Vegetable full-coverage ecological efficient cultivation technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and discloses a vegetable full-coverage ecological efficient cultivation technology which comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting and designing a functional composite mulching film which has the functions of temperature and humidity regulation, pest control, accurate nutrient release and soil protection, and the design of the mulching film comprises a multi-layer structure, each layer has different functions; and step 2, performing plastic film mulching: laying the functional composite plastic film on a vegetable planting area to cover the whole soil surface so as to form a full-coverage cultivation environment. Through optimization of a cultivation environment and accurate nutrient management, the growth efficiency and yield of crops are remarkably improved, a full-coverage cultivation technology and an intelligent fertilization system are combined, so that the crops can obtain appropriate moisture, illumination, nutrients and other elements in different growth stages, and thus healthy growth and disease resistance of the crops are enhanced; the overall quality and the market competitiveness of the vegetables are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, in particular to a vegetable full-coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous growth of the global population and the increasing shortage of resources, agricultural production is facing greater and greater challenges. Traditional agriculture relies on natural conditions and manual management, and it is difficult to ensure stable production and quality. In addition, it has poor sustainability and a heavy environmental burden. In order to meet these challenges and promote the development of modern agriculture in the direction of high efficiency, environmental protection, and intelligence, the innovation of agricultural production technology is particularly important. Especially in vegetable cultivation, how to improve yield and quality while reducing resource waste and environmental pollution has become a key issue in agricultural production.

[0003] At present, many modern agricultural technologies have been widely used in vegetable cultivation, such as drip irrigation technology, precision fertilization, intelligent temperature control systems, and various vegetation covering methods. However, although these technologies have improved the environment and production efficiency of vegetable cultivation to a certain extent, they still have many limitations. For example, traditional covering cultivation technology usually relies on a single type of mulch or manual management, fails to achieve intelligent and comprehensive regulation, and is difficult to fully tap the potential of various resources. Although intelligent cultivation management systems have certain applications, there is still much room for improvement in intelligent feedback and optimization management of environmental monitoring, data analysis, resource allocation, etc. throughout the crop growth process.

[0004] A major problem with the existing technology is the lack of a system and method that can comprehensively improve the efficiency of full-cover cultivation of vegetables, improve the quality of crop growth, and achieve intelligent regulation while protecting the ecological environment. The most common cover cultivation methods on the market currently focus on single crop protection or resource utilization, and have failed to form a systematic and intelligent cultivation management model. In particular, the technical level needs to be improved in terms of refined monitoring and data analysis of crop growth. Therefore, how to solve the problem of intelligent management and efficient resource utilization in the process of crop cultivation is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a fully covered ecological and efficient vegetable cultivation technology, which solves the problem of the lack of an intelligent and comprehensive management system in the prior art vegetable cultivation technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical scheme: Vegetable full coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology, including the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Select and design a functional composite mulch film, wherein the composite mulch film has the functions of temperature and humidity control, pest and disease control, precise nutrient release and soil protection, and the design of the mulch film includes a multi-layer structure;

[0008] Step 2: Covering the soil with a mulch film, laying the functional composite mulch film on the vegetable planting area to cover the entire soil surface;

[0009] Step 3: Regulate soil temperature and humidity. Use the temperature and humidity regulation function of the ground film to adjust the humidity and temperature of the soil environment in real time.

[0010] Step 4: Apply fertilizer accurately, using fertilizer with controlled release properties in combination with the nutrient release layer in the mulch film to control the fertilizer release rate as needed;

[0011] Step 5: Inhibit pests and diseases by coating the surface of the mulch with natural plant extracts and antibacterial metal ion coatings;

[0012] Step 6: Implement the use of biodegradable materials and use biodegradable materials as the main component of the mulch film.

[0013] Preferably, the functional composite mulch film comprises at least four functional levels, namely:

[0014] Temperature and humidity control layer: This layer is designed with microporous nanomaterials, which can adjust the temperature and humidity inside the membrane according to external climate changes, and keep the temperature and humidity in the crop root area stable;

[0015] Nutrient release layer: by coating slow-release fertilizer particles, the release of fertilizer is controlled under different temperature and humidity conditions;

[0016] Pest and disease control layer: coated with natural plant extracts and metal ion antibacterial coating to form a biophysical barrier;

[0017] Soil cover: Use a soil cover made of biodegradable materials and organic matter.

[0018] Preferably, the nano-coating used in the temperature and humidity regulating layer includes nano-silicon dioxide, nano-carbon tubes or a composite material with thermal conductivity and micro-permeability, which can regulate the soil environment under conditions of large temperature differences.

[0019] Preferably, the pest control layer is coated with natural plant ingredients, such as garlic extract, peppermint essential oil, tea tree oil, etc., and a thin coating layer is formed on the surface of the ground film by spraying technology.

[0020] Preferably, the nutrient release layer is composed of polymer-wrapped composite fertilizer particles, and the controlled release performance of the fertilizer particles matches the moisture regulation function of the ground film, ensuring that the nutritional needs of crops are coordinated with the dynamic changes in soil conditions.

[0021] Preferably, the thickness of the ground film is 20-80 microns, and the thickness and functional characteristics of each layer are optimized and adjusted according to the soil type, crop type and climatic conditions.

[0022] Preferably, the microporous structure on the surface of the ground film has a pore size between 50-200 microns, which can adjust the air permeability and water permeability of the ground film according to soil moisture and air circulation conditions.

