Efficient energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of relieving black and white hole effect

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel lighting adjustment, and discloses a high-efficiency energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of relieving a black and white hole effect, which utilizes a dimming module outside a tunnel hole to adjust the variation amplitude of illumination intensity outside and inside the tunnel and implements a photovoltaic power generation process by means of illumination. Therefore, the visual transition process of a driver from strong light to weak light at a tunnel portal is realized, and photovoltaic power generation is comprehensively utilized to reduce energy consumption. Besides, environment information inside and outside the tunnel is obtained regularly through the tunnel environment sensing module, the environment information is transmitted to the intelligent dimming module, the intelligent dimming module intelligently analyzes the tunnel light environment under the visual comfort condition of the driver according to the environment information, and the lighting condition with the visual comfort is calculated. And the illumination intensity and the color temperature index in the tunnel are dynamically adjusted, so that the technical effect of intelligently adjusting the illumination environment in the tunnel is achieved, and the passage process of the tunnel is safer and more comfortable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent adjustment of tunnel lighting, and in particular to a high-efficiency and energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black-and-white hole effect. Background Art

[0002] Tunnels have the advantages of shortening spatial distances and improving transportation efficiency, but the frequently experienced "black and white hole effect" can cause visual discomfort and psychological pressure on drivers, interfering with normal driving. This problem is generally solved by reducing the brightness difference inside and outside the tunnel entrance, including adding a sunshade shed at the tunnel entrance and installing enhanced lighting facilities inside the tunnel to meet the driver's vision adaptation needs and brightness requirements during driving.

[0003] However, due to the lack of clear guidance from specifications or standards, the current light adjustment design of the tunnel entrance sunshade can hardly truly meet the visual adaptation needs of drivers during driving, and there is a lack of a systematic design method for the transition lighting between the natural optical environment formed by sunlight passing through the sunshade and the artificial optical environment formed by the lighting fixtures inside the tunnel. In addition, the lighting facilities in the tunnel need to work uninterruptedly, and the resulting high energy consumption and high operating costs have brought severe challenges to the realization of the "dual carbon" goals in the field of highway transportation. It is urgent to adopt more efficient, economical, energy-saving and environmentally friendly new technologies to improve the energy-saving and environmental protection level of highway tunnel sections. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and to design a high-efficiency and energy-saving tunnel lighting system that can alleviate the black and white hole effect.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned purpose is a high-efficiency and energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black and white hole effect, including a tunnel outside dimming module, a tunnel environment perception module, an intelligent dimming module, and an optical energy storage module;

[0006] The tunnel external dimming module is arranged at the entrance and exit of the tunnel to adjust the intensity of light outside the tunnel and inside the tunnel, so as to achieve the transition of light intensity inside and outside the tunnel. At the same time, it uses the sunlight outside the tunnel to generate electricity and input the electric energy into the optical energy storage module.

[0007] The tunnel outside dimming module is used to replace the entrance section lighting in the conventional tunnel design, realize the comfortable transition from the bright environment outside to the dark environment inside the tunnel, and reduce the energy consumption of tunnel lighting; the tunnel environment perception module is arranged outside the tunnel entrance section and inside the tunnel, and is used to regularly obtain the brightness information outside the tunnel and various types of information inside the tunnel, and transmit this environmental information to the intelligent dimming module;

[0008] The environmental information obtained by the tunnel environment perception module includes: external brightness information at the starting point of the tunnel entrance section, average road brightness, color temperature index, and traffic flow. Finally, various types of information are converted into electrical signals through optical fiber communication technology and transmitted to the dimming control system inside the tunnel;

[0009] The intelligent dimming module is arranged in the tunnel. It intelligently analyzes the tunnel light environment under the visual comfort conditions of the driver based on the environmental information, calculates the visual comfort lighting conditions, and dynamically adjusts the light intensity inside the tunnel.

[0010] The intelligent dimming module is used to intelligently analyze the tunnel light environment under the visual comfort conditions of the driver according to the tunnel traffic flow and the changes in the light environment inside and outside the tunnel, calculate the optimal lighting brightness, light source color temperature and dimming rate for visual comfort, dynamically adjust the input power of the CCT lamps inside the tunnel, and realize comfortable and energy-saving stepless dimming control;

[0011] The optical energy storage module is used to store the electrical energy converted from solar energy by the power generation glass, and provide power for the operation of the entire system.

[0012] Furthermore, the sunshade frame in the light reduction module outside the tunnel is equipped with photovoltaic glass, and the extension length from the tunnel entrance to the outside is 50-100m. The bottom of the sunshade frame is connected to a concrete base, and the anti-collision grade of the base is SA grade.

