Soil improvement fertilizer and application thereof in saline-alkali soil improvement

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses a soil improvement fertilizer and application thereof in saline-alkali soil improvement, a preparation method of the soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following steps: mixing cow dung, chicken manure and straw, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation to obtain an organic fertilizer; mixing soybean, corn and seaweed, performing enzyme catalysis treatment, and extracting to obtain an amino acid liquid fertilizer; soaking brown algae in hot water, filtering and concentrating to obtain a seaweed extract; uniformly mixing silicate minerals, natural gypsum powder, the organic fertilizer, the amino acid liquid fertilizer and the seaweed extract, and sequentially drying and crushing to obtain the soil improvement fertilizer. According to the soil improvement fertilizer disclosed by the invention, various components such as the organic fertilizer, the amino acid liquid fertilizer, the seaweed extract, the silicate minerals and the gypsum powder are meticulously proportioned, so that the soil fertility can be remarkably improved, the soil structure is optimized, the growth of plant root systems is promoted, the stress resistance of plants is enhanced, and the sustainable utilization of soil is improved for a long time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular to a soil improvement fertilizer and application thereof in improving saline-alkali soil. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous expansion of agricultural production and the increase in the degree of intensification, soil quality has gradually deteriorated, and problems such as soil acidification, salinization, and nutrient loss have become increasingly serious, leading to reduced crop yields and quality. Therefore, soil improvement has become an important means to improve agricultural sustainable development and crop production. Although the use of traditional chemical fertilizers can increase crop yields in the short term, long-term use will lead to soil degradation, environmental pollution, and a decline in the quality of agricultural products. In order to solve this problem, more and more research has begun to focus on the development of soil improvement fertilizers, which can not only improve soil fertility, but also improve soil structure, increase the organic matter content of the soil, and optimize the plant growth environment.

[0003] Existing soil improvement technologies include organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, mineral improvers and other types, but these technologies usually have problems such as low fertilizer efficiency, poor sustained effect, and large environmental impact. Especially in the process of soil improvement, how to improve soil quality while avoiding secondary pollution to the ecological environment has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently in the agricultural field. Therefore, the development of a new type of soil improvement fertilizer that can increase soil organic matter, improve nutrient supply, improve soil structure, and promote healthy plant growth has become an important direction of current soil improvement technology research. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention proposes a soil improving fertilizer and its application in saline-alkali soil improvement, aiming to provide a new type of soil improving fertilizer, which can effectively increase the organic matter content of soil and improve soil fertility, while improving soil structure, increasing soil permeability and water retention capacity, thereby improving the saline-alkali soil environment and promoting the healthy growth of plants.

[0005] The present invention provides a method for preparing a soil improving fertilizer, comprising:

[0006] Mix cow dung, chicken dung and straw for anaerobic fermentation to obtain organic fertilizer;

[0007] Soybeans, corn and seaweed are mixed and treated with enzymes, followed by extraction to obtain amino acid liquid fertilizer;

[0008] Soak the brown algae in water at 85-90°C for at least 3 hours, filter and concentrate to obtain a seaweed extract;

[0009] The silicate mineral, natural gypsum powder, the organic fertilizer, the amino acid liquid fertilizer and the seaweed extract are uniformly mixed and then dried and crushed in sequence to obtain the soil improving fertilizer.

[0010] Preferably, when cow dung, chicken dung and straw are mixed for anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation conditions are a temperature of 45-55° C., a humidity of 50%-60%, and a fermentation time of at least 3 weeks.

[0011] Preferably, the microorganisms used in anaerobic fermentation of cow dung, chicken dung and straw are thermophilic bacillus and yeast.

[0012] Preferably, the enzymes used when soybean, corn and seaweed are mixed for enzymatic treatment are papain and eucalyptus cellulase.

[0013] Preferably, the extraction conditions are 10-20°C, 5-10 MPa, the extraction liquid flow rate is 5 L / h, and the extraction time is at least 3 hours.

