Light and simple mechanical potato planting device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a light and simple mechanical potato planting device and method in the technical field of agricultural planting, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, selecting and preparing a land, and carrying out deep ploughing and fine soil preparation by adopting a rotary cultivator 3-4 days before sowing, with the rotary tillage depth being 25-30 cm; 2, seed potatoes are prepared, and the cut seed potatoes are subjected to seed dressing treatment after being diced; 3, preparing a base fertilizer containing phoxim for preventing and treating underground pests; 4, a light and simple potato planting device is used for carrying out compartment opening and ridging, the sowing depth is accurately controlled, and when base fertilizer is applied, compound fertilizer is applied at intervals to seed potatoes, so that bud burning and seed rotting are avoided; 5, medium-term management, wherein 5-7.5 kg of urea is applied per mu according to the seedling condition for seedling lifting. The potato ridger is efficient and practical, manpower consumption of potato sowing, fertilizing and ridging is reduced through mechanical application, the structure of the ridging shovel is optimized, the planting efficiency and quality are improved, potato planting is simplified and efficient, labor intensity and planting cost are reduced, and the planting efficiency and quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a light and simple mechanized potato planting device and method. Background Art

[0002] Traditional potato planting methods require a lot of manpower for farming, fertilizing, weeding, harvesting and other operations, which is labor-intensive and inefficient. Due to the large amount of manpower required and the problems of pests and diseases that may be encountered during the planting process, the cost of traditional potato planting methods is relatively high. Traditional planting methods are easily affected by natural factors such as weather and soil, which means that the growth of potatoes is unstable and the yield and quality are difficult to guarantee.

[0003] Although mechanized planting technology has been applied to a certain extent in some areas, the promotion and application of mechanized planting is hindered in some remote mountainous areas or economically underdeveloped areas due to land restrictions and low level of technology popularization. Some farmers may find it difficult to master and use mechanized planting equipment due to their own skills and knowledge limitations. In addition, even though mechanized planting equipment has many advantages over traditional planting methods, its purchase and maintenance costs are still high, which may constitute a certain economic burden for some small farmers or farmers with financial difficulties.

[0004] In the traditional potato planting method, a simple conical shovel is used to manually open a planting trench, and then sowing and applying base fertilizer are carried out. In this process, the soil on both sides of the conical planting trench is prone to fall into the bottom of the trench repeatedly, which can easily cause the sowing depth to be less than expected during sowing. It is difficult to control the accurate and uniform sowing depth, and the absorption efficiency of the base fertilizer will also be weakened with the depth.

[0005] In view of the limitations of traditional potato planting methods and the development trend of modern agricultural technology, a lightweight mechanized potato planting device and method have emerged. Based on the above problems, it is necessary to propose a lightweight mechanized potato planting device and method that can be used lightly to reduce the manpower requirements of the potato planting process, optimize the efficiency of furrowing and ridge formation during the planting process, and accurately control the sowing depth. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a lightweight mechanized potato planting device and method, which reduces the manpower consumption of potato furrowing and ridge forming through the application of machinery, optimizes the structure of the ridging shovel to improve planting efficiency and quality, accurately controls the sowing depth, realizes lightweight and efficient potato planting, reduces labor intensity and planting costs, and improves planting efficiency and quality.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] In one aspect, a light and simple mechanized potato planting method is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Select and prepare the land. Choose neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam or loam with deep soil, loose soil, fertile soil, and not prone to waterlogging. Use a rotary tiller to deeply till the soil 3-4 days before sowing. The rotary tillage depth is 25-30cm.

[0010] Step 2: Prepare seed potatoes, cut more than 250g of seed potatoes into pieces, prepare more than two cutting knives, soak and disinfect them in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, cut one potato at a time, and mix the cut seed potatoes;

[0011] Step 3: prepare base fertilizer, which is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 8 parts of triple compound fertilizer, 5-10 parts of slow-release fertilizer and 0.2 parts of phoxim, wherein phoxim is used to control underground pests;

[0012] Step 4: Use a light and simple potato planting device to open and ridge the field, and accurately control the sowing depth. Use a 1-meter-wide field, double-row ridge cultivation, a narrow row spacing of 33.3 cm, a plant spacing of 30-38 cm, manual staggered sowing, and a planting density of 3500-4500 plants per mu. After sowing and fertilizing, cover the field with soil to form large ridges.