[0023] Preferably, the biodegradable material is polylactic acid, polyester or other materials that meet environmental protection requirements, and the material can be completely degraded after the use cycle ends.

[0024] Preferably, the cultivation method comprises the following steps:

[0025] Soil health monitoring: Use sensors to monitor soil pH, temperature, humidity, nutrient content, etc. in real time, and adjust soil conditions based on data feedback;

[0026] Intelligent fertilization system: Based on soil nutrient monitoring data, the intelligent fertilization system is used to automatically adjust the amount and timing of fertilizer application.

[0027] Preferably, the pest control measures include:

[0028] Automatic spraying system: Based on climate conditions and crop growth cycle, natural plant extracts or antibacterial metal ion coatings are sprayed on the surface of the mulch through an automated control system;

[0029] Pest and disease monitoring and early warning system: Using Internet of Things technology and big data analysis, based on real-time monitoring data and historical pest and disease occurrences, early warnings are issued and targeted prevention and control measures are taken.

[0030] The present invention provides a fully covered ecological and efficient vegetable cultivation technology, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The present invention significantly improves the growth efficiency and yield of crops by optimizing the cultivation environment and precise nutrient management. The combination of full-coverage cultivation technology and intelligent fertilization system enables crops to obtain appropriate water, light, nutrients and other elements at different growth stages, thereby enhancing the healthy growth and disease resistance of crops, and improving the overall quality and market competitiveness of vegetables. Intelligent fertilization and precision irrigation ensure the efficient use of nutrients and water, reduce the growth resistance of crops, and increase the yield of crops and the weight of single fruits.

[0032] 2. The present invention adopts full coverage mulch technology, intelligent fertilization and precision irrigation system, which greatly improves the utilization efficiency of resources such as water, fertilizer and pesticide. Through intelligent management and monitoring, the amount of water and fertilizer can be accurately controlled to avoid excessive use, reduce resource waste and environmental pollution. At the same time, mulch film can effectively reduce water evaporation and reduce irrigation frequency, thereby saving water resources, helping to achieve sustainable utilization of water and soil resources, and conforming to the development direction of green agriculture.

[0033] 3. The present invention improves the microenvironment of crops through the protective effect of mulch film, mitigates the adverse effects of drastic temperature fluctuations on crop growth, and enhances the stress resistance of crops. Especially under extreme weather conditions (such as drought, high temperature, low temperature, etc.), full coverage mulch film can effectively maintain stable soil temperature and humidity, reduce soil moisture evaporation, alleviate the adverse effects of climate change on crops, improve the adaptability of crops to various adverse environmental factors, and ensure stable growth and harvest.

[0034] 4. Through precise fertilization and intelligent irrigation system, the present invention can accurately control the amount of fertilizer and water used, avoiding the waste of resources caused by excessive fertilization or insufficient irrigation in traditional cultivation methods. The intelligent management system can reduce the need for manual operation, reduce management costs and labor intensity. In addition, the covering effect of the mulch film reduces the chance of weed growth, reduces the cost of weed control, and improves the overall economic benefits of agricultural production.

[0035] 5. The vegetable full-coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology of the present invention not only improves the efficiency of agricultural production, but also realizes the sustainable development of agriculture. By reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, it reduces the pollution of soil and water sources, and helps maintain ecological balance and biodiversity. At the same time, the system promotes the healthy growth of crops, reduces the incidence of pests and diseases, reduces dependence on chemical pesticides, and promotes the long-term development of ecological agriculture by accurately adjusting the cultivation environment and nutrient supply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a vegetable full-coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology, including:

[0039] The functional composite mulch film in the present invention is one of the core technologies of the fully covered ecological and efficient cultivation method for vegetables. It aims to accurately control the cultivation environment through a multi-layer composite mulch film, and realize the comprehensive management of soil temperature and humidity, nutrients, pests and diseases, and other factors. The mulch film can not only optimize the soil environment and promote the healthy growth of crops, but also improve the efficiency of resource utilization and reduce environmental pollution in agricultural production. In this embodiment, the design of the mulch film takes into account multiple functions such as temperature and humidity control, nutrient release, pest and disease prevention and control, and soil protection. Through composite material technology, these functions are combined into each layer of the mulch film to form a multi-level protection system to improve the ecological efficiency of vegetable cultivation.

[0040] 1.1 Multilayer structure of functional composite mulch

[0041] In this embodiment, the functional composite mulch film adopts a four-layer structure design, each layer has different functions to meet different environmental requirements during the cultivation process. Specifically, the four functional layers of the composite mulch film are: temperature and humidity control layer, nutrient release layer, pest control layer and soil protection layer.

[0042] Temperature and humidity control layer: The main function of this layer is to regulate the temperature and humidity of the soil surface and root zone to ensure the temperature and humidity conditions required for crop growth. By using nanomaterials with microporous structures (such as nano-silicon dioxide or nano-carbon tubes), this layer can dynamically adjust the environment inside the membrane according to changes in external temperature and humidity to maintain the stability of soil moisture and temperature. The design of this layer can significantly reduce soil moisture evaporation and heat loss, especially in arid and cold environments, and can provide a more suitable growth environment for crops.

[0043] Nutrient release layer: This layer uses controlled-release fertilizer particle packaging technology to embed slow-release fertilizers in the ground film, which can control the release rate of fertilizers according to external humidity and temperature conditions. The fertilizer particles contained in the ground film are coated with polymer materials, which can continuously and stably release the nutrients needed by crops under different environmental conditions. This design allows crops to absorb nutrients in a balanced manner according to the needs of their growth cycle, avoiding excessive use and loss of fertilizers.

