Saline-alkali land cotton cultivation method capable of reducing salt content and alkali content

Abstract

The invention discloses a salt-light alkali-reducing cultivation method for cotton in saline-alkali soil, and relates to the technical field of cotton planting. Comprising the following steps: deeply ploughing a cotton field, applying a base fertilizer, and irrigating to make entropy to obtain a to-be-sown cotton field; cotton sowing is carried out by adopting a direct-seeding plastic film mulching method and a machine-harvested cotton planting mode, the sowing depth is controlled to be 2.5-3.5 cm, the soil covering width is 5-7 cm, the soil covering thickness is 0.5-1 cm, the one-grain rate is larger than or equal to 95%, and the hole rate is smaller than or equal to 3%; after-sowing management is conducted in the cotton seedling stage, timely intertillage is conducted, and meanwhile leaf fertilizer is sprayed according to the cotton cotyledon stage to the two-leaf stage, the 3-4-leaf stage and the 4-leaf stage; performing water and fertilizer management in a cotton bud stage, performing intertillage, and performing foliage dressing at the same time; in the cotton flowering and boll-forming period, water dripping fertilizer is conducted according to the entropy condition, topping is conducted in good time, meanwhile, fertilizer is applied to regulate and control the plant type, and fertilizer is applied according to the premature senility trend and the snooze growth vigor; disease, pest and weed control is carried out in the sowing period. The cultivation method is suitable for saline-alkaline cotton fields in Xinjiang and is an effective means for increasing the cotton yield and improving soil conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of cotton planting, and in particular to a method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land by reducing salt and alkali. Background Art

[0002] The formation of saline soil is a complex dynamic process caused by the combined effects of geology, topography, climate, and human activities. The high salt content of saline soil leads to poor physical structure, low microbial activity, easy compaction, poor water retention, and low fertility, which in turn affects the absorption of plant nutrients and water, making it impossible to meet the normal physiological needs of plants, inhibiting the growth of crops, and seriously restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. Saline soil is distributed in low-lying, high-groundwater, semi-humid, semi-arid, and arid inland areas, such as the northwest region of my country, mainly in Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and other provinces. Among them, the total area of ​​salinized soil in Xinjiang is as high as 1.4×10hm 2 Xinjiang is rich in heat but has an arid climate, scarce precipitation, high soil evaporation intensity, and shallow groundwater, which easily leads to salt accumulation and aggravates the degree of soil salinization. Eventually, it gradually evolved into a salinized area, basically forming a Ca 2+ Mg 2 + 、Na + , K + , Cl - 、SO4 2- , HCO 3- 、CO3 2- Saline soil is mainly composed of plasma. When these ions continue to accumulate and precipitate on the soil surface, salt frost will be formed, causing the soil to appear white.

[0003] Cotton is an important cash crop in my country. The climate conditions in Xinjiang are suitable for cotton growth, especially the high temperature and dry climate in summer, which provides a good environment for the growth of cotton. Therefore, Xinjiang is the largest cotton producing area in my country. However, saline-alkali soil is also the main obstacle factor of Xinjiang soil. In the cotton production in Xinjiang saline-alkali land, urea + ammonium phosphate + potassium chloride are often used, and the soil is leached by drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and other irrigation methods to achieve the purpose of reducing salt and alkali. Although the traditional leaching and desalination method can effectively reduce the salt content of the soil, it requires a large amount of water source and a good drainage system. The saline-alkali area in Xinjiang is a place with inland water resources shortage and cannot support a large amount of salt and alkali reduction work. Therefore, the improvement effect of Xinjiang saline-alkali land governance and cotton quality and yield is not very obvious. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the comprehensive measures of Xinjiang saline-alkali land improvement and cotton cultivation, and adopt effective irrigation and salt drainage technology to improve cotton yield and water use efficiency. Based on this, the present application proposes a cultivation method for reducing salt and alkali in saline-alkali land cotton. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land with reduced salt and alkali, aiming to solve the technical problems of the existing methods for the management of saline-alkali land in Xinjiang and the need to improve cotton yield.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application proposes a method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land with reduced salt and alkali, such as Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0006] S1, deep plowing the cotton field and applying basal fertilizer, and then irrigating to create entropy, to obtain a cotton field to be sown;

[0007] S2, sowing cotton in the cotton field to be sown by using a direct seeding mulch covering method and a machine-picked cotton planting mode, and controlling the sowing depth to be 2.5-3.5 cm, the covering soil width to be 5-7 cm, the covering soil thickness to be 0.5-1 cm, the one-grain rate to be ≥95%, and the hole rate to be ≤3%;

[0008] S3. Carry out post-sowing management at the cotton seedling stage, and timely inter-cultivate the soil. At the same time, spray foliar fertilizer according to the cotton cotyledon stage to 2-leaf stage, 3-4-leaf stage and 4-leaf stage;

[0009] S4. Carry out water and fertilizer management during the cotton bud stage, carry out inter-cultivation, and apply foliar fertilizer at the same time;

[0010] S5. During the cotton flowering and boll stage, drip fertilizer is applied according to the entropy situation, and topping is carried out in time. At the same time, fertilizer is added to regulate the plant shape, and fertilizer is applied separately according to the premature aging trend and greedy green growth;

[0011] S6. Carry out pest and disease control during sowing.

