Method for planting dandelions in salt-inhibiting and fertilizing type moderate-severe saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation and planting, in particular to a salt-inhibiting fertilizing type moderate-severe saline-alkali soil dandelion planting method. The planting method comprises the following steps: (1) soil preparation and salt inhibition: selecting moderate and severe saline-alkali soil blocks with the soil layer thickness of more than 15cm, crushing and raking the soil blocks before sowing, leveling the soil, then spreading a mixture of humic acid and activated carbon, a microbial organic fertilizer and a ternary compound fertilizer on the surface of the soil, and deeply ploughing; (2) ridging; (3) watering and draining; (4) sowing; (5) fertilization; (6) pest control. Appropriate salt stress in saline-alkali soil can bring improvement of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredients, but due to high salinity and alkalinity of moderate and severe saline-alkali soil, growth of traditional Chinese medicine plants is seriously limited. In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a systematic salt-inhibiting and fertilizing planting method for dandelions in the moderate-severe saline-alkali soil, and aims to give full play to the potential of the saline-alkali soil and improve the yield and quality of the dandelions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation and planting, and in particular to a salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderately and severely saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) contains a variety of functional ingredients such as flavonoids, triterpenes, sesquiterpenes, sterols, polysaccharides, organic acids, volatile oils, etc. It has good antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, liver protection, hypoglycemic and diuretic biological activities, and has high application value in food, medicine, health care products, etc. It has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxification, reducing swelling and dispersing knots, clearing the liver and improving eyesight, etc. It has significant medicinal effects in the treatment of various diseases. Saline-alkali land refers to soil types with high salt content and alkaline reaction. This environment poses a challenge to the growth of most plants. At present, the development and utilization of saline-alkali land is still in the exploratory stage, and traditional agricultural models are difficult to adapt to these extreme environments. Salt-alkali tolerant Chinese medicinal plants can absorb salt in the soil, reduce the degree of salinization, and thus improve the surrounding ecological environment. Although dandelions have a certain salt tolerance, in a high-salinity and alkali environment, if there is a lack of scientific planting management, it often leads to low yields and poor quality, which cannot meet market demand. Therefore, developing an efficient and high-quality planting and cultivation method for dandelions on moderately to severely saline-alkali land can enable dandelions to quickly adapt to the moderately to severely saline-alkali land environment, and has broad application prospects and promotion value. Summary of the invention

[0003] Based on the above content, the present invention provides a method for planting dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land with salt inhibition and fertilization, which significantly improves the growth rate, yield and medicinal ingredient content of dandelions in saline-alkali land by improving the saline-alkali soil environment, modern agronomic measures, optimizing planting procedures and management, and scientific fertilization.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a method for planting dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land by inhibiting salt and improving fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Land preparation and salt suppression: Select medium to heavy saline-alkali land with a soil layer thickness greater than 15 cm. Break the soil and harrow the land before sowing. Then spread a mixture of humic acid and activated carbon at 10-30 kg / mu, microbial organic fertilizer at 2000-4000 kg / mu, and triple compound fertilizer at 20 kg / mu on the soil surface. Deep plowing should be 25-30 cm for 1-2 times.

[0007] (2) Ridge: to make ridges;

[0008] (3) Watering and drainage: drip irrigation belts are set up on the ridges, and salt drainage ditches are set up around the planting area;

[0009] (4) Sowing: Double-row sowing is adopted along the length of the ridge, with a row spacing of 20-30 cm. A 2 cm deep furrow is opened in each row. The seeds are evenly scattered in the furrow and covered with soil. After sowing, drip irrigation is used to irrigate the seeds thoroughly, and the amount of water is based on the amount discharged into the salt drainage ditch.