[0044] Pest and disease control layer: This layer prevents the growth of pests and diseases by coating the surface of the mulch with a composite coating of natural plant extracts (such as garlic extract, peppermint essential oil, ginger root extract) and antibacterial metal ions (such as silver ions and copper ions). Plant extracts have natural biological activity and can inhibit the spread of pests and diseases through odor and volatile components. At the same time, metal ions have significant antibacterial effects and can effectively reduce the survival of pathogens and insect eggs in the soil. This technical solution can reduce dependence on chemical pesticides, reduce environmental pollution, and meet the needs of sustainable development of modern agriculture.

[0045] Soil protection layer: The soil protection layer is composed of biodegradable materials and organic substances (such as humic acid and seaweed extracts). Its main function is to promote the stability of soil structure, reduce water evaporation, erosion and soil acidification. At the same time, this layer helps to improve the activity of soil microorganisms and the growth of root systems. Humic acid and seaweed extracts not only provide organic nutrients for the soil, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, enhance the permeability and water retention of the soil, and thus provide a better growth environment for crops.

[0046] 1.2 Application methods of functional composite mulch

[0047] In this embodiment, the application method of the functional composite mulch film is as follows:

[0048] Ground film laying: First, lay the functional composite ground film on the soil surface of the vegetable planting area to ensure that the functions of each layer of the film effectively cover the entire cultivation area. When laying the ground film, ensure that the film is in good contact with the soil to avoid gaps. According to factors such as the cultivated vegetable variety, soil type, and climatic conditions, the thickness of the ground film and the design of each layer can be appropriately adjusted to ensure the best cultivation effect.

[0049] Adjust the parameters of the functional layer: According to different climatic conditions and soil types, the specific functional parameters of the temperature and humidity control layer, nutrient release layer, etc. (such as film thickness, type and content of nanomaterials, nutrient release rate, etc.) can be dynamically adjusted to ensure that the temperature and humidity are appropriate, the nutrients are balanced, and pests and diseases are suppressed during the growth of crops.

[0050] Biodegradable and environmentally friendly: The local film uses biodegradable materials as the main component, which can be naturally degraded after use, avoiding the long-term accumulation of plastic pollution in the environment. Through the use of biodegradable materials, the ground film not only has good ecological and environmental protection performance, but also reduces resource waste, which is in line with the sustainable development concept of green agriculture.

[0051] 1.3 Functional optimization and application examples of composite mulch

[0052] In this embodiment, by optimizing the design of the functional composite mulch film, the cultivation efficiency can be significantly improved and environmental pollution can be effectively reduced. In practical applications, the functional composite mulch film is widely used in the cultivation process of crops such as vegetables and fruit trees, especially in areas with water shortage and high incidence of pests and diseases, and has high application value.

[0053] For example, in some arid areas, the use of mulch with temperature and humidity control functions can effectively reduce water evaporation and soil cracking; in humid climate conditions, by adjusting the temperature and humidity functional layer in the mulch, the soil can be prevented from being too wet and root rot can be avoided. For organic cultivation projects, natural plant extracts in the pest control layer can reduce the use of chemical pesticides and improve the pollution-free nature of crops.

[0054] Through intelligent control and regulation, the functional composite mulch film of the present invention can achieve accurate management of water, fertilizer, air and other resources during the cultivation process, improve the yield and quality of crops, and reduce resource waste in agricultural production.

[0055] 2. Soil health monitoring and regulation

[0056] In order to ensure the optimal state of the vegetable cultivation environment, the present invention proposes a technical solution for soil health monitoring and regulation, which aims to dynamically adjust the cultivation environment by real-time monitoring of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, thereby improving the growth quality and yield of crops. By introducing soil sensor technology and intelligent control systems, the present invention can effectively identify and solve potential problems in the soil, such as pH imbalance, insufficient nutrients, unsuitable soil moisture, etc., thereby providing ideal growth conditions for vegetables and ensuring that crops can grow in an efficient and sustainable environment. In this embodiment, through the combined application of the soil monitoring and regulation system, precise regulation and efficient management of the soil environment are achieved, fully improving the overall benefits of the cultivation system.

[0057] 2.1 Soil Monitoring System

[0058] In this embodiment, the design and application of the soil monitoring system mainly includes the deployment of soil sensors to obtain multiple key parameters of the soil in real time. These sensors can not only monitor the temperature and humidity of the soil, but also detect the pH value, nutrient concentration (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.), soil moisture content, etc. of the soil in real time. The key goal of the monitoring system is to provide the necessary data support for intelligent regulation to ensure that crops can obtain a precise cultivation environment.

[0059] In this embodiment, the working principle of the soil monitoring system is as follows:

[0060] Sensor placement: Sensors are placed at different depths and areas in the planting area to obtain soil data at different levels. The sensors transmit the collected data to the central control system in real time through wireless transmission technology. The placement of sensors can be flexibly adjusted according to the different types of cultivated vegetables and the soil characteristics of the planting area.

[0061] Multi-parameter monitoring: The system integrates multiple sensors to simultaneously monitor multiple key parameters of the soil, including but not limited to soil temperature and humidity, pH value, content of major nutrients in the soil (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.), soil moisture, soil conductivity, etc. Real-time acquisition of this information can provide data support for further adjustment measures.

[0062] Data collection and transmission: Soil sensors transmit monitoring data to the central processing unit through wireless communication technology. All data is summarized and updated in real time for cultivation managers to make decisions. The data transmission frequency can be set according to the soil change cycle to maintain efficient and accurate monitoring.

