Multifunctional nutritional feed for improving meat quality of free-range chickens and preparation method of multifunctional nutritional feed
By making fish meal and soybean meal into small and large molecular proteins, and forming microcapsule feed, combining animal and plant proteins, the problem of low feed bioavailability in the existing technology is solved, and the nutritional value and absorption rate of native chicken meat is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411819031.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-14
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, the bioavailability of feed is low, resulting in poor quality of local chicken meat.
By making fish meal and soybean meal into small and large molecular proteins respectively, and treating them with hydroxylation reagents and polymerization agents, microcapsule feed is formed, combining animal proteins and plant proteins, and the bioavailability of proteins is improved.
It improves the nutritional value and bioavailability of the local chicken meat, and solves the problems of easy decomposition of feed and loss of nutrients.
Smart Images
Figure CN119605925A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the field of protein feed, and in particular to a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken meat and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Native chickens usually feed on grains, insects, grass, etc. These food sources are rich and diverse, providing comprehensive nutrition for native chickens. However, due to the uncertainty of native chicken food in the wild environment, it is impossible to effectively guarantee that native chickens can eat nutritious food, so auxiliary feed is needed to increase the nutritional value of native chickens.
[0003] Feeds prepared with both animal protein and plant protein can meet the nutritional needs of native chickens. In the process of preparing animal protein and plant protein into feed, high-temperature sterilization is a commonly used treatment method, which can effectively kill harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites, thereby ensuring the safety of the feed. However, during the high-temperature sterilization process, the animal protein will be severely denatured, resulting in the loss of nutrients in the feed. In addition, the animal protein size cannot be systematized, large molecular proteins are difficult to absorb, and small molecular protein organisms may be directly decomposed in the digestive tract and cannot be fully utilized, resulting in poor feed use effect.
[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the feed preparation process in the prior art to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention
[0005] The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, provides a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the defect of low bioavailability of feed in the prior art.
[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
[0007] S1: mixing fish meal with an alcohol solution, subjecting the mixture to ultrasonic vibration, stirring and then standing, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing, and passing through a molecular sieve to obtain a small molecule protein, wherein the diameter of the small molecule protein is 50-100 nm, and preparing the small protein molecule into a small protein solution;
[0008] S2: fermenting soybean meal for 50 hours and then mixing it with an alcohol solution, subjecting it to ultrasonic vibration and stirring, and then standing it, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing it, and passing it through a molecular sieve to obtain a macromolecular protein, wherein the diameter of the macromolecular protein is 300-400 nm, and preparing the macroprotein molecule into a macroprotein solution;
[0009] S3: adding a hydroxylation reagent to the small protein solution in S1 and mixing, filtering and precipitating the small molecule protein and drying it to obtain a charged small molecule protein, gradually sprinkling the charged small molecule protein into the large protein solution in S2 and mixing it evenly, stirring continuously during the sprinkling process, and adding a coating solution and mixing it to obtain a mixed protein solution;
[0010] S4: adding a polymerizing agent to the mixed protein solution in S3 to form microcapsules, and filtering and drying the microcapsules to obtain a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of free-range chicken.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the alcohol solution in S1 and S2 is one or more of ethanol, propanol and isopropanol, and the concentration of the alcohol solution is 60%-80%.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solvent in the small protein solution in S1 and the large protein solution in S2 are both water, and the mass concentration of the small protein solution and the large protein solution is consistent and is 20-30%.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydroxylation agent in S3 is one or more of a calcium hydroxide solution, a copper hydroxide solution and a sodium hydroxide-ethanol solution, the mass concentration of the hydroxylation agent is 5-10%, and the mass ratio of the small protein solution to the hydroxylation agent is 10-20:1.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the large protein solution to the inclusion solution in S3 is 1:4-8, and the mass ratio of the charged small molecule protein to the large protein molecule in the mixed protein solution is 1:3-5.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the encapsulation solution in S3 is one or more of a gelatin solution, a chitosan solution and a polylactic acid solution, and the concentration of the encapsulation solution is 20-30%.
[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, after the charged small molecule protein is sprinkled in and stirred and then allowed to stand for 2 hours, a nutrient additive is added dropwise, and the molecular diameter of the nutrient additive is the same as that of the large molecule protein.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when sprinkling the charged small molecule protein in S3, the charged small molecule protein is first placed in dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then the dimethyl sulfone protein solution is dripped into the large protein solution, and the mass ratio of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution is 1:8-10.
[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymerizing agent in S4 is chromium propionate, and the mass ratio between the polymerizing agent and the mixed protein solution is 1:100-150.
[0019] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the second set of technical solutions adopted by the present invention is: a feed made by a multifunctional nutritious feed preparation method for improving the quality of free-range chicken.