[0012] Optionally, the step of deep ploughing the cotton field, applying basal fertilizer, and then irrigating the field to generate entropy comprises:

[0013] After the cotton field is prepared, deep tillage is carried out to 30 to 35 cm;

[0014] The cotton fields were divided into northern Xinjiang cotton fields and southern Xinjiang cotton fields. For the northern Xinjiang cotton fields, soil and miscellaneous fertilizers were applied at a rate of 2 to 3 tons per mu, and the first compound fertilizer was applied at a rate of 25 to 30 kg per mu. Ten days before sowing, 40 to 60 m 3 / mu of irrigation volume for irrigation;

[0015] For the cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, 1-2 tons / mu of manure or 0.1-0.2 tons / mu of oil residue is applied, and 30-40 kg / mu of the first compound fertilizer is applied. Ten days before sowing, 500-650 m 3 / mu of irrigation volume for irrigation;

[0016] The first compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen content is 20%, the phosphorus content is 15%, and the potassium content is 5%.

[0017] Optionally, the step of sowing cotton by using the direct seeding mulch covering method and the machine-picked cotton planting mode includes:

[0018] The direct seeding and mulching method is adopted. When the ground temperature at 5cm exceeds 14℃ under the mulching condition, the machine-picked cotton planting mode of one film and six rows or one film and three rows is adopted for cotton sowing, and a lighting belt of ≥5cm is set on the outside of the side row.

[0019] Optionally, the step of performing post-sowing management at the cotton seedling stage, cultivating the cotton timely, and spraying foliar fertilizer respectively according to the cotton cotyledon stage to 2-leaf stage, 3-4-leaf stage and 4-leaf stage includes:

[0020] During the cotton seedling stage, drip water for emergence, and apply a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 3-5kg / mu, and cultivate the soil 1-2 times in time after emergence;

[0021] Then, spray amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves at a rate of 30-50g / mu during the cotton cotyledon stage to the 2-leaf stage;

[0022] Spraying the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves at a dosage of 50-60 g / mu when the cotton is in the 3-4 leaf stage;

[0023] When cotton is in the 4-leaf stage, spray the leaves with trace element water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 50g / mu;

[0024] The nitrogen content of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is ≥390 g / L, the amino acid content is ≥3 g / L, and the pH value is 2-3; the trace element water-soluble fertilizer contains iron, manganese, zinc, boron and molybdenum.

[0025] Optionally, after step S3, the method further includes:

[0026] When weak seedlings appear in the cotton seedling stage, spray the macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves 1 to 2 times at a dosage of 2 to 3 kg / mu.

[0027] Optionally, the step of performing water and fertilizer management, inter-cultivation, and foliar fertilization during the cotton bud stage includes:

[0028] After the first watering time is determined according to the field soil moisture and seedling conditions during the cotton bud stage, water is dripped every 7 to 10 days, and the macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, drip irrigation fertilizer and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer are dripped at the same time; wherein the macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer is 3 to 4 kg / mu, the drip irrigation fertilizer is 2 to 3 kg / mu and the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is 30 to 50 g / mu;

[0029] In the cotton bud formation stage, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied at a dosage of 60-80 g / mu; in the cotton full bud stage, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied at a dosage of 80-100 g / mu, and 0.3-0.5 g / mu of mepiquat is used in combination; in the cotton initial flowering stage, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied twice at a dosage of 150-200 g / mu and 200-300 g / mu respectively, and 1-1.5 g / mu of mepiquat is used in combination each time;

[0030] If the soil type of the cotton field is loam or clay, inter-cultivation should be carried out 1 to 2 times during the cotton bud stage; if the soil type of the cotton field is sandy loam, inter-cultivation should be carried out once or no inter-cultivation should be carried out during the cotton bud stage; the inter-cultivation depth is 16 to 18 cm.

[0031] Applying foliar fertilizer to cotton by spraying the water-soluble trace element fertilizer at a dosage of 100 g / mu, and applying the second compound fertilizer 1 to 2 times at a dosage of 100 to 200 g / mu to weak seedlings;

[0032] Wherein, the drip irrigation fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 22%, a phosphorus content of 13% and a potassium content of 10%; the second compound fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 10%, a phosphorus content of 30% and a potassium content of 20%.

[0033] Optionally, the step of dripping fertilizer according to entropy conditions during the cotton flowering and boll formation period includes:

[0034] In the early stage of cotton flowering, the drip irrigation fertilizer is drip-applied at a dosage of 3-5 kg / mu, and then in July, the drip irrigation fertilizer is drip-applied once every 5-6 days at a dosage of 7-10 kg / mu, and in August, the drip irrigation fertilizer is drip-applied once every 7-10 days, and from late August to early September, the second compound fertilizer is drip-applied twice at a dosage of 2-5 kg / mu.

[0035] Optionally, the step of timely topping and applying fertilizer to regulate plant shape includes:

[0036] For the cotton fields in northern Xinjiang, topping is performed when the plant height is 60-65 cm and the number of fruit branches is more than 7; for the cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, topping is performed when the plant height is 75-90 cm and the number of fruit branches is more than 9;

[0037] In the pre-blooming to full-blooming stage of cotton, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is drip-applied at a dosage of 300-500g / mu to regulate the plant shape; in the full-blooming stage of cotton, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is drip-applied at a dosage of 200-400g / mu, and 1.5-3g / mu of mepiquat is used in combination; 5 days after topping, when the top fruit branches extend 5-7cm, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is drip-applied at a dosage of 200-400g / mu, and 2-3g / mu of mepiquat is used in combination.

[0038] Optionally, the step of fertilizing separately for the premature aging trend and the greedy green growth trend includes:

[0039] For cotton fields with a tendency to premature aging, the second compound fertilizer is applied once every 7 to 10 days at a dosage of 3 kg / mu, and then the drip irrigation fertilizer is applied at a dosage of 1 to 2 kg / mu, and the tail water time is delayed;

[0040] For the cotton fields that are growing rapidly, when the drip irrigation fertilizer is applied in July and August, the drip irrigation fertilizer is replaced with the second compound fertilizer, and the tail water volume is controlled to stop watering early.