[0014] Preferably, the brown algae is soaked in hot water at 85-90° C. for at least 3 hours and then filtered and concentrated to a concentration of 40% to obtain the seaweed extract.

[0015] Preferably, the silicate mineral is bentonite.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the silicate mineral, natural gypsum powder, seaweed extract, organic fertilizer and amino acid liquid fertilizer is 8-12:2-4:0.2-1:1-3:0.2-1.

[0017] The present invention also provides a soil improving fertilizer, which is prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method.

[0018] The invention also proposes an application of the soil improving fertilizer in improving saline-alkali soil.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] Improve soil fertility: This soil improvement fertilizer is rich in organic matter and nutrients. It can significantly improve soil fertility by improving the soil's cation exchange capacity (CEC), increasing soil organic matter content, and increasing microbial activity, providing plants with sufficient and balanced nutrient supply and promoting crop growth.

[0021] Improve soil structure: The addition of organic fertilizer, silicate minerals (bentonite) and gypsum powder effectively improves the physical properties of the soil, enhances the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil, and avoids the occurrence of soil compaction. Especially in saline-alkali soil, gypsum powder can effectively reduce the alkalinity of the soil, improve the pH value of the soil, help improve the structure of saline-alkali soil, and increase the arableness of the soil.

[0022] Promote plant root growth: This soil improvement fertilizer contains seaweed extract, amino acids and other ingredients, which can promote the development of plant roots by regulating the level of growth hormone in plants. The healthy development of the root system enhances the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients, improves the plant's resistance to stress, and reduces plant growth obstacles.

[0023] Long-term improvement of soil ecological environment: The use of organic fertilizers can gradually restore the organic matter content of the soil, improve the soil microbial ecological environment, and enhance the biological activity of the soil. By increasing the number and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, it can promote nutrient circulation and inhibit the growth of harmful pathogens, thereby improving the long-term fertility and stability of the soil.

[0024] Enhance plant stress resistance: The plant hormones and nutrients in seaweed extracts and amino acid liquid fertilizers can enhance plant stress resistance, such as improving plant resistance to drought, disease, cold, etc. Especially under extreme climatic conditions, plants can better adapt to environmental changes and reduce the adverse effects caused by environmental changes.

[0025] Reduce environmental pollution: The organic components of this fertilizer can effectively reduce the soil's dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, thereby reducing chemical residues and water and soil pollution in the agricultural production process. At the same time, the use of compound fertilizers can also reduce the soil salinization problem caused by excessive use of traditional chemical fertilizers and reduce the negative impact on the ecological environment.

[0026] Promote crop yield and quality: Due to the combined effect of multiple ingredients in the fertilizer, this soil improvement fertilizer can not only improve soil fertility, but also improve crop yield and quality. Plants grow healthier and can increase photosynthesis efficiency, thereby increasing yield. At the same time, the improved soil environment also helps improve the flavor and nutritional content of crops.

[0027] Summary: The soil improvement fertilizer of the present invention can effectively improve soil fertility, improve soil structure, promote plant root growth, enhance plant stress resistance, and improve the sustainable utilization of soil in the long term by rationally combining organic fertilizer, amino acid liquid fertilizer, seaweed extract, silicate minerals and gypsum powder and other ingredients. At the same time, it can reduce environmental pollution, increase crop yield and quality, and has broad application prospects and good economic benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below. Although the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown below, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided in order to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to be able to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] 1. Organic fertilizer (decomposed cow dung, chicken dung, straw)

[0031] Source: Organic fertilizers are derived from natural agricultural by-products, including cow dung, chicken manure and straw in a weight ratio of 4:3:3. These materials are rich in organic matter and trace elements and are key ingredients for improving soil fertility.