[0063] Intelligent early warning system: When soil parameters deviate from the normal range, the system will issue an early warning signal and automatically generate adjustment suggestions. For example, when the soil pH value is too low (too acidic), the system will prompt to apply lime or other neutralizing substances; when a certain element in the soil is insufficient, the system will recommend the application of specific fertilizers.

[0064] 2.2 Soil conditioning methods

[0065] In this embodiment, the soil health regulation method realizes dynamic regulation of the soil environment through intelligent control systems and automated regulation equipment combined with data collected by a soil monitoring system.

[0066] pH adjustment: The pH value of the soil is crucial to crop growth. Too acidic or too alkaline soil may limit the nutrient absorption of crops. In this embodiment, when the soil pH value deviates from the normal range, the intelligent system will automatically initiate adjustment measures based on the soil pH monitoring data. The specific methods include:

[0067] When the soil pH is too low, the system can automatically start the lime applicator to apply lime or other acid-neutralizing substances to the soil, thereby raising the soil pH and restoring its appropriate pH.

[0068] When the soil pH is too high, regulators such as sulfur and ammonium nitrate can be used to help lower the soil pH and improve the soil's acid-base balance.

[0069] Soil humidity regulation: Soil humidity is very important for crop growth. Too dry or too wet soil is not conducive to the growth of crop roots. In this embodiment, soil humidity regulation is achieved by the following methods:

[0070] Smart irrigation system: Based on the monitoring data of soil moisture sensors, the smart irrigation system automatically adjusts the irrigation amount and frequency according to the water demand of crops and the actual soil moisture. The system controls the water flow through smart valves to avoid over-irrigation and waste of water resources.

[0071] Drip irrigation system: For drier areas, a drip irrigation system can be used to achieve precise water supply, directly delivering water to the roots of crops to reduce water evaporation.

[0072] Nutrient regulation: The nutrient content in the soil directly affects the growth and yield of crops. Lack of certain key nutrients may lead to poor crop growth. In this embodiment, soil nutrients are regulated in the following ways:

[0073] Intelligent fertilization system: The soil monitoring system obtains the concentration data of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the soil. The intelligent fertilization system automatically adjusts the amount of fertilizer according to the needs of crop growth, soil nutrient content and growth stage. The system can accurately fertilize according to the actual needs of crops, thereby avoiding waste in traditional fertilization methods.

[0074] Trace element supplementation: For the lack of trace elements in the soil (such as iron, manganese, copper, etc.), the system can automatically start the trace element supplementation equipment and add fertilizers or improvers as needed to meet the growth needs of crops.

[0075] Soil structure adjustment: During long-term use of soil, problems such as soil compaction and destruction of aggregate structure may occur. This embodiment adjusts the soil structure by the following means:

[0076] Application of organic fertilizers and soil conditioners: By applying organic fertilizers (such as compost, green manure, etc.) and soil conditioners (such as humic acid, seaweed extract, etc.), the permeability of the soil can be improved, the organic matter content in the soil can be increased, the activity of soil microorganisms can be promoted, and the water holding capacity and nutrient supply capacity of the soil can be enhanced.

[0077] Mechanical loosening: Regularly loosen the soil using soil loosening equipment to improve soil structure, prevent soil compaction, and ensure better root growth.

[0078] 2.3 Dynamic Adjustment and Intelligent Feedback

[0079] The soil monitoring system and adjustment method in this embodiment can dynamically adjust the cultivation measures according to the needs of different environments and growth stages through an intelligent feedback mechanism. Through the self-learning function of the system, the adjustment strategy can be optimized based on historical data and real-time monitoring data to improve the accuracy and efficiency of soil adjustment.

[0080] Feedback mechanism: When the soil environment changes, the sensor feeds back data to the central processing system in real time. The system determines whether to initiate adjustment operations based on the data analysis results. If the operation is considered necessary, the system will automatically initiate adjustment measures, such as adjusting water, fertilization, soil improvement, etc.

[0081] Relationship between crop growth and soil health: In this embodiment, the cultivation system can maintain the long-term health of the soil while ensuring the healthy growth of crops through continuous monitoring and adjustment. By adjusting key factors such as soil pH, nutrients, and humidity, it can not only improve the growth efficiency of crops, but also reduce soil degradation in long-term cultivation and protect land resources.

[0082] 3. Precision intelligent irrigation and water resources management

[0083] In order to achieve full coverage of ecological and efficient cultivation of vegetables, the present invention proposes a precise intelligent irrigation and water resource management technical solution, which aims to accurately control the irrigation system through intelligent means, optimize the use of water resources, reduce water waste, and ensure that crops obtain the best water supply. With the global water resources shortage, precision irrigation not only helps to increase crop yields, but also effectively reduces water resource consumption in agricultural production and promotes the sustainable development of agriculture. The intelligent irrigation system in this embodiment combines soil moisture monitoring technology and weather forecast system, and realizes the precise allocation of water resources through data analysis and feedback mechanism.

[0084] 3.1 Intelligent irrigation system design

[0085] The intelligent irrigation system in this embodiment is designed with soil moisture sensors as the core. It monitors soil moisture data in real time, combines meteorological data and crop growth stages, and dynamically adjusts irrigation volume and frequency to achieve precise irrigation. The design idea of ​​this system is to avoid over-irrigation or under-irrigation by accurately controlling the supply of water, thereby ensuring that the water demand of crops is optimally met.