[0041] Optionally, the step of controlling pests and diseases during sowing includes:

[0042] Spray the herbicide before raking, and mix the herbicide with the soil evenly at a mixing depth of 8 to 12 cm. After the cotton seedlings emerge, perform intertillage 1 to 2 times;

[0043] When plants with Verticillium wilt disease appear, they are pulled out and taken out of the field for destruction, and 50% carbendazim and the second compound fertilizer are mixed and applied at the same time;

[0044] Pests are controlled by combining chemical control with biological control.

[0045] This application includes at least the following beneficial effects:

[0046] The present application aims at planting cotton in saline-alkali land in Xinjiang. First, after deep plowing and applying sufficient base fertilizer, irrigation is carried out to generate entropy to reduce evaporation of the plow layer, improve soil structure, and thus reduce soil salt content. Then, cotton is planted by using a direct seeding mulch covering method and a machine-picked cotton planting mode to improve sowing quality. The mulch covering can increase the depth of water penetration, reduce water evaporation, and thus regulate the water-salt movement of the soil, thereby achieving the purpose of inhibiting the enrichment of soil salt to the soil surface with evaporation, thereby reducing the salt content of the surface soil. Then, post-sowing management is carried out for the cotton seedling stage, bud stage, and flower and boll stage, and targeted fertilization is carried out to increase cotton yield and improve cotton quality. After water and fertilizer management, the porosity of the soil can also be changed, the soil permeability can be increased, and the soil can be activated. Nutrients are produced so that the salt in the soil is absorbed and transferred after reactions such as replacement and neutralization, creating a good growth environment for root growth, and then fertilizing and managing the cotton fields with premature aging trends and those with greedy growth separately. At the same time, pests and diseases are controlled during the planting process to prevent premature aging and greedy growth of the roots, strengthen bolls and seeds, improve quality and increase yield, and promote steady growth. The cotton finally cultivated in this application has good performance in indicators such as plant type, lodging resistance, and number of cotton bolls, and the cotton yield is greatly increased. At the same time, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved, and the pH value of the root microenvironment of crops in saline-alkali land and the salt content of the soil are reduced. It has been verified that the cultivation method of the present application is suitable for saline-alkali cotton fields in Xinjiang, and is an effective means to increase cotton yield and improve soil conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land with reduced salt and alkali as described in the embodiments of the present application;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a comparison diagram of cotton plant and leaf morphology described in the examples of this application;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a comparison diagram of the cross-section of the cotton stem described in the embodiments of the present application.

[0051] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] Commonly used methods for reducing salt and alkali in the prior art include physical, chemical, biological, and irrigation and drainage methods. Physical methods mainly change the physical structure of the cultivated soil, such as deep burial of straw, mulching, tillage to conserve moisture, deep ploughing and fertilization, and land leveling, so as to increase the water penetration depth and reduce the evaporation of water to regulate the water and salt movement of the soil, so as to inhibit the enrichment of soil salt to the soil surface with evaporation. Chemical methods mainly add improved substances to saline soil, such as calcium-containing materials, acidic materials, etc., so that the salt in the soil undergoes chemical reactions such as replacement and neutralization, and then is discharged from the soil with water, while changing the porosity of the soil, increasing soil permeability, improving soil structure, and inhibiting the accumulation of salt to the surface with water. The biological method is mainly to directly or indirectly plant salt-absorbing, salt-tolerant and salt-secreting plants on salinized soil, such as Salicornia herba, Salicornia salicorniae, Sesbania sempervirens, Phragmites australis, Aneurolepidium indica and Tamarix chinensis, etc., and use the growth of plant roots to improve the physical and chemical properties of saline soil, thereby absorbing and transferring soil salt, reducing evaporation from the cultivated layer and improving soil structure. The leaching and desalination of irrigation and drainage is based on the characteristics of soil water and salt movement, and the construction of relevant water conservancy facilities creates good drainage conditions. The irrigation method is combined with open ditches, concealed pipes, vertical shafts and other drainage methods to dissolve the soluble salt ions on the soil surface and then enter the drainage ditch or deep soil through the infiltration of water, thereby reducing the salt content of the surface soil.

[0054] However, physical methods have a long cycle and are not very effective in improving saline-alkali land in Xinjiang. Chemical methods such as the traditional application of calcium sulfate can neutralize acidic substances in the soil and reduce salt and alkali, but the application amount is large, the investment is high, and calcium precipitation will be formed. Large-scale application can easily destroy the soil structure and cause soil compaction. Biological methods such as halophytes can absorb soil salt, but Xinjiang is vast, the investment cost is high, and the cycle is long and the speed is slow. The traditional leaching and desalination method can effectively reduce the salt content of the soil, but it requires a large amount of water and a good drainage system. The saline-alkali area in Xinjiang is an inland area with a shortage of water resources and cannot support a large amount of salt and alkali reduction work.

[0055] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land with reduced salt and alkali, comprising the following steps:

[0056] S0. Variety selection

[0057] Select high-yield, Verticillium wilt-resistant, high-quality early-to-mid-maturing cotton varieties with good early maturity, plant type I-II, moderate leaf size, strong adaptability.

[0058] S1. Preparation before sowing

[0059] S10. Deep plowing of cotton fields: After the cotton fields are prepared, deep plowing is performed to a depth of 30 to 35 cm. The quality requirements for the preparation of the fields are: even, flat, loose, broken, clean, and moist. After each operation, the stubble and film residues should be picked up.

[0060] S11. Apply sufficient basal fertilizer: divide the cotton fields into northern Xinjiang cotton fields and southern Xinjiang cotton fields. For the northern Xinjiang cotton fields, apply soil and miscellaneous fertilizers at a fertilizer amount of 2-3 tons / mu, and apply the first compound fertilizer at a fertilizer amount of 25-30 kg / mu; for the southern Xinjiang cotton fields, apply stable manure at a fertilizer amount of 1-2 tons / mu or oil residue at a fertilizer amount of 0.1-0.2 tons / mu, and apply the first compound fertilizer at a fertilizer amount of 30-40 kg / mu.