[0010] (5) Fertilization: When the seedlings grow 3-4 leaves, apply solid rooting bacteria through drip irrigation. Continue to apply solid rooting bacteria through drip irrigation after 1 week. In the middle period, add 5kg / mu of ammonium calcium nitrate and 10kg / mu of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

[0011] (6) Pest and disease control: Spray pesticides to control downy mildew, root rot and powdery mildew.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mass ratio of the humic acid to the activated carbon is (85-90):(10-15).

[0013] In the actual planting process, different amounts of humic acid and activated carbon mixtures and microbial organic fertilizers are applied according to the soil salinity and alkali content and ion types. As the soil salt and alkali content changes, the proportions of humic acid, activated carbon and microbial organic fertilizers are appropriately adjusted within the above parameter range to achieve the best salt fixation and alkali reduction effect.

[0014] Microbial organic fertilizer is organic matter such as straw, cattle and sheep feces, cake, biogas residue, etc. that has been fermented, deodorized and fully decomposed by microorganisms. The microbial organic fertilizer contains beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum and / or yeast.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the ridge platform is 30 cm high, 30 cm wide, and the ridge spacing is 35-40 cm.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (3), the salt drainage ditch is 0.8 m wide and 1 m deep.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (4), the sowing rate is 1.5-2.0 kg / mu.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (5), the application amount of the solid rooting bacterial agent is 500-600 ml / mu.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (6), for downy mildew and root rot, 62.5 g / L fluopyram and 625 g / L cymoxanil hydrochloride are applied to the roots or sprayed for prevention and control at the early stage of the disease, or a fungicide with equivalent efficacy and low toxicity is sprayed.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (6), 30% hexachlorvinphos is sprayed before the onset of powdery mildew or in the early stage of discovery, three times with an interval of 7-10 days between each spray, or a fungicide with equivalent efficacy and low toxicity (such as 600 times liquid of 50% methyl thiophanate wettable powder or 500 times liquid of 45% mancozeb aqueous solution, 1000 times liquid of 20% methyl tolclofos emulsifiable concentrate, etc.) is sprayed.

[0021] The second technical solution of the present invention is a method for increasing the chicoric acid content in dandelions, which adopts the salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land.

[0022] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0023] Salt stress in saline-alkali land can improve the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, but the growth of traditional Chinese medicine plants is severely restricted due to the high salt and alkalinity of moderate to severe saline-alkali land. To address this problem, the present invention proposes a systematic salt-inhibiting and fertilizing planting technology for dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land, aiming to give full play to the potential of saline-alkali land and improve the yield and quality of dandelions.

[0024] The method of the present invention first emphasizes the salt-alkali inhibition of moderate to severe saline-alkali soil. Before planting, a mixture of humic acid and activated carbon and specific microorganisms are applied to inhibit the salt and alkalinity in the soil, improve the soil environment, and create good conditions for the normal growth of dandelions. Then, ridge planting is adopted in combination with drip irrigation to ensure the high germination rate of dandelion seeds in moderate to severe saline-alkali soil. At the same time, sophisticated post-sowing management measures are formulated, including timely use of rooting fungi, precise watering system, precise fertilizer varieties and dosage, weeding and pest control, so as to ensure the normal growth of dandelions to achieve high quality, high yield and high efficiency. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0026] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0027] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0028] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to the skilled artisan. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0029] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0030] The "%" described in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, refers to mass percentage.

[0031] The present invention provides a salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderately and severely saline-alkali land, which specifically involves major links such as land preparation and salt inhibition, ridge-forming and sowing-field management-pest and disease control, solves the problem that dandelions in moderately and severely saline-alkali land cannot grow normally, ensures the yield of dandelions, increases the effective ingredients such as chicoric acid in dandelions, and achieves the effects of high quality, high yield and high efficiency of dandelions.