[0086] Soil moisture monitoring: Humidity sensors are installed in different soil layers in the cultivation area to monitor the moisture status of the soil in real time. Sensors are placed on the surface and deep layers of the soil to ensure that moisture data at different levels of the soil can be fully obtained. Through wireless network technology, soil moisture sensors transmit real-time data to the control center.

[0087] Meteorological data integration: The smart irrigation system integrates weather forecast data provided by local weather stations. The system predicts possible precipitation based on weather changes, avoids automatic irrigation on rainy days, and reduces unnecessary waste of water resources. Weather forecast data can include information such as precipitation, temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc. This information will be combined with soil moisture data to provide a basis for irrigation decisions.

[0088] Adjustment of crop growth stage: Crops at different growth stages have different water requirements. In the system, the crop growth data is linked to the irrigation system, and the irrigation amount is automatically adjusted according to the crop's water requirements. For example, in the early stage of planting when the root system is still shallow, the water demand is less; while in the flowering and fruiting period, the crop's demand for water will increase, and the system adjusts the irrigation strategy according to the crop's growth stage.

[0089] 3.2 Precision irrigation strategy and control

[0090] The precision irrigation system in this embodiment achieves efficient management and intelligent regulation of water resources through the following methods:

[0091] Intelligent irrigation algorithm: The system uses an intelligent irrigation algorithm based on soil moisture, weather forecast and crop water requirements to calculate the optimal irrigation amount based on real-time data. The regulation strategy for irrigation amount and frequency is automatically generated by the system and implemented through automated irrigation equipment. The intelligent algorithm not only considers the current moisture of the soil, but also predicts the water demand in the next few days, ensuring that crops always receive the best water supply under different environmental conditions.

[0092] Dynamically adjust water volume: After receiving data from the soil moisture sensor, the system controls the water flow and irrigation duration by adjusting the valve switch. If the soil moisture is too low, the system will automatically increase the irrigation volume. Conversely, if the soil moisture is too high, the system will reduce or stop irrigation to avoid water waste caused by overwatering.

[0093] Intelligent irrigation scheduling: The system implements regional and stratified irrigation by analyzing different regions, crop varieties and soil types. In large-scale planting areas, the system will carry out differentiated irrigation according to the specific needs of each area. For example, dry soil areas will automatically increase water, while moist soil areas will reduce irrigation.

[0094] Application of water-saving technology: In order to maximize water conservation, the system combines drip irrigation and micro-spray irrigation technology. The drip irrigation system delivers water directly to the roots of plants through pipes, avoiding evaporation loss of water on the surface; the micro-spray system can evenly spray water on the roots of crops and surrounding areas to ensure effective water penetration.

[0095] 3.3 Automatic adjustment and feedback mechanism

[0096] The intelligent irrigation system in this embodiment can not only realize automatic irrigation based on soil and meteorological data, but also continuously optimize irrigation strategies through real-time feedback mechanisms, thereby further improving the accuracy and efficiency of water resource management.

[0097] Data feedback and system adjustment: The system continuously feeds back data such as soil moisture, crop growth stage, and meteorological changes through sensors to adjust irrigation strategies in real time. For example, if the system detects that the soil moisture is too high, or if the weather forecast predicts heavy precipitation, the system will automatically postpone or reduce irrigation to avoid unnecessary excess water.

[0098] Water-saving mode: In areas where water resources are scarce, the system can automatically switch to water-saving mode based on demand. In this mode, the system will prioritize water for high-demand crops and limit irrigation in low-demand areas, ensuring that the entire system uses water resources more efficiently.

[0099] Intelligent decision-making and remote control: The intelligent irrigation system can be remotely controlled. Managers can monitor soil moisture, weather data, irrigation progress and other information in real time through smartphones or computers, and remotely adjust the irrigation system as needed. For example, if an area has too much water due to sudden weather, managers can adjust the irrigation time and water volume immediately to avoid waste.

[0100] 3.4 Sustainability of smart water management

[0101] The intelligent irrigation system of this embodiment not only has the ability of precise regulation, but also has good sustainability. By accurately controlling the amount of irrigation water, the system effectively reduces the waste of water resources in agricultural irrigation and provides a sustainable solution for agricultural production in areas with water shortages.

[0102] Reduce water consumption: Traditional irrigation methods often result in excessive or uneven irrigation, resulting in water waste. However, the intelligent irrigation system can dynamically adjust the amount of water according to the actual needs of the soil through real-time monitoring and regulation, reducing unnecessary water waste and thus saving a lot of water resources.

[0103] Water resource recovery and recycling: This embodiment also combines water resource recovery technology. Some of the used irrigation water can be recovered through the sedimentation tank and filtration system and used again for irrigation, further improving the utilization efficiency of water resources. The recycled water system is particularly suitable for water-scarce areas and can greatly improve the utilization rate of water resources.

[0104] System adaptability: The intelligent irrigation system is not only suitable for large-scale agricultural planting, but can also be flexibly adjusted according to the characteristics of different regions and crops to provide personalized water resource management solutions.

[0105] 4. Customized intelligent fertilization system

[0106] In response to the need for precise nutrient management in the fully covered ecological and efficient cultivation method for vegetables, the present invention proposes a customized intelligent fertilization system, which aims to accurately adjust the nutrients in the soil in a data-driven manner to ensure that crops get the nutrients they need at different growth stages. This system combines soil monitoring, crop growth data and weather forecast information, and can dynamically adjust the amount and type of fertilizer according to real-time data, thereby achieving accurate nutrient supply and avoiding over-fertilization and nutrient waste in traditional fertilization methods. Through this technical solution, the growth quality and yield of crops can be effectively improved, while reducing negative impacts on the environment, such as fertilizer pollution and soil degradation.

