Novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system and a working method thereof. The system comprises an air and hydrogen coupled energy storage circulating system, an air and hydrogen coupled energy release circulating system and a waste heat multi-stage recycling heat storage circulating system. The energy storage cycle of the coupling system converts electric energy into hydrogen energy and pressure energy of air for storage, the energy release cycle converts the pressure energy and the hydrogen energy of the air into electric energy for release, the heat storage cycle system recycles and utilizes heat in the system operation process in a multi-stage mode through heat conduction oil and cooling water, and tight coupling of compressed air energy storage and hydrogen energy storage is achieved. According to the coupling system, cooling water and heat conduction oil are used as heat exchange media, heat energy generated in the energy storage process of the system is recycled in a multi-stage mode, the stored heat energy is used for heating air and hydrogen in the energy release process, and therefore the power capability of high-pressure air and hydrogen is improved. The system mixes the exhaust gas of the air expansion machine with oxygen, and the mixed gas is depressurized by the pressure stabilizing valve and then supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell, so that the oxygen concentration in the mixed gas is increased, and the power generation performance of the hydrogen fuel cell can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of novel energy storage technology, and in particular to a novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the transformation of the global energy structure accelerates, the proportion of renewable energy in electricity supply is increasing. Renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy is intermittent, volatile and random. Their large-scale access to the power grid has brought severe challenges to the stable operation of the power system. At the same time, the electricity demand in modern society has also shown a complex trend of change. The three-shift system of industrial production, the difference in peak and valley periods of commercial activities, and the concentrated use of electricity by residents at specific times such as morning and evening have caused the peak-to-valley difference in power grid load to continue to expand. During peak power consumption, the power grid faces huge power supply pressure and may even experience local power shortages; while during the trough of power consumption, power resources are not fully utilized. Compressed air energy storage technology and hydrogen energy storage technology have problems such as low energy conversion efficiency, long startup time and large heat loss when participating in the peak-to-valley filling of the power grid. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the technical solution of this patent application is as follows:

[0004] A novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system comprises an air and hydrogen coupled energy storage circulation system, an air and hydrogen coupled energy release circulation system and a waste heat multi-stage recovery and utilization heat storage circulation system.

[0005] Furthermore, the air and hydrogen coupled energy storage cycle system includes an electric motor, which is connected to an air compressor, the outlet of the air compressor is connected to a first inlet of a first heat exchanger, the first outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of an air storage tank in the energy release cycle system, the outlet of the cold storage tank is connected to the inlet of a first pump body, the outlet of the first pump body is connected to the second inlet of the first heat exchanger, and the second outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank.

[0006] Furthermore, the air and hydrogen coupled energy storage circulation system also includes a water purification tank, the outlet of the water purification tank is connected to the inlet of the third pump body, the outlet of the third pump body is connected to the water purification port of the electrolyzer, the hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzer is connected to the first inlet of the third heat exchanger, the first outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen compressor, the outlet of the hydrogen compressor is connected to the first inlet of the fourth heat exchanger, the first outlet of the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank of the energy release circulation system; the oxygen outlet of the electrolyzer is connected to the first inlet of the fifth heat exchanger, and the first outlet of the fifth heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the oxygen storage tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the heat storage circulation system for multi-stage recovery and utilization of waste heat also includes a cold water tank, a first outlet of the cold water tank is connected to the inlet of the fourth pump body, the outlet of the fourth pump body is respectively connected to the inlet of the first valve, the second inlet of the third heat exchanger, the second inlet of the fourth heat exchanger and the second inlet of the fifth heat exchanger, the outlet of the first valve is connected to the first inlet of the electrolyzer, the first outlet of the electrolyzer is connected to the inlet of the hot water tank, the second outlet of the third heat exchanger, the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger and the second outlet of the fifth heat exchanger are also connected to the inlet of the hot water tank.

