Leaf dressing method for promoting quality improvement and fruit cracking prevention of early cultivation sweet cherries

Abstract

The invention provides a foliage dressing method for promoting quality improvement and fruit cracking prevention of early cultivation of sweet cherries, and belongs to the technical field of sweet cherry planting management. Comprising the following steps: after autumn, ditching around sweet cherry trees and applying an organic fertilizer; a high-nitrogen macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied along with drip irrigation before and after germination; after flowers fall, in a young fruit period and in a fruit core hardening period, flushing calcium ammonium nitrate for 2-3 times; after flowers of the sweet cherries fall, foliar fertilizer is sprayed five times; applying potassium nitrate when the fruits turn from green to white; potassium sulfate is applied in the fruit changing from white to red; after the fruits are harvested, the balanced macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied by flushing for 1-2 times. According to the invention, a leaf fertilizer is set as an organic liquid chelated calcium fertilizer, a brand-new chelating technology and an acidification adsorption technology are combined, an organic chelating agent is taken as a carrier, and organic liquid chelated calcium prepared by an advanced process is adopted, so that fruits can rapidly absorb the organic liquid chelated calcium and can rapidly transfer the organic liquid chelated calcium in a plant body, and calcium contained in a part needing calcium is efficiently absorbed and utilized; the sugar can be effectively stored in fruit organs of plants.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of sweet cherry planting management and relates to a foliar fertilization method for promoting early cultivation, improving quality and preventing fruit cracking of sweet cherries entering the peak fruit-bearing period. Background Art

[0003] The area of ​​early cultivation of fruit trees in the north has increased year by year, and the technology of early cultivation has become more and more perfect, becoming a new highlight in the development of the fruit industry in the north. As a new form of the fruit industry, fruit trees are an important way to achieve high-quality development of the fruit industry. With its ecological, natural and efficient characteristics, fruit trees have become an important part of the construction of modern agricultural demonstration areas, circular agriculture, sightseeing agriculture and leisure agriculture. In production, they are conducive to resisting snow and frost damage, sudden drop or excessive temperature during the flowering and fruiting period, fruit cracking during the color change period due to rain, and bird damage. Through the barrier of facilities and the improvement of the internal space environment, the purpose of controlling and regulating various environmental factors suitable for the growth of sweet cherries, such as temperature, humidity, and light, is achieved, and safe, high-quality, and high-end fruits are produced, which greatly promotes the green and high-quality development of the forestry and fruit industry. However, after the sweet cherries in the early production of facilities crack and deteriorate during the color change period, the fruit loses its commodity value and cannot meet market demand, which brings huge economic losses to fruit farmers and seriously affects the high-quality development of the sweet cherry industry.

[0004] At present, the main means of preventing and controlling sweet cherry fruit cracking are to select fruit crack-resistant varieties and strengthen cultivation management. The fruit crack resistance of varieties is generally manifested in two aspects: one is determined by the genetic characteristics of the variety itself, and the other is to avoid adverse weather such as rainy days during the fruit color change period, so as to avoid fruit cracking before harvest. However, there are few fruit crack-resistant varieties available for production, and the selection of fruit crack-resistant varieties is only for newly built orchards. The problem of sweet cherry fruit cracking in old orchards can generally only be avoided by strengthening cultivation management technical measures. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention aims to provide a foliar fertilization method for promoting early cultivation of sweet cherries, improving quality and preventing fruit cracking, which can solve the problem of serious fruit cracking of sweet cherries and affecting the quality of sweet cherries in the prior art.

[0006] The invention provides a foliar fertilization method for promoting early cultivation of sweet cherries, improving quality and preventing fruit cracking, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: After autumn, dig trenches around the sweet cherry tree and apply organic fertilizer;

[0008] Step 2: Apply high-nitrogen, macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer with drip irrigation before and after germination;

[0009] Step 3: After the flowers fade, in the young fruit stage, and in the fruit hard core stage, apply calcium ammonium nitrate 2-3 times; after the sweet cherry flowers fade, spray foliar fertilizer 5 times;

[0010] Step 4: Apply potassium nitrate when the fruit turns from green to white;

[0011] Step 5: Apply potassium sulfate when the fruit turns from white to red;

[0012] Step 6. After harvesting the fruits, apply balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer 1-2 times.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 1, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 3000-4000kg / 667m 2 When the soil pH is higher than 8.0, apply superphosphate 30-50kg / 667m 2 .

[0014] Furthermore, after the sweet cherry flowers fade, the interval between two consecutive sprayings of foliar fertilizer should be 8-10 days.

[0015] Furthermore, the foliar fertilizer is configured as an organic liquid chelated calcium fertilizer.

[0016] Further, the components of the foliar fertilizer are as follows:

[0017]

[0018] Furthermore, in the step 2, the amount of high-nitrogen macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer applied by drip irrigation is 3-5 kg / mu.

[0019] Furthermore, the dosage of calcium ammonium nitrate for a single flushing is 5-8 kg / mu.