[0032] The salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderately and severely saline-alkali land of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0033] (1) Land preparation and salt suppression: Select coastal saline-alkali land (medium to severe saline-alkali land) with a soil layer thickness of more than 15 cm and certain irrigation conditions; before sowing, break up the soil, harrow and level the land, and spread 10-30 kg / mu of humic acid and activated carbon mixture, 2000-4000 kg / mu of microbial organic fertilizer, and 20 kg / mu of triple compound fertilizer on the soil surface, and deep plow 25-30 cm, 1-2 times to ensure that it is evenly mixed with the soil;

[0034] (2) Ridge making: Make ridges with a height of 30 cm, a width of 30 cm, and a spacing of 35-40 cm;

[0035] (3) Watering and drainage: drip irrigation belts are set up on the ridges, and salt drainage ditches are set up around the planting area, with a width of 0.8m and a depth of 1m;

[0036] (4) Sowing: Sow in double rows along the length of the ridge with a row spacing of 20-30 cm. Dig a 2 cm deep furrow in each row, spread the seeds evenly in the furrow, cover with soil, and use 1.5-2.0 kg of seeds per mu. Immediately after sowing, water thoroughly with drip irrigation;

[0037] (5) Fertilization: When the seedlings grow 3-4 leaves, apply solid rooting bacteria agent through drip irrigation at a rate of 500-600 ml / mu. Continue drip irrigation once after 1 week at a rate of 500-600 ml / mu. In the middle stage (when the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm in height), add 5 kg / mu of calcium ammonium nitrate and 10 kg / mu of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

[0038] (6) Disease and pest control: For downy mildew and root rot, use 62.5g / L fluopyram and 625g / L cymoxanil hydrochloride at the early stage of the disease, apply to the roots or spray for prevention and control, or spray with fungicides with equivalent efficacy and low toxicity; for powdery mildew, spray with 30% thiabendazole before the disease or at the early stage of discovery, for a total of three times, with an interval of 7-10 days between each spray, or spray with insecticides with equivalent efficacy and low toxicity.

[0039] The technical solutions described in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional solutions in the art, and the reagents or raw materials used, unless otherwise specified, are purchased from commercial channels or have been disclosed.

[0040] The microbial organic fertilizer used in the embodiment of the present invention is purchased from Hebei Sanfeng Biofertilizer Co., Ltd., with an organic matter content of more than 45%, and an effective live bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis and the like of 20 million / g; beneficial microbial organic fertilizers containing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum and / or yeast obtained by other means are also suitable for the present invention.

[0041] The ternary compound fertilizer used in the embodiments of the present invention was purchased from Jiangsu Huachang Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15.

[0042] The solid rooting fungus agent used in the embodiment of the present invention is 50% indolebutyric acid naphthylacetic acid rooting powder (other products with similar effects are also applicable to the present invention).

[0043] The phosphorus and potash fertilizer used in the embodiments of the present invention is potassium dihydrogen phosphate or dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.

[0044] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0045] The coastal saline-alkali land used for planting dandelions in the embodiment of the present invention is a severe saline-alkali land, 5-15 km away from the sea, with a salt content of 0.6-2.0%, a pH value of 8.1-8.7, an organic matter of 6.3-9.7 g / kg, and a cation exchange capacity of 10.5-11.7 cmol / kg.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] A salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderately and severely saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) In coastal saline-alkali land with sufficient sunlight, a soil layer more than 15 cm deep and an average salt content of 2.0%, harrow the soil finely and level it, then apply 20 kg / mu of humic acid and activated carbon (90% humic acid and 10% activated carbon), 4000 kg / mu of microbial organic fertilizer and 20 kg / mu of triple compound fertilizer on the surface, plow the soil 30 cm deep, plow the soil twice, and then level the land.

[0049] (2) In early April, ridge-forming and rotary tillage machines were used on the leveled saline-alkali land. The ridges were 30 cm high, 30 cm wide, and 40 cm apart. Drip irrigation facilities were laid, and salt drainage ditches were set around the planting area, 0.8 m wide and 1 m deep. Double rows were sown along the length of the ridges, with a row spacing of 20 cm. A 2 cm deep furrow was opened in each row. 1.5 kg of seeds were evenly spread in the furrows at a sowing rate of 1.5 kg / mu and covered with soil. Drip irrigation was used immediately after sowing to irrigate thoroughly.