[0107] 4.1 Intelligent fertilization system design

[0108] The intelligent fertilization system in this embodiment automatically adjusts the amount and type of fertilizer by real-time monitoring of the main nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.) and trace elements in the soil, combined with the nutritional needs and growth stages of the crops. The design goal of the system is to achieve accurate nutrient supply and ensure that crops receive just the right nutrient supply at each growth stage.

[0109] Soil nutrient monitoring: The system deploys multiple sensors in the soil to monitor the main nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), trace elements (such as iron, manganese, boron, etc.) in the soil, as well as soil pH, humidity and other parameters in real time. The sensors transmit real-time data to the central processing unit to provide data support for fertilization decisions. The monitored nutrient information can help determine whether the soil lacks certain key elements, thereby determining whether the corresponding fertilizer needs to be supplemented.

[0110] Crop growth stage and demand analysis: Crop growth stages have significant differences in nutrient requirements. The system dynamically adjusts fertilization strategies based on crop growth information (such as seedling stage, flowering stage, fruiting stage, etc.). By analyzing crop demand patterns and soil nutrient conditions, the system can accurately calculate the nutrient type and amount of fertilizer required at each stage.

[0111] Meteorological data fusion: Combined with weather forecast information, the system can predict future climate changes (such as precipitation, temperature changes, etc.) and avoid fertilizing in unnecessary precipitation weather, thereby reducing fertilizer loss and waste. For example, if precipitation is expected, the system can adjust the amount of fertilizer to reduce fertilizer loss caused by irrigation and precipitation.

[0112] 4.2 Precision fertilization strategy and control

[0113] The precision fertilization strategy in this embodiment uses the following methods to achieve intelligent fertilization based on soil nutrient monitoring, crop growth requirements and meteorological conditions:

[0114] Quantitative fertilization: The system uses intelligent algorithms to calculate the precise amount of fertilizer for each fertilization cycle based on real-time soil nutrient data and crop growth requirements. The adjustment of the amount of fertilizer takes into account the residual nutrients in the soil and the absorption capacity of the crop, avoiding over-fertilization in traditional fertilization methods. In this way, the system can ensure that each amount of fertilizer can meet the needs of the crop while maximizing the use of existing soil nutrients.

[0115] Customized fertilizer formula: According to the needs of different crops, the system can provide customized fertilization formulas for different crops. For different growth stages, the system can dynamically adjust the type and ratio of fertilizers. For example, in the seedling stage of crops, the system will increase the use of nitrogen fertilizer to promote leaf growth; in the flowering and fruiting stage, it will increase the ratio of phosphorus and potassium to improve the development and yield of flowers and fruits.

[0116] Micro-irrigation fertilization system: This embodiment combines a drip irrigation fertilization system to accurately deliver fertilizer solution to the plant root area through micro-fertilization, reducing fertilizer waste and improving fertilizer absorption efficiency. The intelligent control of the drip irrigation system can accurately control the amount of liquid and fertilization time of each fertilization based on real-time data, avoiding over-fertilization or missing the best fertilization time in traditional fertilization methods.

[0117] Local fertilization and layered fertilization: The system uses local fertilization technology based on the stratification characteristics of the soil and the growth of the crop root system to accurately place fertilizer near the crop root system, reducing the diffusion and waste of fertilizer in the soil. In addition, the system can perform layered fertilization according to the nutrient requirements of different soil layers, and improve the utilization rate of nutrients through precise fertilization strategies.

[0118] 4.3 Automated fertilization and feedback regulation

[0119] The intelligent fertilization system in this embodiment can not only automatically fertilize according to the needs of the soil and crops, but also can provide real-time feedback to adjust the fertilization strategy to ensure accuracy and efficiency during the fertilization process.

[0120] Real-time feedback and adjustment: The fertilization system will provide real-time feedback on the fertilization effect based on the soil and crop growth conditions. When the system detects that certain nutrients in the soil have reached saturation or the crop is growing well, the system will automatically reduce the amount of fertilizer to avoid over-fertilization. When the system detects insufficient nutrients or poor crop growth, it will automatically increase the amount of fertilizer to ensure adequate nutrient replenishment.

[0121] Remote control and adjustment: Managers can monitor the fertilization process in real time through smart devices (such as mobile phones and computers), view information such as soil nutrients, fertilizer application amount, crop growth status, and make remote adjustments as needed. For example, during the fertilization process, managers can adjust the fertilization plan through the system, change the fertilizer application amount or formula to better meet the growth needs of crops.

[0122] Precise fertilization records and reports: The system automatically records detailed information about each fertilization, including the type, amount, and time of fertilization, and generates a fertilization report. Managers can view historical data and adjust subsequent fertilization strategies based on the conditions of different crops and soils. Through the reports generated by the system, managers can more clearly understand the nutrients required for each stage of crop growth and adjust fertilization strategies.

[0123] 4.4 Environmental friendliness and sustainability

[0124] The customized intelligent fertilization system in this embodiment not only improves the accuracy of fertilization, but also has good environmental friendliness and sustainability, can reduce the negative impact of chemical fertilizers on the environment, and promote the sustainable development of ecological agriculture.

[0125] Reduce fertilizer loss: Traditional fertilization methods often lead to fertilizer loss, leakage and excessive accumulation. The intelligent fertilization system maximizes fertilizer utilization efficiency by accurately controlling the amount and timing of fertilizer application, avoiding fertilizer loss into groundwater or the surrounding environment, thereby reducing fertilizer pollution to the environment.

