Two-stage upgrading treatment method for formula threshed tobacco leaves

Abstract

The invention provides a two-stage upgrading treatment method for formula threshed tobacco leaves. The method comprises the following steps: 1) evaluating the quality of the tobacco leaves; 2) grouping; 3) performing personalized processing; and 4) carrying out generality treatment. According to the invention, direct mixing of a plurality of feed liquids and possible non-synergistic effect in traditional'one-pot 'treatment are avoided, so that the feed liquids are saved, and the cost investment is reduced; compared with conventional quality improvement treatment, the method has the advantages that the quality improvement effect is ensured, meanwhile, the pause and waiting time in production is avoided, and the overall efficiency of a production line is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco leaf quality improvement technology, and in particular to a two-stage quality improvement treatment method for formula threshed tobacco leaves. Background Art

[0002] Formula threshing is a method of combining raw tobacco from different origins, grades, parts and even years into tobacco modules according to a certain ratio during the threshing and redrying process, and then mixing and processing. Compared with single-grade threshing, formula threshing can achieve quality complementarity of tobacco leaves with different characteristics, improve the ability to use raw materials, expand the scale of modules, and ensure the stability of cigarette formulas. However, for tobacco leaves with low product applicability, it is difficult to achieve complementary improvement of tobacco leaf quality by relying solely on formula design.

[0003] In this regard, cigarette industry enterprises mostly use biological fermentation or adding chemical liquid methods to improve the quality of related tobacco leaves. CN111972694 discloses a method for treating threshing and re-baking tobacco leaves, by spraying a composite enzyme solution on the tobacco leaves after the leaf stems are separated, and standing and fermenting for 20 to 100 hours under the conditions of temperature 30 to 60 ° C and humidity 40 to 90%, the sensory quality of the tobacco leaves after the composite enzyme catalyzes the decomposition of macromolecules such as cellulose, protein, and starch is improved. CN116019247A discloses a treatment method and a processing method for improving the quality of upper tobacco leaves, by adding a sugar solution to the upper tobacco leaves to improve the coordination of its chemical composition and smoking quality. However, since the quality defects of different tobacco leaves are not exactly the same, the above-mentioned non-personalized "one-pot" fermentation or feeding treatment for formula threshing tobacco leaves will result in limited improvement due to lack of pertinence. CN116250650A discloses a method for improving the quality of unsuitable tobacco leaves and its application, wherein the upper tobacco leaves and the middle and lower tobacco leaves after moisture recovery are mixed with biological enzymes independently and then alcoholized respectively, and then the alcoholized tobacco leaves are mixed for secondary moisture recovery, adding materials, and redrying to obtain finished products. This method only roughly classifies tobacco leaves according to their parts, and limits the tobacco producing areas, that is, the flexibility of the method is insufficient, and the alcoholization conditions after enzyme addition are temperature 42-46°C, relative humidity 68%-72%, and time 35-38h. This alcoholization or fermentation method has high energy consumption, and it is difficult to achieve large-scale continuous production when hardware facilities are limited. In addition, high temperature and high humidity treatment easily causes severe browning of tobacco leaves, and if it cannot be dried in time, it will also cause mildew loss, which is also a common deficiency of the method for treating tobacco leaves with biological fermentation. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a two-stage quality improvement method for threshed tobacco leaves, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned and other related purposes, the present invention provides a two-stage quality improvement method for threshed tobacco leaves, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] 1) Tobacco leaf quality evaluation: the quality of the blended threshed tobacco leaves was evaluated and compared with the high-quality original tobacco leaves from the same origin, and the relative difference percentage △ of each index used for quality evaluation was obtained;

[0007] 2) Grouping: according to the relative difference percentage △ of each index, the raw tobacco leaves in step 1) are grouped by cluster analysis;

[0008] 3) Personalized processing: Analyze each indicator one by one according to the following process:

[0009] 31) The indicators with significant differences among the groups obtained in step 2) and with inter-group ranges greater than 15% are determined as candidate difference indicators;

[0010] 32) Determine the group that needs personalized treatment based on the nature of the alternative difference indicators,

[0011] If it is a positive indicator, individual treatment is given to the group whose relative difference percentage is lower than that of other groups;

[0012] If it is a negative indicator, the group with a higher relative difference percentage than other groups will be personalized;

[0013] If it is a neutral indicator, the group whose absolute value of the relative difference percentage |△| is higher than that of other groups will be personalized;

[0014] 33) No personalized treatment is performed on groups that do not contain personalized treatment indicators;

[0015] 4) Common treatment: The tobacco leaves that have undergone personalized treatment are combined with the tobacco leaves that have not undergone personalized treatment, and then all the combined threshed tobacco leaves are subjected to common quality improvement treatment to obtain improved quality tobacco leaves.

[0016] The present invention also provides application of the two-stage quality improvement treatment method for threshed tobacco leaves with the formula in improving the quality of tobacco leaves.

[0017] The present invention also provides a quality-improved tobacco leaf, which is prepared by the two-stage quality-improving treatment method for the threshed tobacco leaf with the above formula.