[0013] Step 5: Mid-term management: Apply herbicide once after sowing until the weeds in the field have 3-5 leaves. After the potato seedlings emerge, carry out inter-row cultivation, weeding and soil fertilization. Before and after flowering, focus on disease prevention and control of late blight.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. Choose neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam or loam with deep soil layer, loose soil, fertile soil and not easy to accumulate water. Such soil conditions are conducive to the growth and development of potatoes, and improve yield and quality. Use small and medium-sized rotary tillers to deep till the fine soil 3-4 days before sowing, and the rotary tillage depth reaches 25-30cm. Deep tillage can break the soil plow bottom layer, increase soil permeability, and is conducive to the growth and development of potato roots.

[0015] 2. Cut the seed potatoes weighing more than 250g into pieces. Prepare two or more cutting knives and soak them in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection. Cut one potato at a time with one knife to ensure that each seed potato has enough growth points and nutrients. Mix the cut seed potatoes to improve their disease resistance and stress resistance and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

[0016] 3. The base fertilizer consists of 100-200 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 8 parts of triple compound fertilizer, 5-10 parts of slow-release fertilizer and 0.2 parts of phoxim. Among them, decomposed farmyard manure provides organic matter and trace elements, triple compound fertilizer provides nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macroelements, slow-release fertilizer can continuously supply nutrients, and phoxim is used to prevent and control underground pests. Slow-release fertilizer must comply with the requirements of GB / T23348-2009 to ensure stable nutrient release and meet the needs of the potato growth cycle.

[0017] 4. Use a light and simple potato planting device to open the box, adopt a 1-meter box, double-row ridge cultivation, narrow row spacing of 33.3 cm, plant spacing of 30-38 cm, and manual staggered sowing. This planting method can make full use of land resources, increase planting density and yield. Apply base fertilizer at the same time as sowing to ensure sufficient nutrient supply. After sowing and fertilization, lift the soil and cover it into large ridges, which is conducive to drainage and heat preservation, and promotes the growth of potatoes. Mechanized operation has been achieved, which greatly improves planting efficiency and reduces labor intensity.

[0018] 5. Apply herbicides that meet the requirements of NY / T1997-2011 once after sowing until weeds in the field have 3-5 leaves to reduce the impact of weeds on potato growth. After the potato seedlings emerge, carry out intertillage, weeding and soiling to loosen the soil, improve soil permeability, and promote the growth and development of potato roots. Before and after flowering, focus on late blight disease prevention and control to ensure the healthy growth of potatoes.

[0019] 6. Deep tillage and application of base fertilizers such as decomposed farmyard manure improve the soil structure, soil fertility and permeability, and provide a good soil environment for potato growth. Reasonable planting density and scientific fertilization management, as well as effective pest and disease control measures, ensure the healthy growth, high yield and high quality of potatoes.

[0020] 7. Through seed dressing and application of pesticides such as phoxim, the occurrence of pests and diseases is effectively reduced, the amount of pesticides used is reduced, and the safety of agricultural products is improved. This planting method focuses on soil improvement and nutrient management, reduces the use of fertilizers and pesticides, and is conducive to protecting the ecological environment and promoting sustainable agricultural development.

[0021] Furthermore, the time from cutting to sowing of the seed potatoes processed in step 2 should not exceed 3 days in autumn, and should not exceed 7 days in winter and spring. If the seed potatoes used for autumn production have not broken dormancy, they need to be germinated in advance.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. After the seed potatoes are cut, their surface is easily damaged and exposed to the air, which may cause the seed potatoes to deteriorate or be infected with pathogens. By limiting the storage time of the seed potatoes, this situation can be minimized to ensure that the seed potatoes are in the best condition when sowing. After the seed potatoes are cut, the nutrients and water inside them will gradually be lost. If the storage time is too long, the vitality of the seed potatoes will drop significantly, thus affecting their germination rate and survival rate. Therefore, limiting the storage time helps to maintain the vitality of the seed potatoes.

