different seasons are analyzed to calculate the optimal working inclination angle for each period.

7. The method for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain according to claim 6, characterized in that: Outputting the results through a visualization system includes using three-dimensional graphics technology to display the three-dimensional layout of mountain terrain, trees and photovoltaic panels, calibrating the shadow position, range and intensity of each photovoltaic panel pre-deployment position, and obtaining shadow data of different time periods by dragging the time axis; Each pre-deployment position is marked with whether the final deployment is to be carried out. If the final deployment is determined, the optimal working inclination angle in different time periods is given.

8. A system using the optimization method for photovoltaic panel site selection and inclination angle selection in mountainous terrain as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: It includes a model building module (100), a shadow calculation module (200) and a shadow evaluation module (300); The model building module (100) collects terrain data and tree data to build a three-dimensional terrain model and a three-dimensional tree model; The shadow calculation module (200) acquires astronomical data in the mountainous terrain area to which the photovoltaic panel belongs, performs solar trajectory simulation, and performs shadow calculation based on the constructed three-dimensional terrain model and three-dimensional tree model, as well as the simulated solar trajectory curve; The shadow evaluation module (300) evaluates the shadow distribution map obtained by shadow calculation, determines the photovoltaic panel site selection and tilt adjustment angle, and outputs the result through a visualization system.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements the steps of a method for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for optimizing the site selection and inclination angle selection of photovoltaic panels in mountainous terrain according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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