[0013] Furthermore, the sunshade shed frame is vertically connected to the concrete base and the polygonal support beam, the polygonal support beam is a steel structure polygonal beam, which is horizontally spanned on the vertical steel pipes on both sides to form the top, and the horizontal steel pipe connects and fixes multiple polygonal support beams or multiple vertical steel pipes in the longitudinal direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation glass assembly is installed between the awning frame assemblies in an assembled manner, including a first photovoltaic power generation glass assembly with a transmittance of 0%-10%, a second photovoltaic power generation glass assembly with a transmittance of 10%-20%, a third photovoltaic power generation glass assembly with a transmittance of 20%-40%, a fourth photovoltaic power generation glass assembly with a transmittance of 40%-60%, and a fifth photovoltaic power generation glass assembly with a transmittance of 60%-80%, which are arranged in sequence along the direction extending outward from the tunnel entrance. The length of each group of photovoltaic power generation glass in the direction extending outward from the tunnel entrance is 10-20m, and the transmittance of the five photovoltaic cell assemblies gradually increases.

[0015] Furthermore, the brightness control center in the intelligent dimming module divides the tunnel into four parts, the first part is the tunnel entrance section TH replaced by the sunshade, the second part is the transition section TR, the third part is the middle section IN, and the fourth part is the exit section EX. By processing the basic brightness data, the light environment information obtained includes the first data, the second data, and the third data. The first data is the brightness data L outside the tunnel at the starting point of the sunshade th20 The second data is the initial average road surface brightness L of each part of the tunnel avn ; The third data is the average color temperature CCT of each part of the tunnel n , input each parameter into the dimming center module, calculate the road illumination threshold, color temperature threshold, and dimming rate threshold that meet visual comfort, and the calculation steps of the brightness control center are as follows:

[0016] S1: Obtain the brightness data of the bottom of the sunshade at the entrance of the tunnel and the road surface inside the tunnel, the spatial distribution information of the color temperature, and the brightness data outside the tunnel at the starting point of the sunshade (the first data L th20 ), transmitted to the brightness control center for data preprocessing;

[0017] S2: If the measured light environment meets any preset conditions in the brightness control center, the brightness control center module turns off the dynamic adjustment function and directly adjusts to the preset lighting brightness and color temperature values.

[0018] In other cases, the dynamic dimming process continues;

[0019] S3: dividing the road surface image information extracted by the imaging brightness detector in the light environment detector into a grid at the brightness control center according to the length and width of the TH segment, extracting the brightness value at the center position of the road surface grid, calculating the second data, and obtaining the average color temperature of each part of the road surface (third data);

[0020] S4: Importing the first data into the driver's visual adaptation model to calculate the brightness threshold of the tunnel transition section, importing the second data into the dimming rate calculation model to obtain the dimming rate threshold, and importing the third data into the preset color temperature control algorithm to obtain the color temperature threshold.

[0021] S5: Determine the final power and power change rate of each lamp array in the CCT lamp module based on the parameter thresholds obtained in S4, and dynamically adjust the threshold light environment according to changes in the external light environment.

[0022] Through the above process, the intelligent dimming module dynamically adjusts the power of lamps in other parts of the tunnel according to the changes in the light environment inside and outside the tunnel after the awning replaces the TH section, thereby realizing timed adjustment of the visually comfortable light environment inside the tunnel.

[0023] The second data L in step S3 avnThe calculation formula is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Where: L avi —The average brightness value of the i-th section of the tunnel cd / m 2 ; L avn —The average brightness value of the nth section of the tunnel cd / m 2 ; M—number of transverse grids on the i-th section; N n —Number of longitudinal grid columns in the nth section of the tunnel; L ij —Illuminance at the jth grid center measurement point in the ith section, cd / m 2 .

[0026] The driver's visual adaptation model in step S4 is as follows:

[0027] L tr =K·L th20 (a+t) -b L in =L tr末

[0028] Where: In the past experience, a=1.9, b=1.4; L in —Lighting threshold of the middle section of the tunnel; L tr —Illuminance in tunnel transition section cd / m 2 The brightness gradually decreases from the tunnel entrance to the inside, gradually transitioning to the same level as L in The same brightness L tr末 ; t—the driving time of the vehicle in the transition section of the tunnel, K—the empirical reduction coefficient, which is selected according to the design speed and traffic volume of the road and is between 0.01 and 0.07.

[0029] The dimming rate calculation model in step S4 is based on the reaction time as an indicator. By constructing an indoor simulation experiment, the corresponding relationship between the initial brightness and the dimming rate is obtained, and its expression is as follows:

[0030] V up =3.64+0.83·log 3.46 (L avn )(R=0.97,p<0.05,L avn >0)

[0031] V down =-5.04+4.6·log 6.71 (L avn +5.06)(R=0.89,p<0.05,L avn >3.3cd / ㎡)

[0032] Where: Vup —Dimming rate threshold under brightness increase condition; V down —dimming rate threshold under brightness reduction conditions; R—correlation coefficient; P—significance level.