[0018] As described above, the two-stage quality improvement method of the threshed tobacco leaves of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The present invention provides a two-stage quality improvement method for threshed tobacco leaves. The first stage is based on the analysis and classification of the quality defects of the raw tobacco. High-activity liquid is combined with gas conditioning and maintenance technology to perform personalized quality improvement treatments on different raw tobaccos in the threshing formula at room temperature. This treatment method makes full use of the storage period and natural accumulated temperature of the raw tobacco before feeding and processing. Compared with the high-temperature and high-humidity fermentation treatment in the prior art, it greatly reduces the energy consumption demand of the reaction process and avoids the problem of browning of tobacco leaves caused by high temperature and high humidity. In addition, the present invention avoids the direct mixing of multiple liquids and the possible non-synergistic effects in the traditional "one-pot" treatment, thereby achieving economical use of liquids and reducing cost investment.

[0020] (2) The present invention provides a two-stage quality improvement method for threshed tobacco leaves. In the second stage, a high-efficiency common quality improvement liquid is added to all the leaf stems of the threshing formula after separation, and the liquid is combined with the leaf storage process before redrying to allow the liquid to fully penetrate and react, thereby ensuring continuous production after threshing and feeding, and improving production efficiency and product quality stability. Compared with conventional quality improvement treatment, the present invention avoids pauses and waiting time in production while ensuring the quality improvement effect, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the production line. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Shown is a flow chart of a two-stage quality improvement method for threshed tobacco leaves according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It shows a flow chart of personalized processing and determination of each quality evaluation index in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 Shown is a diagram of clustering results of leaf-threshing tobacco leaves grouped according to recipe of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 Shown is a diagram of clustering results of leaf-threshing tobacco leaves grouped according to recipe of Example 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention first provides a two-stage quality improvement method for threshed tobacco leaves, the method comprising the following steps:

[0026] 1) Tobacco leaf quality evaluation: the quality of the blended threshed tobacco leaves was evaluated and compared with the high-quality original tobacco leaves from the same origin, and the relative difference percentage △ of each index used for quality evaluation was obtained;

[0027] 2) Grouping: using cluster analysis to group the raw tobacco leaves in step 1) according to the relative difference percentage of each index;

[0028] 3) Personalized processing: Analyze each indicator one by one according to the following process:

[0029] 31) The indicators with significant differences among the groups obtained in step 2) and with inter-group ranges greater than 15% are determined as candidate difference indicators;

[0030] 32) Determine the indicators that need to be personalized based on the nature of the alternative difference indicators.

[0031] If it is a positive indicator, individual treatment is given to the group whose relative difference percentage is lower than that of other groups;

[0032] If it is a negative indicator, the group with a higher relative difference percentage than other groups will be personalized;

[0033] If it is a neutral indicator, the group whose absolute value of the relative difference percentage |△| is higher than that of other groups will be personalized;

[0034] 33) No personalized treatment is performed on groups that do not contain personalized treatment indicators;

[0035] 4) Common treatment: The tobacco leaves that have undergone personalized treatment are combined with the tobacco leaves that have not undergone personalized treatment, and then all the combined threshed tobacco leaves are subjected to common quality improvement treatment to obtain improved quality tobacco leaves.

[0036] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 1), the composition of the blended threshed tobacco leaves is designed and determined by the user based on functional positioning, disposal requirements, and processing feasibility.

[0037] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 1), the indicators used for quality evaluation are chemical components in tobacco leaves.

[0038] Specifically, the chemical components are selected from one or more of total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, potassium, chlorine, protein, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, pigment, polyphenol, flavor component or harmful component.

[0039] More specifically, the aroma components include solanone, β-ionone, benzyl alcohol, neophytadiene and / or dihydroactin, etc., and the harmful components include phenol, nitrosamines and / or pesticide residues, etc.

[0040] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 1), the relative difference percentage Δ is calculated by the following formula:

[0041] △=(AB) / B×100%

[0042] Among them, A represents the content of a certain indicator in the raw tobacco leaves that make up the formula for threshing; B represents the content of the same indicator in high-quality raw tobacco leaves from the same origin.

[0043] Taking starch as an example, the starch content in raw tobacco leaves from origin A is A, and the starch content in high-quality raw tobacco leaves from origin A is B, then △ 淀粉 =(AB) / B×100%.

[0044] The relative difference percentage △ indicates the relative difference between the content of a certain index in the raw tobacco leaves that make up the formula threshing and the content of the same index in the high-quality raw tobacco leaves from the same origin, and is used to indicate the difference between the two. The relative difference percentage △ can quantify the difference between the tobacco leaves that make up the formula threshing and the high-quality tobacco leaves from the same origin in a certain index, thereby evaluating and comparing the quality of the tobacco leaves.

[0045] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 2), the cluster analysis is a hierarchical clustering method.

[0046] The systematic clustering method is a commonly used systematic clustering method, a method of cluster analysis. The method is to treat each sample as a class at the beginning, then cluster the closest samples (i.e. the group with the smallest distance) into small classes, and then merge the clustered small classes according to their inter-class distances, and continue to do so, and finally aggregate all subclasses into one large class.