[0020] Furthermore, in step six, the amount of balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer applied in a single flushing is 3-5 kg / mu.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The present invention provides a foliar fertilization method for preventing and controlling sweet cherry fruit cracking in early-stage cultivation, and provides a method for applying fertilizer to sweet cherries from the budding stage to the harvesting stage; at the same time, by setting the foliar fertilizer as an organic liquid chelated calcium fertilizer, by adopting a combination of a new chelation technology and an acidification adsorption technology, using an organic chelating agent as a carrier through an advanced process of organic liquid chelated calcium, the fruit can absorb it quickly and transfer it quickly in the plant body, and the sugar is effectively transported to the fruit organs and calcium-requiring parts of the plant, so that the calcium contained therein can be efficiently absorbed and utilized; and the organic liquid chelated calcium is an efficient calcium supplement, which effectively solves the physiological diseases such as fruit cracking and leaf scorch caused by absorption disorders, so as to improve the appearance quality of the fruit and its storage and transportation resistance. It is particularly suitable for early-stage cultivation parks where fruit cracking occurs seriously, and the effect of preventing and controlling sweet cherry fruit cracking is more significant.

[0023] (2) In the present invention, by using "300 times liquid Haiyangsu + 300 times liquid Jugu Shenfeng", the incidence of sweet cherry fruit cracking can be significantly reduced, the quality of sweet cherries can be improved, and the interests of fruit farmers are guaranteed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention provides a foliar fertilization method for promoting early cultivation of sweet cherries, improving quality and preventing fruit cracking, comprising the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: After autumn, dig trenches around the sweet cherry trees and apply 3000-4000kg / 667m 2 For orchards with soil pH higher than 8.0, superphosphate 30-50kg / 667m 2 ;

[0026] Step 2: Before and after germination, high-nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer with a large number of elements can be applied with drip irrigation; the amount of high-nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer with a large number of elements applied with drip irrigation is 3-5kg / mu;

[0027] Step 3: After flowering, in the young fruit stage, and in the fruit hard core stage, calcium ammonium nitrate can be applied 2-3 times; wherein, the dosage of a single application of calcium ammonium nitrate is 5-8kg / mu, and the interval between the first application of calcium ammonium nitrate to the second application of calcium ammonium nitrate is about 14 days, and the interval between the second application of calcium ammonium nitrate to the third application of calcium ammonium nitrate is about 14 days;

[0028] Step 4: Potassium nitrate can be applied when the fruit turns from green to white; the amount of potassium nitrate applied is 3-5 kg / mu;

[0029] Step 5: Potassium sulfate can be applied when the fruit turns from white to red; the amount of potassium sulfate applied is 3-5 kg / mu;

[0030] Step 6. After the fruit is harvested, apply balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer 1-2 times; the dosage of a single application of balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer is 3-5kg / mu, and the interval is 14-30 days.

[0031] Preferably, the autumn in step one preferably refers to late August to early September, and specifically fertilizing the sweet cherry trees that have entered the peak fruit-bearing period.

[0032] Preferably, after the sweet cherry flowers have faded, foliar fertilizer is sprayed 5 times, with an interval of 10 days between each application and an interval of 8 days between the last application.

[0033] Preferably, the amount of water-soluble fertilizer of a large amount of elements applied each time is calculated based on the load amount, and it is advisable not to exceed 5‰ of the estimated load amount.

[0034] Preferably, the components of the foliar fertilizer are as shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1: Foliar fertilizer spraying program

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] in:

[0039] CK: No reagents were used, only water was sprayed, and the fruit cracked;

[0040] CK1: Use ordinary calcium fertilizer, fruit cracking;

[0041] These two groups were used as controls to understand whether reagents containing calcium and other trace elements would be more effective than using nothing or using ordinary calcium fertilizers. At the same time, some anti-cracking fruit products are biological agents, which make the fruits healthier.

[0042] The Jugu Shenfeng is a medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, and its indicators are: polyglutamic acid ≥ 20g / L, Ca ≥ 180g / L;

[0043] The fluid calcium is preferably selected from Baozhijia instant calcium, which is a medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, and its index is: Ca ≥ 180g / L;

[0044] The sea nutrition element is an aqueous solution, the main ingredients of which are natural elements. It is nutritionally balanced, non-toxic and harmless, green and environmentally friendly, and reduces the use of pesticides. It can enhance immunity, kill viruses and inhibit bacteria, and reduce diseases and insect pests; it can activate its own hormones, is easy to absorb, and grows fast; it can increase production and income, and is drought-resistant, flood-resistant, and cold-resistant; and it improves the taste.

[0045] Further preferably, the main components of the sea nutrition are as shown in Table 2.