[0033] The color temperature adjustment process in step S4 is as follows: the CCT lamp module includes a cold white LED lamp array and a warm white LED lamp array, which are arranged in a dense alternating manner, and the state of the tunnel environment is judged by regularly collecting light environment and traffic volume data inside and outside the tunnel, and the difference between the adjusted color temperature value after reaching the threshold light intensity and the preset color temperature threshold is compared, and the power of different lamp arrays is changed to adjust the proportion of cold white or warm white light in the CCT lamp array to reach the preset color temperature threshold.

[0034] Furthermore, the optical energy storage module is used to store the electrical energy converted from solar energy to provide power for the operation of the entire system.

[0035] Furthermore, the preset conditions in S2 are: ① the time point is within the time interval from the local sunset time to the next day's sunrise time; ② the meteorological data shows weather conditions such as cloudy, rainy, snowy, etc. that block light; ③ the external light conditions remain relatively stable for a long time; ④ the traffic flow monitor does not detect the passing of vehicles for a long time.

[0036] Furthermore, the optical energy storage module is used to store the electrical energy converted from solar energy to provide power for the operation of the entire system.

[0037] Beneficial Effects

[0038] An efficient and energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black and white hole effect is manufactured using the technical solution of the present invention, which has the following advantages:

[0039] 1. This application is based on the transmittance-adjustable perovskite / TOPCon laminated photovoltaic glass technology, and utilizes photovoltaic sunshades to replace the enhanced lighting in the conventional tunnel transition section, thereby reducing the energy consumption of tunnel enhanced lighting while slowing down the sudden drop in brightness when the driver goes from a bright environment to a dark environment. The gradient optical environment formed by natural light passing through the sunshade is more in line with the comfort requirements of the human eye, and can meet the driver's need for a smooth visual transition when passing through the tunnel entrance, thereby effectively alleviating the "black and white hole effect" experienced by the driver when entering and exiting the tunnel and its impact on driving behavior, and ensuring driving safety in highway tunnel sections.

[0040] 2. This application utilizes the characteristics of perovskite / TOPCon laminated photovoltaic power generation glass, which has excellent weak light power generation characteristics, is less affected by temperature changes, and has strong resistance to wind and sand. The power generation glass awning constructed based on this has the advantages of high power generation, good returns, and high durability. Its setting can significantly reduce the number of enhanced lighting facilities in the tunnel. The power generation of photovoltaic glass can also meet part of the electricity demand of the tunnel's electromechanical facilities, thereby significantly reducing the operating costs of lighting facilities in highway tunnel groups and achieving the effect of energy saving and carbon reduction.

[0041] 3. The present application designs a tunnel light adjustment system that can realize infinitely variable control of brightness and color temperature, regularly senses changes in traffic, weather and other conditions inside and outside the tunnel, calculates the optimal optical environment for visual comfort inside the tunnel, and executes the corresponding dimming scheme accordingly. The tunnel dynamic dimming system of the present invention introduces a theoretical model of initial brightness-dimming rate threshold constructed with the driver's reaction time as an indicator, which effectively makes up for the disadvantage of a large subjective component when setting the dimming rate of lamps under the existing dimming system, and applies variable color temperature (CCT) control technology to highway tunnel lighting. By adjusting the proportion of different optical types of lamps in the CCT lamp array, it adapts to changes in the tunnel environment to achieve energy saving and comfortable lighting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-efficiency energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black and white hole effect according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the power generation glass sunshade shed of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the high-efficiency energy-saving tunnel lighting system of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of visual transition when a driver passes through a tunnel according to the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 is a working principle diagram of the intelligent dimming module of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 is the preset color temperature threshold table of the present invention;

[0048] In the figure, 1, concrete base; 2, skeleton assembly; 21, polygonal supporting arch; 22, horizontal steel pipe; 23, vertical steel pipe; 3, photovoltaic glass assembly; 31, first photovoltaic glass assembly; 32, second photovoltaic glass assembly; 33, third photovoltaic glass assembly; 34, fourth photovoltaic glass assembly; 35, fifth photovoltaic glass assembly; 4, escape passage; 5, tunnel environment monitor; 51, tunnel external light brightness monitor; 52, phase-type brightness detector; 53, traffic flow detector; 6, CCT stepless adjustable lighting; 61, warm white LED stepless dimming lamp; 62, cold white LED stepless dimming lamp; 7, optical fiber transmission device; 8, energy storage device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 1-6 As shown;

[0050] An efficient and energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black-and-white hole effect, comprising a tunnel exterior dimming module, a tunnel environment sensing module, an intelligent dimming module, and an optical energy storage module;

[0051] The tunnel exterior dimming module is used to replace the entrance lighting in conventional tunnel design, such as Figure 1 As shown, the tunnel exterior dimming module includes a sunshade frame and a perovskite / TOPCon laminated photovoltaic glass assembly, and a comfortable transition between light and dark environments is achieved visually by adjusting the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass.