[0008] Furthermore, the outlet of the air storage tank in the air and hydrogen coupled energy release circulation system is connected to the first inlet of the second heat exchanger, the first outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the air expander, the air expander is connected to the first generator, the outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to the inlet of the second pump body, the outlet of the second pump body is respectively connected to the second inlet of the second heat exchanger and the inlet of the second valve, the second outlet of the second heat exchanger is connected to the first inlet of the cold storage tank; the outlet of the second valve body is connected to the first inlet of the sixth heat exchanger, and the first outlet of the sixth heat exchanger is connected to the second inlet of the cold storage tank.

[0009] Furthermore, the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank in the air and hydrogen coupled energy release circulation system is connected to the second inlet of the sixth heat exchanger, the second outlet of the sixth heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen expander, the outlet of the hydrogen expander is connected to the first inlet of the seventh heat exchanger, and the first outlet of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell; the outlet of the oxygen storage tank is connected to the first inlet of the mixer, the outlet of the air expander is connected to the second inlet of the mixer, the outlet of the mixer is connected to the inlet of the pressure reducing valve, the outlet of the pressure reducing valve is connected to the oxygen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell, the water outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the inlet of the seventh pump body, and the outlet of the seventh pump body is connected to the inlet of the water purification tank.

[0010] Furthermore, in the heat storage circulation system with multi-stage waste heat recovery, the outlet of the hot water tank is connected to the inlet of the sixth pump body, the outlet of the sixth pump body is connected to the second inlet of the seventh heat exchanger, the second outlet of the seventh heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the cold water tank, the second outlet of the cold water tank is connected to the inlet of the fifth pump body, the outlet of the fifth pump body is connected to the first inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the first outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell is connected to the inlet of the hot water tank.

[0011] Furthermore, in the system, the electric motor and the air compressor, the air expander and the first generator, and the hydrogen expander and the second generator are coaxially connected.

[0012] A novel working method of a compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1: When the power grid is at a low point, energy is stored using a coupled system of compressed air and hydrogen energy storage.

[0014] S2: When the grid is at peak power demand, a coupled system of compressed air and hydrogen energy storage is used to release energy.

[0015] Furthermore, step S1 is specifically as follows:

[0016] First, the compressed air energy storage process is started first, and the air compressor is driven by an electric motor. The air at normal temperature and pressure is compressed to a high temperature and high pressure state in the air compressor, and the high temperature and high pressure air is input into the first heat exchanger through the first inlet of the first heat exchanger. The first pump body inputs the low temperature heat transfer oil in the cold storage tank into the first heat exchanger through the second inlet of the first heat exchanger. The high temperature and high pressure air exchanges heat with the low temperature heat transfer oil. After absorbing the heat of the air, the low temperature heat transfer oil is input into the heat storage tank from the second outlet of the first heat exchanger for storage. The cooled normal temperature and high pressure air is input into the air storage tank through the first outlet of the first heat exchanger for storage.

[0017] Next, the hydrogen energy storage process is started again, and the water in the clean water tank is input into the electrolyzer through the third pump body. The water is electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen inside the electrolyzer. The operation process of the electrolyzer requires cooling water to absorb waste heat. The first valve body is opened, and the fourth pump body inputs part of the cooling water in the cold water tank into the electrolyzer to absorb heat and maintain the stability of the working temperature. The other part of the cooling water is respectively input into the second inlet of the third heat exchanger, the second inlet of the fourth heat exchanger, and the second inlet of the fifth heat exchanger. The hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzer inputs the high-temperature hydrogen into the third Heat is exchanged with cooling water in the heat exchanger, and the cooled hydrogen is input into the hydrogen compressor. After passing through the hydrogen compressor, the hydrogen is converted into a high-temperature and high-pressure state. The high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen is input into the fourth heat exchanger to exchange heat with cooling water, and the cooled high-pressure hydrogen is input into the hydrogen storage tank for storage; the oxygen outlet of the electrolyzer inputs the high-temperature oxygen into the fifth heat exchanger to exchange heat with cooling water, and the cooled oxygen is input into the oxygen storage tank for storage, and the cooling water absorbs heat in the heat exchanger and converts to a high-temperature state, and the high-temperature hot water is input into the hot water tank for storage.