[0050] (3) When the seedlings have 2 true leaves, the seedlings are transplanted with a spacing of 3-4 cm. In the area where seedlings are lacking, strong seedlings from the area with more seedlings are transplanted with soil nearby to supplement the seedlings. When the seedlings grow 3-4 leaves, solid rooting bacteria are applied by drip irrigation at a rate of 500 ml / mu. After 1 week, drip irrigation is continued at a rate of 500 ml / mu. After rain and before ridge closing, timely inter-row cultivation and weeding are carried out. In the mid-term, 5 kg / mu of calcium ammonium nitrate and 10 kg / mu of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are added.

[0051] (4) Disease and pest control: Dandelions are prone to diseases in July and August. In mid-July, apply 62.5 g / L fluopyram and 625 g / L cymoxanil hydrochloride to the roots (the dosage and application method are conventional technical means in the field and are not the focus of patent protection of the present invention, so they will not be repeated here); one week later, spray with 30% thiabendazole, with 20 ml of 1500-fold diluted solution (1000-2000 times solution is acceptable) per mu, and spray once every 7 days for a total of 3 times.

[0052] (5) Dandelion leaves were harvested five times from May to July and from September to October, with a total yield of 1152 kg / mu.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderately to severely saline-alkali land is disclosed, which is different from Example 1 only in that after the soil is raked and leveled, 30 kg / mu of humic acid and activated carbon are applied on the surface, including 85% humic acid and 15% activated carbon; 3000 kg / mu of microbial organic fertilizer; the sowing amount is 2.0 kg / mu, and the fresh leaf yield is 1169 kg / mu.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] A salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderately and severely saline-alkali land is disclosed, which is different from Example 1 only in that the average salt content of the coastal saline-alkali land is 1.3%, the planting row spacing is 30 cm, and after the soil is raked and leveled, 25 kg / mu of humic acid and activated carbon (including 88% humic acid and 12% activated carbon) and 2500 kg / mu of microbial organic fertilizer are applied on the surface, and the fresh leaf yield is 1203 kg / mu.

[0057] Example 4

[0058] A salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderately and severely saline-alkali land comprises the following steps: the only difference from Example 1 is that the average salt content of the coastal saline-alkali land is 1.3%, humic acid and activated carbon are applied on the surface at 10 kg / mu (90% humic acid and 10% activated carbon) after the soil is raked and leveled, the planting row spacing is 25 cm, and when the seedlings grow 3-4 leaves, solid rooting fungi are applied by drip irrigation at an application rate of 600 ml / mu. After one week, drip irrigation is continued once at an application rate of 600 ml / mu, and the fresh leaf yield is 1256 kg / mu.

[0059] Example 5

[0060] A salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderately and severely saline-alkali land is different from Example 1 only in that the average salt content of the coastal saline-alkali land is 0.8%, humic acid and activated carbon 20kg / mu (including 85% humic acid and 15% activated carbon) and microbial organic fertilizer 2000kg / mu are applied to the surface after the soil is raked finely and leveled, and solid rooting bacteria agent is applied by drip irrigation when the seedlings grow 3-4 leaves, with an application amount of 550ml / mu, and drip irrigation is continued once after one week, with an application amount of 550ml / mu, and the fresh leaf yield is 1322kg / mu.

[0061] Example 6

[0062] A salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderately to severely saline-alkali land is different from Example 1 only in that 3000 kg / mu of microbial organic fertilizer is used, and when the seedlings grow 3-4 leaves, solid rooting bacteria agent is applied by drip irrigation at an application rate of 550 ml / mu. After one week, drip irrigation is continued once at an application rate of 550 ml / mu, and the fresh leaf yield is 1381 kg / mu.