[0047] Furthermore, the system clustering method is implemented by using the existing SPSS software.

[0048] Specifically, in the SPSS software, click the dialog boxes [Analysis] - [Classification] - [System Clustering] in sequence, use the relative difference percentage of the indicators obtained in step 1) as the input variable, select "Inter-group linkage" as the clustering method in the dialog box [Method], select "Square Euclidean distance" as the measurement, and select "Z score" as the conversion value; check [Pedigree chart] in the dialog box [Chart], and the results with a distance in the range of 10 to 20 after rescaling form an original cigarette group.

[0049] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 3), the inter-group range refers to the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value among each group.

[0050] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 3), each group contains one or more indicators for personalized processing.

[0051] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 3), each indicator in tobacco is divided into positive indicators, negative indicators and neutral indicators according to their properties.

[0052] Specifically, the positive index refers to an index that is determined based on common sense in the field or experimental requirements and whose content in tobacco leaves should be high to meet the requirements, that is, the content of the index should not be too low, such as total sugar, reducing sugar or aroma components in chemical composition. The aroma components include solanone, β-ionone, benzyl alcohol, neophytadiene or dihydroactinolide.

[0053] The negative indicators refer to indicators that should be lower in tobacco leaves to meet the demand according to common sense in the field or experimental requirements, that is, the content of the indicators should not be too high, such as starch, pectin, fiber, protein, total nitrogen, chlorine or harmful components in chemical composition. The harmful components include phenol, nitrosamines or pesticide residues.

[0054] The neutral index refers to an index determined based on common knowledge in the field or experimental requirements, the content of which in tobacco leaves should not be too high or too low, such as nicotine in the chemical composition.

[0055] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 3), if there are more than two kinds of original tobacco leaves in a group, the relative difference percentage △ is the average value of the relative difference percentage △ of the indicator of all tobacco leaves in the group.

[0056] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 3), the personalized treatment is to apply a personalized quality improvement liquid. There is no antagonistic effect between the components of the personalized quality improvement liquid.

[0057] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the personalized quality-improving liquid is a combination of one or more of a biological enzyme preparation, a microbial agent, and a chemical reagent that improves the content of a certain index. For example, when the goal is to degrade protein, the biological enzyme preparation is an acid protease; when the goal is to degrade nicotine and starch, the microbial agent is Arthrobacter nicotianae bacterial liquid; when the goal is to degrade pectin and starch, the microbial agent is Bacillus tequilensis.

[0058] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the Arthrobacter nicotianae bacterial liquid is a commercial bacterial liquid.

[0059] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the Bacillus tequilensis is a commercial bacterial agent. Bacillus tequilensis can produce a variety of enzymes such as amylase, protease, lipase, etc. and has a certain antifungal effect.

[0060] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the biological enzyme preparation, microbial agent or chemical agent is a food-grade biological enzyme preparation, microbial agent or chemical agent.

[0061] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the personalized treatment is 20-35° C. The temperature of the personalized treatment is selected from any of the following ranges: 20° C.-25° C., 25° C.-30° C., 30° C.-35° C.

[0062] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is adjusted to 14-22% before the personalized treatment. The moisture content of the tobacco leaves is adjusted to any of the following ranges: 14-16%, 16-18%, 18-20%, 20-22%.

[0063] In certain embodiments of the present invention, if the moisture content of the tobacco leaves does not meet the standard, the tobacco leaves are further subjected to pre-treatment. Specifically, if the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is lower than 14-22%, a rehydration treatment is performed; if the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is higher than 14-22%, a dehydration treatment is performed.

[0064] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the personalized treatment time is 2 to 30 days. The personalized treatment time is greatly affected by temperature and moisture.

[0065] In certain embodiments of the present invention, it also includes performing controlled atmosphere storage on the individually treated groups and performing natural storage on the non-individualized treated groups.

[0066] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the atmosphere-controlled storage and curing may be nitrogen-filled with reference to YC / T 300 "Natural Aging Method for Storage and Curing of Tobacco Strips", or may be atmosphere-controlled with a controlled atmosphere agent with reference to YC / T 322 "Technical Specifications for Storage and Curing of Tobacco Strips".

[0067] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the atmosphere-controlled curing storage is 20°C to 35°C, which ensures the reaction rate of the individual quality-improving liquid while avoiding browning or carbonization of the original tobacco. The temperature of the atmosphere-controlled curing storage is selected from any of the following ranges: 20°C to 25°C, 25°C to 30°C, and 30°C to 35°C.

[0068] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the relative humidity of the atmosphere-controlled curing storage is 55% to 65% to maintain the moisture required for the reaction of the individual quality-improving liquid. The relative humidity of the atmosphere-controlled curing storage is selected from any of the following ranges: 55% to 60%, 60% to 65%.

[0069] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the atmosphere-controlled curing and storage process further includes adding a mold inhibitor or setting the oxygen concentration to be lower than 2% to inhibit the growth of mold and insect pests and the browning of raw tobacco.

[0070] The mold inhibitor is a commercial mold inhibitor, such as natamycin solution.