[0023] 2. For seed potatoes that have not broken dormancy, early germination can stimulate their internal physiological mechanisms and prompt them to enter the germination stage early. This helps shorten the growth cycle of potatoes and increase yields. Seed potatoes that have been germinated are usually more resistant to stress. After sowing, they can adapt to the soil environment more quickly and resist the invasion of pests and diseases, thereby increasing the survival rate.

[0024] Furthermore, the decomposed farmyard manure in step three is spread before ploughing the land, and then the land is tilled and prepared.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The decomposed farmyard manure is rich in organic matter and microorganisms. These components can improve the soil aggregate structure, increase the looseness and air permeability of the soil, and are conducive to the growth and development of potato roots. At the same time, organic matter can also improve the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, providing a good soil environment for the growth of potatoes.

[0026] 2. Decomposed farmyard manure contains not only nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other macronutrients, but also a variety of trace elements and bioactive substances. These nutrients can be slowly released in the soil, providing a continuous and stable supply of nutrients for the growth of potatoes. Compared with chemical fertilizers, farmyard manure has more comprehensive nutrients and is more conducive to the growth and quality improvement of potatoes.

[0027] 3. The application of decomposed farmyard manure can increase the number of microorganisms in the soil and promote the reproduction and activity of microorganisms. These microorganisms can decompose organic matter in the soil, release nutrients, and inhibit the growth of pathogens, reducing the occurrence of potato diseases and pests.

[0028] 4. Spreading decomposed farmyard manure before ploughing the land and then rotary tilling the land can make the soil softer and finer, which is conducive to mechanized sowing, intertillage, soil cultivation and other operations. This can not only improve the efficiency of potato planting, but also reduce labor intensity and save labor costs.

[0029] Furthermore, when applying base fertilizer in step 4, compound fertilizer should be spread at intervals between seed potatoes to avoid burning sprouts and rotting seeds.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: 1. Compound fertilizers usually contain high nutrient concentrations. If they come into direct contact with seed potatoes, the soil nutrient concentration around the seed potatoes may be too high, resulting in a "bud burn" phenomenon, where the seed potatoes' tender shoots are damaged or even die due to excessive nutrient concentrations. In addition, excessive nutrient concentrations may also damage the protective layer on the surface of the seed potatoes, making them more susceptible to pathogens, leading to seed rot. Therefore, applying compound fertilizers at intervals can effectively avoid these problems and ensure that the seed potatoes can germinate and grow normally.

[0031] 2. Spreading compound fertilizers at intervals can make the fertilizers more evenly distributed in the soil and avoid excessive concentration of nutrients in local areas. This can not only reduce nutrient waste, but also improve nutrient utilization, so that potato plants can better absorb and utilize these nutrients, thereby promoting their growth and development.

[0032] 3. If compound fertilizer directly contacts the seed potatoes and is concentrated in large quantities, it may cause soil compaction, affecting the air permeability and water permeability of the soil. Interval application can avoid this situation, keeping the soil soft and breathable, which is conducive to the growth and development of potato roots.

[0033] Furthermore, in step five, for the inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling, apply 5-7.5 kg of urea per mu to promote seedling development depending on the seedling condition, and cultivate the soil again during the budding and early flowering stages to eventually achieve a field ridge shape with deep furrows, high ridges and thick soil.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. Intertillage can loosen the soil, improve the air permeability and water retention capacity of the soil, and is conducive to the growth and development of potato roots. At the same time, weeding can reduce the competition of weeds on potato plants, allowing them to obtain more light, water and nutrients, thereby promoting their healthy growth. Soil cultivation can increase the soil thickness and protect potato tubers from damage by the external environment. At the same time, soil cultivation can also make the soil more loose and breathable, which is conducive to the expansion and growth of potato tubers. Soil cultivation again during the budding stage and the initial flowering stage can further consolidate the soil environment and provide strong support for the later growth of potatoes.