[0032] Preparation process: Remove impurities from cow dung, chicken dung and straw to ensure that there are no plastics, metals and other non-degradable substances. Cut the raw materials into small pieces with a length of 3-5 cm to ensure uniformity. Use a special fermentation tank with a volume of 200 cubic meters. Add 10 thermophilic bacteria (thermophilic Bacillus) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) at the beginning of fermentation. 6 CFU / g, and activated carbon (10% by mass) is added to absorb harmful gases. During the fermentation period, the temperature is controlled at 45-55°C, the humidity is controlled at 50%-60%, and the fermentation time is 3 weeks. The raw materials are turned regularly to ensure uniform temperature.

[0033] 2. Preparation process of amino acid liquid fertilizer

[0034] Soybean, corn and seaweed raw materials with a weight ratio of 5:3:1 were cut into small pieces of 2-3 cm respectively and put into a reaction tank. Protease (papain) and cellulase (eucalyptus cellulase) were used in an amount of 2% of the weight of all raw materials.

[0035] After 24 hours of pretreatment at 20°C, low temperature and high pressure extraction was performed. The temperature of low temperature and high pressure extraction was 15±2°C, the pressure was 10MPa (controlled by a pressure reactor), the extraction time was 3 hours, and the flow rate of the extract was 5L / h.

[0036] The extract was filtered through a 0.5 μm filter to remove impurities. The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator to a target concentration of 15° Brix, and the pH was adjusted to 6.5 ± 0.2 using dilute hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solution.

[0037] 3. Processing of seaweed extract

[0038] Add 5L of hot water for every 1kg of brown algae, keep the hot water temperature at 85-90℃, and extract for 3 hours. After the extraction, use a 300-mesh filter to remove the residue, concentrate the extract to 40% concentration, and use an evaporator to avoid excessive temperature that may cause the growth factor to be destroyed.

[0039] 4. Addition of minerals and gypsum powder

[0040] The silicate mineral (bentonite) and natural gypsum powder are uniformly mixed and added to the seaweed extract, organic fertilizer and amino acid liquid fertilizer complex.

[0041] The mass ratio of silicate minerals, natural gypsum powder, seaweed extract, organic fertilizer and amino acid liquid fertilizer is 12:4:1:3:1.

[0042] Use a high-speed blender to mix for 30 minutes to ensure that the minerals are evenly dispersed. Silicate minerals can increase the cation exchange capacity of the soil, while gypsum powder helps adjust the soil pH and reduce the alkalinity of saline-alkali soils.

[0043] 5. Drying and crushing

[0044] Use a temperature-controlled drum dryer at 60°C, drying time of 6 hours, and target moisture content of 5%. The drying process needs to monitor moisture changes to ensure that the product is not over-dried due to low moisture, resulting in reduced fertilizer efficiency. Use a fine grinder to crush the dried compound fertilizer, with a target particle size of 0.2-1.0mm, and crush to obtain soil improvement fertilizer.

[0045] 6. Final product packaging and storage

[0046] Packaging: Use high-barrier plastic bags, which are vacuum-sealed to ensure long-term stability of the fertilizer. Each bag weighs 20kg, ensuring easy transportation and storage.

[0047] Storage: Store in a dry, cool place, avoid high temperature and moisture, the temperature should be controlled between 5-25℃, and the relative humidity should not exceed 60%.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] The specific preparation method is the same as that in Example 1, except that:

[0050] 1. Organic fertilizer (decomposed cow dung, chicken dung, straw)

[0051] 1. Source and ratio

[0052] Cow dung: 35%;

[0053] Chicken manure: 40%;

[0054] Straw: 25%.

[0055] 2. Preparation process

[0056] Raw material cleaning: remove impurities and ensure there are no plastics, metals and non-degradable substances.

[0057] Raw material cutting: Cut cow dung, chicken dung and straw into small pieces with a length of 4-6 cm.

[0058] Fermentation tank volume: 300 cubic meters.