[0071] In certain embodiments of the present invention, natural storage refers to storage and curing in a conventional manner, specifically referring to GB / T23220.1 "Tobacco Leaf Storage and Preservation Methods Part 1: Raw Tobacco".

[0072] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 4), the whole tobacco leaves are processed before the common quality improvement treatment to obtain tobacco leaves with separated leaf stems.

[0073] Specifically, the processing includes vacuum conditioning, premixing, leaf moistening, impurity removal, leaf threshing, etc. The processing technology is carried out in accordance with the tobacco industry standards YC / T 146 "Technical Specifications for Threshing and Redrying of Tobacco Leaves" and YC / T 147 "Quality Requirements for Threshed Tobacco Leaves".

[0074] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 4), common quality improvement processing is performed on some or all indicators based on the results of the personalized processing in step 3).

[0075] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 4), the common upgrading treatment is applying a common upgrading liquid.

[0076] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the common quality-improving liquid is one or a combination of biological enzyme preparations, microbial agents, and chemical reagents that improve the content of a certain index. For example, when the goal is to supplement the sugar content, the chemical reagent is a glucose solution; when the goal is to degrade starch, pectin, cellulose, and protein, the biological enzyme preparation is a composite enzyme preparation containing amylase, pectinase, cellulase, hemicellulase, glucanase, and neutral protease.

[0077] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the biological enzyme preparation, microbial agent or chemical preparation is a food-grade safe biological enzyme preparation, microbial agent or chemical preparation.

[0078] In certain embodiments of the present invention, in step 4), the time of the common quality improvement treatment is 0.5 to 4 hours to ensure production continuity. The time of the common quality improvement treatment is selected from any of the following ranges: 0.5 to 1 hour, 1 to 1.5 hours, 1.5 to 2 hours, 2 to 2.5 hours, 2.5 to 3 hours, 3 to 3.5 hours, 3.5 to 4 hours.

[0079] In certain embodiments of the present invention, step 4) further comprises post-processing the obtained improved tobacco leaves.

[0080] In certain embodiments of the present invention, the post-processing is to re-roast and package the improved tobacco leaves obtained in step 4) to obtain the finished improved tobacco leaves.

[0081] In certain embodiments of the present invention, redrying and packaging are performed in accordance with tobacco industry standards YC / T 146 "Technical Specifications for Threshing and Redrying of Tobacco Leaves" and YC / T 147 "Quality Requirements for Threshed Tobacco Leaves".

[0082] The present invention also provides application of the two-stage quality improvement treatment method for threshed tobacco leaves with the formula in improving the quality of tobacco leaves.

[0083] The present invention also provides a quality-improved tobacco leaf, which is prepared by the two-stage quality-improving treatment method for the threshed tobacco leaf with the above formula.

[0084] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0085] Before further describing the specific embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described below; it should also be understood that the terms used in the examples of the present invention are for describing the specific embodiments rather than for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention; in the present specification and claims, unless otherwise expressly stated herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural forms.

[0086] When the embodiments give numerical ranges, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specified in the present invention, both endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints can be selected. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. In addition to the specific methods, equipment, and materials used in the embodiments, according to the grasp of the prior art by those skilled in the art and the record of the present invention, any methods, equipment, and materials of the prior art similar or equivalent to the methods, equipment, and materials described in the embodiments of the present invention can also be used to realize the present invention.

[0087] The "non-high-quality tobacco leaves" described in Example 1 and Implementation 2 are tobacco leaves that are threshed in a formula.

[0088] Example 1

[0089] According to the test requirements, a non-high-quality tobacco leaf threshing formula was designed, as shown in Table 1:

[0090] Table 1 Composition of threshing formula for non-high-quality tobacco leaves

[0091] Origin grade Weight ratio Origin 1 T 20％ Origin 2 T 20％ Origin 3 T 15％ Origin 4 T 15％ Origin 5 T 15％ Origin 6 T 15％

[0092] Raw tobacco samples of various origins and high-quality raw tobacco samples of corresponding origins were selected to test the contents of starch, pectin, cellulose and protein, and the comparison results are shown in Table 2. Compared with high-quality raw tobacco leaves, the chemical composition characteristics of non-high-quality raw tobacco leaves are: starch, pectin, cellulose and protein contents are all higher, but the degree of higher content varies from place to place.

[0093] The four chemical components of starch, pectin, cellulose and protein were chosen for testing because these four components are the main targets of tobacco leaf quality improvement.

[0094] Table 2 Chemical composition content of tobacco leaves in a non-high-quality tobacco leaf threshing formula

[0095]

[0096] Note: △ = (non-high quality - high quality) / high quality × 100%; Pectin and cellulose are detected by absorbance-standard solution method, and the values ​​here are test values, which have not been converted into the content in tobacco leaves.