[0035] 2. Urea is a commonly used nitrogen fertilizer that can provide the necessary nitrogen element for potato plants. Applying 5-7.5kg of urea per mu according to the seedling conditions can replenish the nutrients needed for plant growth in time and promote its rapid growth and development. This can not only increase the yield of potatoes, but also improve their quality. Through measures such as tillage, soil cultivation and topdressing, the soil environment for potato growth can be optimized. This can not only improve the utilization rate of nutrients, but also reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, creating conditions for high yield and high quality of potatoes.

[0036] 3. Deep trenches can ensure smooth drainage in the field and prevent waterlogging from harming potato plants. Especially in the rainy season, deep trenches can effectively prevent waterlogging and ensure the normal growth of potatoes. The high ridges can make the soil more loose and breathable, which is conducive to the increase of soil temperature. This can not only promote the growth and development of potato roots, but also increase the expansion rate of potato tubers. Thick ridges can provide sufficient protection for potato tubers to prevent them from being harmed by the external environment. At the same time, thick ridges can also reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests and improve the yield and quality of potatoes.

[0037] On the other hand, a light and simple potato planting device is provided, which is suitable for the above-mentioned light and simple mechanized potato planting method, including a mechanical arm, a cross bar is vertically fixedly connected to the middle part of the mechanical arm, and a sub-arm is symmetrically fixedly connected to the horizontal end of the cross bar, and the bottom end of the sub-arm is fixedly connected to a bulldozer assembly for crushing soil clods and pushing soil; a ridging shovel is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the mechanical arm, and the ridging shovel includes a shovel tip, and arc-shaped shovel surfaces are symmetrically fixedly connected on both sides of the shovel tip, and the arc-shaped shovel surfaces extend backward beyond the mechanical arm and are fixedly connected to soil guide plates, and the part of the front end of the arc-shaped shovel surface away from the shovel tip is fixedly connected to a trenching tip.

[0038] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: 1. This device realizes the mechanization and automation of the potato planting process through an integrated mechanical arm, a precisely designed auxiliary arm and an efficient bulldozer component. This not only greatly shortens the planting cycle, but also significantly improves the accuracy and uniformity of planting. Compared with traditional manual planting methods, this device can complete a series of complex operations such as ridge formation and furrowing more quickly, thereby greatly improving production efficiency while ensuring planting quality.

[0039] 2. The bulldozer assembly can crush soil clods and push the soil, making it finer and softer, which is conducive to the growth of potatoes. The special structural design of the ridging shovel can form a reasonable ridge structure and ensure that the work of sowing and applying base fertilizer can be carried out while lifting the soil, reducing the impact of the lifting and falling of the soil on the sowing depth. At the same time, the soil guide plate can guide the flow of soil to ensure that the ridge shape is neat and the soil is evenly distributed. The soil protection plate extends from the front end of the arc shovel face to the rear end of the soil guide plate, which can effectively prevent soil loss and seed potato exposure, and enhance the protection of the soil.

[0040] 3. With the acceleration of agricultural modernization, reducing the labor intensity of farmers and improving production efficiency have become important directions for agricultural development. This device simplifies the cumbersome planting process into simple operation control through mechanized operation, greatly reducing the labor intensity of farmers. This not only helps to improve farmers' work efficiency, but also allows them to have more time and energy to pay attention to the growth of crops and carry out more refined management.

[0041] Furthermore, the shovel surfaces used as groove tips are all inclined toward the shovel tip.

[0042] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The design of the furrow tip tilting toward the shovel tip allows the soil to flow forward more smoothly along the shovel surface during the ridge forming process and form a concentrated accumulation at the shovel tip. This helps to form a more compact and uniform ridge structure, improve soil utilization and crop yields.

[0043] 2. The inclined shovel surface forms a sharp edge at the tip of the furrow, which makes the furrowing process more efficient and accurate. Before sowing, the ridging shovel can easily cut into the soil to form a sowing furrow with moderate depth and uniform width, providing good conditions for subsequent sowing and fertilization.

[0044] 3. The inclined design helps to reduce the resistance of the soil to the shovel surface, reduce the energy consumption and wear of the ridging shovel. In the long-term use process, this design can extend the service life of the ridging shovel and reduce maintenance costs.