[0018] Furthermore, step S2 is specifically as follows:

[0019] First, the compressed air energy release process is started. The normal temperature and high pressure air at the outlet of the air storage tank is input into the second heat exchanger. A part of the high temperature heat transfer oil in the heat storage tank is input into the second inlet of the second heat exchanger through the second pump body. The high pressure air absorbs the heat of the high temperature heat transfer oil and is heated to a high temperature and high pressure state. After the high temperature heat transfer oil exchanges heat with the air, it is input into the cold storage tank for storage. The high temperature and high pressure air is input into the air expander to do work. The mechanical energy of the air expander is converted into electrical energy through the first generator to supplement the power supply of the power grid. The exhaust gas of the air expander is used in the power generation process of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0020] Restart the hydrogen energy release process, the hydrogen storage tank inputs the high-pressure hydrogen into the sixth heat exchanger, and at the same time, open the second valve body to input another part of the high-temperature heat transfer oil in the heat storage tank into the sixth heat exchanger. The high-pressure hydrogen is heated to a high-temperature and high-pressure state in the sixth heat exchanger, and the high-temperature heat transfer oil is input into the cold storage tank for storage after heat exchange. The high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen is input into the hydrogen expander to do work, and the second generator converts the mechanical energy of the hydrogen expander into electrical energy. After doing work, the hydrogen is input into the seventh heat exchanger, and the high-temperature hot water in the hot water tank is input into the seventh heat exchanger by using the sixth pump body to heat the hydrogen. The heated hydrogen is input into the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the high-temperature hot water is input into the cold water tank for storage after heat exchange.

[0021] The oxygen at the outlet of the oxygen storage tank and the low-pressure air discharged from the air expander are input into the mixer to increase the pressure and oxygen concentration of the air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell. At the same time, the pressure reducing valve is opened. The mixed gas passes through the pressure reducing valve and the stable mixed gas is input into the hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen and oxygen undergo an electrochemical reaction in the hydrogen fuel cell and are converted into electrical energy. The generated water is input into the clean water tank through the seventh pump body for recycling. The waste heat during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell is absorbed by the fifth pump body to absorb the cooling water in the cold water tank. The cooling water is converted into a high temperature state after absorbing heat in the hydrogen fuel cell, and the generated high-temperature hot water is input into the hot water tank for storage.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0023] 1. Recycle the heat energy generated during the system's energy storage process, and use the stored heat energy to heat air and hydrogen during the energy release process, thereby improving the work capacity of high-pressure air and hydrogen. The system mixes the exhaust of the air expander with oxygen, eliminating the air compressor in front of the hydrogen fuel cell. At the same time, the increased oxygen concentration in the mixed gas can improve the power generation performance of the hydrogen fuel cell. Using this new type of compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system can not only improve the system's capacity utilization and shorten the response time, but also efficiently assist the power grid in peak load shaving and valley filling.

[0024] 2. Use the high-temperature heat energy recovered from the compressed air energy storage process to heat the high-pressure air and hydrogen before the expander; and use the heat energy recovered from the hydrogen energy storage process to heat the hydrogen after work, thereby increasing the inlet temperature of the hydrogen and improving the working conditions at the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0025] 3. Start compressed air energy storage first and then hydrogen energy storage, and recover and utilize the heat during the system operation process through multiple stages, shortening the cold start time of system equipment, improving the conditions of system equipment, and improving energy conversion efficiency. In addition, this coupling system working mode can increase the system's power generation, improve the stability of grid operation, and thus optimize the allocation of power resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system in the present invention.