[0061] S12, Entropy creation: 10 days before sowing, cotton fields in northern Xinjiang are heated to 40-60m 3 / mu of irrigation; cotton fields in southern Xinjiang should be irrigated at 500-650m 10 days before sowing. 3 / mu of irrigation, of which 100-150m3 of water is used for water storage and salt suppression in winter or spring. 3 / mu.

[0062] S2. Seeding

[0063] S21. Use the direct seeding and mulching method. When the ground temperature at 5cm is stably above 14℃ under the mulching condition, sowing can be done.

[0064] S22. Use machine-picked cotton planting and one-film 6-row mode or one-film 3-row mode for cotton sowing; one-film 6-row mode means: row spacing is 66+10+66+10+66+10cm, plant spacing is 10cm, and density is 16718 plants / mu; one-film 3-row mode means: equal row spacing is 76cm, and plant spacing is 5.5cm.

[0065] S23. Control the sowing depth to 2.5-3.5cm, the soil covering width to 5-7cm, the soil covering thickness to 0.5-1cm, the one-grain rate to ≥95%, the hole rate to ≤3%, and set a lighting belt of ≥5cm on the outside of the side row. The sowing row should be straight, the width should be accurate, and the sowing should be to the edge and the end.

[0066] Cotton is managed in stages after sowing:

[0067] S3, Seedling Stage

[0068] S31. During the cotton seedling stage, drip water on the seedlings and apply a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer with elements at a rate of 3-5kg / mu to free the dislocated cotton seedlings in time. After freeing the cotton seedlings, the holes must be sealed in time. After sealing the holes, the film surface should be kept clean and the lighting area should be large.

[0069] S32. After the seedlings emerge, timely tillage should be carried out 1 to 2 times. According to the actual weather conditions and the target progress, early tillage and shallow tillage can be carried out.

[0070] S33. Spray amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves at a rate of 30-50 g / mu during the cotyledon to 2-leaf stage of cotton; spray the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves at a rate of 50-60 g / mu during the 3-4-leaf stage of cotton; spray trace element water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves at a rate of 50 g / mu during the 4-leaf stage of cotton.

[0071] S34. When weak seedlings appear in the cotton seedling stage, spray the macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves at a dosage of 2 to 3 kg / mu 1 to 2 times.

[0072] Specifically, cotton germination water is also called dry sowing and wet emergence. When the soil is dry before sowing, the seeds are directly sown. The water that is dripped once before germination after sowing is the germination water.

[0073] S4, bud stage

[0074] S41. Determine the first watering time according to the field soil moisture and seedling conditions. Water the cotton field with weak seedlings in advance and postpone watering the field with vigorous seedlings. Water once every 7 to 10 days and drip-apply the macro-element water-soluble fertilizer, drip irrigation fertilizer and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at the same time; wherein the amount of the macro-element water-soluble fertilizer is 3 to 4 kg / mu, the amount of the drip irrigation fertilizer is 2 to 3 kg / mu and the amount of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is 30 to 50 g / mu.

[0075] S42. According to the seedling conditions, apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a dosage of 60-80 g / mu during the cotton bud formation stage; apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a dosage of 80-100 g / mu during the cotton full bud stage, and use 0.3-0.5 g / mu of mepiquat in the cotton field with vigorous seedlings; apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer twice at a dosage of 150-200 g / mu and 200-300 g / mu respectively during the cotton initial flowering stage, and use 1-1.5 g / mu of mepiquat in the cotton field with vigorous seedlings each time.

[0076] Specifically, mepiquat is a plant growth regulator. When used in combination with the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer of the present application, it has a delaying effect on the nutritional growth of cotton. It can be absorbed by the leaves and roots of cotton and transmitted to the whole plant, reducing the activity of gibberellins in the cotton plant, thereby inhibiting cell elongation, weakening the growth of terminal buds, controlling the vertical and horizontal growth of cotton, shortening the internodes of cotton, making the plant compact, the leaf color deep, the leaf area reduced, and enhancing the synthesis of chlorophyll to prevent excessive growth of cotton.

[0077] S43. If the soil type of the cotton field is loam or clay, inter-cultivation should be carried out 1 to 2 times during the cotton bud stage. If the soil type of the cotton field is sandy loam, inter-cultivation should be carried out once or not at all during the cotton bud stage; the inter-cultivation depth should be 16 to 18 cm.

[0078] S44, applying foliar fertilizer to the cotton by spraying the trace element water-soluble fertilizer at a dosage of 100 g / mu, and applying the second compound fertilizer on the leaves at a dosage of 100-200 g / mu 1-2 times for weak seedlings.

[0079] S5, Flowering and Boll Stage

[0080] S51. According to the entropy conditions, the drip irrigation fertilizer is drip-applied at a dosage of 3-5 kg / mu in the early stage of cotton flowering, and then the drip irrigation fertilizer is drip-applied once every 5-6 days in July at a dosage of 7-10 kg / mu, and the drip irrigation fertilizer is drip-applied once every 7-10 days in August, and the second compound fertilizer is drip-applied twice at a dosage of 2-5 kg / mu from late August to early September.

[0081] S52. For cotton fields in northern Xinjiang, topping is carried out when the plant height is 60-65cm and the number of fruit branches is more than 7; for cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, topping is carried out when the plant height is 75-90cm and the number of fruit branches is more than 9, and topping is completed in mid-July.