[0059] Microbial addition: 1×10 thermophilic bacteria (Thermobacillus subtilis) and 1×10 yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were added at the beginning of fermentation. 6 CFU / g, and activated carbon (5% by mass) was added.

[0060] Fermentation conditions: temperature 50-60℃; humidity 55%-65%; fermentation time 2-3 weeks. Turn the raw materials regularly, once every 2 days.

[0061] 2. Preparation process of amino acid liquid fertilizer

[0062] 1. Raw material ratio

[0063] Soybeans: 40%;

[0064] Corn: 50%;

[0065] Seaweed: 10%.

[0066] 2. Enzyme catalysis

[0067] Protease (papain) and cellulase (eucalyptus cellulase) were used in an amount of 3% of the total mass of the raw materials.

[0068] Pretreatment temperature: 25°C, for 48 hours.

[0069] 3. Low temperature and high pressure extraction

[0070] Temperature: 15-25℃.

[0071] Pressure: 7-12MPa.

[0072] Duration: 2 hours.

[0073] Extraction liquid flow rate: 4L / h.

[0074] 3. Processing of seaweed extract

[0075] 1. Extraction ratio

[0076] Add 4L of hot water for every 1kg of brown algae.

[0077] 2. Extraction conditions

[0078] Temperature: 80-85℃.

[0079] Extraction time: 2 hours.

[0080] Concentrate concentration: 35%.

[0081] 4. Addition of minerals and gypsum powder

[0082] 1. Mineral ratio

[0083] The mass ratio of silicate mineral (bentonite), natural gypsum powder, seaweed extract, organic fertilizer and amino acid liquid fertilizer is 12:2:1:2:0.5.

[0084] 2. Mixing time

[0085] 25 minutes.

[0086] 5. Drying and crushing

[0087] Drying conditions: temperature 65°C; drying time 7 hours; target moisture content 6%; crushed particle size 0.5-1.5 mm.

[0088] Example 3

[0089] The specific preparation method is the same as that in Example 1, except that:

[0090] 1. Organic fertilizer (decomposed cow dung, chicken dung, straw)

[0091] 1. Source and ratio

[0092] Cow dung: 45%;

[0093] Chicken manure: 30%;

[0094] Straw: 25%.

[0095] 2. Preparation process

[0096] Raw material cleaning: remove impurities and ensure there are no plastics, metals and non-degradable substances.

[0097] Raw material cutting: Cut cow dung, chicken dung and straw into small pieces with a length of 2-4 cm.

[0098] Fermentation tank volume: 250 cubic meters.

[0099] Microbial addition: 1×10 thermophilic bacteria (Thermobacillus subtilis) and 1×10 yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were added at the beginning of fermentation. 6 CFU / g, and activated carbon (8% by mass) was added.

[0100] Fermentation conditions: temperature 48-58℃; humidity 52%-62%; fermentation time 3-4 weeks. Turn the raw materials regularly, once every 3 days.

[0101] 2. Preparation process of amino acid liquid fertilizer

[0102] 1. Raw material ratio

[0103] Soybeans: 30%;

[0104] Corn: 60%;

[0105] Seaweed: 10%.

[0106] 2. Enzyme catalysis

[0107] Protease (papain) and cellulase (eucalyptus cellulase) were used in an amount of 1.5% of the total mass of the raw materials.

[0108] Pretreatment temperature: 22°C, for 36 hours.

[0109] 3. Low temperature and high pressure extraction

[0110] Temperature: 12-22℃.

[0111] Pressure: 6-9MPa.

[0112] Duration: 2 hours.

[0113] Extraction liquid flow rate: 6L / h.

[0114] 3. Processing of seaweed extract

[0115] 1. Extraction ratio

[0116] Add 6L of hot water for every 1kg of brown algae.

[0117] 2. Extraction conditions

[0118] Temperature: 85-95℃.

[0119] Extraction time: 2.5 hours.

[0120] Concentrate concentration: 45%.

