Electrolyte poising agent of low-protein daily ration for fattening pigs

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrolyte poising agent for low-protein daily ration of fattening pigs. The electrolyte poising agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 36-45 parts of potassium sulfate, 43-44 parts of sodium carbonate, 3-6 parts of hydrotalcite and 8-14 parts of betaine or betaine hydrochloride. The additive amount of the electrolyte poising agent in the low-protein low-soybean-meal feed for fattening pigs is 0.2-0.3 wt.%. The hydrotalcite used in the invention can relieve the adverse effect of high Cl <-> of low-protein daily ration on the fattening pigs, and can also improve the bioavailability of potassium and sodium. Betaine can promote potassium and sodium absorption, regulate cell osmotic pressure and relieve electrolyte disorder. According to the electrolyte poising agent disclosed by the invention, all the components have a remarkable interaction effect and a positive remarkable synergistic combination effect, and the acid-base balance and electrolyte balance of a body can be effectively regulated by adding the electrolyte poising agent disclosed by the invention into a low-protein low-soybean-meal feed for fattening pigs through the optimal proportion and the combined synergistic effect of all the components; the growth performance of the fattening pigs is improved, the carcass quality and meat quality are improved, and efficient absorption and utilization of amino acid are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an electrolyte balancer for low-protein diets of fattening pigs. Background Art

[0002] Low-protein diets are based on net energy. According to the essence of protein nutrition and the theory of amino acid nutrition balance, without affecting animal production performance and product quality, by adding feed amino acids and their analogues, optimizing protein source structure and other methods, the crude protein level of the diet is reduced, the amount of protein raw materials and nitrogen excretion of the diet are reduced. Pig feed accounts for 46% of the total feed, and the precise formulation technology of low-protein diversified feed for pigs has achieved remarkable results. The precise nutrition system of low-protein and low-soybean meal diets, such as energy and nitrogen balance, net energy requirements, and digestible amino acid balance, has been widely studied and applied. However, there are few studies on the electrolyte balance (dEB) of low-protein diets. In nutrition, electrolytes refer to anions and cations that are stable and unchanged during metabolism. Electrolytes in animal body fluids are mainly involved in maintaining osmotic pressure, regulating acid-base balance, and controlling water metabolism, so that the metabolism of nutrients is in a suitable environment. The formula for calculating dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) is: the main cations (Na2+, Na2+, Na2+) per kilogram of dry matter in the diet + and K + ) and anions (Cl - ) milligram equivalent, i.e. dEB (mEq / kg) = Na + +K + -Cl - .

[0003] Electrolytes in the diet are involved in body composition, metabolism, and material synthesis. Once imbalanced, it will affect pig growth and reduce meat quality. + Rich in content, reducing the amount of soybean meal added will increase the K content in the diet + The concentration of lysine hydrochloride, choline chloride, betaine hydrochloride and other chloride salts added will increase the Cl - Therefore, low protein and low soybean meal diets often result in high chloride and low potassium in the diet. + +K +-Cl- calculation formula, low protein and low soybean meal diet will reduce the dEB of the diet. For example, the dEB of low protein diet for fattening pigs is only 117mEq / kg. NRC (2012) recommended the optimal dEB value for pigs to be 250mEq / kg. It is difficult for low protein diet to affect the lean meat rate of pigs. Pigs are prone to over-fat, too thick back fat, and reduced lean meat rate. Electrolyte balance directly affects the health of pigs and the quality of pork, and puts higher requirements on the dEB of fattening pig diets. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an electrolyte balancer for low protein diets for fattening pigs to give full play to the application effect of low protein and low soybean meal diets for pigs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide an electrolyte balancer for low-protein diets of fattening pigs.

[0005] The technical solutions specifically adopted in the present invention are as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an electrolyte balancer for a low-protein diet for fattening pigs, which is composed of 36 to 45 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 43 to 44 parts by weight of sodium carbonate, 3 to 6 parts by weight of hydrotalcite, and 8 to 14 parts by weight of betaine or betaine hydrochloride.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the first aspect, the hydrotalcite is Mg-Al hydrotalcite.

[0008] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for fattening pigs to which is added an electrolyte balancer as described in any one of the schemes of the first aspect.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the amount of the electrolyte balancer added to the feed is 0.2wt.% to 0.3wt.%.