[0126] Reduce greenhouse gas emissions: Excessive fertilization not only causes soil pollution, but may also lead to the emission of greenhouse gases (such as nitrogen oxides, methane, etc.), which in turn exacerbates climate change. The intelligent fertilization system reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and the negative impact on the environment by precisely controlling the amount and timing of fertilization, helping to achieve lower-carbon agricultural production.

[0127] Improve soil health: Since the system can quantitatively apply fertilizers and trace elements according to the soil's nutrient needs, it helps maintain the health and fertility of the soil and avoids the problem of soil degradation caused by long-term over-fertilization.

[0128] 5. Plant growth monitoring and data feedback system

[0129] In response to the problem of crop growth monitoring in the fully covered ecological and efficient vegetable cultivation method, the present invention proposes a plant growth monitoring and data feedback system, which aims to track and analyze the growth status of crops in real time through intelligent means, and adjust the cultivation management measures in time. Through a variety of monitoring methods combined with a data feedback mechanism, the system can obtain the growth status of crops in real time, and provide decision support for cultivation management through intelligent analysis. This technical solution helps to discover problems in crop growth in advance, and optimize management strategies in time according to data feedback, thereby improving crop growth efficiency and yield, and reducing the deviation of human judgment.

[0130] 5.1 Design of crop growth monitoring system

[0131] The crop growth monitoring system in this embodiment mainly relies on a variety of sensor devices to monitor the growth status of crops in real time, including key indicators such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, chlorophyll content, stem and leaf growth rate, etc. The system integrates a variety of data acquisition devices and remote transmission technology to aggregate real-time monitoring data to a central processing unit, providing managers with a comprehensive view of crop health status and growth cycle.

[0132] Light and temperature and humidity sensors: The system is equipped with ambient light intensity and temperature and humidity sensors to monitor the light conditions, temperature and humidity in the crop growth environment. These factors have a direct impact on the photosynthesis, transpiration and growth rate of crops. Real-time collected data can help the system determine whether the crops are in a suitable growth environment. If the temperature is too high or the humidity is too low, the system can automatically adjust the environmental conditions or issue an alarm according to the preset threshold.

[0133] Chlorophyll content and plant health monitoring: Through plant surface attached sensors or near-infrared imaging technology, the chlorophyll content of crop leaves is monitored in real time. Chlorophyll content is a key indicator of plant photosynthesis and can reflect the health status and nutritional level of crops. Through this technology, the system can detect early signs of malnutrition or pests and diseases, thereby providing precise crop management measures.

[0134] Crop growth rate monitoring: Through root growth sensors installed in the soil and leaf growth monitoring equipment, the system can track the growth rate of crops in real time. Based on the growth data, the system can evaluate whether the crops are growing normally and whether additional nutrient supplements or environmental adjustments are needed.

[0135] 5.2 Data Feedback and Analysis Mechanism

[0136] The crop growth monitoring system in this embodiment can automatically analyze crop growth data and provide feedback through advanced data processing and analysis algorithms, thereby optimizing cultivation management.

[0137] Real-time data collection and transmission: The crop growth monitoring system transmits various growth data to the cloud or local control system in real time through the wireless sensor network (WSN). The data collection frequency and transmission method of the sensor network can be adjusted according to the growth cycle and management needs of the crop to ensure that the collected data is accurate enough and transmitted in a timely manner.

[0138] Data analysis and decision support: The system uses big data analysis algorithms to combine the collected data with the crop growth model, and automatically identifies problems in crop growth, such as slow growth, disease infection, malnutrition, etc. through comparison and trend analysis. The system can automatically adjust the cultivation plan based on the analysis results, such as adjusting the light intensity, humidity or soil nutrient supply, and even send warnings to managers to recommend further manual intervention.

[0139] Crop growth prediction and regulation suggestions: Combined with weather forecast data, the system can predict the growth trend of crops in the next few days and make regulation suggestions based on environmental changes. For example, when high temperatures are expected, the system will recommend strengthening irrigation or adding shading measures; before low temperatures or cold weather arrives, the system will start temperature control measures in advance to protect crops from damage.

[0140] 5.3 Intelligent feedback control and automated management

[0141] The plant growth monitoring system in this embodiment can not only collect data in real time, but also perform dynamic regulation through an automated feedback mechanism to ensure that crops are always in a suitable growth environment.

[0142] Automatic adjustment of the cultivation environment: The system automatically adjusts the cultivation environment by linking with intelligent irrigation, temperature control, ventilation and other environmental adjustment equipment. For example, when the temperature is too high, the system will automatically start cooling measures; when the humidity is too low, the irrigation system will automatically increase water to ensure that the growth of crops is not affected by lack of water.

[0143] Precision crop management: The system can timely adjust cultivation management measures such as fertilization, irrigation and lighting based on monitoring data feedback. For example, the system will automatically calculate the optimal amount and time of fertilization based on the growth rate of the crop and soil moisture to avoid over- or under-fertilization. In addition, the system can also adjust management strategies such as planting density and pest control to ensure optimal crop growth.

[0144] Remote control and early warning function: The crop growth monitoring system not only has the function of on-site automatic control, but also provides remote control and early warning functions. Managers can monitor the growth status of crops in real time through smartphones or computer terminals, and make remote adjustments based on the feedback data provided by the system. At the same time, the system will automatically generate alarm information based on the data analysis results. When a key parameter exceeds the preset range, the system will automatically send an alarm to prompt managers to intervene in time.

