The invention discloses a transparent 
combustion chamber with a square interior passage, belonging to the field of the design of transparent 
combustion chambers for liquid-
propellant rocket engines. The transparent 
combustion chamber comprises a head mechanism, a 
combustion chamber body mechanism, an observation window mechanism and a guiding mechanism; wherein the head mechanism comprises an oxidant cavity, a fuel 
nozzle, an 
oxygen nozzle and a fuel cavity; the 
combustion chamber body mechanism comprises a 
combustion chamber body substrate and a pressure-measuring filler neck; the observation window mechanism comprises an observation window cover plate and 
quartz glass; and the guiding mechanism comprises an head guiding slot and a 
tail guiding 
flange. In the invention, the observation window cover plate, the 
quartz glass and the combustion chamber substrate are mutually sealed with square 
graphite which expands to fill gaps among the observation window cover plate, the 
quartz glass and the combustion chamber substrate, so that glass can be ensured to be contactless with 
metal so as to play the role of protecting the quartz glass. The design of the square interior channel of the combustion chamber is favorable for leveling a quartz 
glass sheet to the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber and reducing the disturbance to an inner flow field of the combustion chamber; and four corners of the square interior channel are transitioned by adopting large circular arcs so as to prevent 
stress concentration.