[0052] The tunnel outer dimming module is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the sunshade frame is embedded in the power generation glass, extending outward from the tunnel entrance, and an escape passage 4 is opened in the middle. The support structure includes a concrete base 1 and a frame assembly 2 from bottom to top; the concrete base 1 is arranged on both sides of the road; the frame assembly 2 forms the upper half and top of the side of the support structure, including multiple polygonal support beams 21, multiple horizontal steel pipes 22 and multiple vertical steel pipes 23; the photovoltaic power generation glass assembly 3 is 5 groups of photovoltaic power generation glass assemblies with different light transmittances, and the photovoltaic power generation glass is a perovskite / TOPCon laminated photovoltaic power generation glass. The photovoltaic power generation glass assembly can generate electricity autonomously, and it and the external power supply together supply power to the tunnel electromechanical facilities;

[0053] The tunnel environment perception module is used to regularly obtain information on the weather outside the tunnel, traffic flow, external brightness of the tunnel entrance section, average brightness of the tunnel entrance section and the road surface inside the tunnel, and color temperature index, and finally transmits various types of information to the dimming control system inside the tunnel through optical fiber communication technology;

[0054] The intelligent dimming module includes a brightness control center and CCT lamps, which are used to intelligently analyze the light environment and traffic flow inside and outside the tunnel, calculate the optimal lighting brightness, light source color temperature and dimming rate for visual comfort, and dynamically adjust the power of the CCT lamp module inside the tunnel according to the dimming rate threshold obtained by analysis, so as to achieve comfortable and energy-saving stepless dimming control;

[0055] The optical energy storage module is used to store the electric energy converted from solar energy. The current power supply strategy is formulated according to the DC input power of the photovoltaic glass components at both ends of the tunnel entrance and exit, the total output power of the lighting system and the stored power in the battery. The battery is connected to the tunnel power supply line of the external power supply. When the stored electric energy in the battery reaches a certain value, the battery is controlled to discharge to supply energy to the lighting system. When the generated power is less than the total output power of the lighting system, the battery enters the charging state. During the charging period, the external power supply provides power for the operation of the entire system.

[0056] In this embodiment, the length of the power-generating glass sunshade in the light-reduction module outside the tunnel is 50-100m in the direction extending outward from the tunnel entrance, and the specific length is determined according to the design vehicle speed, brightness outside the tunnel, power demand and visual adaptability characteristics. The anti-collision grade of the concrete base 1 is SA level and the height is 1m. The escape passage 4 opens in the middle of the side of the supporting structure, with a height of 2m and a width of 3m for emergency escape. The vertical steel pipe 23 vertically connects the concrete base 1 and the polygonal support beam 21. The polygonal support beam 21 is a steel structure polygonal beam, which is horizontally spanned on the vertical steel pipes 23 on both sides to form the top. The horizontal steel pipe 22 connects and fixes multiple polygonal support beams 21 or multiple vertical steel pipes 23 in the longitudinal direction.

[0057] The photovoltaic power generation glass assembly 3 includes a first photovoltaic power generation glass assembly 31, a second photovoltaic power generation glass assembly 32, a third photovoltaic power generation glass assembly 33, a fourth photovoltaic power generation glass assembly 34 and a fifth photovoltaic power generation glass assembly 35, which are sequentially arranged in the direction extending outward from the tunnel entrance. The light transmittance of the five groups of photovoltaic power generation glass gradually increases, wherein the light transmittance of the first photovoltaic power generation glass assembly 31 is 0%-10%, the light transmittance of the second photovoltaic power generation glass assembly 32 is 10%-20%, the light transmittance of the third photovoltaic power generation glass assembly 33 is 20%-40%, the light transmittance of the fourth photovoltaic power generation glass assembly 34 is 40%-60%, and the light transmittance of the fifth photovoltaic power generation glass assembly 35 is 60%-80%. The length of each group of photovoltaic power generation glass in the direction extending outward from the tunnel entrance is 10-20m. The specific light transmittance and length of the assembly are determined according to the design vehicle speed, the brightness outside the tunnel and the visual adaptation characteristics. The photovoltaic power generation glass assembly is installed between the skeleton assembly 2 in an assembled manner.