[0097] Based on the relative difference percentages of starch, pectin, cellulose and protein, a systematic cluster analysis was conducted. The specific steps are as follows:

[0098] SPSS software was used to perform systematic cluster analysis. Click the dialog box [Analysis]-[Classification]-[Systematic Clustering] in turn, and use the relative difference percentage of the four indicators as the input variable. In the dialog box [Method], select "Inter-group Linkage" for clustering method, select "Square Euclidean Distance" for measurement, and select "Z Score" for conversion value; check [Pedigree Chart] in the dialog box [Chart], and form a raw tobacco group according to the distance of 12 after rescaling in the results. The six raw tobacco leaves were divided into two groups by cluster analysis algorithm: Group 1 includes origin 1-T, origin 3-T, origin 5-T, and origin 6-T, with a formula accounting for 65%; Group 2 includes origin 2-T and 4-T, with a formula accounting for 35%.

[0099] According to the relative difference percentage in Table 2, the mean value and standard deviation (SD) of the relative difference percentage of each index of all original cigarettes in each group were calculated respectively, and the one-way analysis of variance was used to compare whether there were significant differences in each index between the groups. For the indexes with significant differences, the range between the groups was calculated, as shown in Table 3:

[0100] Table 3 Comparison results of various indicators in two groups of tobacco leaves with a non-high-quality tobacco leaf threshing formula

[0101]

[0102] Note: If there is a significant difference, it will be marked with a, b, c... from large to small; if there is no significant difference, the same letter will be indicated. Taking starch as an example, the first group is marked with b, and the second group is marked with a, then the second group △ 淀粉 Significantly greater than group 1 淀粉 .

[0103] Analyze each indicator one by one:

[0104] Starch: There is a significant difference between the groups, and the range between the groups is greater than 15%. Therefore, starch is determined to be an alternative difference indicator. Since starch is a negative indicator, its content in tobacco leaves should not be too high. 淀粉 The group that was higher than the other groups was given personalized treatment, i.e., the starch in group 2 was degraded.

[0105] Pectin: There are significant differences between the groups, and the range between the groups is greater than 15%. Therefore, pectin is determined as an alternative difference indicator. Since pectin is a negative indicator, its content in tobacco leaves should not be too high. 果胶 One group that was higher than the other groups was given personalized treatment, i.e., the pectin in group 2 was degraded.

[0106] Fiber: No significant differences were found between groups, so no individualization was required.

[0107] Protein: No significant differences were found between groups, so no individualization was required.

[0108] In summary, personalized treatment was carried out for starch and pectin in Group 2, and then storage was carried out under controlled atmosphere after treatment; all indicators in Group 1 did not need personalized treatment and were directly stored conventionally.

[0109] For Group 2: Bacillus tequila (Bacillus tequilensis) (Standard Material Center Network, product number BNCC357969, product ID number 95447) can produce a variety of enzymes such as amylase, protease, lipase, etc. and has a certain antifungal effect. Bacillus tequilensis was cultured to the logarithmic growth period and then sprayed on the surface of the second group of raw tobacco. After adding the raw tobacco, it was moist and soft, with a moisture content of about 20%, and was put into a plastic bag without tying the mouth.

[0110] For the first group of original cigarettes: no personalized processing, just put them directly into plastic bags.

[0111] Then, the second group of raw tobacco after adding materials was subjected to atmosphere conditioning and curing, with an oxygen concentration of 18% and a relative humidity of 60% to ensure the survival and growth of Bacillus tequilensis. After 14 days of storage, the color of the tobacco leaves slightly deepened, without odor or mildew, and both starch and pectin indicators were degraded (Table 4).

[0112] The unadded raw tobacco of the first group was stored naturally.

[0113] Table 4 Degradation rate of each index of the original cigarette of the second recipe after personalized treatment (%)

[0114] Group tobacco leaf starch Pectin Group 2 2-T 45.70±0.04 53.24±0.02 Group 2 4-T 25.74±0.03 11.76±1.54

[0115] The moisture content of the first group of raw tobacco is adjusted to 18% by vacuum conditioning, and the raw tobacco of the second group is mixed with the raw tobacco according to the formula ratio, and the leaves are beaten to obtain tobacco sheets after the leaves and stems are separated.

[0116] Common treatment: Since starch, pectin, cellulose and protein are all negative indicators, their content in tobacco should not be too high. Therefore, the common quality improvement treatment goal is to further decompose starch, pectin, cellulose and protein. Spray the obtained leaf stalk separated tobacco strips with a composite enzyme preparation (containing α-amylase, pectinase, acid cellulase, hemicellulase, β-glucanase, neutral protease, α-amylase, acid cellulase, hemicellulase, β-glucanase purchased from Su Kehan ​​(Weifang) Bioengineering Co., Ltd., neutral protease and pectinase purchased from Nanning Dongheng Huadao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), the temperature after adding the material is ≥40°C, the moisture is about 22%, and the tobacco strips are put into tobacco cages.

[0117] The tobacco slices and smoke cages were placed in a fermentation room and reacted for 3 hours at a temperature of 40°C and a relative humidity of 80%.

[0118] Finally, referring to the standards YC / T 146 "Technical Specifications for Threshing and Re-drying of Tobacco Leaves" and YC / T 147 "Quality Requirements for Threshed Tobacco Leaves", the stored tobacco leaves are transported to the leaf storage cabinet before re-drying in sequence for re-drying and packaging to obtain finished quality-improved tobacco leaves.