[0020] The present invention solves the defects existing in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:
[0021] (1) The present invention provides a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of free-range chicken meat and a preparation method thereof. Soybean meal and fish meal are respectively made into large molecular protein and small molecular protein, and the large protein and the small protein are combined and then added and polymerized to form a microcapsule feed. At the same time, animal protein and plant protein are combined to form a good multifunctional nutritious feed. Compared with the animal protein feed in the prior art, the microcapsules formed by the combination of large protein and small protein can simultaneously meet the requirements of easy absorption and anti-decomposition, can have anti-decomposition in the esophagus, and can be fully absorbed by the digestive tract, thereby solving the defect of low bioavailability of feed in the prior art.
[0022] (2) In the present invention, charged small molecule proteins are gradually sprinkled into the large protein solution and mixed evenly, and stirring is continued during the sprinkling process. The small molecule proteins can be fully dispersed and combined with the large molecules, avoiding agglomeration between small molecules. Compared with the prior art, the binding rate of large molecules and small molecules can be improved, the agglomeration of small molecules can be reduced, thereby reducing the quality of feed, facilitating the absorption of protein by the digestive tract, and improving the utilization rate of protein.
[0023] (3) In the present invention, the alcohol solution can denature the pathogens on the protein, and the ultrasonic vibration can break up the structure of the pathogens, which can effectively destroy the survival of the pathogens. Compared with the prior art, it avoids the use of high temperature to sterilize the protein and cause complete denaturation, and can effectively retain the nutrients in the protein, thereby improving the nutritional value of the feed. In addition, during the process of sterilizing the protein, the principle of alcohol reduction can be used to perform preliminary sorting of the protein size, thereby improving the preparation efficiency.
[0024] (4) In the present invention, a hydroxylation agent is added to the small molecule solution, so that the small molecule protein is connected to a number of hydroxyl functional groups and carries a negative charge, which can effectively avoid the aggregation of small molecules and can combine with large molecule proteins with a high surface carboxyl content. Compared with the prior art, the aggregation rate between small molecules can be effectively reduced, and the binding rate between large molecule proteins and small molecule proteins can be increased, so that the overall binding ratio between large molecule proteins and small molecule proteins is consistent, thereby improving the integrity of the feed.
[0025] (5) In the present invention, after small molecule proteins are sprinkled and allowed to stand, nutritional additives are dripped in, so that the small molecule proteins can combine with the nutritional additive molecules after the large molecule proteins, which helps the combination of the nutritional additives and the proteins. Compared with the prior art, the adhesion of the nutritional additives to the proteins can be improved, which helps the digestive tract to absorb the nutritional additives and avoids the local accumulation of the nutritional additives that cannot be completely absorbed by the digestive tract.
[0026] (6) In the present invention, when sprinkling the charged small molecule protein, the charged small molecule protein is first placed in dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then the dimethyl sulfone protein solution is dropped into the large protein solution. Dimethyl sulfone helps to improve the interaction between the charged small molecule protein and the large protein molecules. Compared with the prior art, the overall performance of the microcapsule is enhanced, the combination of large and small proteins in the mixed protein is promoted, and the stability of the protein is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
[0028] Figure 1 It is a method step diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0030] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken comprises the following steps:
[0032] S1: Place the fish meal in a subcritical water treatment reactor, the temperature in the subcritical water treatment reactor is 130℃-220℃, the pressure is 1.5-2.2MPa, and the reaction is carried out for 20-40min. Take out the fish meal after subcritical water treatment and mix it with an alcohol solution, stir it after ultrasonic vibration, and then let it stand. Filter and take out the precipitate produced after standing, and obtain small molecule protein after molecular sieve. The diameter of the small molecule protein is 50-100nm, and the small protein molecules are made into small protein solutions; subcritical water treatment can destroy the protein structure in fish meal, making it easier to digest. This pretreatment helps native chickens absorb and utilize protein in feed more effectively.
[0033] S2: Ferment the soybean meal for 50 hours and then mix it with an alcohol solution, perform ultrasonic vibration and stirring, and then let it stand. Filter the precipitate produced after standing, and obtain large molecular proteins after passing through molecular sieves. The diameter of the large molecular proteins is 300-400nm, and the large protein molecules are made into large protein solutions; the fermentation process can reduce the anti-nutritional factors in the soybean meal, such as trypsin inhibitors, soybean antigen proteins, etc. These factors may interfere with the digestion process of native chickens. Through fermentation, these anti-nutritional factors are decomposed or passivated, thereby improving the utilization rate of soybean meal and the absorption rate of protein.
[0034] S3: adding a hydroxylation reagent to the small protein solution in S1 and mixing, filtering and precipitating the small molecule protein and drying it to obtain a charged small molecule protein, gradually sprinkling the charged small molecule protein into the large protein solution in S2 and mixing it evenly, stirring continuously during the sprinkling process, and adding the inclusion solution and mixing to obtain a mixed protein solution;
[0035] S4: adding a polymerizing agent to the mixed protein solution in S3 to form microcapsules, and filtering and drying the microcapsules to obtain a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken.