[0010] The electrolyte balancer for low-protein diets for fattening pigs of the present invention has the following characteristics:

[0011] (1) Hydrotalcites (or Layered Double Hydroxides, LDHs) are anionic inorganic functional materials with strong adsorption capacity for anions. Because lysine hydrochloride, choline chloride, betaine hydrochloride and other chloride salts added to low-protein and low-soybean meal feeds increase the Cl- concentration in the diet, the hydrotalcite used in the present invention can adsorb Cl- in the intestine of fattening pigs, thereby reducing the Cl- concentration in the intestinal contents, thereby alleviating the adverse effects of high Cl- in low-protein diets on fattening pigs.

[0012] (2) The hydrotalcite used in the present invention is Mg-A1-hydrotalcite, the main elements of which are magnesium, aluminum, CO3 2- 、SO4 2-Magnesium and sulfur are essential mineral elements for fattening pigs, which have the effects of promoting growth and resisting stress. Mg-A1-hydrotalcite has good biocompatibility and gastrointestinal mucosal affinity, high surface activity and huge specific surface area, and can improve the bioavailability of potassium and sodium in the electrolyte balance agent of the present invention.

[0013] (3) Betaine or betaine hydrochloride used in the present invention can promote potassium and sodium absorption, regulate cell osmotic pressure, and alleviate electrolyte disorders.

[0014] (4) Adding the electrolyte balancer of the invention to the low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for fattening pigs can effectively regulate the body's acid-base balance and electrolyte balance, improve the growth performance of fattening pigs, improve the carcass quality and meat quality, and promote the efficient absorption and utilization of amino acids.

[0015] (5) The electrolyte balance agent of the present invention has significant interactions among the components and has a positive significant synergistic combination effect. Through the optimized ratio of the components and the synergistic combination effect, the electrolyte balance agent added group of fattening pigs with a dEB of 152mEq / kg has a better application effect than the group with a dEB of 250mEq / kg (the optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 pig nutritional requirements).

[0016] (6) Hydrotalcite is easy to form a uniform dispersion system, has stable performance and does not absorb moisture, so that the electrolyte balance agent of the present invention has good fluidity and is easy to mix with feed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present invention is further described with reference to the following examples.

[0018] The reagents and materials in the following examples can be commercially available products or prepared by methods reported in the prior art without limitation.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] 1. Preliminary experiment: According to the literature "Oral vanadium supplement with bimetallic oxide as carrier and its preparation and use method" (see: Ye Ying, Feng Lujia, Zheng Libo, Shen Zhongyue, Han Jie, Chen Zhifei, Li Shanshan. National invention patent number: ZL02137166.0.), Mg-Al hydrotalcite was prepared by coprecipitation method, the steps are as follows:

[0021] 1) Dissolve 0.225 mol Mg(NO3)2 and 0.075 mol Al(NO3)2 in 250 mL water to prepare salt solution A of Mg(NO3)2 and Al(NO3)2;

[0022] 2) Dissolve 0.675 mol NaOH and 0.225 mol Na2CO3 in 250 mL water to prepare alkaline solution B of NaOH and Na2CO3;

[0023] 3) Add salt solution A and alkaline solution B dropwise into 100 mL of strongly stirred distilled water for 4 hours to form a suspension;

[0024] 4) Place the suspension in a water bath and stir for crystallization at 80°C for 24 hours;

[0025] 5) The product of step 4) was filtered, washed with water until neutral, dried at 80° C., and ground to 300 mesh to obtain the hydrotalcite used in this example.

[0026] 2. Preparation and addition of electrolyte balance agent: 42 kg of potassium sulfate, 43 kg of sodium carbonate, 5 kg of hydrotalcite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment, and 10 kg of betaine are mixed and stirred to obtain an electrolyte balance agent for low protein of finishing pig (EBF). The electrolyte balance agent is added in the low protein and low soybean meal feed of finishing pigs at a rate of 0.2 wt.%.