[0058] like Figure 3As shown, the power-generating glass sunshade is connected to the tunnel entrance. The lighting and adjustment of the transition section of the tunnel are mainly carried out by the tunnel environment perception module and the intelligent dimming module, including the light environment detector 5 (51-tunnel external light brightness monitor, 52-phase-type light brightness monitor), traffic flow detector, CCT stepless adjustment lighting 6, optical fiber transmission device 7, brightness control center. The tunnel external light brightness monitor 51 is arranged at a parking sight distance outside the starting point of the sunshade, 1.5m above the ground and facing the 20° field of view in the direction of the tunnel entrance, to regularly collect the external brightness data L before the sunshade is dimmed th20 The traffic flow detector is arranged at the tunnel entrance to obtain the traffic flow information collected at a fixed time. The phase-type light brightness monitor 52 is arranged on the longitudinal center line of the top of the tunnel. The detection range covers the road surface, which is used to regularly obtain the brightness and color temperature information of each point on the road surface. The optical fiber transmission device 7 is arranged along the inner wall of the tunnel. Through the optical fiber communication technology, the information obtained by various environmental detectors in the tunnel is regularly converted into electrical signals and transmitted to the brightness control center in the intelligent dimming module inside the tunnel. The lamp array of the CCT stepless adjustable lighting lamp 6 includes a warm white LED lamp array 61 and a cold white LED lamp array 62. The lamp type is a stepless adjustable LED lamp, which is located in the transition section in the tunnel. The brightness control center is connected to the light environment detector and the CCT stepless adjustable lighting lamp 6, and the tunnel entrance L before the light reduction of the awning is dimmed th20 The data and traffic volume information are compared with the preset conditions to determine the activation status of the dynamic dimming system. If it is activated, L th20 The data and road brightness are used to dynamically adjust the transition section in the tunnel according to the dimming rate threshold to enhance the lighting brightness, and dynamically adjust the color temperature inside the tunnel according to the average color temperature of the road surface in each part of the tunnel. If it is not turned on, the lamps are directly used to adjust to the preset optical environment of the optical control center.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, when the driver passes through the tunnel, the sunshade at the entrance section will gradually reduce the external natural light, so that it smoothly transitions to the artificial lighting at the transition section, helping the driver's eyes to comfortably adapt to the darker environment inside the tunnel. The artificial lighting at the transition section will dynamically adjust the brightness according to different time and weather conditions to match the light changes at the entrance section. When the visual transition process is completed, the driver will enter the basic lighting environment of the middle section of the tunnel. When approaching the tunnel exit, the sunshade at the exit section will gradually increase the brightness to slow down the white hole effect when suddenly entering a bright environment. This gradual brightness transition reduces the glare effect caused by the sudden change of light and dark contrast, thereby improving driving safety.

[0060] like Figure 5As shown, the intelligent dimming module also includes a brightness control center. In the control center, the tunnel is first divided into four parts. The first part is the tunnel entrance section TH replaced by the sunshade, the second part is the transition section TR, the third part is the middle section IN, and the fourth part is the exit section EX. The brightness adjustment of the TH section and the EX section is to use the gradient dimming sunshade to achieve a natural transition from the outside natural light to the inside of the tunnel. The brightness adjustment of the TR and IN sections first processes the data transmitted by the tunnel environment perception module to obtain the first data, the second data, and the third data of the light environment information. The first data is the brightness data L outside the tunnel at the starting point of the sunshade. th20 The second data is the initial average brightness L of the road surface in each section of the tunnel avn The third data is the average color temperature CCT of each segment of the tunnel n

[0061] S1: Using the environmental detector, the traffic flow information, the road brightness and color temperature spatial distribution information of the awning and the tunnel, and the brightness data outside the tunnel at the starting point of the awning are obtained at regular intervals, that is, the first data L th20 , and then transmitted to the brightness control center through optical fiber communication technology, and the brightness and color temperature information outside the tunnel is denoised and normalized;

[0062] S2: If the measured light environment meets any preset condition in the brightness control center, the brightness control center module turns off the dynamic adjustment function and directly adjusts to the preset lighting brightness and color temperature values. In other cases, the dimming process continues;

[0063] S3: According to the length and width of the TH segment, the road surface image information extracted by the imaging brightness detector is divided into a grid in the brightness control center, the brightness value at the center position of the road surface grid is extracted, and the second data L is calculated according to the human eye adaptation curve model. avn , and obtain the average color temperature of each part of the tunnel (the third data CCT n );

[0064] S4: importing the first data into the driver's visual adaptation model to calculate the brightness threshold of the tunnel transition section, importing the second data into the dimming rate calculation model to obtain the dimming rate threshold, and calculating the color temperature threshold according to the color temperature adjustment method using the third data;

[0065] S5: According to the color temperature threshold in S4, the operating ratio of the warm white LED lamp and the cold white LED lamp in the CCT lamp module is adjusted, and the final power of the cold white LED lamp in the CCT lamp module is determined according to the light intensity threshold calculated by S4. The dimming rate threshold calculated by S4 is used to adjust the change rate of the input power of the cold white LED lamp array and the warm white LED lamp array to adjust to the threshold light environment.