[0036] The alcohol solution in S1 and S2 is one or more of ethanol, propanol and isopropanol, and the concentration of the alcohol solution is 60%-80%. Within the concentration range of 60%-80%, the alcohol solution can effectively dissolve and extract protein, while reducing the dissolution of impurities, and improving extraction efficiency and purity. The alcohol solution can denature the bacteria on the protein, and the ultrasonic vibration can break up the structure of the bacteria, which can effectively destroy the survival of the bacteria, avoid the use of high temperature to disinfect the protein and cause complete denaturation, can effectively retain the nutrients of the protein, improve the nutritional value of the feed, and in the process of disinfecting the protein, the principle of alcohol reduction can be used to perform preliminary sorting of protein size, thereby improving preparation efficiency. The addition of the alcohol solution can reduce the viscosity of the protein solution, improve the filtering performance, avoid the adhesion of the protein, reduce the agglomeration of the protein, and enable the subsequent combination between the macromolecular protein and the small molecular protein to proceed smoothly.
[0037] The solvent in the small protein solution in S1 and the large protein solution in S2 is water, and the mass concentration of the small protein solution and the large protein solution is consistent and is 20-30%. Using the same solvent and consistent mass concentration can ensure that the operating conditions in the two steps are uniform, which helps to maintain the consistency and repeatability of the entire preparation process. It can make the subsequent mixing process of proteins of different sizes comparative and easy to control the mixing ratio.
[0038] The hydroxylation agent in S3 is one or more of calcium hydroxide solution, copper hydroxide solution and sodium hydroxide-ethanol solution, the mass concentration of the hydroxylation agent is 5-10%, and the mass ratio of the small protein solution to the hydroxylation agent is 10-20:1. The hydroxylation agent can make the small molecule protein have more hydroxyl groups, while the carboxyl group ratio on the large molecule protein is high. The hydroxyl groups on the small molecule protein can be polymerized with the carboxyl groups on the large molecule protein so that the large molecule protein is combined with the small molecule protein. Adding a hydroxylation agent to the small molecule solution allows the small molecule protein to access several hydroxyl functional groups and carry a negative charge, which can effectively avoid agglomeration between small molecules, and can be combined with large molecule proteins with high surface carboxyl content, which can effectively reduce the agglomeration rate between small molecules, and can increase the binding rate of large molecule proteins and small molecule proteins, so that the overall binding ratio between large molecule proteins and small molecule proteins is consistent, thereby improving the integrity of the feed.
[0039] The mass ratio of the large protein solution to the encapsulation solution in S3 is 1:4-8, and the mass ratio between the charged small molecule protein and the large protein molecules in the mixed protein solution is 1:3-5. By adjusting the ratio of the large protein to the encapsulation solution, the release rate of the active ingredient in the microcapsule can be controlled. A higher encapsulation ratio may mean a slower release, which helps to control the release of nutrients in the animal digestive system.
[0040] The encapsulation solution in S3 is one or more of gelatin solution, chitosan solution and polylactic acid solution, and the concentration of the encapsulation solution is 20-30%. Gelatin, chitosan and polylactic acid are all materials with good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and they are widely used in the biomedical field. Using these materials as encapsulation solutions can ensure that the final product is safe for animals and the environment. Different encapsulation solutions can provide different release characteristics. By adjusting the type and concentration of the encapsulation solution, the release rate of the active ingredient in the microcapsule can be accurately controlled to adapt to the digestive characteristics of the animal.
[0041] In S3, charged small molecule proteins are sprinkled in, stirred, and then left to stand for 2 hours before adding nutritional additives, the molecular diameter of which is the same as that of the large molecule protein. Animal feed nutritional additives refer to chemical substances added to animal feed to improve the nutritional content of animal feed, improve animal growth, production performance and health, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids and probiotics.
[0042] The molecular diameter of the nutritional additive is consistent with that of the macromolecular protein, which makes it easier for the nutritional additive to be absorbed through the digestive tract of the animal. This will increase the utilization rate of the nutritional additive by the animal, thereby improving the nutritional status and production performance of the animal.
[0043] In S3, when the charged small molecule protein is sprinkled, the charged small molecule protein is first placed in dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then the dimethyl sulfone protein solution is dripped into the large protein solution. The mass ratio of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution is 1:8-10. The addition of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution can enhance the stability of the microcapsules and reduce the degradation of the protein during processing and storage. Dimethyl sulfone helps to improve the interaction between the charged small molecule protein and the large protein molecules, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the microcapsules. Dimethyl sulfone may directly promote the binding of large and small proteins in the mixed protein by promoting the interaction between proteins. The interaction between proteins is the basis of cell life activities, including the interaction between proteins and proteins, proteins and nucleic acids and other biological macromolecules. Dimethyl sulfone promotes the binding and stability of large and small proteins in the mixed protein by regulating these interactions. Dimethyl sulfone indirectly promotes the binding of large and small proteins in the mixed protein by improving the stability of proteins. The stability of proteins is the basis for their normal function. Dimethyl sulfone improves the stability of proteins by affecting the folding, aggregation and degradation of proteins, making them easier to bind to other proteins.