[0027] The actual correspondence between the reference numerals and component names of the present invention is as follows:

[0028] 1. Electric motor; 2. Air compressor; 3. First heat exchanger; 4. Air storage tank; 5. Cold storage tank; 6. First pump body; 7. Heat storage tank; 8. Second pump body; 9. Second heat exchanger; 10. Air expander; 11. First generator; 12. Water purification tank; 13. Third pump body; 14. Electrolyzer; 15. Third heat exchanger; 16. Hydrogen compressor; 17. Fourth heat exchanger; 18. Fifth heat exchanger; 19. Hydrogen storage tank; 20. Oxygen storage tank; 21. Cold water tank; 22. Fourth pump body; 23. First valve; 24. Hot water tank; 25. Fifth pump body; 26. Second valve body; 27. Sixth pump body; 28. Sixth heat exchanger; 29. ​​Hydrogen expander; 30. Second generator; 31. Seventh heat exchanger; 32. Mixer; 33. Pressure reducing valve; 34. Hydrogen fuel cell; 35. Seventh pump body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer and more specific, the present invention is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Any equivalent replacement of the technical features of the technical solution of the present invention and any solution derived by conventional reasoning by ordinary technicians in the field without making any creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0030] See also Figure 1 A novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system is disclosed, wherein the coupling system includes an air and hydrogen coupled energy storage cycle system, an air and hydrogen coupled energy release cycle system and a waste heat multi-stage recovery and utilization heat storage cycle system.

[0031] The air and hydrogen coupled energy storage cycle system includes an electric motor 1, which is connected to an air compressor 2, the outlet of the air compressor 2 is connected to the first inlet of the first heat exchanger 3, the first outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the air storage tank 4 in the energy release cycle system, the outlet of the cold storage tank 5 is connected to the inlet of the first pump body 6, the outlet of the first pump body 6 is connected to the second inlet of the first heat exchanger 3, and the second outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank 7.

[0032] The air and hydrogen coupled energy storage cycle system also includes a clean water tank 12, the outlet of the clean water tank 12 is connected to the inlet of the third pump body 13, the outlet of the third pump body 13 is connected to the clean water port of the electrolyzer 14, the hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzer 14 is connected to the first inlet of the third heat exchanger 15, the first outlet of the third heat exchanger 15 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen compressor 16, the outlet of the hydrogen compressor 16 is connected to the first inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 17, the first outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 17 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 19 of the energy release cycle system; the oxygen outlet of the electrolyzer 14 is connected to the first inlet of the fifth heat exchanger 18, and the first outlet of the fifth heat exchanger 18 is connected to the inlet of the oxygen storage tank 20.

[0033] The heat storage circulation system for multi-stage recovery and utilization of waste heat also includes a cold water tank 21, a first outlet of the cold water tank 21 is connected to the inlet of the fourth pump body 22, the outlet of the fourth pump body 22 is respectively connected to the inlet of the first valve 23, the second inlet of the third heat exchanger 15, the second inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 17 and the second inlet of the fifth heat exchanger 18, the outlet of the first valve 23 is connected to the first inlet of the electrolytic cell 14, the first outlet of the electrolytic cell 14 is connected to the inlet of the hot water tank 24, the second outlet of the third heat exchanger 15, the second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger 17 and the second outlet of the fifth heat exchanger 18 are also connected to the inlet of the hot water tank 24.

[0034] The outlet of the air storage tank 4 in the air and hydrogen coupled energy release circulation system is connected to the first inlet of the second heat exchanger 9, the first outlet of the second heat exchanger 9 is connected to the inlet of the air expander 10, the air expander 10 is connected to the first generator 11, the outlet of the heat storage tank 7 is connected to the inlet of the second pump body 8, the outlet of the second pump body 8 is respectively connected to the second inlet of the second heat exchanger 9 and the inlet of the second valve 26, the second outlet of the second heat exchanger 9 is connected to the first inlet of the cold storage tank 5; the outlet of the second valve body 26 is connected to the first inlet of the sixth heat exchanger 28, and the first outlet of the sixth heat exchanger 28 is connected to the second inlet of the cold storage tank 5.

