A mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins

Abstract

The present invention discloses a mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins, comprising the following steps: S1, dividing the steeply inclined thin ore vein into a middle section and ore blocks, and excavating a pedestrian material riser within the pillars between the ore blocks; S2, excavating an intra-vein transport tunnel, and then excavating a pedestrian material riser upward through the intra-vein transport tunnel to construct a stope connecting road; S3, using a milling machine to mine from one side to the other, without wall cutting after the first layer is mined, and after the second layer is mined, the surrounding rock is wall cut, and a false bottom is laid in the first layer, leaving a chute for the road; after mining the third layer, a scraper enters the stope to transport ore to the chute for unloading, and after mining is completed, the surrounding rock is wall cut, and then filling is carried out to reserve space for the scraper to operate in the next layer; S4, continuously performing each layer mining operation upward to complete the mining of each segmented ore body. The filling mining method of the present invention solves the technical problems of high mining production costs and lack of operational safety in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and in particular relates to a mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins. Background Art

[0002] Many of my country's metal ores are located within tectonic fracture zones. These deposits are characterized by thin ore bodies, moderately stable and fragmented roof and floor rock formations, and steeply inclined ore bodies. Consequently, mining requires low-cost, minimally disturbing, and safe mining methods. The mining challenges of these deposits are as follows: ① The steeply inclined, thin ore bodies make it difficult for machinery to enter the stope; ② The low grade of the ore bodies necessitates reducing mining costs.

[0003] Chinese invention patent authorization publication number CN110566206B discloses a method for separate mining and backfilling of steeply inclined, extremely thin veins with upper and lower cutwalls. The method involves excavating a bottom space from pedestrian ventilation shafts on both sides along the upper boundary of the bottom pillar into the interior of the ore block. Several chute shafts are then excavated upwards in the middle transport tunnel near the footwall of the ore body to serve as chute shafts. Cutting holes are drilled in the upper and lower cutwall surrounding rock, drop holes are drilled in the extremely thin vein, and pre-crack holes are drilled at the ore-rock interface. The fallen upper and lower cutwall surrounding rock forms a waste rock backfill, which is then cemented with tailings to form a tailings-cemented backfill. The pre-crack holes and drop holes are then blasted simultaneously with the pre-crack holes, with the pre-crack holes blasted ahead of the drop holes. Ore is then transported to the drop chute shafts using a small scraper or electric rake, and then transported to the pit bottom yard via the middle transport tunnel. This invention uses blasting for mining, which is costly and unsafe. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the current technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins. This filling mining method can solve the technical problems in the existing technology of high mining production costs and unsafe operation.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: Divide the steeply inclined thin ore vein into a middle section, and divide the ore blocks through a pedestrian material skylight. Dig a pedestrian material skylight in the pillars between the ore blocks, and reserve a top pillar.

[0008] Step S2: excavating an intra-vein transport tunnel along the ore body, then excavating a pedestrian material roof upward through the intra-vein transport tunnel, and then constructing a stope connection road through the pedestrian material roof. The stope connection road passes through the ore block pillars and enters the stope; arranging a pedestrian return air roof and connecting each section to form a ventilation system;

[0009] Step S3: The ore vein in the panel area is mined from one side to the other using a milling machine. After the first layer is mined, no wall cutting is required. After the second layer is mined, the surrounding rock is cut, and a false bottom is laid in the first layer, leaving a chute for the road. After the third layer is mined, a scraper enters the stope to transport the ore to the chute for unloading. After mining is completed, the surrounding rock is cut, and then backfill is performed to leave space for the scraper to operate in the next layer.

[0010] Step S4: Continuously carry out the mining operation of each layer upwards. After the mining of each layer is completed, the surrounding rock is cut, and then the layer is filled to complete the mining of each segmented ore body.

[0011] The mining area is arranged along the direction of the ore body, and a pedestrian material shaft is used for the excavation of milling machines and personnel and materials. The milling machine is used for excavation and mining of the ore vein. The width of the milling machine is relatively narrow, only 30 to 40 cm, which is suitable for the operating conditions of steeply inclined thin ore veins. A false bottom is set in the first layer to facilitate the safe operation of mechanized equipment. When mining the second layer and each layer above, the surrounding rock is cut to meet the minimum safe width for the scraper to enter the mining area. A chute is set along the way to facilitate the layered mining and ore extraction. During mining, fresh air flows from the intra-vein transport tunnel through the pedestrian material shaft into the mining face of the mining area. After cleaning the working face, the polluted air is collected into the ventilation system through the pedestrian return air shaft for ventilation. The mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention can greatly reduce the mining cost of the mine, realize non-explosive continuous mining, improve the production capacity of the mine, improve the mechanization level of the mine, and reduce the labor quota. The mechanical wall-cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention can mine extremely thin ore veins. The equipment does not need to leave the stope, which allows continuous mining. Personnel operating the equipment can improve the safety of the stope. The mechanical wall-cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention uses a milling machine to replace a rock drilling rig, replacing inefficient mining equipment such as pneumatic drills and electric rakes. It uses a process of ore and rock separation and wall-cutting and filling to improve the level of mechanization. This solves the prominent problems of small stope capacity, high depletion rate, and large labor quota for steeply inclined thin ore veins. It has many advantages, such as a high degree of mechanization, large stope capacity, continuous mining, and low cost.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the middle section height is 40m-60m, the stope length is 50m-60m, the width of the pillars between the ore blocks is 6m-8m, and the panel width is 200m-300m.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, a pedestrian material skylight is located within a steeply inclined thin ore vein; the pedestrian return air skylight is connected to the upper-middle return air lane, which is connected to the return air shaft, and the upper end of the return air shaft is connected to the surface. Fresh air flows from the intra-vein transport roadway through the pedestrian material skylight to the stope's mining face. After cleaning the working face, polluted air flows through the pedestrian return air skylight into the upper-middle return air lane, and finally into the return air shaft before being discharged to the surface.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3 and step S4, the height of each layer is 2.5 to 3 m, and the width of the surrounding rock wall is 0.6 to 1.2 m.