[0044] The polymerizer in S4 is chromium propionate, and the mass ratio between the polymerizer and the mixed protein solution is 1:100-150. Chromium propionate enhances the function of insulin by forming a glucose tolerance factor, thereby having a positive effect on the sugar and lipid metabolism, protein and nucleic acid metabolism of the animal body, thereby promoting the absorption of feed by broilers. Chromium propionate can act as a polymerizer to promote the polymerization between the inclusion and protein in the inclusion solution, thereby promoting the production of microcapsules.
[0045] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the second set of technical solutions adopted by the present invention is: a feed made by a method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the meat quality of free-range chickens. The growth cycle of broilers is relatively short, and they can usually reach the market weight within a few weeks to a few months. This rapid growth rate requires the feed to have high energy and high protein, as well as nutrients that can be quickly absorbed and utilized. The multifunctional nutritious feed prepared by the present invention can provide the protein nutrition required for the rapid growth of broilers, while improving the bioavailability of the feed. The digestive system of broilers is relatively simple, and high efficiency of digestion and absorption of feed is required. The combination of small molecule proteins and large molecule proteins in the multifunctional nutritious feed prepared by the present invention, as well as the application of microencapsulation technology, helps to improve the absorption and utilization of nutrients in the feed by broilers, and avoid excessive protein being decomposed and wasted before being absorbed by the intestines.
[0046] Embodiment 1
[0047] A method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken meat comprises the following steps:
[0048] S1: placing fish meal in a subcritical water treatment reactor, wherein the temperature in the subcritical water treatment reactor is 130°C-220°C and the pressure is 1.5-2.2MPa, and reacting for 20-40min, taking out the fish meal after subcritical water treatment and mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, stirring after ultrasonic vibration and then standing, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing, and obtaining small molecule protein after passing through a molecular sieve, wherein the average diameter size of the small molecule protein is 75nm, and preparing a small protein solution with a concentration of 25% by using water for the small protein molecule;
[0049] S2: fermenting soybean meal for 50 hours and then mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, ultrasonically shaking and stirring it, and then letting it stand. Filtering the precipitate produced after standing, and passing it through a molecular sieve to obtain a macromolecular protein. The average diameter of the macromolecular protein is 350nm. The macroprotein molecules are mixed with water to prepare a 25% concentration macroprotein solution;
[0050] S3: add 5% calcium hydroxide solution to the small protein solution in S1 and mix them, the mass ratio of the small protein solution to the hydroxylation agent is 15:1, filter and precipitate the small molecule protein and dry it to obtain a charged small molecule protein, put the charged small molecule protein into dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then drop the dimethyl sulfone protein solution into the large protein solution, the mass ratio of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution is 1:8, stir continuously during the dropping process, add and mix the inclusion solution, the inclusion solution is 25% gelatin solution, the mass ratio of the large protein solution to the inclusion solution is 1:6, the mass ratio between the charged small molecule protein and the large protein molecules in the mixed protein solution is 1:2, and a mixed protein solution is obtained;
[0051] S4: Adding a polymerizing agent to the mixed protein solution in S3, wherein the polymerizing agent is chromium propionate, and the mass ratio between the polymerizing agent and the mixed protein solution is 1:100, to form microcapsules, and filtering and drying the microcapsules to obtain a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken.
[0052] Embodiment 2
[0053] A method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken meat comprises the following steps:
[0054] S1: placing fish meal in a subcritical water treatment reactor, wherein the temperature in the subcritical water treatment reactor is 130°C-220°C and the pressure is 1.5-2.2MPa, and reacting for 20-40min, taking out the fish meal after subcritical water treatment and mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, stirring after ultrasonic vibration and then standing, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing, and obtaining small molecule protein after passing through a molecular sieve, wherein the average diameter size of the small molecule protein is 75nm, and preparing a small protein solution with a concentration of 25% by using water for the small protein molecule;
[0055] S2: fermenting soybean meal for 50 hours and then mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, ultrasonically shaking and stirring it, and then letting it stand. Filtering the precipitate produced after standing, and passing it through a molecular sieve to obtain a macromolecular protein. The average diameter of the macromolecular protein is 350nm. The macroprotein molecules are mixed with water to prepare a 25% concentration macroprotein solution;
[0056] S3: add 5% calcium hydroxide solution to the small protein solution in S1 and mix them, the mass ratio of the small protein solution to the hydroxylation agent is 15:1, filter and precipitate the small molecule protein and dry it to obtain a charged small molecule protein, put the charged small molecule protein into dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then drop the dimethyl sulfone protein solution into the large protein solution, the mass ratio of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution is 1:8, stir continuously during the dropping process, add and mix the inclusion solution, the inclusion solution is 25% gelatin solution, the mass ratio of the large protein solution to the inclusion solution is 1:6, the mass ratio between the charged small molecule protein and the large protein molecules in the mixed protein solution is 1:3, and a mixed protein solution is obtained;
[0057] S4: Adding a polymerizing agent to the mixed protein solution in S3, wherein the polymerizing agent is chromium propionate, and the mass ratio between the polymerizing agent and the mixed protein solution is 1:100, to form microcapsules, and filtering and drying the microcapsules to obtain a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken.