[0082] S53. In the pre-blooming to full-blooming stage of cotton, drip-apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a dosage of 300-500g / mu to regulate the plant shape; in the full-blooming stage of cotton, drip-apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a dosage of 200-400g / mu, and simultaneously use 1.5-3g / mu of mepiquat in the cotton field for vigorous seedlings; 5 days after topping, when the top fruit branches extend 5-7cm, drip-apply the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a dosage of 200-400g / mu, and simultaneously use 2-3g / mu of mepiquat for two consecutive adjustments.

[0083] S54. For cotton fields with a tendency to premature aging, the second compound fertilizer is supplemented once every 7 to 10 days at a dosage of 3 kg / mu, and the drip irrigation fertilizer is supplemented at a dosage of 1 to 2 kg / mu to prevent fertilizer deficiency during the flowering and boll formation period, and to delay the tail watering time, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of premature aging and Verticillium wilt;

[0084] For the cotton fields that grow too fast, since they are prone to vigorous growth under high temperature, when the drip irrigation fertilizer is drip-applied from July to August, the drip irrigation fertilizer is replaced with the second compound fertilizer, and the tail water volume is controlled to stop watering early.

[0085] S6. Carry out pest and disease control during sowing.

[0086] S61. Weeds

[0087] Spray herbicide on the soil to seal it before raking. After raking, mix the soil to a depth of about 10 cm to evenly mix the herbicide and soil. After the cotton seedlings emerge, cultivate the soil 1 to 2 times depending on the cotton growth, climate, and soil conditions.

[0088] Specifically, the herbicide used is 33% pendimethalin, and the spraying amount is 180-200 g / mu.

[0089] S62, Verticillium wilt

[0090] Select disease-resistant varieties, rotate crops, plough in autumn and irrigate in winter, treat seeds, strengthen management during the seedling stage, etc. When the plants with Verticillium wilt begin to appear, pull them out of the field and destroy them, and apply 50% carbendazim and the second compound fertilizer to promote growth.

[0091] S63. Use chemical control combined with biological control to control pests.

[0092] (1) For cotton thrips, cutworms, and aphids:

[0093] After all the seedlings emerge, spray with pesticides in time for prevention. The pesticides can be biological pesticides such as imidacloprid and acetamiprid.

[0094] (2) Targeting cotton aphids:

[0095] Biological control is mainly carried out, with physical control using yellow boards and chemical control methods, to protect and utilize natural enemies and give full play to the role of biological control; at the same time, based on the benefit-harm ratio, when the benefit-harm ratio exceeds 1:150 and the leaf curling rate is >30%, chemical spray control can be considered.

[0096] (3) For cotton bollworm:

[0097] Choose insect-resistant varieties;

[0098] Physical control: winter tillage and winter irrigation, planting corn traps, sex traps, and frequency vibration insecticidal lamps to attract adult insects;

[0099] Biological control: using natural enemies;

[0100] Chemical control: spraying avermectin, pyrethroids, organophosphorus and mixed pesticides.

[0101] (4) For red spider mites:

[0102] Spot control is the main method, and cotton plants with yellow-white spots, yellow-red spots, or red leaves are treated with spot control; at the same time, avermectin, chlorfenapyr, hexathiapyr and other pesticides are used for spray control to also control cotton thrips and aphids; winter plowing and winter irrigation are used to reduce the density of overwintering insects; weeds on the edges of fields are removed to reduce pest habitats.

[0103] In the specific implementation process, the first compound fertilizer described in this application is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen content is 20%, the phosphorus content is 15%, and the potassium content is 5%. Its main functions are: improving the soil, activating nutrients, creating a suitable growth environment for seedlings; balancing the supply of early nutrients, promoting root growth and strengthening seedlings. The main usage is: in the preparation period for sowing, after plowing in spring, and before ploughing, evenly apply or broadcast and then harrow the land, harrow the land and then sow, or sow seeds and fertilizers at the same time.

[0104] The macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer is Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, which contains major elements such as 230g / L nitrogen, 120g / L phosphorus, and 50g / L potassium, as well as a small amount of trace elements such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc. The main functions are: it can be used as an acidic fertilizer to improve the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil, overcome saline-alkali barriers, activate soil nutrients, and balance nutrients; create a good growth environment for the root system, promote root growth and nutrient absorption; prevent and treat adverse symptoms such as yellow leaves, small leaves, and curled leaves due to iron, zinc, manganese, and boron deficiency; promote root growth, strengthen trees, and feed roots to coordinate growth. The main usage is to look at the land, the seedlings, and the weather to determine the dosage. It can replace some drip irrigation fertilizers and be used as seedling fertilizers according to the strength of the salt and alkali.

[0105] The amino acid water-soluble fertilizer has a nitrogen content of ≥390g / L, an amino acid content of ≥3g / L, and a pH value of 2-3. The main functions are: used in conjunction with mepiquat to reduce ineffective growth; activate the soil, control vigorous growth and shape; promote root growth and seedling growth, optimize plant type; increase buds and bolls, and strengthen stalks and bolls. The main usage is: look at the land, the seedlings, and the weather, do not apply to weak seedlings or drought, and apply in small amounts and multiple times.

[0106] The trace element water-soluble fertilizer contains a variety of trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, boron and molybdenum, as well as appropriate amounts of nitrogen and sulfur. The main functions are: good absorption, quick effect, can effectively prevent crop deficiency symptoms, promote the rapid greening of small yellow leaves, improve disease resistance and stress resistance, and promote healthy growth of crops. The main usage is: avoid spraying in dry and hot weather and scorching sun, do not spray during flowering and before fruit picking; do not mix with calcium, phosphate fertilizers and alkaline pesticides for spraying.