[0015] Preferably, in steps S3 and S4, the ore body in the panel area is mined continuously in the same direction, and the mining operation is carried out in a one-way excavation from the pedestrian material shaft to one side. During the mining operation, the working face is advanced in a mining sequence from one side to the other.

[0016] Preferably, in step S3, the first layer and the second layer are mined simultaneously.

[0017] Specifically, in steps S3 and S4, the roof is pried and roughened during each layer mining. Depending on the stability of the roof surrounding rock, anchor net support is used to reinforce the unstable sections.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the height of the false bottom is 0.8-1.5 m, and the false bottom is formed by using a steel mesh and filling slurry, and the compressive strength of the filling slurry is not less than 3 MPa.

[0019] Preferably, in steps S3 and S4, waste rock and filling material slurry are used for backfilling each layer. The wall-cutting filling area is filled with waste rock and filling material slurry at the same time, thereby forming a certain strength to facilitate the safe operation of subsequent equipment.

[0020] In order to speed up the discharge of crushing dust, preferably, in steps S3 and S4, local fans are used in the mining area to enhance ventilation.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention can greatly reduce the mining cost of the mine, realize non-explosive continuous mining, improve the production capacity of the mine and the level of mine mechanization, and reduce the labor quota.

[0023] (2) The mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention can mine extremely thin ore veins. The equipment does not need to leave the mining site, and continuous mining can be achieved. Personnel operating the equipment can improve the safety of the mining site.

[0024] (3) The mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins of the present invention adopts a milling machine to replace the rock drilling rig, replaces the inefficient mining equipment such as the pneumatic drill and the electric rake, and adopts the technology of ore rock separation mining and wall cutting and filling to improve the mechanization level, thereby solving the prominent problems of small mining capacity, high depletion rate and large labor quota of steeply inclined thin ore veins. It has many advantages such as high degree of mechanization, large mining capacity, continuous mining and low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1This is a cross-sectional view of the stope in the steeply inclined thin ore vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The III-III cross-section diagram;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Ⅱ-Ⅱ cross-section diagram.

[0028] In the figure

[0029] 1-Intra-vein transport tunnel, 2-Pedestrian material shaft, 3-Block pillars, 4-Mining connecting road, 5-False bottom, 6-Road chute, 7-Pedestrian return air shaft, 8-Milling machine, 9-Scraper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined unless they conflict. For ease of description, the words "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" appear below merely to indicate the directions of upper, lower, left, and right in the accompanying drawings and do not limit the structure.

[0031] This embodiment discloses a mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step S1, stope layout: Figure 1 As shown, the stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, dividing the steeply inclined thin ore vein into a middle section. The ore blocks are divided by a pedestrian material raise 2. The pedestrian material raise 2 is excavated in the pillars 3 between the ore blocks, and a top pillar of 3m is left. The ore body in the panel area is mined continuously in the same direction. After the top pillar is mined in the upper middle section in the later stage, the retreat-type recovery is carried out using the pedestrian material raise 2. Among them, the middle section height is 50m, the stope length is 50m, the width of the pillars 3 between the ore blocks is 6m, and the size of the pedestrian material raise 2 is 2m×2.5m.