[0058] Embodiment 3
[0059] A method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken meat comprises the following steps:
[0060] S1: placing fish meal in a subcritical water treatment reactor, wherein the temperature in the subcritical water treatment reactor is 130°C-220°C and the pressure is 1.5-2.2MPa, and reacting for 20-40min, taking out the fish meal after subcritical water treatment and mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, stirring after ultrasonic vibration and then standing, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing, and obtaining small molecule protein after passing through a molecular sieve, wherein the average diameter size of the small molecule protein is 75nm, and preparing a small protein solution with a concentration of 25% by using water for the small protein molecule;
[0061] S2: fermenting soybean meal for 50 hours and then mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, ultrasonically shaking and stirring it, and then letting it stand. Filtering the precipitate produced after standing, and passing it through a molecular sieve to obtain a macromolecular protein. The average diameter of the macromolecular protein is 350nm. The macroprotein molecules are mixed with water to prepare a 25% concentration macroprotein solution;
[0062] S3: add 5% calcium hydroxide solution to the small protein solution in S1 and mix them, the mass ratio of the small protein solution to the hydroxylation agent is 15:1, filter and precipitate the small molecule protein and dry it to obtain a charged small molecule protein, put the charged small molecule protein into dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then drop the dimethyl sulfone protein solution into the large protein solution, the mass ratio of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution is 1:8, stir continuously during the dropping process, add and mix the inclusion solution, the inclusion solution is 25% gelatin solution, the mass ratio of the large protein solution to the inclusion solution is 1:6, the mass ratio between the charged small molecule protein and the large protein molecules in the mixed protein solution is 1:4, and a mixed protein solution is obtained;
[0063] S4: Adding a polymerizing agent to the mixed protein solution in S3, wherein the polymerizing agent is chromium propionate, and the mass ratio between the polymerizing agent and the mixed protein solution is 1:100, to form microcapsules, and filtering and drying the microcapsules to obtain a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken.
[0064] Embodiment 4
[0065] A method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken meat comprises the following steps:
[0066] S1: placing fish meal in a subcritical water treatment reactor, wherein the temperature in the subcritical water treatment reactor is 130°C-220°C and the pressure is 1.5-2.2MPa, and reacting for 20-40min, taking out the fish meal after subcritical water treatment and mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, stirring after ultrasonic vibration and then standing, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing, and obtaining small molecule protein after passing through a molecular sieve, wherein the average diameter size of the small molecule protein is 75nm, and preparing a small protein solution with a concentration of 25% by using water for the small protein molecule;
[0067] S2: fermenting soybean meal for 50 hours and then mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, ultrasonically shaking and stirring it, and then letting it stand. Filtering the precipitate produced after standing, and passing it through a molecular sieve to obtain a macromolecular protein. The average diameter of the macromolecular protein is 350nm. The macroprotein molecules are mixed with water to prepare a 25% concentration macroprotein solution;
[0068] S3: add 5% calcium hydroxide solution to the small protein solution in S1 and mix them, the mass ratio of the small protein solution to the hydroxylation agent is 15:1, filter and precipitate the small molecule protein and dry it to obtain a charged small molecule protein, put the charged small molecule protein into dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then drop the dimethyl sulfone protein solution into the large protein solution, the mass ratio of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution is 1:8, stir continuously during the dropping process, add and mix the inclusion solution, the inclusion solution is 25% gelatin solution, the mass ratio of the large protein solution to the inclusion solution is 1:6, the mass ratio between the charged small molecule protein and the large protein molecules in the mixed protein solution is 1:5, and a mixed protein solution is obtained;
[0069] S4: Adding a polymerizing agent to the mixed protein solution in S3, wherein the polymerizing agent is chromium propionate, and the mass ratio between the polymerizing agent and the mixed protein solution is 1:100, to form microcapsules, and filtering and drying the microcapsules to obtain a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken.