[0119] The sensory quality of the finished improved tobacco strips and the tobacco strips obtained from the control group without the addition treatment was evaluated. The tobacco strips treated by the method of the present invention showed that the aroma amount increased, the impurities decreased, the aroma quality and aftertaste improved, the strength decreased slightly, the irritation became slightly worse, but the total score of the sensory quality increased (Table 5).

[0120] Table 5 Changes in sensory quality of a non-high-quality threshing formula tobacco leaves after quality improvement

[0121] sample Fragrance Aroma volume Miscellaneous gas Momentum Irritant Aftertaste Total score Comparison 5.50 5.28 5.45 5.43 5.90 5.80 27.93 Improve quality 5.75 5.80 5.92 5.20 5.75 5.98 29.19

[0122] Note: The higher the scores of the five individual items, namely, aroma quality, aroma quantity, impurities, irritation and aftertaste, the better the sensory quality. The sum of the scores of the five individual items is the total quality score. The score of "strength" only indicates the size of the strength, not the quality.

[0123] Example 2

[0124] According to the quality of purchased tobacco leaves and usage requirements, the threshing formula for non-high-quality tobacco leaves is designed, as shown in Table 6:

[0125] Table 6 Composition of threshing formula for non-high-quality tobacco leaves

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] The raw tobacco samples of various grades from different origins and high-quality raw tobacco samples from corresponding origins were tested to determine the contents of nicotine, total nitrogen, protein, total sugar, reducing sugar and starch in the raw tobacco (Table 7).

[0129]

[0130] A systematic cluster analysis was conducted based on the relative difference percentages of the six indicators of nicotine, total nitrogen, protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, and starch. The specific steps are as follows:

[0131] SPSS software was used to perform systematic cluster analysis. Click the dialog box [Analysis]-[Classification]-[Systematic Clustering] in turn. The relative difference percentages of the above six indicators were used as input variables. In the dialog box [Method], the clustering method selected "Intergroup Linkage", the measurement selected "Square Euclidean Distance", and the conversion value selected "Z Score"; in the dialog box [Chart], check [Pedigree Chart], and the results are rescaled to form a raw tobacco group with a distance of 10. The six raw tobacco leaves were divided into three groups by cluster analysis algorithm: Group 1: Origin 2-A, Origin 4-C, Origin 6-C; Group 2: Origin 4-B, Origin 5-B, Origin 6-B; Group 3: Origin 1-A, Origin 3-A, Origin 5-C.

[0132] According to the relative difference percentage of each index in Table 7, the mean value and standard deviation (SD) of the relative difference percentage of each index of all original cigarettes in each group were calculated respectively, and the one-way analysis of variance was used to determine whether there were significant differences in each index between the groups. For the indexes with significant differences, the range between the groups was calculated, as shown in Table 8:

[0133] Table 8 Comparison results of various indicators in three groups of tobacco leaves with a non-high-quality tobacco leaf threshing formula

[0134]

[0135] Note: If there is a significant difference, it will be marked with a, b, c... from large to small; if there is no significant difference, the same letter will be indicated. Taking nicotine as an example, the first group is marked with b and the second group is marked with a. It is considered that the first group is △ 烟碱 Significantly smaller than group 2 烟碱 .

[0136] Analyze each indicator one by one:

[0137] Nicotine: There is a significant difference between the groups, and the range between the groups is greater than 15%, so nicotine is determined to be an alternative difference indicator. Since nicotine is a neutral indicator, the content in tobacco should not be too high or too low, so the group with |△| greater than the other groups is treated individually, that is, the nicotine in the second group is degraded.

[0138] Total nitrogen: There were significant differences among the groups, but the range between groups was <15%, so no personalized treatment was required.

[0139] Protein: There is a significant difference between the groups, and the range between the groups is greater than 15%. Therefore, protein is determined as an alternative difference indicator. Since protein is a negative indicator, the content in tobacco leaves should not be too high. 蛋白质 The group with higher levels than the other groups was given personalized treatment, i.e., the proteins in group 2 were treated for degradation.

[0140] Total sugar: There were significant differences between the groups, but the range between the groups was <15%, so no personalized treatment was required.

[0141] Reducing sugar: There were significant differences between the groups, but the range between the groups was <15%, so no personalized treatment was required.

[0142] Starch: There is a significant difference between the groups, and the range between the groups is greater than 15%. Therefore, starch is determined to be an alternative difference indicator. Since starch is a negative indicator, its content in tobacco leaves should not be too high. 淀粉 The group that was higher than the other groups was given personalized treatment, i.e., the starch in group 2 was degraded.

[0143] In summary, the indicator that needs to be personalized in Group 1 is protein, the indicators that need to be personalized in Group 2 are nicotine and starch, and Group 3 does not contain any indicators that need to be personalized.