[0066] Furthermore, the second data L avn Calculate as follows:

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Where: L avi —The average brightness value of the i-th section of the tunnel cd / m 2 ; L avn —The average brightness value of the nth tunnel segment cd / m 2 ; M—number of transverse grids on the i-th section; N n —Number of longitudinal grid columns in the nth section of the tunnel; L i —Illuminance at the center measurement point of the grid on the i-th section cd / m 2 .

[0070] Furthermore, the driver's visual adaptation model is obtained by referring to the empirical formula. The light intensity after the light passes through the dimming module outside the tunnel is 0-10% of the initial intensity before dimming. The initial dimming rate of the TR segment is 0.4-2.8%, so as to achieve the purpose of visually comfortable transition. The driver's visual adaptation model is:

[0071] L tr =K·L th20 (a+t) -b L in =L tr末

[0072] Where: In the past experience, a=1.9, b=1.4; L in —Tunnel interior lighting threshold; L tr —Illuminance in tunnel transition section cd / m 2 The brightness gradually decreases from the tunnel entrance to the inside, gradually transitioning to the same level as L in The same brightness L tr末 , t is the driving time of the vehicle in the transition section of the tunnel, K is the reduction coefficient, which is between 0.01 and 0.07.

[0073] Furthermore, the dimming rate calculation model is to establish a visual performance experimental platform indoors, take the reaction time as an indicator, analyze the coupling relationship between the initial brightness and the dimming rate, and use the brightness change rate when 90% of the empirical safety reaction time of 570ms is reached under different initial brightness conditions as the visual comfort dimming rate threshold under the brightness. Finally, the initial brightness-dimming rate logarithmic function model that satisfies visual comfort is defined, the optimal parameters of the model are determined, and the dimming rate calculation model is obtained. The visual adaptation model is as follows:

[0074] V up=3.64+0.83·log 3.46 (L avn )(R=0.97,p<0.05,L avn >0)

[0075] V down =-5.04+4.6·log 6.71 (L avn +5.06)(R=0.89,p<0.05,L avn >3.3cd / ㎡)

[0076] Where: V up —Dimming rate threshold under increasing brightness conditions (cd / m 2 ·s); V down —Dimming rate threshold under reduced brightness conditions (cd / m 2 ·s); R—correlation coefficient; P—significance level.

[0077] Further, the color temperature adjustment process in step S5 is as follows: the CCT lamp module includes a cold white LED lamp array and a warm white LED lamp array, which are arranged in a dense alternating manner. After dynamically adjusting to a threshold light intensity according to the light environment inside and outside the tunnel and traffic volume data, the timed color temperature value is compared with a preset color temperature threshold, and the ratio of the cold white or warm white light of the CCT lamp array is adjusted to reach the preset color temperature threshold. The preset color temperature threshold is as follows: Figure 5 As shown;

[0078] Furthermore, the preset conditions in S20 are: ① the time point is within the time interval from local sunset to sunrise the next day; ② meteorological data shows cloudy, rainy, or snowy days; ③ external light conditions remain relatively stable for a long period of time; ④ the traffic flow monitor does not detect any vehicles passing by for a long period of time.

[0079] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: based on the perovskite / TOPCon laminated photovoltaic power generation glass component 3 with adjustable transmittance, the size of the sunshade frame component and the transmittance of each photovoltaic power generation glass component are determined according to the design vehicle speed, traffic volume, sunlight diffraction effect and visual adaptation characteristics, so as to obtain a tunnel entrance power generation glass sunshade with gradually changing transmittance and uniform light. On the one hand, it can replace the enhanced lighting of the entrance and exit sections, and can effectively alleviate the visual obstruction and slow reaction caused by the "black and white hole effect" when the driver passes through the tunnel entrance, thereby ensuring the driving safety of the tunnel section. On the other hand, the power generation glass sunshade reduces the brightness in the tunnel to a lower level, and its power generation can also be used for the electromechanical facilities in the tunnel, thereby greatly reducing the number of facilities and lighting energy consumption of enhanced lighting fixtures in the tunnel. The lighting and adjustment facilities of the tunnel transition section input the tunnel entrance brightness L at the starting end point of the sunshade according to the preset visual comfort transition model. th20The data is input into the driver's visual adaptation model to adjust the lighting brightness of the transition section, and the average brightness data L of each segment of the tunnel is input. avn Go to the dimming rate calculation model to get the dimming rate threshold, and input the average color temperature CCT of each segment of the tunnel n , the color temperature thresholds of each part of the tunnel are obtained according to the preset color temperature adjustment method. Specifically, the optical control center obtains the brightness outside the tunnel at the starting point of the sunshade from the light environment detector at regular intervals, that is, the first data L th20 Data, traffic volume data is obtained from the traffic flow detector. When the tunnel entrance brightness L th20 When the traffic data is outside the preset conditions of the light environment control center, the control device starts dynamic dimming, and then calculates the visual comfort light intensity, dimming rate, and color temperature index at regular intervals in the optical control center, and finely adjusts the CCT lamps inside the tunnel steplessly to create a comfortable and safe tunnel driving optical environment. When the tunnel environment meets the preset conditions of the light environment control center, the tunnel turns off the dynamic dimming function and enters the dark environment mode, directly adjusting to the preset optical environment. This efficient and energy-saving tunnel lighting system and its dynamic dimming method can achieve a smooth transition of light at the tunnel entrance while saving electricity for tunnel lighting. The long-term operating benefits will be better than the existing sunshade sheds, which is in line with the development goals of people-oriented and green energy saving.