[0027] 3. Fattening pig feeding: 72 Duroc fattening pigs weighing 100 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 8 pigs in each replicate: (1) Control group: low protein and low soybean meal diet, crude protein 10.8%, potassium, sodium and chloride contents in the feed were 0.59%, 0.15% and 0.35%, respectively, and dEB was 117.4 mEq / kg; (2) EBF group: 0.2 wt.% EBF was added to the control group feed, crude protein 10.8%, potassium, sodium and chloride contents in the feed were 0.63%, 0.19% and 0.32%, respectively, and dEB was 151.7 mEq / kg. (3) High dEB group (optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 swine nutritional requirements): 0.61wt.% potassium sulfate, 0.34wt.% sodium carbonate, 10.8% crude protein, 0.87%, 0.30%, 0.36% potassium, and 0.5% sodium in the control group were added to the feed. The dEB was 250mEq / kg. The experimental period was 35 days, and the fattening pigs had free access to feed and water.

[0028] 4. Results: Compared with the control group, the EBF group increased serum K +content (P<0.0.05), arterial blood pH and HCO3- significantly increased (P<0.05), increased average daily weight gain (P<0.05), reduced feed-to-weight ratio (P<0.05), increased hot carcass weight (P<0.05), increased longissimus dorsi muscle brightness L* and redness a* (P<0.05), and reduced pork drip loss (P<0.0.05). The results showed that EBF can improve the electrolyte and acid-base balance of fattening pigs, improve growth performance, and improve carcass quality and pork quality. Moreover, compared with the high dEB group, the EBF group had better improvement effects on the above indicators than the high dEB group.

[0029] The above results show that adding EBF to low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for finishing pigs can significantly improve the growth performance of finishing pigs and improve the carcass quality and pork quality of finishing pigs. Through the optimized ratio and combined synergistic effect of each component in EBF, the EBF group with dEB of 151.7mEq / kg has better application effect than the high dEB group with dEB of 250mEq / kg (the optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 Pig Nutrition Requirements).

[0030] Example 2

[0031] 1. Preliminary experiment: Grind the commercially available Mg-Al hydrotalcite to 350 mesh.

[0032] 2. Preparation and addition of electrolyte balance agent: 45 kg of potassium sulfate, 44 kg of sodium carbonate, 3 kg of hydrotalcite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment, and 8 kg of betaine, a total of 100 kg, are mixed and stirred to obtain an electrolyte balance agent for low protein of finishing pig (EBF). The electrolyte balance agent is added in the low protein and low soybean meal feed of finishing pigs at an amount of 0.25wt.%.

[0033] 3. Fattening pig feeding: 72 Duroc fattening pigs weighing 100 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 8 pigs in each replicate: (1) Control group: low protein and low soybean meal diet, crude protein 10.8%, potassium, sodium and chloride contents in the feed were 0.59%, 0.15% and 0.35%, respectively, and dEB was 117.4 mEq / kg; (2) EBF group: 0.25 wt.% EBF was added to the control group's feed, crude protein 10.8%, potassium, sodium and chloride contents in the feed were 0.64%, 0.20% and 0.31%, respectively, and dEB was 162.3 mEq / kg. (3) High dEB group (optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 swine nutritional requirements): 0.61wt.% potassium sulfate, 0.34wt.% sodium carbonate, 10.8% crude protein, 0.87%, 0.30%, 0.36% potassium, and 0.5% sodium in the control group were added to the feed. The dEB was 250mEq / kg. The experimental period was 35 days, and the fattening pigs had free access to feed and water.

[0034] 4. Results: Compared with the control group, the serum K content of fattening pigs in the EBF group was + The results showed that EBF can significantly improve the growth performance of fattening pigs and improve the quality of pork. Moreover, compared with the high dEB group, the improvement effect of the EBF group on the above indicators was better than that of the high dEB group.

[0035] The above results show that adding EBF to low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for finishing pigs can improve pig growth performance and pork quality. Through the optimized ratio and combined synergistic effect of each component in EBF, the EBF group with dEB of 162.3mEq / kg has better application effect than the high dEB group with dEB of 250mEq / kg (the optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 Pig Nutrition Requirements).