[0045] Furthermore, symmetrical soil retaining plates are vertically fixedly connected on both sides of the ridge shovel, and the soil retaining plates extend from the front end of the arc-shaped shovel face to the rear end of the soil guide plate.

[0046] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The existence of the soil retaining plate effectively prevents the soil from scattering and losing to both sides during the ridging process. Under the action of the mechanical arm and the ridging shovel, the soil is smoothly lifted and formed into a ridge shape, while the soil retaining plate acts like a barrier to ensure that the soil is accumulated to form a field ridge, thus preventing the soil from scattering during the ridging process.

[0047] 2. The soil retaining plate not only prevents the soil from scattering, but also guides the soil flow. Under the action of the arc-shaped shovel surface, the soil flows forward along the shovel surface and flows more smoothly to the rear end of the soil guide plate under the guidance of the soil retaining plate. This design makes the soil flow more orderly and efficient during the ridging process, which helps to improve the accuracy and efficiency of ridging.

[0048] Furthermore, the bulldozer assembly includes a bulldozer plate symmetrically facing the bottom end of the mechanical arm, and the bulldozer plate is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the auxiliary arm.

[0049] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: 1. The design of the bulldozer blade being rotatably connected to the bottom of the jib enables the bulldozer blade to be appropriately adjusted according to the hardness of the soil and the size of the resistance. When encountering harder soil, the bulldozer blade can apply greater pressure by rotating to better crush the soil. This design helps to increase the fineness of the soil and provide more favorable conditions for subsequent sowing and fertilization.

[0050] 2. The design of the rotating bulldozer plate enables the soil to form a more uniform soil layer during the pushing process. This helps to form a more compact and uniform ridge structure during the ridging process, thereby improving soil utilization and crop yields.

[0051] 3. The design of the bulldozer blades symmetrically facing the bottom of the mechanical arm enables the two bulldozer blades to work simultaneously during operation, forming a larger soil processing area. This helps to speed up the speed of soil crushing and pushing, and improves operating efficiency.

[0052] Furthermore, the bottom ends of the auxiliary arms are fixedly connected to bulldozer motors, the output shafts of the bulldozer motors horizontally pass through the bulldozer plates respectively, bulldozer rollers are coaxially fixedly connected between the output shafts of the bulldozer motors on both sides, and a plurality of bulldozer cones are vertically fixedly connected to the bulldozer rollers.

[0053] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: 1. The introduction of the bulldozer motor provides strong power support for the bulldozer assembly, allowing the bulldozer roller to crush and push the soil more effectively. This design significantly improves the soil processing capacity and speeds up the operation, thereby improving the overall efficiency of potato planting.

[0054] 2. The bulldozer cones fixed vertically on the bulldozer roller can penetrate deep into the soil during rotation, effectively break up the soil clods, and further break up the soil. This design helps to improve the aeration and water retention of the soil, providing a better soil environment for the growth of potatoes.

[0055] 3. The bulldozer not only breaks up the soil during rotation, but also mixes soil at different levels, making the nutrients in the soil more evenly distributed. This helps to improve the absorption and utilization rate of nutrients by potatoes and promote the healthy growth of crops.

[0056] 4. The design can adapt to soil conditions of different hardness and types. By adjusting the speed and force of the bulldozer motor, it can cope with various complex soil environments and ensure the smooth progress of potato planting operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a light and simple mechanized potato planting method in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 2 It is a first axonometric view of a lightweight mechanized potato planting device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 3 It is a side cross-sectional view of a light and simple mechanized potato planting device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 4 It is a second axonometric view of the lightweight mechanized potato planting device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 5 It is a third axonometric view of the lightweight mechanized potato planting device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. mechanical arm; 2. cross bar; 3. auxiliary arm; 4. shovel tip; 5. soil guide plate; 6. curved shovel surface; 7. trench tip; 8. bulldozer blade; 9. bulldozer motor; 10. bulldozer roller; 11. bulldozer cone; 12. soil retaining plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0064] Example 1

[0065] Basically as attached Figure 1 Shown: A light and simple mechanized potato planting method:

[0066] Step 1: Select and prepare the land. Choose neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam or loam with deep soil, loose soil, fertile soil, and not prone to waterlogging. Use a rotary tiller to deep till the soil 3-4 days before sowing, with a tillage depth of 25-30cm.