[0145] 5.4 Improving crop growth efficiency and quality

[0146] Through real-time monitoring and precise control, the crop growth monitoring and data feedback system of this embodiment can significantly improve the growth efficiency and quality of crops:

[0147] Optimize the crop growth environment: By precisely adjusting environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light, the system can ensure that crops grow under optimal growth conditions, avoid the adverse effects of environmental factors on crop growth, and promote the healthy growth of crops.

[0148] Early warning and prevention of pests and diseases: By monitoring chlorophyll content, crop growth rate and meteorological data, the system can detect potential problems in crop growth in advance, such as pests and diseases, nutritional deficiencies, etc., so as to take corresponding prevention and control measures in time to improve the crop's resistance to pests and diseases and growth quality.

[0149] Precise nutrient management: By real-time monitoring of crop growth status and environmental conditions, the system can automatically adjust fertilization plans to ensure that crops receive appropriate nutrient supply at different growth stages, thereby improving crop yield and quality.

[0150] 5.5 Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Protection

[0151] The plant growth monitoring and data feedback system in this embodiment not only improves crop production efficiency, but also effectively promotes sustainable agricultural practices and environmental protection:

[0152] Reduce resource waste: Through precise water and fertilizer regulation, the system can reduce water and fertilizer waste, reduce resource consumption in agricultural production, and help achieve efficient use of resources.

[0153] Reduce environmental pollution: The system can monitor the health of crops in real time and adjust management measures such as fertilization and irrigation based on feedback, thereby avoiding environmental pollution problems caused by excessive fertilization and unreasonable irrigation, and promoting the eco-friendliness of agricultural production.

[0154] Promoting the development of ecological agriculture: The application of the system helps to improve the sustainability of agricultural production, which not only increases the yield and quality of crops, but also reduces the negative impact on the environment and promotes the development of ecological agriculture.

[0155] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The vegetable full coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology is characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Select and design a functional composite mulch film, wherein the composite mulch film has the functions of temperature and humidity control, pest and disease control, precise nutrient release and soil protection, and the design of the mulch film includes a multi-layer structure; Step 2: Covering the soil with a mulch film, laying the functional composite mulch film on the vegetable planting area, covering the entire soil surface, and forming a fully covered cultivation environment; Step 3: Regulate soil temperature and humidity. Use the temperature and humidity regulation function of the ground film to adjust the humidity and temperature of the soil environment in real time. Step 4: Apply fertilizer accurately, using fertilizer with controlled release properties in combination with the nutrient release layer in the mulch film to control the fertilizer release rate as needed; Step 5: Inhibit pests and diseases by coating the surface of the mulch with natural plant extracts and antibacterial metal ion coatings; Step 6: Implement the use of biodegradable materials and use biodegradable materials as the main component of the mulch film.

2. The vegetable full-coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The functional composite mulch film includes at least four functional levels, namely: Temperature and humidity control layer: This layer is designed with microporous nanomaterials, which can adjust the temperature and humidity inside the membrane according to external climate changes, and keep the temperature and humidity in the crop root area stable; Nutrient release layer: by coating slow-release fertilizer particles, the release of fertilizer is controlled under different temperature and humidity conditions; Pest and disease control layer: coated with natural plant extracts and metal ion antibacterial coating to form a biophysical barrier; Soil cover: Use a soil cover made of biodegradable materials and organic matter.

3. The vegetable full coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The nano coating used in the temperature and humidity control layer includes nano silicon dioxide, nano carbon tubes or a composite material with heat conduction and micro air permeability, which can adjust the soil environment under conditions of large temperature differences.

4. The vegetable full-coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pest control layer is coated with natural plant ingredients, such as garlic extract, peppermint essential oil, tea tree oil, etc., and a thin coating is formed on the surface of the ground film through spraying technology.

5. The vegetable full-coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The nutrient release layer is composed of polymer-wrapped composite fertilizer particles, and the controlled release performance of the fertilizer particles matches the moisture control function of the mulch film, ensuring that the nutritional needs of crops are coordinated with the dynamic changes in soil conditions.

6. The vegetable full-coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the mulch film is 20-80 microns, and the thickness and functional characteristics of each layer are optimized and adjusted according to soil type, crop type and climatic conditions.

7. The vegetable full-coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The microporous structure on the surface of the ground film has a pore size between 50 and 200 microns, and can adjust the air permeability and water permeability of the ground film according to soil moisture and air circulation conditions.

8. The vegetable full-coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The biodegradable material is polylactic acid, polyester or other materials that meet environmental protection requirements, and the material can be completely degraded after the use cycle ends.

9. The vegetable full-coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The cultivation method comprises the following steps: Soil health monitoring: Use sensors to monitor soil pH, temperature, humidity, nutrient content, etc. in real time, and adjust soil conditions based on data feedback; Intelligent fertilization system: Based on soil nutrient monitoring data, the intelligent fertilization system is used to automatically adjust the amount and timing of fertilizer application.

10. The vegetable full-coverage ecological and efficient cultivation technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pest control measures include: Automatic spraying system: Based on climate conditions and crop growth cycle, natural plant extracts or antibacterial metal ion coatings are sprayed on the surface of the mulch through an automated control system; Pest and disease monitoring and early warning system: Using Internet of Things technology and big data analysis, based on real-time monitoring data and historical pest and disease occurrences, early warnings are issued and targeted prevention and control measures are taken.

Images