[0035] The outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 19 in the air and hydrogen coupled energy release circulation system is connected to the second inlet of the sixth heat exchanger 28, the second outlet of the sixth heat exchanger 28 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen expander 29, the outlet of the hydrogen expander 29 is connected to the first inlet of the seventh heat exchanger 31, and the first outlet of the seventh heat exchanger 31 is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell 34; the outlet of the oxygen storage tank 20 is connected to the first inlet of the mixer 32, the outlet of the air expander 10 is connected to the second inlet of the mixer 32, the outlet of the mixer 32 is connected to the inlet of the pressure reducing valve 33, the outlet of the pressure reducing valve 33 is connected to the oxygen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell 34, the water outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell 34 is connected to the inlet of the seventh pump body 35, and the outlet of the seventh pump body 35 is connected to the inlet of the water purification tank 12.

[0036] In the heat storage circulation system with multi-stage waste heat recovery, the outlet of the hot water tank 24 is connected to the inlet of the sixth pump body 27, the outlet of the sixth pump body 27 is connected to the second inlet of the seventh heat exchanger 31, the second outlet of the seventh heat exchanger 31 is connected to the inlet of the cold water tank 21, the second outlet of the cold water tank 21 is connected to the inlet of the fifth pump body 25, the outlet of the fifth pump body 25 is connected to the first inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell 34, and the first outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell 34 is connected to the inlet of the hot water tank 24.

[0037] In the system, the motor 1 and the air compressor 2 , the air expander 10 and the first generator 11 , and the hydrogen expander 29 and the second generator 30 are coaxially connected.

[0038] A novel working method of a compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system comprises the following steps:

[0039] S1: When the power grid is at a low point, energy is stored using a coupled system of compressed air and hydrogen energy storage.

[0040] First, the compressed air energy storage process is started first, and the air compressor 2 is driven by the motor 1. The air at normal temperature and pressure is compressed to a high temperature and high pressure state in the air compressor 2, and the high temperature and high pressure air is input into the first heat exchanger 3 through the first inlet of the first heat exchanger 3. The first pump body 6 inputs the low temperature heat transfer oil in the cold storage tank 5 into the first heat exchanger 3 through the second inlet of the first heat exchanger 3. The high temperature and high pressure air exchanges heat with the low temperature heat transfer oil. After absorbing the heat of the air, the low temperature heat transfer oil is input into the heat storage tank 7 from the second outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 for storage. The cooled normal temperature and high pressure air is input into the air storage tank 4 through the first outlet of the first heat exchanger 3 for storage.

[0041] Next, the hydrogen energy storage process is started again, and the water in the clean water tank 12 is input into the electrolyzer 14 through the third pump body 13. The water is electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen in the electrolyzer 14. The operation process of the electrolyzer 14 requires cooling water to absorb waste heat. The first valve body 23 is opened, and the fourth pump body 22 inputs part of the cooling water in the cold water tank 21 into the electrolyzer 14 to absorb heat and maintain the stability of the working temperature. The other part of the cooling water is respectively input to the second inlet of the third heat exchanger 15, the second inlet of the fourth heat exchanger 17 and the second inlet of the fifth heat exchanger 18. The hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzer 14 outputs the high-temperature hydrogen. The hydrogen enters the third heat exchanger 15 to exchange heat with the cooling water. The cooled hydrogen is input to the hydrogen compressor 16. After passing through the hydrogen compressor 16, the hydrogen is converted into a high-temperature and high-pressure state. The high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen is input to the fourth heat exchanger 17 to exchange heat with the cooling water. The cooled high-pressure hydrogen is input to the hydrogen storage tank 19 for storage; the oxygen outlet of the electrolyzer 14 inputs the high-temperature oxygen into the fifth heat exchanger 18 to exchange heat with the cooling water. The cooled oxygen is input to the oxygen storage tank 20 for storage. The cooling water absorbs heat in the heat exchanger and converts to a high-temperature state. The high-temperature hot water is input to the hot water tank 24 for storage.