[0070] Embodiment 5
[0071] A method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken meat comprises the following steps:
[0072] S1: placing fish meal in a subcritical water treatment reactor, wherein the temperature in the subcritical water treatment reactor is 130°C-220°C and the pressure is 1.5-2.2MPa, and reacting for 20-40min, taking out the fish meal after subcritical water treatment and mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, stirring after ultrasonic vibration and then standing, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing, and obtaining small molecule protein after passing through a molecular sieve, wherein the average diameter size of the small molecule protein is 75nm, and preparing a small protein solution with a concentration of 25% by using water for the small protein molecule;
[0073] S2: fermenting soybean meal for 50 hours and then mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, ultrasonically shaking and stirring it, and then letting it stand. Filtering the precipitate produced after standing, and passing it through a molecular sieve to obtain a macromolecular protein. The average diameter of the macromolecular protein is 350nm. The macroprotein molecules are mixed with water to prepare a 25% concentration macroprotein solution;
[0074] S3: add 5% calcium hydroxide solution to the small protein solution in S1 and mix them, the mass ratio of the small protein solution to the hydroxylation agent is 15:1, filter and precipitate the small molecule protein and dry it to obtain a charged small molecule protein, put the charged small molecule protein into dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then drop the dimethyl sulfone protein solution into the large protein solution, the mass ratio of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution is 1:8, stir continuously during the dropping process, add and mix the inclusion solution, the inclusion solution is 25% gelatin solution, the mass ratio of the large protein solution to the inclusion solution is 1:6, the mass ratio between the charged small molecule protein and the large protein molecules in the mixed protein solution is 1:6, and a mixed protein solution is obtained;
[0075] S4: Adding a polymerizing agent to the mixed protein solution in S3, wherein the polymerizing agent is chromium propionate, and the mass ratio between the polymerizing agent and the mixed protein solution is 1:100, to form microcapsules, and filtering and drying the microcapsules to obtain a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken.
[0076] Embodiment 6
[0077] A method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken meat comprises the following steps:
[0078] S1: placing fish meal in a subcritical water treatment reactor, wherein the temperature in the subcritical water treatment reactor is 130°C-220°C and the pressure is 1.5-2.2MPa, and reacting for 20-40min, taking out the fish meal after subcritical water treatment and mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, stirring after ultrasonic vibration and then standing, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing, and obtaining small molecule protein after passing through a molecular sieve, wherein the average diameter size of the small molecule protein is 75nm, and preparing a small protein solution with a concentration of 25% by using water for the small protein molecule;
[0079] S2: fermenting soybean meal for 50 hours and then mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, ultrasonically shaking and stirring it, and then letting it stand. Filtering the precipitate produced after standing, and passing it through a molecular sieve to obtain a macromolecular protein. The average diameter of the macromolecular protein is 350nm. The macroprotein molecules are mixed with water to prepare a 25% concentration macroprotein solution;
[0080] S3: add 5% calcium hydroxide solution to the small protein solution in S1 and mix them, the mass ratio of the small protein solution to the hydroxylation agent is 15:1, filter and precipitate the small molecule protein and dry it to obtain a charged small molecule protein, put the charged small molecule protein into dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then drop the dimethyl sulfone protein solution into the large protein solution, the mass ratio of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution is 1:7, stir continuously during the dropping process, add and mix the inclusion solution, the inclusion solution is 25% gelatin solution, the mass ratio of the large protein solution to the inclusion solution is 1:6, the mass ratio between the charged small molecule protein and the large protein molecules in the mixed protein solution is 1:4, and a mixed protein solution is obtained;
[0081] S4: Adding a polymerizing agent to the mixed protein solution in S3, wherein the polymerizing agent is chromium propionate, and the mass ratio between the polymerizing agent and the mixed protein solution is 1:100, to form microcapsules, and filtering and drying the microcapsules to obtain a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken.
[0082] Embodiment 7
[0083] A method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken meat comprises the following steps:
[0084] S1: placing fish meal in a subcritical water treatment reactor, wherein the temperature in the subcritical water treatment reactor is 130°C-220°C and the pressure is 1.5-2.2MPa, and reacting for 20-40min, taking out the fish meal after subcritical water treatment and mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, stirring after ultrasonic vibration and then standing, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing, and obtaining small molecule protein after passing through a molecular sieve, wherein the average diameter size of the small molecule protein is 75nm, and preparing a small protein solution with a concentration of 25% by using water for the small protein molecule;
[0085] S2: fermenting soybean meal for 50 hours and then mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, ultrasonically shaking and stirring it, and then letting it stand. Filtering the precipitate produced after standing, and passing it through a molecular sieve to obtain a macromolecular protein. The average diameter of the macromolecular protein is 350nm. The macroprotein molecules are mixed with water to prepare a 25% concentration macroprotein solution;
[0086] S3: add 5% calcium hydroxide solution to the small protein solution in S1 and mix them, the mass ratio of the small protein solution to the hydroxylation agent is 15:1, filter and precipitate the small molecule protein and dry it to obtain a charged small molecule protein, put the charged small molecule protein into dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then drop the dimethyl sulfone protein solution into the large protein solution, the mass ratio of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution is 1:9, stir continuously during the dropping process, add and mix the inclusion solution, the inclusion solution is 25% gelatin solution, the mass ratio of the large protein solution to the inclusion solution is 1:6, the mass ratio between the charged small molecule protein and the large protein molecules in the mixed protein solution is 1:4, and a mixed protein solution is obtained;
[0087] S4: Adding a polymerizing agent to the mixed protein solution in S3, wherein the polymerizing agent is chromium propionate, and the mass ratio between the polymerizing agent and the mixed protein solution is 1:100, to form microcapsules, and filtering and drying the microcapsules to obtain a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken.