[0067] Step 2: Prepare seed potatoes. Cut seed potatoes weighing more than 250g into pieces. Prepare two or more cutting knives. Soak them in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection. Cut one type of potato alternately with one knife. Mix the cut seed potatoes for seed treatment. The time from cutting to sowing of the processed seed potatoes should not exceed 3 days in autumn and should not exceed 7 days in winter and spring. If the seed potatoes used for autumn production have not broken dormancy, they need to be germinated in advance.

[0068] Step three: prepare base fertilizer, which is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 8 parts of ternary compound fertilizer, 5-10 parts of slow-release fertilizer and 0.2 parts of phoxim, wherein phoxim is used to prevent and control underground pests, and the slow-release fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer that meets the requirements of GB / T23348-2009; the decomposed farmyard manure is spread before ploughing the land, and then the land is tilled and prepared.

[0069] Step 4: Use a lightweight potato planting device to open beds and form ridges, and accurately control the sowing depth. Use 1-meter beds, double-row ridges, narrow row spacing of 33.3 cm, plant spacing of 30-38 cm, manual staggered sowing, and a planting density of 3500-4500 plants per mu. After sowing and fertilizing, cover the soil to form large ridges. When applying base fertilizer, spread compound fertilizer at intervals between seed potatoes to avoid burning sprouts and rotting seeds.

[0070] Step 5: Mid-term management: Apply herbicide once after sowing until the weeds in the field have 3-5 leaves. Use herbicides that meet the requirements of NY / T1997-2011. After the potato seedlings emerge, carry out inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling. Before and after flowering, focus on late blight for disease prevention and control. During inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling, apply 5-7.5kg of urea per mu to promote seedling development depending on the seedling condition. Mulch again during the budding stage and early flowering stage to eventually achieve a field ridge shape with deep furrows, high ridges and thick soil.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] The difference from the above embodiment is that, as shown in the attached Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 Shown is a light and simple mechanized potato planting device, including a mechanical arm 1, a cross bar 2 is vertically fixedly connected to the middle of the mechanical arm 1, and a sub-arm 3 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the horizontal end of the cross bar 2. The bottom end of the sub-arm 3 is fixedly connected to a bulldozer assembly for crushing soil clods and pushing soil. The bottom end of the mechanical arm 1 is fixedly connected to a ridging shovel, and the ridging shovel includes a shovel tip 4, and arc-shaped shovel surfaces 6 are symmetrically fixedly connected on both sides of the shovel tip 4. The arc-shaped shovel surfaces 6 extend backward beyond the mechanical arm 1 and are fixedly connected to soil guide plates 5. The front end of the arc-shaped shovel surface 6 is fixedly connected to a trench tip 7, and the trench tip 7 is inclined toward the shovel tip 4. Symmetrical soil retaining plates 12 are vertically fixedly connected to both sides of the ridging shovel. The soil retaining plates 12 extend from the front end of the arc-shaped shovel surface 6 to the rear end of the soil guide plate 5.

[0073] The bulldozer assembly includes a bulldozer plate 8 symmetrically facing the bottom end of the mechanical arm 1, the bulldozer plate 8 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the auxiliary arm 3, the bottom end of the auxiliary arm 3 is fixedly connected to a bulldozer motor 9, the output shafts of the bulldozer motor 9 respectively pass horizontally through the bulldozer plate 8, and a bulldozer roller 10 is coaxially fixedly connected between the output shafts of the bulldozer motors 9 on both sides, and a plurality of bulldozer cones 11 are vertically fixedly connected to the bulldozer roller 10.