[0080] In the present invention, the photovoltaic power generation glass component 3 is a perovskite / TOPCon laminated photovoltaic power generation glass. Perovskite solar cells have the characteristics of adjustable band gap, high conversion efficiency and low preparation cost. They can be constructed based on TOPCon crystalline silicon cells to obtain laminated solar cell power generation glass, thereby further improving the conversion efficiency to more than 30%. The photovoltaic power generation glass component 3 is installed between the skeleton components 2 in an assembled manner, which is more convenient and quick to load and disassemble, can reduce the construction difficulty and construction and operation costs of the system, and improve the construction speed.

[0081] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions. The sentence "includes an element defined by ... does not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element".

[0082] The above technical solutions only reflect the preferred technical solutions of the technical solutions of the present invention. Some changes that may be made to certain parts thereof by technicians in this technical field all reflect the principles of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An efficient and energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black and white hole effect, characterized in that: include: The tunnel external dimming module is arranged at the entrance and exit of the tunnel to adjust the intensity of light outside the tunnel and inside the tunnel, so as to achieve the transition of light intensity inside and outside the tunnel. At the same time, it uses the sunlight outside the tunnel to generate electricity and input the electric energy into the optical energy storage module. The tunnel environment perception module is arranged outside the tunnel entrance section and inside the tunnel, and is used to regularly obtain the brightness information at the starting point of the tunnel entrance section and various information inside the tunnel, and transmit this environmental information to the intelligent dimming module; The intelligent dimming module is arranged in the tunnel. It intelligently analyzes the tunnel light environment under the visual comfort conditions of the driver based on the environmental information, calculates the visual comfort lighting conditions, and dynamically adjusts the light intensity and color temperature index inside the tunnel. The optical energy storage module is used to store the electrical energy input from the dimming module outside the tunnel and to power the tunnel environment perception module and the intelligent dimming module.

2. According to claim 1, a high-efficiency energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black and white hole effect is characterized in that: The tunnel exterior dimming module includes a sunshade frame and a photovoltaic power generation glass assembly. The sunshade frame is arranged at the entrance section of the tunnel. The photovoltaic power generation glass assembly is installed on the sunshade frame. The photovoltaic power generation glass assembly includes multiple groups of photovoltaic power generation glass. The multiple groups of photovoltaic power generation glass extend outward from the tunnel entrance in a manner of gradually increasing light transmittance.

3. The high-efficiency energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black-and-white hole effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transmittance of the multiple groups of photovoltaic power generation glass gradually increases in the following order: the transmittance of the first group of photovoltaic power generation glass is 0%-10%, the transmittance of the second group of photovoltaic power generation glass is 10%-20%, the transmittance of the third group of photovoltaic power generation glass is 20%-40%, the transmittance of the fourth group of photovoltaic power generation glass is 40%-60%, and the transmittance of the fifth group of photovoltaic power generation glass is 60%-80%. The length of each group of photovoltaic power generation glass in the direction extending outward from the tunnel entrance is 10-20m, and the multiple groups of photovoltaic power generation glass output electrical energy to the optical energy storage module respectively.

4. The high-efficiency energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black and white hole effect according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optical energy storage module includes a battery pack and a controller. The battery pack is respectively connected to multiple groups of photovoltaic power generation glass and stores the electric energy output by the photovoltaic power generation glass. The controller can regulate the electric energy output strategy of the battery pack to the tunnel environment perception module and the intelligent dimming module.

5. The high-efficiency energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black-and-white hole effect according to claim 4, characterized in that: The tunnel environment perception module includes a light environment detector, a traffic flow detector and an optical fiber transmission device. The light environment detector is used to regularly obtain the light intensity outside the tunnel and the average brightness and color temperature index of the road surface inside the tunnel. The traffic flow detector is used to regularly obtain the traffic flow in the tunnel. The optical fiber transmission device is used to transmit the information output by the light environment detector and the traffic flow detector to the intelligent dimming module.