[0036] Example 3

[0037] 1. Preliminary experiment: According to the literature "Oral vanadium supplement with bimetallic oxide as carrier and its preparation and use method" (see: Ye Ying, Feng Lujia, Zheng Libo, Shen Zhongyue, Han Jie, Chen Zhifei, Li Shanshan. National invention patent number: ZL02137166.0.), hydrotalcite was prepared by hydrothermal method, the steps are as follows:

[0038] 1) Dissolve 0.225 mol MgCl2 and 0.075 mol AlCl2 in 250 mL water to prepare a salt solution A of MgCl2 and AlCl2;

[0039] 2) Dissolve 0.675 mol NaOH and 0.225 mol Na2CO3 in 250 mL water to prepare alkaline solution B of NaOH and Na2CO3;

[0040] 3) The salt solution A and the alkaline solution B are quickly mixed to obtain a white slurry; the white slurry is quickly placed in an autoclave and crystallized at 140° C. for 8 hours;

[0041] 4) After crystallization, the slurry was filtered, and the solid part obtained by filtration was washed to neutrality, dried at 80° C., and ground to 400 mesh to obtain the hydrotalcite used in this example.

[0042] 2. Preparation and addition of electrolyte balance agent: 36 kg of potassium sulfate, 44 kg of sodium carbonate, 6 kg of hydrotalcite prepared in the preliminary experiment of this embodiment, and 14 kg of betaine hydrochloride are mixed and stirred to obtain an electrolyte balance agent for low protein of finishing pig (EBF). The addition amount of the dEB regulator in the low protein and low soybean meal feed for finishing pigs is 0.3wt.%.

[0043] 3. Fattening pig feeding: 72 Duroc fattening pigs weighing 100 kg were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 8 pigs in each replicate: (1) Control group: low protein and low soybean meal diet, crude protein 10.8%, potassium, sodium and chloride contents in the feed were 0.59%, 0.15% and 0.35%, respectively, and dEB was 117.4 mEq / kg; (2) EBF group: 0.3 wt.% EBF was added to the control group feed, crude protein 10.8%, potassium, sodium and chloride contents in the feed were 0.64%, 0.21% and 0.30%, respectively, and dEB was 168.8 mEq / kg. (3) High dEB group (optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 swine nutritional requirements): 0.61wt.% potassium sulfate, 0.34wt.% sodium carbonate, 10.8% crude protein, 0.87%, 0.30%, 0.36% potassium, and 0.5% sodium in the control group were added to the feed. The dEB was 250mEq / kg. The experimental period was 35 days, and the fattening pigs had free access to feed and water.

[0044] 4. Results: Compared with the control group, the EBF group significantly increased serum K + content (P<0.0.05), significantly increased arterial blood pH and HCO3 -EBF significantly increased the average daily weight gain of fattening pigs (P<0.05), reduced the feed-to-weight ratio (P<0.05), increased the brightness L* and redness a* of the longissimus dorsi muscle (P<0.05), reduced the drip loss of pork (P<0.0.05), significantly increased the contents of methionine, leucine, aspartic acid and arginine in serum (P<0.05), and significantly increased the expression levels of mTORC1 signaling pathway proteins p-4EBP1 / 4EBP1, p-mTOR / mTOR and p-S6K1 / S6K1 (P<0.05). The results showed that EBF can improve the electrolyte and acid-base balance of fattening pigs, improve the growth performance of fattening pigs, improve the quality of pork, and promote the absorption, metabolism and efficient utilization of amino acids. Moreover, compared with the high dEB group, the improvement effect of the EBF group on the above indicators was better than that of the high dEB group.

[0045] The above results show that adding EBF to low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for finishing pigs can improve the growth performance of finishing pigs, improve carcass quality and pork quality, and promote amino acid absorption, metabolism and efficient utilization. Through the optimized ratio and combined synergistic effect of each component in EBF, the EBF group with dEB of 168.8mEq / kg has better application effect than the high dEB group with dEB of 250mEq / kg (the optimal dEB recommended by NRC 2012 Pig Nutrition Requirements).

[0046] The above-described embodiments are only some preferred implementations of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. A person skilled in the relevant technical field may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrolyte balancer for low-protein diets for fattening pigs, characterized in that The composition is: 36-45 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 43-44 parts by weight of sodium carbonate, 3-6 parts by weight of hydrotalcite, and 8-14 parts by weight of betaine or betaine hydrochloride.

2. The electrolyte balancer for low-protein diets for fattening pigs according to claim 1, characterized in that The hydrotalcite is Mg-Al hydrotalcite.

3. A low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for fattening pigs to which the decomposition balancer according to claim 1 or 2 is added.

4. The low-protein, low-soybean meal feed for fattening pigs according to claim 3, characterized in that: The addition amount of the electrolyte balance agent in the feed is 0.2wt.% to 0.3wt.%.