[0042] S2: When the grid is at peak power demand, a coupled system of compressed air and hydrogen energy storage is used to release energy.

[0043] First, the compressed air energy release process is started. The normal temperature and high pressure air at the outlet of the air storage tank 4 is input into the second heat exchanger 9. A part of the high temperature heat transfer oil in the heat storage tank 7 is input into the second inlet of the second heat exchanger 9 through the second pump body 8. The high pressure air absorbs the heat of the high temperature heat transfer oil and is heated to a high temperature and high pressure state. After the high temperature heat transfer oil exchanges heat with the air, it is input into the cold storage tank 5 for storage. The high temperature and high pressure air is input into the air expander 10 to do work. The mechanical energy of the air expander 10 is converted into electrical energy through the first generator 11 to supplement the power supply of the power grid. The exhaust gas of the air expander 10 is used in the power generation process of the hydrogen fuel cell 34.

[0044] Restart the hydrogen energy release process, the hydrogen storage tank 19 inputs the high-pressure hydrogen into the sixth heat exchanger 28, and at the same time, the second valve body 26 is opened to input another part of the high-temperature heat transfer oil in the heat storage tank 7 into the sixth heat exchanger 28, the high-pressure hydrogen is heated to a high-temperature and high-pressure state in the sixth heat exchanger 28, and the high-temperature heat transfer oil is input into the cold storage tank 5 for storage after heat exchange, and the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen is input into the hydrogen expander 29 to do work, and the second generator 30 converts the mechanical energy of the hydrogen expander 29 into electrical energy. After doing work, the hydrogen is input into the seventh heat exchanger 31, and the high-temperature hot water in the hot water tank 24 is input into the seventh heat exchanger 31 by the sixth pump body 27 to heat the hydrogen, and the heated hydrogen is input into the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell 34, and the high-temperature hot water is input into the cold water tank 21 for storage after heat exchange.

[0045] The oxygen at the outlet of the oxygen storage tank 20 and the low-pressure air discharged from the air expander 10 are input into the mixer 32 to increase the pressure and oxygen concentration of the air inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell 34. At the same time, the pressure reducing valve 33 is opened. After the mixed gas passes through the pressure reducing valve 33, the stable mixed gas is input into the hydrogen fuel cell 34. The hydrogen and oxygen undergo an electrochemical reaction in the hydrogen fuel cell 34 and are converted into electrical energy. The generated water is input into the clean water tank 12 through the seventh pump body 35 for recycling. The waste heat during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell 34 is absorbed by the fifth pump body 25 to absorb the cooling water in the cold water tank 21. The cooling water is converted into a high temperature state after absorbing heat in the hydrogen fuel cell 34, and the generated high-temperature hot water is input into the hot water tank 24 for storage.

Claims

1. A new type of compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system, characterized in that: The coupling system includes an air and hydrogen coupled energy storage cycle system, an air and hydrogen coupled energy release cycle system and a waste heat multi-stage recovery and utilization heat storage cycle system.

2. A novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The air and hydrogen coupled energy storage cycle system comprises an electric motor (1), the electric motor (1) is connected to an air compressor (2), the outlet of the air compressor (2) is connected to a first inlet of a first heat exchanger (3), the first outlet of the first heat exchanger (3) is connected to an inlet of an air storage tank (4) in the energy release cycle system, the outlet of the cold storage tank (5) is connected to an inlet of a first pump body (6), the outlet of the first pump body (6) is connected to a second inlet of the first heat exchanger (3), and the second outlet of the first heat exchanger (3) is connected to an inlet of a heat storage tank (7).