[0033] Step S2, mining and cutting engineering: excavating an intra-vein transport tunnel 1 along the direction of the ore body, and then excavating a pedestrian material skylight 2 upward through the intra-vein transport tunnel 1. The pedestrian material skylight 2 is constructed within the vein and is used for the excavation milling machine 8 and personnel and materials to go up and down (the equipment is hoisted to the stope by a winch). Then, a stope connecting road 4 is constructed through the pedestrian material skylight 2, passing through the ore block pillars 3 to enter the stope; arranging a pedestrian return air skylight 7, which is connected to the upper and middle return air tunnels, which are connected to the return air shaft, and the upper end of the return air shaft is connected to the ground surface to form a ventilation system;

[0034] Step S3, mining process: the ore vein in the disc area is mined from one side to the other side. After the first layer is mined, there is no need to cut the wall. After the second layer is mined, the wall needs to be cut so that the subsequent scraper 9 can enter the stope to mine. Figure 2 As shown, after the first and second layers are mined, a false bottom 5 is formed by using a steel mesh and a high-strength filling body. The false bottom 5 has a height of 0.8 to 1.5 m. The false bottom 5 is filled with a steel mesh and a filling slurry. The compressive strength of the filling slurry is not less than 3 MPa. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, a side chute 6 is reserved for subsequent stratified mining; after the third layer is mined, the mining work is carried out from the pedestrian material shaft 2 to the side of the working face, and the tunneling milling machine 8 enters the stope through the pedestrian material shaft 2, first cutting and breaking the relatively broken ore body, and using the scraper 9 to transport the ore to the side chute 6 for mining, and then using the milling machine 8 to cut the surrounding rock wall, and then using the waste rock + filling slurry to fill the layer and leave enough space for the scraper 9 to operate when the previous layer is mined;

[0035] Ventilation: Fresh air flows from the intra-vein transport tunnel 1 through the pedestrian material skylight 2 into the stope recovery working face. After cleaning the working face, the polluted air flows through the pedestrian return air skylight 7 into the upper and middle return air tunnels, and finally into the return air shaft and is discharged to the surface.

[0036] Mine roof management: After the ore body is mined, the roof roughening operation should be carried out immediately. Depending on the stability of the roof surrounding rock, anchor net support can be used to reinforce unstable areas.

[0037] Step S4: Continuously carry out the mining operation of each layer upwards. After the mining of each layer is completed, the surrounding rock is cut, and then the layer is filled with a combination of waste rock and filling slurry to complete the mining of each segmented ore body.

[0038] In step S3 and step S4, the height of each layer is 2.5 to 3 m, and the width of the surrounding rock wall is 0.6 to 1.2 m.

[0039] The contents described in the above embodiments should be understood as these embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent modifications to the embodiments made by those skilled in the art fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step S1, dividing the steeply inclined thin ore vein into a middle section, and dividing the ore blocks through the pedestrian material skylight (2), excavating the pedestrian material skylight (2) in the pillars (3) between the ore blocks, and reserving the top pillar; Step S2, excavating an intra-vein transport tunnel (1) along the direction of the ore body, then excavating a pedestrian material skylight (2) upward through the intra-vein transport tunnel (1), and then constructing a stope connection road (4) through the pedestrian material skylight (2), and the stope connection road (4) passes through the ore block pillars (3) to enter the stope; arranging a pedestrian return air skylight (7), and connecting each section to form a ventilation system; Step S3, the ore vein in the disk area is mined from one side to the other side using a milling machine (8), and after the first layer is mined, no wall cutting is required. After the second layer is mined, the surrounding rock is cut, and a false bottom (5) is laid in the first layer, and a chute (6) is reserved. After the third layer is mined, a scraper (9) enters the mining area to transport the ore to the chute (6) for unloading. After the mining is completed, the surrounding rock is cut, and then filled and space is reserved for the scraper (9) to operate in the next layer. Step S4: Continuously carry out the mining operation of each layer upwards. After the mining of each layer is completed, the surrounding rock is cut, and then the layer is filled to complete the mining of each segmented ore body.

2. The steeply inclined thin vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the middle section height is 40m-60m, the stope length is 50m-60m, the width of the ore block pillars (3) is 6m-8m, and the panel width is 200m-300m.

3. The steeply inclined thin vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, a pedestrian material skylight (2) is set in a steeply inclined thin ore vein; a pedestrian return air skylight (7) is connected to the upper middle section return air lane, the return air lane is connected to the return air shaft, and the upper end of the return air shaft is connected to the ground surface.

4. The steeply inclined thin vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3 and step S4, the height of each layer is 2.5 to 3 m, and the width of the surrounding rock wall is 0.6 to 1.2 m.

5. The steeply inclined thin vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In steps S3 and S4, the ore body in the panel area is mined continuously in the same direction, and the mining operation is carried out in a one-way excavation from the pedestrian material shaft (2) to one side.

6. The mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, the first layer and the second layer are mined simultaneously.

7. The steeply inclined thin vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In steps S3 and S4, the roof is pried up during each layer mining operation, and anchor net support is used to reinforce unstable sections according to the stability of the roof surrounding rock.

8. The steeply inclined thin vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, the height of the false bottom (5) is 0.8-1.5 m, and the false bottom (5) is formed by filling with steel mesh and filling slurry, and the compressive strength of the filling slurry is not less than 3 MPa.

9. The steeply inclined thin vein mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S3 and S4, when backfilling each layer, waste rock and filling material slurry are used for combined filling.

10. The mechanical wall cutting and filling mining method for steeply inclined thin ore veins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps S3 and S4, local fans are used to enhance ventilation in the mining area.

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