[0046] Table 2: Composition of Seafood

[0047]

[0048] The fertilization method provided by the present invention was used to conduct an experiment. The polygushenfeng required for the experiment was purchased from Tianjin Huizhi Baichuan Bioengineering Co., Ltd., and the fluid calcium was produced by Jiangsu Jianpai Agrochemical Co., Ltd. [Polygushenfeng] is a medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, polyglutamic acid ≥ 20g / L, Ca ≥ 180g / L, Mg ≥ 2g / L, B> 2g / L, Zn ≥ 2g / L, Fe ≥ 1g / L. Containing PPOI, it has a high absorption and utilization rate and can promote the formation probability of crop carbohydrates; it can improve the quality of fruits, resist oxidation, store well, prevent cracking, and color neatly. [Fluid Calcium]: medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, Ca ≥ 180g / L. [Hainansu] The main ingredients are natural elements, balanced nutrition, non-toxic and harmless, green and environmentally friendly, and reduce the use of pesticides; enhance immunity, kill viruses and inhibit bacteria, reduce pests and diseases; activate self-hormones, easy to absorb, and grow fast; increase production and income, resist drought, flood, and cold; and improve taste.

[0049] The present invention provides a foliar fertilization method for preventing and controlling sweet cherry fruit cracking. The present invention sets the foliar fertilizer as an organic liquid chelated calcium fertilizer, adopts a combination of a new chelation technology and an acidification adsorption technology, uses an organic chelating agent as a carrier, and uses an advanced process of organic liquid chelated calcium, so that the fruit can quickly absorb and quickly transfer in the plant body, the calcium contained in the calcium-requiring part can be efficiently absorbed and utilized, and the sugar can be effectively stored in the fruit organs of the plant.

[0050] Organic liquid chelated calcium is an efficient calcium supplement, solving physiological diseases such as fruit cracking and leaf scorch caused by absorption disorders, and improving the appearance quality and storage and transportation resistance of the fruit.

[0051] Experimental example:

[0052] In 2022, the experiment was conducted at the Modern Agriculture Innovation Base of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Wuqing District. The specific test results are as follows:

[0053] Trial time: 2022

[0054] Experimental location: Modern Agriculture Innovation Base, Wuqing District, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences;

[0055] The tested fertilizers came from Tianjin Huizhi Baichuan Bioengineering Co., Ltd.

[0056] Experimental area: 5 mu;

[0057] Soil in the experimental area: clay loam;

[0058] Breed: Brooks.

[0059] Experimental treatment: A 5-mu sweet cherry orchard was treated with the method of the present invention, and conventional management fertilizer was used as a blank control. After harvest, the sweet cherry cracking rate and overall quality were statistically analyzed.

[0060] Table 3: Soil profile

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] Table 4: Fruit traits and physiological indicators

[0064]

[0065] The fruit cracking rate was significantly different among the different treatment groups. Some treatment groups had a higher fruit cracking rate (such as T2), while other treatment groups had a lower fruit cracking rate (such as CK1, T3, and T6). There were certain differences in these physiological parameters among the different treatment groups, especially the standard deviations of superoxide dismutase and catalase were large, indicating that the antioxidant capacity varied significantly among the different treatment groups. Different treatments had a significant effect on the fruit cracking rate and soluble solids content. The fruit cracking rate had a different relationship with each physiological parameter. The fruit cracking rate was positively correlated with cellulase activity, peroxidase, polygalacturonase, and malondialdehyde. The higher the activity of these enzymes, the higher the fruit cracking rate. The fruit cracking rate was negatively correlated with soluble solids, catalase, and fruit stalk length.

[0066] The average of the sum of all indicators was used as the total score for comprehensive evaluation, and different treatments were ranked. T6 had the best comprehensive evaluation, followed by T3, and CK1 ranked third.

[0067] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A foliar fertilization method for promoting early cultivation of sweet cherries, improving quality and preventing fruit cracking, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: After autumn, dig trenches around the sweet cherry tree and apply organic fertilizer; Step 2: Apply high-nitrogen, macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer with drip irrigation before and after germination; Step 3: After the flowers fade, during the young fruit stage, and during the fruit hardening stage, apply calcium ammonium nitrate 2-3 times; after the sweet cherry flowers fade, spray foliar fertilizer 5 times; Step 4: Apply potassium nitrate when the fruit turns from green to white; Step 5: Apply potassium sulfate when the fruit turns from white to red; Step 6: After harvesting the fruits, apply balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer 1-2 times.

2. The foliar fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the amount of organic fertilizer applied is 3000-4000kg / 667m 2 When the soil pH is higher than 8.0, apply superphosphate 30-50kg / 667m 2 .

3. The foliar fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the sweet cherry flowers fade, the interval between two consecutive sprayings of foliar fertilizer should be 8-10 days.

4. The foliar fertilization method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The foliar fertilizer is configured as an organic liquid chelated calcium fertilizer.

5. The foliar fertilization method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The components of described foliage fertilizer are as follows:

6. The foliar fertilization method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: In the step 2, the amount of high-nitrogen macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer applied by drip irrigation is 3-5 kg / mu.

7. The foliar fertilization method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The dosage of calcium ammonium nitrate for a single flushing is 5-8kg / mu.

8. The foliar fertilization method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step six, the amount of balanced macro-element water-soluble fertilizer applied in a single flush is 3-5 kg / mu.

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