[0074] The specific implementation process is as follows: During the ridging process, a driving force is used to pull a lightweight potato planting device to carry out ridging, furrowing and sowing of potatoes, so as to improve the mechanization of the potato planting process and reduce labor costs and labor intensity. The device is designed to be relatively light and simple, and can be pulled by a small vehicle (such as an electric vehicle) or even manpower for furrowing. The soil has become soft after spreading well-rotted farmyard manure and plowing. The traction mechanical arm 1 drives the ridging shovel to dig furrows on the land surface. The excavated soil slides to both sides and upward along the relatively smooth arc-shaped shovel surface 6 to avoid the excavated soil from accumulating in front of the shovel, and the trenching tips 7 on both sides of the arc-shaped shovel surface 6 also dig up the soil on both sides of the two ridges. While opening the planting furrows, drainage ditches are opened on both sides. At the same time, the soil on both sides is gathered to the middle to increase the amount of soil for ridging. The soil excavated by the shovel tip 4 and the trenching tip 7 is vertically The soil retaining plate 12 blocks the soil from gathering on the shovel surface at the bottom of the mechanical arm 1. In order to further prevent soil accumulation, the bulldozer plate 8 on the bottom of the auxiliary arm 3 can prevent soil from splashing to both sides in the front. The output shaft of the bulldozer motor 9 at the end of the auxiliary arm 3 rotates to drive the bulldozer roller 10 and the bulldozer cone 11 to rotate, which can not only push the loose soil in front of the shovel tip 4 to climb onto the arc-shaped shovel surface 6, but also crush the accumulated soil, making the soil used for ridge formation softer and more breathable, which is beneficial to the germination and growth of potatoes. The trenching width is between 30-40cm.

[0075] After trenching, the soil pushed onto the arc shovel surface 6 is affected by the thrust of the bulldozer plate 8 and the bulldozer roller 10, and climbs up the soil guide plate 5 under the constraint of the soil retaining plate 12, and finally falls down at the tail of the soil guide plate 5 to form a soil ridge, making the trenching process more efficient and accurate, and the whole process does not require manual operation, which not only saves the labor cost of potato planting, but also improves the efficiency of the planting process, which is conducive to the high yield and high quality of potatoes.

[0076] Potato planting trials using this method:

[0077] 1. This experiment was a field experiment with a randomized block design. According to the light mechanized potato planting method, two treatments were set up: light mechanized potato planting device furrow planting and traditional manual planting. There were three replicates and six plots with an area of ​​13.625m 2 The plot spacing is 40cm, the protection row is 60cm, the 1m opening is adopted, double row ridge cultivation is adopted, the narrow row spacing is 33.3cm, the plant spacing is 33.3cm, the artificial staggered sowing is adopted, and the base fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer are applied once at the time of sowing. Sowing was carried out on March 20 and harvesting was carried out on September 1. Other field management was consistent with the local fields.

[0078] 2. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to analyze the experimental data, and SPSS25.0 software was used to perform variance analysis on the experimental data.

[0079] The results are shown in the following table:

[0080] Table 1. Effect of light mechanized potato planting method on potato yield

[0081]

[0082] The potatoes harvested in the experimental field using the lightweight potato planting device for furrow planting were higher in terms of single-plant weight and per-acre yield than those harvested using traditional manual planting, indicating that the use of the lightweight potato planting device to accurately control the potato sowing depth has a beneficial effect on potato production quality and yield.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] The difference from the above embodiment is that the base fertilizer formula in step three can also be made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-30 parts of organic fertilizer, 8 parts of ternary compound fertilizer, 5-10 parts of slow-release fertilizer and 0.2 parts of phoxim.

[0085] Specific implementation process: When using organic fertilizer instead of decomposed farmyard manure, the organic fertilizer can be mixed evenly with compound fertilizer and other ingredients, and spread between the seed potatoes or on the side of the ditch after sowing, reducing the tediousness of spreading base fertilizer.