[0121] 4. Addition of minerals and gypsum powder

[0122] 1. Mineral ratio

[0123] The mass ratio of silicate mineral (bentonite), natural gypsum powder, seaweed extract, organic fertilizer and amino acid liquid fertilizer is 8:3:0.2:1:0.2.

[0124] 2. Mixing time

[0125] 35 minutes.

[0126] 5. Drying and crushing

[0127] Drying conditions: temperature 55°C; drying time 5 hours; target moisture content 4%; crushed particle size 0.3-1.0 mm.

[0128] Comparative Example 1

[0129] The preparation process is the same as in Example 1, except that no amino acid liquid fertilizer is added.

[0130] Comparative Example 2

[0131] The preparation process is the same as in Example 1, the only difference being that no seaweed extract is added.

[0132] Comparative Example 3

[0133] The preparation process is the same as in Example 1, except that no minerals and gypsum powder are added.

[0134] Test Example 1

[0135] The soil improving fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were subjected to quality tests and performance tests.

[0136] 1. Quality Test

[0137] 1. Moisture content test

[0138] Test method: Use the drying method to place the sample in a drying oven (temperature is 105°C) for drying until constant weight is reached. The moisture content is the ratio of the difference between the initial weight of the sample and the weight after drying to the initial weight.

[0139] Test results: expressed as a percentage.

[0140] 2. Particle size distribution test

[0141] Test Method: Using the sieve analysis method, the fertilizer sample is graded using a series of standard sieves to determine the weight proportion of different particle size intervals.

[0142] Test results: particle size range and mass ratio of each particle size range.

[0143] 3. pH test

[0144] Test method: Mix the fertilizer sample with deionized water in a mass ratio of 1:10, let it stand for 30 minutes, and then use a pH meter to measure the pH value of the solution.

[0145] Test result: specific value of pH value.

[0146] 4. Nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) test

[0147] Test Method: Elemental analysis was performed using standard chemical analysis methods.

[0148] Test results: mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (%).

[0149] 2. Performance Test

[0150] Performance testing mainly evaluates the soil improvement effect of soil improvement fertilizers on soil and plant growth. The test contents include: cation exchange capacity, soil pH change, plant growth indicators (plant height, root growth, leaf area).

[0151] 1. Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Test

[0152] Test method: Use ammonium chloride exchange method to measure the cation exchange capacity of the sample, the unit is cmol(+)kg -1 .

[0153] Test results: cmol(+)kg -1 express.

[0154] 2. Soil pH change test

[0155] Test method: Apply a certain amount of fertilizer to the experimental soil and mix it evenly. Evaluate the pH adjustment effect of the fertilizer by comparing the changes in soil pH before and after fertilization.

[0156] Test results: Difference in pH value before and after fertilization.

[0157] 3. Plant growth index test

[0158] Test method: Select standard plants (wheat), apply different fertilizers, and measure the plant's growth height, root length, leaf area and other indicators. The measurement time is 30 days, 60 days and 90 days after fertilization.

[0159] Test results: Record the values ​​of various growth indicators.

[0160] 3. Saline-alkali soil improvement test

[0161] Soil type: Select saline-alkali soil samples with a pH of 8.0-9.0, a conductivity of 10-15mS / cm, and a high Na+ content (>2000mg / kg).

[0162] Experimental design: The soil improving fertilizers of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were applied in the test field, and four experimental groups and one control group were set up respectively. The fertilizer application rate for each group was 5 kg per square meter.

[0163] Post-fertilization treatment: Mix the saline-alkali soil after fertilization to ensure even distribution of fertilizer, maintain soil moisture at 30-40% (volume water content), and irrigate appropriately.