3. A novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The air and hydrogen coupled energy storage cycle system further comprises a water purification tank (12), the outlet of the water purification tank (12) is connected to the inlet of the third pump body (13), the outlet of the third pump body (13) is connected to the water purification port of the electrolyzer (14), the hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzer (14) is connected to the first inlet of the third heat exchanger (15), the first outlet of the third heat exchanger (15) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen compressor (16), the outlet of the hydrogen compressor (16) is connected to the first inlet of the fourth heat exchanger (17), the first outlet of the fourth heat exchanger (17) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank (19) of the energy release cycle system; the oxygen outlet of the electrolyzer (14) is connected to the first inlet of the fifth heat exchanger (18), the first outlet of the fifth heat exchanger (18) is connected to the inlet of the oxygen storage tank (20).

4. A novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The heat storage circulation system for multi-stage recovery and utilization of waste heat also includes a cold water tank (21), a first outlet of the cold water tank (21) is connected to an inlet of a fourth pump body (22), an outlet of the fourth pump body (22) is respectively connected to an inlet of a first valve (23), a second inlet of a third heat exchanger (15), a second inlet of a fourth heat exchanger (17), and a second inlet of a fifth heat exchanger (18), an outlet of the first valve (23) is connected to a first inlet of an electrolytic cell (14), a first outlet of the electrolytic cell (14) is connected to an inlet of a hot water tank (24), and a second outlet of the third heat exchanger (15), a second outlet of the fourth heat exchanger (17), and a second outlet of the fifth heat exchanger (18) are also connected to the inlet of the hot water tank (24).

5. A novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The outlet of the air storage tank (4) in the air and hydrogen coupled energy release cycle system is connected to the first inlet of the second heat exchanger (9), the first outlet of the second heat exchanger (9) is connected to the inlet of the air expander (10), the air expander (10) is connected to the first generator (11), the outlet of the heat storage tank (7) is connected to the inlet of the second pump body (8), the outlet of the second pump body (8) is respectively connected to the second inlet of the second heat exchanger (9) and the inlet of the second valve (26), the second outlet of the second heat exchanger (9) is connected to the first inlet of the cold storage tank (5); the outlet of the second valve body (26) is connected to the first inlet of the sixth heat exchanger (28), and the first outlet of the sixth heat exchanger (28) is connected to the second inlet of the cold storage tank (5).

6. A novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The outlet of the hydrogen storage tank (19) in the air and hydrogen coupled energy release circulation system is connected to the second inlet of the sixth heat exchanger (28), the second outlet of the sixth heat exchanger (28) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen expander (29), the outlet of the hydrogen expander (29) is connected to the first inlet of the seventh heat exchanger (31), and the first outlet of the seventh heat exchanger (31) is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell (34); the outlet of the oxygen storage tank (20) is connected to the first inlet of the mixer (32), the outlet of the air expander (10) is connected to the second inlet of the mixer (32), the outlet of the mixer (32) is connected to the inlet of the pressure reducing valve (33), the outlet of the pressure reducing valve (33) is connected to the oxygen inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell (34), the water outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell (34) is connected to the inlet of the seventh pump body (35), and the outlet of the seventh pump body (35) is connected to the inlet of the water purification tank (12).

7. A novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In the heat storage circulation system for multi-stage waste heat recovery, the outlet of the hot water tank (24) is connected to the inlet of the sixth pump body (27), the outlet of the sixth pump body (27) is connected to the second inlet of the seventh heat exchanger (31), the second outlet of the seventh heat exchanger (31) is connected to the inlet of the cold water tank (21), the second outlet of the cold water tank (21) is connected to the inlet of the fifth pump body (25), the outlet of the fifth pump body (25) is connected to the first inlet of the hydrogen fuel cell (34), and the first outlet of the hydrogen fuel cell (34) is connected to the inlet of the hot water tank (24).

8. A novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: In the system, the electric motor (1) and the air compressor (2), the air expander (10) and the first generator (11), and the hydrogen expander (29) and the second generator (30) are coaxially connected.

9. A method for operating the novel compressed air and hydrogen energy storage coupling system as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: When the power grid is at a low point, energy is stored using a coupled system of compressed air and hydrogen energy storage; S2: When the grid is at peak power demand, a coupled system of compressed air and hydrogen energy storage is used to release energy.

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