[0088] Embodiment 8
[0089] A method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken meat comprises the following steps:
[0090] S1: placing fish meal in a subcritical water treatment reactor, wherein the temperature in the subcritical water treatment reactor is 130°C-220°C and the pressure is 1.5-2.2MPa, and reacting for 20-40min, taking out the fish meal after subcritical water treatment and mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, stirring after ultrasonic vibration and then standing, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing, and obtaining small molecule protein after passing through a molecular sieve, wherein the average diameter size of the small molecule protein is 75nm, and preparing a small protein solution with a concentration of 25% by using water for the small protein molecule;
[0091] S2: fermenting soybean meal for 50 hours and then mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, ultrasonically shaking and stirring it, and then letting it stand. Filtering the precipitate produced after standing, and passing it through a molecular sieve to obtain a macromolecular protein. The average diameter of the macromolecular protein is 350nm. The macroprotein molecules are mixed with water to prepare a 25% concentration macroprotein solution;
[0092] S3: add 5% calcium hydroxide solution to the small protein solution in S1 and mix them, the mass ratio of the small protein solution to the hydroxylation agent is 15:1, filter and precipitate the small molecule protein and dry it to obtain a charged small molecule protein, put the charged small molecule protein into dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then drop the dimethyl sulfone protein solution into the large protein solution, the mass ratio of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution is 1:10, stir continuously during the dropping process, add and mix the inclusion solution, the inclusion solution is 25% gelatin solution, the mass ratio of the large protein solution to the inclusion solution is 1:6, the mass ratio between the charged small molecule protein and the large protein molecules in the mixed protein solution is 1:4, and a mixed protein solution is obtained;
[0093] S4: Adding a polymerizing agent to the mixed protein solution in S3, wherein the polymerizing agent is chromium propionate, and the mass ratio between the polymerizing agent and the mixed protein solution is 1:100, to form microcapsules, and filtering and drying the microcapsules to obtain a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken.
[0094] Embodiment 9
[0095] A method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken meat comprises the following steps:
[0096] S1: placing fish meal in a subcritical water treatment reactor, wherein the temperature in the subcritical water treatment reactor is 130°C-220°C and the pressure is 1.5-2.2MPa, and reacting for 20-40min, taking out the fish meal after subcritical water treatment and mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, stirring after ultrasonic vibration and then standing, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing, and obtaining small molecule protein after passing through a molecular sieve, wherein the average diameter size of the small molecule protein is 75nm, and preparing a small protein solution with a concentration of 25% by using water for the small protein molecule;
[0097] S2: fermenting soybean meal for 50 hours and then mixing it with 75% ethanol for alcohol reduction treatment, ultrasonically shaking and stirring it, and then letting it stand. Filtering the precipitate produced after standing, and passing it through a molecular sieve to obtain a macromolecular protein. The average diameter of the macromolecular protein is 350nm. The macroprotein molecules are mixed with water to prepare a 25% concentration macroprotein solution;
[0098] S3: add 5% calcium hydroxide solution to the small protein solution in S1 and mix them, the mass ratio of the small protein solution to the hydroxylation agent is 15:1, filter and precipitate the small molecule protein and dry it to obtain a charged small molecule protein, put the charged small molecule protein into dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then drop the dimethyl sulfone protein solution into the large protein solution, the mass ratio of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution is 1:11, stir continuously during the dropping process, add and mix the inclusion solution, the inclusion solution is 25% gelatin solution, the mass ratio of the large protein solution to the inclusion solution is 1:6, the mass ratio between the charged small molecule protein and the large protein molecules in the mixed protein solution is 1:4, and a mixed protein solution is obtained;
[0099] S4: Adding a polymerizing agent to the mixed protein solution in S3, wherein the polymerizing agent is chromium propionate, and the mass ratio between the polymerizing agent and the mixed protein solution is 1:100, to form microcapsules, and filtering and drying the microcapsules to obtain a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken.
[0100] Comparative Example 1
[0101] The fish meal and soybean meal are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:4 to obtain a mixed feed.
[0102] Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to isotope labeling of C13 and N15, and 1000 g of feed was taken respectively and fed to 10 broilers with similar body shape and health status. After 5 hours of feeding, 100 cc of blood was drawn from the broilers and isotope detection was performed. The detection instrument used was a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer, and the formulas for δC13 value and δN15 value were based on:
[0103]
[0104] Among them, the R value is the relative abundance of the isotope in the sample and the relative abundance of the isotope in the standard substance. The higher the relative abundance of the isotope, the higher the degree of absorption of the feed by broilers.