[0107] The drip irrigation fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 22%, a phosphorus content of 13% and a potassium content of 10%. The main functions are: improving soil and activating nutrients; balancing the supply of cotton nutrients and promoting the steady growth of cotton; promoting root and stalk growth, bud and boll growth, optimizing boll formation, and improving quality and yield. The main usage is: looking at the weather, the land and the seedlings, reasonably determining the dosage, and dripping water and fertilizer in an integrated manner.

[0108] The second compound fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, with a nitrogen content of 10%, a phosphorus content of 30%, and a potassium content of 20%. The main functions are: balanced supply of nutrients for cotton in the later stage, root nourishment to prevent premature aging, prevent greed, prevent red leaf disease, strengthen bolls and seeds, improve quality and increase yield; used for nutritional regulation of vigorous seedlings from the bud stage to the boll stage to promote steady growth. The main usage is: look at the sky, the ground, the growth, and the number of bolls, reasonably determine the dosage, and drip application of water and fertilizer; spray on the leaves, less in the early stage and more in the later stage.

[0109] The above technical solution of the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0110] Example 1

[0111] In Aral City, Xinjiang, the 13th Company of the 9th Regiment of the 1st Division of the Corps conducted a comparative test using the cultivation method of the present application and the existing cultivation method. The comparison of the cotton plant and leaf morphology obtained is shown in the figure below: Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The left middle image shows the cotton obtained by the cultivation method of the present application, and the right image shows the cotton obtained by the existing cultivation method; and the cross-section comparison of the cotton stem is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The middle right is the cotton obtained by the cultivation method of the present application, and the left is the cotton obtained by the existing cultivation method.

[0112] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that compared with the cotton obtained by the existing cultivation method, the cotton cultivated in the present application has moderate leaf size, alternately arranged leaves and uniform growth, with appropriate leaf coverage from the bottom to the top of the plant, and has good performance in plant type, lodging resistance and cotton boll number. Figure 3 It can be seen that the stems of the cotton cultivated in this application are thicker, indicating that the cotton in this application grows vigorously, has sufficient accumulation of water and nutrients, and has stronger resistance to wind, pests and diseases, and drought. And after testing, the seed cotton yield of this application can reach 506kg / 667m 2 The yield increase rate can reach 11.2%, and the lint yield can reach 207kg / 667m 2 Compared with the existing cultivation methods, the yield increase rate reached 13.7%.

[0113] Test Example 1

[0114] 1 Test conditions

[0115] The test site is in a warm temperate extreme continental arid desert climate, and the test soil pH is 8.2. The test site has uniform soil fertility and medium fertility.

[0116] 2 Experimental fertilizer and seeds

[0117] ① The first compound fertilizer and drip irrigation fertilizer are granular and comply with the standard GB / T 15063-2020;

[0118] ② Macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer;

[0119] ③The cotton variety used for the test was Tahe No. 2.

[0120] 3 Test methods

[0121] The experiment set up two treatments, each with an application area of ​​15 mu. The test site adopted the dry sowing and wet emergence method with side covering and dripping water. The sowing was carried out on April 6, 2022. The machine-picked cotton was planted in a 6-row mode with a row spacing of (66+10+66+10+66+10) cm, a plant spacing of about 10 cm, and about 17,500 plants per mu.

[0122] The processing contents are as follows:

[0123] Treatment ①: No application of macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer: drip application of clean water was used as a control on June 29.

[0124] Treatment ②: Drip application of Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macro-element water-soluble fertilizer: On June 29, drip application of Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macro-element water-soluble fertilizer was carried out, with a drip application rate of 5L / mu.

[0125] Other cultivation and management measures were implemented according to local large-scale production routines, with the same measures completed on the same day and under consistent control.

[0126] Sowing was carried out on April 6, 2022, and seedlings emerged on April 20. After the test treatment on June 29, the soil pH value at 15-30 cm above the surface was investigated; artificial topping was carried out on July 3, and bolls began to be opened on September 6; sampling was carried out in different plots on October 4, of which 2 sampling points were taken for treatment ①, each with 10 plants, and 3 sampling points were taken for treatment 2, each with 10 plants; on May 10, sticky aphid yellow boards were arranged around the cotton field and every 15 meters in the cotton field; on May 30, 5g "Fogo" (pymetrozine + · thiamethoxam) + 25ml benzoyl · azoxystrobin was diluted with 15kg of water per mu for pest and disease control; on July 30, 40ml 2% avermectin benzoate · 18% methoxyfenozide) was used per mu to control cotton bollworm.

[0127] 4 Test results

[0128] The cotton plant heights obtained under different treatments are shown in Table 1 below.

[0129] Table 1

[0130]

[0131]

[0132] As shown in Table 1, after applying Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macro-element water-soluble fertilizer, the plant height of treatment group ② increased by 14.47 cm, with a growth rate of 16.48%; the plant height of treatment group ① increased by 1.45 cm, with a growth rate of 1.74% (the topping time was July 3, and both treatments were calculated based on the plant height after topping).

[0133] The cotton yield patterns obtained from different treatments are shown in Table 2 below.

[0134] Table 2

[0135] Group Number of bells per plant Single bell weight (g) Seed cotton weight (g) Processing ① 4.80 6.51 312.50 Processing ② 7.40 6.75 503.00

[0136] As can be seen from Table 2, the application of Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macro-element water-soluble fertilizer has a certain effect on the number of bolls per plant, the weight of a single boll, and the weight of seed cotton. The cotton yield per mu of treatment group ② was 503 kg, which was 190.50 kg higher than that of treatment group ①, with an increase rate of 61%; the number of bolls per plant of cotton in treatment group ② was 7.4, which was 2.6 more than that of cotton in treatment group ①, with an increase rate of 54%; the weight of a single boll of cotton in treatment group ② was 6.75 g, which was 0.24 higher than that of cotton in treatment group ①, with an increase rate of 4%.

[0137] The effects of different treatments on cotton soil pH are shown in Table 3.