[0164] The main test parameters of the test items include:

[0165] Soil pH (acidity and alkalinity);

[0166] Soil electrical conductivity (EC);

[0167] Soil sodium ions (Na + )content;

[0168] Available nutrient content of soil (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium);

[0169] Plant growth parameters (e.g. crop height, leaf area, root mass);

[0170] Test cycle: Sampling was carried out three times at 30 days, 60 days and 90 days after fertilization and related parameters were tested.

[0171] IV. Results

[0172] 1. Results of quality and performance testing

[0173] The results of the quality test and performance test are shown in Table 1.

[0174] Table 1

[0175]

[0176]

[0177] According to Table 1, we can see that:

[0178] Moisture content: The moisture content of Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3 is relatively low, meeting the drying standard of soil improvement fertilizer; while the moisture content of Comparative Examples 1-3 is slightly higher, which may cause them to be more susceptible to mold and deterioration.

[0179] Particle size distribution: The particle sizes of all embodiments and comparative examples are between 0.2-1.0 mm, but the particle distribution of embodiment 1 is the most uniform, while the particles of comparative examples 2 and 3 are larger, which may affect their soil improvement effects.

[0180] pH value: The pH value of the fertilizer in the embodiment is between 6.2-6.4, which is suitable for the growth of most crops; although the pH values ​​of comparative examples 1-3 are slightly different, they are all within the appropriate range.

[0181] Nutrient content: Examples 1, 2 and 3 have high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, showing good fertilizer nutritional value; while Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3 have low contents, which may result in soil improvement effects that are inferior to those of the Examples.

[0182] Cation exchange capacity: The cation exchange capacity of Examples 1-3 is significantly higher than that of the comparative example, indicating that they can more effectively improve soil structure and enhance soil fertility.

[0183] Soil pH change: The application of the fertilizers in the examples can effectively adjust the pH value of the soil, while the adjustment effect of the comparative fertilizers is relatively weak.

[0184] Plant growth index: The plant growth performance of Examples 1-3 was the best, especially after applying the soil improvement fertilizer of Example 1, the plant growth was most significant. In contrast, the plant height and root growth of the comparative fertilizer were poor, and the leaf area was also reduced.

[0185] 2. Test results of saline-alkali soil improvement

[0186] The test results of saline-alkali soil improvement are shown in Table 2.

[0187] Table 2

[0188] Experimental group / comparison group Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Soil pH 7.8 7.6 7.5 8.1 8.2 8.3 Soil conductivity (mS / cm) 5.2 6.0 6.2 8.0 7.5 7.8 <![CDATA[Na + Content (mg / kg)]]> 1500 1550 1600 2200 2150 2250 Nitrogen content (mg / kg) 120 110 125 95 100 90 Phosphorus content (mg / kg) 35 38 36 30 33 32 Potassium content (mg / kg) 180 175 190 160 165 155 Crop height (cm) 70 68 72 50 52 48 Root mass (g) 20 19 21 15 16 14 <![CDATA[Leaf area (cm 2 )]]> 140 135 145 120 125 115

[0189] According to Table 2, we can see that:

[0190] Soil pH value: In Examples 1-3, the pH value of the soil decreased significantly, indicating that the fertilizer used can effectively neutralize the alkalinity of the soil, thereby improving the pH value of the soil; in contrast, the pH values ​​of the comparison group and the control group did not change much, and failed to effectively improve the alkalinity of the soil.

[0191] Soil electrical conductivity (EC): The soil EC of Examples 1-3 was relatively low, indicating that the salt concentration was effectively reduced, while the EC of the comparative group and the control group was relatively high, indicating that the problem of salt accumulation was more serious.

[0192] Na + Content: In Examples 1-3, the content of sodium ions was significantly lower than that of the comparative group and the control group, which indicates that the use of fertilizers effectively reduces the concentration of sodium ions in the soil and helps alleviate the problem of soil salinization.

[0193] Nutrient content: Examples 1-3 have high nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., especially nitrogen and potassium, which can effectively promote the growth of crops; while the nutrient content of the comparison group and the control group is low, which indicates that the soil improvement effect without the addition of amino acid liquid fertilizer or seaweed extract is not ideal.