[0105] The test data is shown in Table 1:
[0106] Table 1 δC13 values and δN15 values of samples in Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Example 1
[0107] Example C13 test value (δC13) N15 detection value (δN15) Embodiment 1 11.357 0.225 Embodiment 2 11.723 0.247 Embodiment 3 12.492 0.589 Embodiment 4 11.921 0.357 Embodiment 5 11.449 0.268 Embodiment 6 12.178 0.326 Embodiment 7 13.085 0.614 Embodiment 8 12.763 0.569 Embodiment 9 11.968 0.501 Comparative Example 1 8.246 0.128
[0108] It can be seen from Table 1 that the δC13 value and δN15 value of Examples 1 to 9 are greater than the δC13 value and δN15 value of Comparative Example 1, and broilers have a stronger absorption capacity for the feeds of Examples 1 to 9.
[0109] In Examples 1 to 5, as the mass ratio between charged small molecule proteins and large protein molecules in the mixed protein solution gradually increases, the δC13 value and the δN15 value both increase first and then decrease, and the broiler's absorption of the feed first increases and then decreases. As the proportion of large protein molecules increases, the feed's resistance to decomposition increases, which can prevent the feed from being decomposed before reaching the intestine. However, when the proportion of large protein molecules is too high, the feed's ability to be easily absorbed decreases, so that the large protein is not completely decomposed in the intestine and is difficult to be absorbed by the broiler. The preferred embodiment is Example 3.
[0110] In Example 3 and Examples 6 to 9, as the mass ratio of dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution gradually increases, the δC13 value and the δN15 value both increase first and then decrease, and the broiler's absorption of feed first increases and then decreases. Dimethyl sulfone may directly promote the combination of large and small proteins in the mixed protein by promoting the interaction between proteins, thereby ensuring the stability of the mixed protein and promoting the improvement of the broiler's absorption rate of protein in the feed. However, when the content of dimethyl sulfone is too high, it will lead to excessive protection of large and small proteins, weakening the broiler's intestinal ability to decompose feed, and reducing the broiler's absorption of feed. The preferred embodiment is Example 7.
[0111] The above is based on the ideal embodiment of the present invention. Through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of native chicken, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: mixing fish meal with an alcohol solution, subjecting the mixture to ultrasonic vibration, stirring and then standing, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing, and passing through a molecular sieve to obtain a small molecule protein, wherein the diameter of the small molecule protein is 50-100 nm, and preparing the small protein molecule into a small protein solution; S2: fermenting soybean meal for 50 hours and then mixing it with an alcohol solution, subjecting it to ultrasonic vibration and stirring, and then standing it, filtering out the precipitate produced after standing it, and passing it through a molecular sieve to obtain a macromolecular protein, wherein the diameter of the macromolecular protein is 300-400 nm, and preparing the macroprotein molecule into a macroprotein solution; S3: adding a hydroxylation reagent to the small protein solution in S1 and mixing, filtering and precipitating the small molecule protein and drying it to obtain a charged small molecule protein, gradually sprinkling the charged small molecule protein into the large protein solution in S2 and mixing it evenly, stirring continuously during the sprinkling process, and adding a coating solution and mixing it to obtain a mixed protein solution; S4: adding a polymerizing agent to the mixed protein solution in S3 to form microcapsules, and filtering and drying the microcapsules to obtain a multifunctional nutritious feed for improving the quality of free-range chicken.
2. The method for preparing a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alcohol solution in S1 and S2 is one or more of ethanol, propanol and isopropanol, and the concentration of the alcohol solution is 60%-80%.
3. The method for preparing a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent in the small protein solution in S1 and the large protein solution in S2 are both water, and the mass concentration of the small protein solution and the large protein solution is consistent and is 20-30%.
4. The method for preparing a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydroxylation agent in S3 is one or more of calcium hydroxide solution, copper hydroxide solution and sodium hydroxide-ethanol solution, the mass concentration of the hydroxylation agent is 5-10%, and the mass ratio of the small protein solution to the hydroxylation agent is 10-20:
1.
5. The method for preparing a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the large protein solution to the inclusion solution in S3 is 1:4-8, and the mass ratio of the charged small molecule protein to the large protein molecule in the mixed protein solution is 1:3-5.
6. The method for preparing a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclusion solution in S3 is one or more of a gelatin solution, a chitosan solution and a polylactic acid solution, and the concentration of the inclusion solution is 20-30%.
7. The method for preparing a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S3, after the charged small molecule protein is sprinkled in and stirred and then left to stand for 2 hours, a nutrient additive is added dropwise, and the molecular diameter of the nutrient additive is the same as that of the large molecule protein.
8. The method for preparing a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: When sprinkling the charged small molecule protein in S3, the charged small molecule protein is first placed in dimethyl sulfone to form a dimethyl sulfone protein solution, and then the dimethyl sulfone protein solution is dripped into the large protein solution. The mass ratio of the dimethyl sulfone protein solution in the mixed protein solution is 1:8-10.
9. The method for preparing a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymerizing agent in S4 is chromium propionate, and the mass ratio between the polymerizing agent and the mixed protein solution is 1:100-150.
10. A feed prepared by a multifunctional nutritional feed preparation method for improving the quality of native chicken, characterized in that: A method for preparing a multifunctional nutritional feed for improving the quality of native chicken based on any one of claims 1-9.