[0138] Table 3

[0139] Group pH value before treatment pH value after treatment pH reduction pH value reduction rate (%) Processing ① 8.3 8.2 0.1 1.20 Processing ② 8.3 7.6 0.7 8.43

[0140] As can be seen from Table 3, the application of Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macro-element water-soluble fertilizer has a certain effect on soil physical and chemical properties, especially pH value. The pH value of cotton soil in treatment group ② was 8.3 before treatment and 7.6 after treatment, which decreased by 0.7, with a reduction rate of 8.43%; the pH value of cotton soil in treatment group ① was 8.3 before treatment and 7.2 after treatment, which decreased by 0.1, with a reduction rate of 1.20%.

[0141] 5. Experimental conclusion

[0142] Applying Diyoufu No. 2 liquid macro-element water-soluble fertilizer to cotton can increase cotton yield and plant height, especially when used within 50 days, which is beneficial to cotton seedlings; at the same time, it can increase the number of bolls and the weight of single bolls to increase cotton yield; the soil pH value without applying Diyoufu No. 2 is 8.3, and the soil pH value without drip application of Diyoufu No. 2 is 7.6. This shows that drip irrigation of Diyoufu No. 2 can increase cotton yield to a greater extent, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and reduce the pH value of the root microenvironment of alkaline soil crops.

[0143] Test Example 2

[0144] The application effect of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer in drip irrigation cotton fields was explored.

[0145] The test was conducted in two companies of the 9th Regiment of the 1st Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, specifically at 14th Company, 10th Branch, 403 West (Test Site 1) and 16th Company, 120 West (Test Site 2). The test product was the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer of this application. The test crop was the cotton variety Tahe No. 2.

[0146] Three treatments were set up in the experiment to compare the fertilizer effects. The contents of each treatment are as follows:

[0147] Treatment ① (control): drip application of urea at 5 kg / mu when the cotton is 6-7 leaves old, and drip application of urea at 10 kg / mu when the cotton is 8-9 leaves old;

[0148] Treatment ②: drip-apply 5kg / mu of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer when the cotton is 6-7 leaves old, and continue to drip-apply 10kg / mu of urea when the cotton is 8-9 leaves old;

[0149] Treatment ③: When the cotton plants are 6-7 leaf years and 8-9 leaf years, drip-apply amino acid water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 10 kg / mu each time.

[0150] To ensure the accuracy of the test results, except for fertilization treatment, other field management measures such as sowing, germination, topping, pest and disease control were carried out in accordance with local practices to ensure consistency of conditions among treatments.

[0151] The test results are shown in Tables 4 and 5 below.

[0152] Table 4

[0153] Group Number of bells per plant Single bell weight (g) Yield per mu (kg) Processing ① 6.7 6.22 583.33 Processing ② 7.5 6.36 603.6 Processing ③ 7.6 6.33 622.63

[0154] Table 5

[0155] Group pH value before treatment pH value after treatment pH reduction Reduction rate (%) Processing ① 8.3 8.1 0.2 2.41 Processing ② 8.3 7.5 0.8 9.64 Processing ③ 8.3 7.5 0.8 9.64

[0156] As can be seen from Tables 4 and 5, in cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, the application of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer of the present application can significantly increase cotton yield, with an increase rate of more than 5%, and effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, reduce the soil pH value and salt content, and create a more suitable environment for cotton growth in alkaline soil. Therefore, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer of the present application is suitable for alkaline cotton fields, and can effectively increase cotton yield and improve soil conditions.

[0157] The above description is only an optional embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. All equivalent structural transformations made by using the contents of the present application specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present application, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land with reduced salt and alkali, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, deep plowing the cotton field and applying basal fertilizer, and then irrigating to create entropy, to obtain a cotton field to be sown; S2, sowing cotton in the cotton field to be sown by using a direct seeding mulch covering method and a machine-picked cotton planting mode, and controlling the sowing depth to be 2.5-3.5 cm, the covering soil width to be 5-7 cm, the covering soil thickness to be 0.5-1 cm, the one-grain rate to be ≥95%, and the hole rate to be ≤3%; S3. Carry out post-sowing management at the cotton seedling stage, and timely inter-cultivate the soil. At the same time, spray foliar fertilizer according to the cotton cotyledon stage to 2-leaf stage, 3-4-leaf stage and 4-leaf stage; S4. Carry out water and fertilizer management during the cotton bud stage, carry out inter-cultivation, and apply foliar fertilizer at the same time; S5. During the cotton flowering and boll stage, drip fertilizer is applied according to the entropy situation, and topping is carried out in time. At the same time, fertilizer is added to regulate the plant shape, and fertilizer is applied separately according to the premature aging trend and greedy green growth; S6. Carry out pest and disease control during sowing.

2. The method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali soil with reduced salt and alkali according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of deep ploughing the cotton field, applying basal fertilizer, and then irrigating the cotton field to generate entropy comprises: After the cotton field is prepared, deep tillage is carried out to 30 to 35 cm; The cotton fields were divided into northern Xinjiang cotton fields and southern Xinjiang cotton fields. For the northern Xinjiang cotton fields, soil and miscellaneous fertilizers were applied at a rate of 2 to 3 tons per mu, and the first compound fertilizer was applied at a rate of 25 to 30 kg per mu. Ten days before sowing, 40 to 60 m 3 / mu of irrigation volume for irrigation; For the cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, 1-2 tons / mu of manure or 0.1-0.2 tons / mu of oil residue is applied, and 30-40 kg / mu of the first compound fertilizer is applied. Ten days before sowing, 500-650 m 3 / mu of irrigation volume for irrigation; The first compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen content is 20%, the phosphorus content is 15%, and the potassium content is 5%.