[0086] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0087] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention. The common sense such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field know all the common technical knowledge in the technical field of the invention before the application date or priority date, can obtain all the existing technologies in the field, and have the ability to apply the conventional experimental means before that date. The ordinary technicians in the relevant field can improve and implement this scheme in combination with their own abilities under the enlightenment given by this application. Some typical known structures or known methods should not become obstacles for ordinary technicians in the relevant field to implement this application. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, which will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A light and simple mechanized potato planting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Select and prepare the land. Choose neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam or loam with deep soil, loose soil, fertile soil, and not prone to waterlogging. Use a rotary tiller to deeply till the soil 3-4 days before sowing. The rotary tillage depth is 25-30cm. Step 2: Prepare seed potatoes, cut more than 250g of seed potatoes into pieces, prepare more than two cutting knives, soak and disinfect them in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution, cut one potato at a time, and mix the cut seed potatoes; Step 3: prepare base fertilizer, which is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 8 parts of triple compound fertilizer, 5-10 parts of slow-release fertilizer and 0.2 parts of phoxim, wherein phoxim is used to control underground pests; Step 4: Use a light and simple potato planting device to open and ridge the field, and accurately control the sowing depth. Use a 1-meter-wide field, double-row ridge cultivation, a narrow row spacing of 33.3 cm, a plant spacing of 30-38 cm, manual staggered sowing, and a planting density of 3500-4500 plants per mu. After sowing and fertilizing, cover the field with soil to form large ridges. Step 5: Mid-term management: Apply herbicide once after sowing until the weeds in the field have 3-5 leaves. After the potato seedlings emerge, carry out inter-row cultivation, weeding and soil fertilization. Before and after flowering, focus on disease prevention and control of late blight.

2. The light and simple mechanized potato planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time from cutting to sowing of the processed seed potatoes in step 2 should not exceed 3 days in autumn, and should not exceed 7 days in winter and spring. If the seed potatoes used for autumn production have not broken dormancy, they need to be germinated in advance.

3. The light and simple mechanized potato planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The decomposed farmyard manure in step three should be spread before plowing the land, and then the land should be tilled and prepared.

4. The light and simple mechanized potato planting method according to claim 3, characterized in that: When applying base fertilizer in step 4, spread the compound fertilizer at intervals between the seed potatoes to avoid burning the sprouts and rotting the seeds.

5. The light and simple mechanized potato planting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step five, for the inter-row cultivation, weeding and soiling, apply 5-7.5 kg of urea per mu to promote seedling development depending on the seedling condition. Soil should be cultivated again during the budding and early flowering stages to eventually achieve a field ridge shape with deep furrows, high ridges and thick soil.

6. A light-weight mechanized potato planting device, suitable for the light-weight mechanized potato planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The mechanical arm (1) comprises a crossbar (2) which is vertically fixedly connected to the middle of the mechanical arm (1), a sub-arm (3) which is symmetrically fixedly connected to the horizontal end of the crossbar (2), and a bulldozer assembly which is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sub-arm (3) for crushing soil clods and pushing soil; The bottom end of the mechanical arm (1) is fixedly connected to a ridging shovel, which comprises a shovel tip (4), and arc-shaped shovel surfaces (6) are symmetrically fixedly connected to both sides of the shovel tip (4), the arc-shaped shovel surfaces (6) extend backward beyond the mechanical arm (1) and are fixedly connected to soil guide plates (5), and the front end of the arc-shaped shovel surface (6) away from the shovel tip (4) is fixedly connected to a trenching tip (7).

7. The light and simple mechanized potato planting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The shovel surfaces forming the groove tip (7) are all inclined toward the shovel tip (4).

8. The light and simple mechanized potato planting device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Symmetrical soil retaining plates (12) are vertically fixedly connected to both sides of the ridging shovel, and the soil retaining plates (12) extend from the front end of the arc-shaped shovel surface (6) to the rear end of the soil guide plate (5).

9. The light-weight mechanized potato planting device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bulldozer assembly comprises a bulldozer plate (8) symmetrically facing the bottom end of the mechanical arm (1), and the bulldozer plate (8) is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the auxiliary arm (3).

10. The light and simple mechanized potato planting device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The bottom ends of the auxiliary arms (3) are fixedly connected to bulldozer motors (9), the output shafts of the bulldozer motors (9) respectively pass horizontally through the bulldozer plates (8), bulldozer rollers (10) are coaxially fixedly connected between the output shafts of the bulldozer motors (9) on both sides, and a plurality of bulldozer cones (11) are vertically fixedly connected to the bulldozer rollers (10).

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