[0144] For the first group of raw tobacco, personalized modification was carried out with the goal of degrading protein. Acid protease (Dongheng Huadao, 50,000 u / g, optimum temperature 30-40°C) was sprayed on the raw tobacco using a loose rehumidification roller, with an addition amount of 2g / kg tobacco leaves. The moisture content of the raw tobacco after adding was controlled to be 20% and the temperature to be 35°C. After adding, the raw tobacco was loaded into tobacco cages, with 300kg per cage.

[0145] For the second group of raw tobacco, personalized modification was carried out with the goal of degrading nicotine and starch. The raw tobacco was sprayed with Arthrobacter nicotianae bacterial solution (Standard Material Center Network, product number C23710, product ID number 64122) using a loose rehydration roller (Arthrobacter nicotianae has the ability to degrade nicotine and starch, 10 8 The addition amount is 20ml / kg tobacco leaf, and the moisture content of the original tobacco leaf is controlled to be 20% and the temperature is 35°C after adding the materials. After adding the materials, the original tobacco leaf is loaded into the tobacco cage, with 150kg per cage, and the original tobacco leaf is kept loose and breathable.

[0146] For the third group of raw tobacco, no personalized processing is done and the raw tobacco is put into tobacco cages, with each cage weighing 400kg.

[0147] The first group of tobacco leaves after adding materials are subjected to low oxygen and moisture controlled curing, and the oxygen concentration in the sealed pile is controlled to be less than 2%, so as to inhibit the growth of mold through low oxygen. Since the protease catalytic reaction only involves hydrolysis, the relative humidity in the sealed pile is controlled at 63% to ensure that the original tobacco is in a moist state, which is conducive to the hydrolysis reaction.

[0148] The second group of raw tobacco after adding materials was subjected to oxygen and moisture control maintenance. Since the bacterial liquid of Arthrobacternicotianae is an aerobic microorganism and the nicotine degradation process consumes oxygen, the oxygen concentration in the sealed pile was controlled at 21% to ensure the growth of Arthrobacternicotianae and nicotine degradation. Since the protease and amylase catalytic reactions involve hydrolysis, the relative humidity in the sealed pile was controlled at 63% to ensure that the raw tobacco was in a moist state, which was conducive to the survival of Arthrobacternicotianae and the hydrolysis reaction.

[0149] The third group of raw tobacco without any added materials is stored naturally. During the process, attention is paid to the moisture, insect infestation, and mildew conditions of the raw tobacco. If necessary, corresponding measures are taken to avoid damage to the raw tobacco.

[0150] The above tobacco leaves were placed in a common warehouse of the redrying plant, and the ambient temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration were recorded during the raw tobacco processing from August to late October. No insect pests or mildew were found during manual inspection during the process (Table 9).

[0151] Table 9 Daily average values ​​of storage environment indicators and moisture content of raw tobacco before processing

[0152]

[0153] Comparing the changes in the chemical composition of the original tobacco before and after storage with added materials, it can be seen that the suitability of the target chemical composition of each group has been improved, and the color of the original tobacco has not been significantly deepened, and the original color has been well maintained (Table 10).

[0154] Table 10 Changes in chemical composition of a non-high-quality threshing formula tobacco leaves before and after storage

[0155]

[0156] Note: δ = content in tobacco leaves after storage - content in original tobacco leaves.

[0157] In order to balance the difference in moisture content between groups, the third group of raw tobacco was first subjected to vacuum conditioning to adjust its moisture content to more than 18%. Then, it was added to the first and second groups of raw tobacco according to the formula ratio. After balancing in the premix cabinet for 1.5 hours, the leaves were moistened at a low intensity until the moisture content was 20%. The leaves were threshed according to normal processing parameters to obtain tobacco leaves after leaf stem separation. The quality control of the processing process was carried out in accordance with the standard YC / T 147 "Quality Requirements for Threshed Tobacco Leaves".

[0158] Next, the common quality improvement treatment was carried out. The obtained tobacco strips were conveyed to the feeding drum. Since the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar in the three groups were all low, reducing sugar and total sugar were positive indicators. Therefore, a 50% glucose solution was sprayed, and the addition amount was 20g / kg tobacco strips. The moisture content of the tobacco strips after feeding was controlled to be 23%.

[0159] The tobacco leaves after adding materials are transported to the leaf storage cabinet before redrying and stored for 2 hours to complete the absorption of glucose solution.

[0160] Finally, referring to the standards YC / T 146 "Technical Specifications for Threshing and Re-drying of Tobacco Leaves" and YC / T 147 "Quality Requirements for Threshed Tobacco Leaves", the stored tobacco leaves are re-dried and packaged to obtain finished quality-improved tobacco leaves.

[0161] The sensory quality of the finished improved tobacco strips and the tobacco strips obtained from the control group without the addition treatment was evaluated. The tobacco strips treated by the method of the present invention showed that the aroma quality was improved, the aroma volume was increased, the impurities and irritation were reduced, the aftertaste was improved, the strength was reduced, and the total sensory quality score was greatly improved (Table 11).