6. The high-efficiency energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black-and-white hole effect according to claim 5, characterized in that: The intelligent dimming module includes a brightness control center and a variable color temperature (CCT) lamp. The brightness control center can intelligently analyze the tunnel light environment under the driver's visual comfort conditions according to the tunnel traffic flow and the changes in the light environment inside and outside the tunnel, and calculate the optimal lighting brightness, light source color temperature and dimming rate for visual comfort. The brightness control center can dynamically adjust the input power of the CCT lamp inside the tunnel and realize a comfortable and energy-saving stepless dimming control process.

7. The high-efficiency energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black-and-white hole effect according to claim 6, characterized in that: The brightness control center divides the tunnel into four parts, the first part is the tunnel entrance section TH replaced by the sunshade, the second part is the transition section TR, the third part is the middle section IN, and the fourth part is the exit section EX. The brightness control center obtains the light environment information by processing the basic brightness data, including: first data, second data, and third data, wherein the first data is the brightness data L outside the tunnel at the starting point of the sunshade th20 The second data is the initial average road surface brightness L of each part of the tunnel avn ; The third data is the average color temperature CCT of each part of the tunnel n , input each parameter into the dimming center module, and calculate the road illumination threshold, color temperature threshold, and dimming rate threshold that meet visual comfort.

8. The high-efficiency energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black-and-white hole effect according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculation steps of the brightness control center are as follows: S1: Obtain the brightness data of the bottom of the sunshade at the entrance of the tunnel and the road surface inside the tunnel, the spatial distribution information of the color temperature, and the brightness data outside the tunnel at the starting point of the sunshade (the first data L th20 ), transmitted to the brightness control center for data preprocessing; S2: If the measured light environment meets any preset condition in the brightness control center, the brightness control center module turns off the dynamic adjustment function and directly adjusts to the preset lighting brightness and color temperature values. In other cases, the dynamic dimming process continues; S3: dividing the road surface image obtained by the imaging brightness detector in the light environment detector into a grid at the brightness control center according to the length and width of the TH segment, extracting the brightness value at the center position of the road surface grid, calculating the second data, and obtaining the average color temperature of each part of the tunnel; S4: importing the first data into the driver's visual adaptation model to calculate the brightness threshold of the tunnel transition section, importing the second data into the dimming rate calculation model to obtain the dimming rate threshold, and importing the third data into the preset color temperature control algorithm to obtain the color temperature threshold; S5: Determine the final power and power change rate of each lamp array in the CCT lamp module based on the parameter thresholds obtained in S4, and dynamically adjust the threshold light environment according to changes in the external light environment.

9. The high-efficiency energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black-and-white hole effect according to claim 8, characterized in that: The second data L in step S3 avn The calculation formula is as follows: Where: L avi —The average brightness value of the i-th section of the tunnel cd / m 2 ; L avn —The average brightness value of the nth section of the tunnel cd / m 2 ; M—number of transverse grids on the i-th section; N n —Number of longitudinal grid columns in the nth section of the tunnel; L ij —Illuminance at the jth grid center measurement point in the ith section, cd / m 2 ; The driver's visual adaptation model in step S4 is as follows: L tr =K·L th20 (a+t) -b L in =L tr末 Where: In the past experience, a=1.9, b=1.4; L in —Lighting threshold of the middle section of the tunnel; L tr —Illuminance in tunnel transition section cd / m 2 The brightness gradually decreases from the tunnel entrance to the inside, gradually transitioning to the same level as L in The same brightness L tr末 ; t—the driving time of the vehicle in the transition section of the tunnel, K—the empirical reduction coefficient, which is selected according to the design speed and traffic volume of the road and is between 0.01-0.

07.

10. The high-efficiency energy-saving tunnel lighting system capable of alleviating the black-and-white hole effect according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dimming rate calculation model in step S4 is based on the reaction time as an indicator. By constructing an indoor simulation experiment, the corresponding relationship between the initial brightness and the dimming rate is obtained, and its expression is as follows: V up =3.64+0.83·log 3.46 (L avn )(R=0.97,p<0.05,L avn >0) V down =-5.04+4.6·log 6.71 (L avn +5.06)(R=0.89,p<0.05,L avn >3.3cd / ㎡) Where: V up —Dimming rate threshold under brightness increase condition; V down —dimming rate threshold under brightness reduction conditions; R—correlation coefficient; P—significance level; The color temperature adjustment process in step S4 is as follows: the CCT lamp module includes a cool white LED lamp array and a warm white LED lamp array, which are arranged in a dense alternating manner. The state of the tunnel environment is judged by regularly collecting light environment and traffic volume data inside and outside the tunnel, and the difference between the adjusted color temperature value after reaching the threshold light intensity and the preset color temperature threshold is compared. By changing the power of different lamp arrays, the proportion of cool white or warm white light in the CCT lamp array is adjusted to reach the preset color temperature threshold.

Images