[0194] Plant growth: The growth of crops in Examples 1-3 was significantly better than that in the comparison group and the control group, especially in terms of crop height, root mass and leaf area, which reflects that fertilizer has a significant promoting effect on plant growth.

[0195] Root mass and leaf area: The root mass and leaf area of ​​the plants of Examples 1-3 were larger, which indicated that the fertilizer helped to enhance the rooting ability and photosynthesis of the plants, thereby promoting the healthy growth of the plants.

[0196] 5. Principle and Mechanism

[0197] 1. Mechanism of action of organic fertilizer (decomposed cow dung, chicken dung, straw)

[0198] Microbial activity: After fermentation, the decomposed cow dung, chicken manure and straw in organic fertilizers contain a large number of beneficial microorganisms and organic matter. After being applied to the soil, these microorganisms (thermophiles, yeasts, bacteria, etc.) will interact with the native microorganisms in the soil, promote the reproduction and activity of soil microbial communities, thereby promoting the decomposition and transformation of soil organic matter and improving the microbial activity and fertility of the soil.

[0199] Decomposition of organic matter: Humus (humic acid, humus salts, etc.) in organic fertilizers is converted into plant-usable nutrients through the degradation of microorganisms, improving soil structure, increasing soil porosity, and enhancing soil moisture and nutrient retention capacity.

[0200] Promote plant root growth: Decomposed organic fertilizer provides plants with sufficient basic nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. At the same time, the natural plant hormones and trace elements in organic fertilizer can stimulate the growth of plant roots, improve plant root development, and help plants better absorb water and nutrients.

[0201] 2. Mechanism of action of amino acid liquid fertilizer

[0202] Amino acid release: Soybeans, corn, seaweed and other raw materials release a large amount of amino acids after enzyme catalysis. Amino acids are not only essential elements for plant growth, but also can improve the absorption of nutrients by plants in the soil. Amino acids combine with metal ions (such as iron, zinc, etc.) in the soil through complexation to form complexes that are easy to absorb, thereby improving the availability of trace elements in the soil.

[0203] Promote plant absorption: The nitrogen source in amino acid liquid fertilizer can be directly absorbed by the plant roots and converted into various proteins, enzymes and other active substances in the plant body through metabolism in the plant body, thereby promoting plant growth. In addition, amino acid liquid fertilizer can regulate the hormone level of the root system through rhizosphere action and promote the rapid growth of the root system.

[0204] Improve soil pH: Amino acid liquid fertilizer can alleviate soil acid-base imbalance, improve soil pH value, and enhance soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) through the chemical action of nitrogen bases in amino acids.

[0205] 3. Mechanism of action of seaweed extract

[0206] Plant growth regulators: Plant hormones (such as auxin, gibberellin, etc.) in seaweed extracts can promote the growth of plant roots and above-ground parts by regulating the division and elongation of plant cells. In particular, gibberellins in seaweed can promote flowering and fruiting of plants and enhance their resistance to stress.

[0207] Root stimulation: The auxin in seaweed can stimulate cell division in the plant root system and promote root extension, thereby enhancing the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients.

[0208] Improve soil structure: The polysaccharides in seaweed extract can improve the binding force between soil particles, promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, and thus improve the soil's air permeability and water retention capacity.

[0209] 4. Mechanism of action of silicate minerals (bentonite)

[0210] Improve soil structure: The layered structure in minerals such as bentonite can absorb a large amount of water and nutrients. Bentonite has particularly good swelling and adsorption properties, and can form a large specific surface area in the soil, enhancing the soil's ability to retain water and nutrients. Bentonite has a fine particle size, which can effectively improve soil aeration and promote the respiration of plant roots.

[0211] Absorb and release nutrients: These minerals absorb nutrients such as calcium, magnesium and potassium from the soil through cation exchange capacity (CEC) and release them when plants need them, providing a continuous supply of nutrients.