[0162] Table 11 Changes in sensory quality of a non-high-quality threshing formula tobacco leaves after quality improvement

[0163] sample Fragrance Aroma volume Miscellaneous gas Momentum Irritant Aftertaste Total score Comparison 5.47 5.66 5.40 5.66 5.68 5.66 27.87 Improve quality 5.90 5.98 5.74 5.44 5.82 5.80 29.24

[0164] Note: The higher the scores of the five individual items, namely, aroma quality, aroma quantity, impurities, irritation and aftertaste, the better the sensory quality. The sum of the scores of the five individual items is the total quality score. The score of "strength" only indicates the size of the strength, not the quality.

[0165] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide a two-stage quality improvement method for formula threshed tobacco leaves, which effectively improves the sensory quality of the finished tobacco leaves by analyzing the quality defects of the raw tobacco and individualizing the grouped raw tobacco leaves and improving the common quality of the threshed tobacco leaves, while avoiding browning and increasing the available value of the finished tobacco leaves.

[0166] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

[0167] The above examples are for the purpose of illustrating the embodiments disclosed by the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, the various modifications listed herein and the variations of the methods in the invention are obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Although the present invention has been specifically described in conjunction with various specific preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention should not be limited to these specific embodiments. In fact, various modifications as described above that are obvious to those skilled in the art to obtain the invention should be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A two-stage quality improvement method for threshed tobacco leaves, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Tobacco leaf quality evaluation: the quality of the blended threshed tobacco leaves was evaluated and compared with the high-quality original tobacco leaves from the same origin, and the relative difference percentage △ of each index used for quality evaluation was obtained; 2) Grouping: according to the relative difference percentage △ of each index, the raw tobacco leaves in step 1) are grouped by cluster analysis; 3) Personalized processing: Analyze each indicator one by one according to the following process: 31) The indicators with significant differences among the groups obtained in step 2) and with inter-group ranges greater than 15% are determined as candidate difference indicators; 32) Determine the group that needs personalized treatment based on the nature of the alternative difference indicators, If it is a positive indicator, the group with a relative difference percentage △ lower than other groups will be personalized; If it is a negative indicator, the group with a relative difference percentage △ higher than other groups will be personalized; If it is a neutral indicator, the group whose absolute value of the relative difference percentage |△| is higher than that of other groups will be personalized; 33) No personalized treatment is performed on groups that do not contain personalized treatment indicators; 4) Common treatment: The tobacco leaves that have undergone personalized treatment are combined with the tobacco leaves that have not undergone personalized treatment, and then all the combined threshed tobacco leaves are subjected to common quality improvement treatment to obtain improved quality tobacco leaves.

2. The two-stage quality improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the indicators used for quality evaluation are chemical components in tobacco leaves.

3. The two-stage quality improvement method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The chemical components are selected from one or more of total sugar, reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, potassium, chlorine, protein, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, pigment, polyphenol, flavor component or harmful component.

4. The two-stage quality improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), the relative difference percentage Δ is calculated by the following formula: △=(AB) / B×100% Among them, A represents the content of a certain index in the raw tobacco leaves that make up the formula threshing; B represents the content of the same index in high-quality raw tobacco leaves from the same origin; And / or, in step 2), the cluster analysis is a systematic clustering method; preferably, the systematic clustering method is performed by SPSS software; more preferably, the original cigarettes with a distance within a range of 10 to 20 after rescaling are selected as the same cluster group.

5. The two-stage quality improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), any one or more of the following conditions are included: a) Each group contains one or more indicators for personalized processing; b) If there are more than two kinds of original tobacco leaves in a group, the relative difference percentage △ is the average value of the relative difference percentage △ of the index of all tobacco leaves in the group; c) The personalized treatment is to apply a personalized quality-enhancing liquid; preferably, the personalized quality-enhancing liquid is one or a combination of biological enzyme preparations, microbial agents, and chemical reagents; d) The temperature for personalized treatment is 20-35°C; e) Adjust the moisture content of tobacco leaves to 14-22% before individual processing; f) The time for personalized processing is 2 to 30 days.

6. The two-stage quality improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3) further includes performing controlled atmosphere storage for the personalized treated group and natural storage for the non-personalized treated group; preferably, the temperature of the controlled atmosphere storage is 20°C to 35°C; preferably, the relative humidity of the controlled atmosphere storage is 55% to 65%.

7. The two-stage quality improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4), any one or more of the following conditions are included: g) processing all tobacco leaves before the common quality improvement treatment to obtain tobacco leaves after the leaf stems are separated; h) Perform common quality improvement processing on some or all indicators based on the results of the personalized processing in step 3); i) The common quality improvement treatment is to apply a common quality improvement liquid; preferably, the common quality improvement liquid is one or a combination of biological enzyme preparations, microbial agents, and chemical reagents; j) The time for common quality improvement treatment is 0.5 to 4 hours.

8. The two-stage quality improvement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 4) further includes post-processing the improved tobacco leaves to obtain finished improved tobacco leaves; preferably, the post-processing is re-roasting and packaging the improved tobacco leaves.

9. Use of the two-stage quality improvement method for threshed tobacco leaves according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in improving the quality of tobacco leaves.

10. A tobacco leaf with improved quality, characterized in that: The improved tobacco leaves are prepared by the two-stage improving treatment method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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