3. The method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land with reduced salt and alkali according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of sowing cotton by using the direct seeding mulch covering method and the machine-picked cotton planting mode include: The direct seeding and mulching method is adopted. When the ground temperature at 5cm exceeds 14℃ under the mulching condition, the machine-picked cotton planting mode of one film and six rows or one film and three rows is adopted for cotton sowing, and a lighting belt of ≥5cm is set on the outside of the side row.

4. The method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali soil with reduced salt and alkali according to claim 2, characterized in that: The steps of performing post-sowing management at the cotton seedling stage, cultivating the cotton timely, and spraying foliar fertilizer respectively according to the cotton cotyledon stage to the 2-leaf stage, the 3-4-leaf stage, and the 4-leaf stage include: During the cotton seedling stage, drip water for emergence, and apply a large amount of water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 3-5kg / mu, and cultivate the soil 1-2 times in time after emergence; Then, spray amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves at a rate of 30-50g / mu during the cotton cotyledon stage to the 2-leaf stage; Spraying the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves at a dosage of 50-60 g / mu when the cotton is in the 3-4 leaf stage; When cotton is in the 4-leaf stage, spray the leaves with trace element water-soluble fertilizer at a rate of 50g / mu; The nitrogen content of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is ≥390 g / L, the amino acid content is ≥3 g / L, and the pH value is 2-3; the trace element water-soluble fertilizer contains iron, manganese, zinc, boron and molybdenum.

5. The method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land with reduced salt and alkali according to claim 4, characterized in that: After step S3, the method further includes: When weak seedlings appear in the cotton seedling stage, spray the macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves 1 to 2 times at a dosage of 2 to 3 kg / mu.

6. The method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land with reduced salt and alkali according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steps of performing water and fertilizer management, inter-cultivation, and foliar fertilization during the cotton bud stage include: After the first watering time is determined according to the field soil moisture and seedling conditions during the cotton bud stage, water is dripped every 7 to 10 days, and the macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, drip irrigation fertilizer and amino acid water-soluble fertilizer are dripped at the same time; wherein the macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer is 3 to 4 kg / mu, the drip irrigation fertilizer is 2 to 3 kg / mu and the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is 30 to 50 g / mu; In the cotton bud formation stage, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied at a dosage of 60-80 g / mu; in the cotton full bud stage, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied at a dosage of 80-100 g / mu, and 0.3-0.5 g / mu of mepiquat is used in combination; in the cotton initial flowering stage, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied twice at a dosage of 150-200 g / mu and 200-300 g / mu respectively, and 1-1.5 g / mu of mepiquat is used in combination each time; If the soil type of the cotton field is loam or clay, inter-cultivation should be carried out 1 to 2 times during the cotton bud stage; if the soil type of the cotton field is sandy loam, inter-cultivation should be carried out once or no inter-cultivation should be carried out during the cotton bud stage; the inter-cultivation depth is 16 to 18 cm. Applying foliar fertilizer to cotton by spraying the water-soluble trace element fertilizer at a dosage of 100 g / mu, and applying the second compound fertilizer 1 to 2 times at a dosage of 100 to 200 g / mu to weak seedlings; Wherein, the drip irrigation fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 22%, a phosphorus content of 13% and a potassium content of 10%; the second compound fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer with a nitrogen content of 10%, a phosphorus content of 30% and a potassium content of 20%.

7. The method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land with reduced salt and alkali according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of dripping fertilizer according to entropy conditions during the cotton flowering and boll stage comprises: In the early stage of cotton flowering, the drip irrigation fertilizer is drip-applied at a dosage of 3-5 kg / mu, and then in July, the drip irrigation fertilizer is drip-applied once every 5-6 days at a dosage of 7-10 kg / mu, and in August, the drip irrigation fertilizer is drip-applied once every 7-10 days, and from late August to early September, the second compound fertilizer is drip-applied twice at a dosage of 2-5 kg / mu.

8. The method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of timely topping and applying fertilizer to regulate plant shape comprises: For the cotton fields in northern Xinjiang, topping is performed when the plant height is 60-65 cm and the number of fruit branches is more than 7; for the cotton fields in southern Xinjiang, topping is performed when the plant height is 75-90 cm and the number of fruit branches is more than 9; In the pre-blooming to full-blooming stage of cotton, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is drip-applied at a dosage of 300-500g / mu to regulate the plant shape; in the full-blooming stage of cotton, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is drip-applied at a dosage of 200-400g / mu, and 1.5-3g / mu of mepiquat is used in combination; 5 days after topping, when the top fruit branches extend 5-7cm, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is drip-applied at a dosage of 200-400g / mu, and 2-3g / mu of mepiquat is used in combination.

9. The method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land with reduced salt and alkali according to claim 7, characterized in that: The steps of fertilizing respectively for the premature aging trend and the greedy green growth trend include: For cotton fields with a tendency to premature aging, the second compound fertilizer is applied once every 7 to 10 days at a dosage of 3 kg / mu, and then the drip irrigation fertilizer is applied at a dosage of 1 to 2 kg / mu, and the tail water time is delayed; For the cotton fields that are growing rapidly, when the drip irrigation fertilizer is applied in July and August, the drip irrigation fertilizer is replaced with the second compound fertilizer, and the tail water volume is controlled to stop watering early.

10. The method for cultivating cotton in saline-alkali land with reduced salt and alkali according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steps of controlling pests and diseases during sowing include: Spray the herbicide before raking, and mix the herbicide with the soil evenly at a mixing depth of 8 to 12 cm. After the cotton seedlings emerge, perform intertillage 1 to 2 times; When plants with Verticillium wilt disease appear, they are pulled out and taken out of the field for destruction, and 50% carbendazim and the second compound fertilizer are mixed and applied at the same time; Pests are controlled by combining chemical control with biological control.

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