[0212] Alleviate the problem of saline-alkali soil: Bentonite can absorb excess salt in the soil, reduce the accumulation of salt in the soil, and play a positive role in improving saline-alkali soil. At the same time, bentonite can regulate the sodium ions in the soil through cation exchange, reducing the toxicity of salt to plant roots.

[0213] 5. Mechanism of action of natural gypsum powder

[0214] Adjusting soil pH: The calcium and sulfur elements in natural gypsum powder can effectively react with excess sodium ions (Na + ) react to form soluble sodium salts, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the soil and improving the pH of saline-alkali soil.

[0215] Improve soil structure: The calcium ions in gypsum powder can form ion exchange reactions with the negative charges in the soil, improve the soil structure, increase the binding force of soil particles, enhance the soil's air permeability and drainage, and facilitate root respiration.

[0216] Increase soil calcium content: The calcium source of gypsum powder can be absorbed by plants. Calcium helps strengthen cell walls and promote plant growth and disease resistance.

[0217] 6. Mechanism of drying and crushing process

[0218] The impact of particle size on soil: crushed fertilizer particles are smaller and easier to contact with the soil, which can release nutrients more quickly and ensure that plants can absorb them efficiently. However, particles that are too large may cause the fertilizer to be released too slowly and fail to quickly provide enough nutrients to the plants.

[0219] Controlling moisture content: Drying can reduce the moisture content in fertilizers, avoiding mold and deterioration, while maintaining the stability of the fertilizer and extending its storage life.

[0220] 7. Summary

[0221] From a microscopic perspective, the mechanism of action of soil improvement fertilizers is multifaceted, involving organic matter decomposition, nutrient release, plant hormone regulation, soil structure improvement, and mineral regulation of soil pH and cation exchange capacity, etc. These mechanisms not only help provide the nutrients required by plants, but also improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, enhance plant tolerance to environmental stress, and ultimately improve plant growth and yield.

[0222] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a soil improving fertilizer, characterized in that: include: Mix cow dung, chicken dung and straw for anaerobic fermentation to obtain organic fertilizer; Soybeans, corn and seaweed are mixed and treated with enzymes, followed by extraction to obtain amino acid liquid fertilizer; Soak the brown algae in water at 85-90°C for at least 3 hours, filter and concentrate to obtain a seaweed extract; The silicate mineral, natural gypsum powder, the organic fertilizer, the amino acid liquid fertilizer and the seaweed extract are uniformly mixed and then dried and crushed in sequence to obtain the soil improving fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing the soil improving fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: When cow dung, chicken dung and straw are mixed for anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation conditions are a temperature of 45-55° C., a humidity of 50%-60%, and a fermentation time of at least 3 weeks.

3. The method for preparing the soil improving fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microorganisms used when mixing cow dung, chicken dung and straw for anaerobic fermentation are thermophilic Bacillus and yeast.

4. The method for preparing the soil improving fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enzymes used in the enzymatic treatment of soybean, corn and seaweed mixtures are papain and eucalyptus cellulase.

5. The method for preparing the soil improving fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extraction conditions are 10-20° C., 5-10 MPa, the extraction liquid flow rate is 5 L / h, and the extraction time is at least 3 hours.

6. The method for preparing the soil improving fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brown algae is soaked in hot water at 85-90° C. for at least 3 hours and then filtered and concentrated to a concentration of 40% to obtain the seaweed extract.

7. The method for preparing the soil improving fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silicate mineral is bentonite.

8. The method for preparing the soil improving fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the silicate mineral, natural gypsum powder, seaweed extract, organic fertilizer and amino acid liquid fertilizer is 8-12:2-4:0.2-1:1-3:0.2-1.

9. A soil improving fertilizer, characterized in that: The method is prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the soil improving fertilizer according to claim 9 in improving saline-alkali soil.

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