[0063] The yield of fresh dandelion leaves and the content of the main active ingredient chicoric acid in each embodiment were counted, wherein the chicoric acid content test method adopted liquid chromatography, referring to the Dandelion item in Part IV of the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China.

[0064] Table 1 Dandelion fresh leaf yield and main active ingredient content in each embodiment

[0065] Serial number Dandelion harvested 5 times fresh leaf yield, kg Chicoric acid content in fresh leaves, % Example 1 1152 1.04 Example 2 1169 0.97 Example 3 1203 0.80 Example 4 1256 0.92 Example 5 1322 0.88 Example 6 1381 0.92

[0066] Table 1 shows the total yield of fresh dandelion leaves and the content of the main active ingredient chicoric acid in the whole season of planting. It can be seen that the average content of chicoric acid in dandelions in the embodiments of the present invention is higher than 0.45% specified in the 2020 edition of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China, and the content is stable throughout the planting process. Except for the scheme recorded in this application, other field management such as weeding, intertillage management, and pest control during dandelion planting that is not recorded in the present invention is carried out according to existing technologies.

[0067] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land by inhibiting salt and fertilizing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Land preparation and salt suppression: Select medium to heavy saline-alkali land with a soil layer thickness greater than 15 cm. Break the soil and harrow the land before sowing. Then spread a mixture of humic acid and activated carbon at 10-30 kg / mu, microbial organic fertilizer at 2000-4000 kg / mu, and triple compound fertilizer at 20 kg / mu on the soil surface. Deep plowing should be 25-30 cm for 1-2 times. (2) Ridge making: making ridges; (3) Watering and drainage: drip irrigation belts are set up on the ridges, and salt drainage ditches are set up around the planting area; (4) Sowing: Double-row sowing is adopted along the length of the ridge, with a row spacing of 20-30 cm. A 2 cm deep furrow is opened in each row. The seeds are evenly scattered in the furrow and covered with soil. After sowing, drip irrigation is used to irrigate the seeds thoroughly, and the amount of water is based on the amount discharged into the salt drainage ditch. (5) Fertilization: When the seedlings grow 3-4 leaves, apply solid rooting bacteria agent through drip irrigation, and continue to apply solid rooting bacteria agent through drip irrigation after 1 week; in the middle period, add 5kg / mu of ammonium calcium nitrate and 10kg / mu of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; (6) Pest and disease control: Spray pesticides to control downy mildew, root rot and powdery mildew.

2. The salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the humic acid to the activated carbon is (85-90):(10-15).

3. The salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial organic fertilizer is straw, cattle and sheep feces, cake or biogas residue that has been fermented, deodorized and fully decomposed by microorganisms; the microbial organic fertilizer contains at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum and yeast.

4. The salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the ridge platform is 30 cm high, 30 cm wide, and the ridge spacing is 35-40 cm.

5. The salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the salt drainage ditch is 0.8 m wide and 1 m deep.

6. The salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the sowing rate is 1.5-2.0 kg / mu.

7. The salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the solid rooting bacterial agent is applied twice, with each application amount of 500-600 ml / mu.

8. The salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), for downy mildew and root rot, 62.5 g / L fluopyram and 625 g / L cymoxanil hydrochloride are applied to the roots or sprayed for prevention and control at the early stage of the disease, or a fungicide with equivalent efficacy and low toxicity is sprayed.

9. The salt-inhibiting and fertilizing method for planting dandelions in moderate to severe saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (6), 30% thiabendazole is sprayed before the onset of powdery mildew or in the early stage of discovery, three times with an interval of 7-10 days between each spraying, or a fungicide with equivalent efficacy and low toxicity is sprayed.

10. A method for increasing the content of chicoric acid in dandelion, characterized in that: A dandelion planting method for medium to severe saline-alkali land with salt inhibition and fertilization as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted.