Method for evaluating effect of formula fertilization of cibotium barometz and formula fertilization method

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for evaluating the effect of formula fertilization of cibotium barometz and a formula fertilization method. The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing fertilizer solutions with different contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; s2, the test group adopts the fertilizer solution to respectively apply fertilizer to the same specification of cibotium barometz; s3, picking leaves of the cibotium barometz, and measuring the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the content of chlorophyll in the leaves; s4, selecting the fertilization formula adopted by the test group with the highest chlorophyll content in the leaves as a predetermined target, verifying the leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the test group corresponding to the predetermined target, if the leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the test group corresponding to the predetermined target is higher than that of the control group, determining that the verification is passed, and if the leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of the test group corresponding to the predetermined target is not higher than that of the control group, determining that the verification is passed. Taking the predetermined target as a screening result of formula fertilization; otherwise, returning to the step S1 for re-screening. According to the method, a fertilization formula capable of remarkably promoting growth of the cibotium barometz can be obtained through screening, the planting difficulty of the cibotium barometz is reduced, and large-area planting of the cibotium barometz is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a planting technology for golden dogwood fern, in particular to a method for evaluating the effect of formula fertilization of golden dogwood fern and a formula fertilization method. Background Art

[0002] Golden dog fern is a perennial evergreen medium-sized tree fern of the genus Golden Dog of the family Pteridaceae. It is also known as dog green, golden monkey, hundred branches, golden dog spine, etc. Its rhizome is woody and thick, and the part exposed above the ground is densely covered with long golden hairs, resembling a golden dog head, hence the name. The petiole of Golden Dog Fern is brown and thick, with a large cushion of golden hairs at the base, and the upper part is smooth; the leaves are broadly ovate-triangular, pinnate-divided three times, and the lower pinnae are oblong. The sporangium grows at the top of the lower vein, the capsule cover is hard, oblong brown, two-petal, the outer petal is larger than the inner petal, and when mature, it is like a clam shell split, the sporangium is exposed, the spores are transparent, and are triangular tetrahedral. The plant height of Golden Dog Fern is usually between 1 and 3 meters, and it is a large fern.

[0003] At present, it is difficult to plant golden dog fern, which requires fine soil, light, temperature and water management as well as prevention and control of diseases and pests. For example, golden dog fern likes loose, breathable, fertile and slightly acidic soil. If the soil is too sticky or too alkaline, it will affect its growth. Therefore, the soil needs to be improved and conditioned before planting. Golden dog fern likes semi-shady environment, and scattered light is the best light source. Strong direct light will burn its leaves and cause poor growth of the plant. At the same time, golden dog fern has high temperature requirements, which cannot be lower than 10℃ in winter, otherwise frost damage will occur. This requires fine light and temperature control during the planting process. Golden dog fern likes a humid environment, but the soil cannot accumulate water, otherwise it will cause root rot. Therefore, when watering, it is necessary to grasp the principle of "see dry and wet" to keep the soil moist but not too wet. When the air is dry, it is also necessary to increase the air humidity by spraying and other means.

[0004] Golden dog fern requires a lot of fertilizer and water, but it is most afraid of random fertilization, concentrated fertilizer, and partial nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. Due to the uniqueness of golden dog fern, it is not suitable for the fertilization method of common ferns, and it is difficult to directly apply the fertilization method of other plants. Therefore, the experience required of the golden dog fern grower is relatively high. It is often necessary to closely observe the growth of the golden dog fern after fertilization. If the leaves turn yellow or wither, it is necessary to stop fertilizing immediately and take corresponding remedial measures, which is not conducive to the expansion of the planting scale of golden dog fern.

[0005] The invention patent with application number 201911134062.0 discloses a method for fertilizing bird's nest fern. This method promotes the rapid growth of bird's nest fern by applying finished organic fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer. The content of the purchased finished fertilizer will vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. The fertilization method is simple and extensive. This traditional fertilization method is seriously blind and random.

[0006] Moreover, the fertilization method for bird's nest fern cannot be applied to golden dog fern. Because bird's nest fern is very easy to plant, its root system is relatively developed, and its edible part is tender leaves, simple compound fertilizer application can quickly promote its growth. Golden dog fern is a national second-level protected plant and is under key protection. Its root system is weak and the plant is delicate. Conventional fertilization methods can easily lead to overfertilization, resulting in plant toxicity, slow growth or no significant growth.

[0007] In addition, the growth of the golden dog fern is very slow. Considering its medicinal value, its medicinal part, the rhizome (Cynodon cibotii), takes more than 5 years to grow gradually. Considering its ornamental value, more attention should be paid to the health of the mesophyll cells. Therefore, the traditional fertilization effect evaluation methods used for ordinary crops, such as "growth rate", "biomass" and other indicators, are difficult to apply to the growth evaluation of the golden dog fern. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the cultivation of golden dog fern, and to provide a method for evaluating the effect of golden dog fern formula fertilization and a formula fertilization method. Since the fertilization formulas of other plants have no improvement effect on golden dog fern, or even have a toxic effect, the present invention attempts to establish a set of evaluation methods, through which the effects of different fertilizations are evaluated, and then a fertilization formula that meets the physiological growth species characteristics of golden dog fern is obtained.

[0009] The specific plan is as follows:

[0010] A method for evaluating the effect of formula fertilization of golden dog fern, comprising:

[0011] S1. Prepare fertilizer solutions with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents;

[0012] S2, the test group used the fertilizer solution to fertilize the golden dog fern of the same specifications, once every 20 to 30 days, for a total of 4 to 5 times; at the same time, the fertilizer solution was replaced with water of equal mass to water the golden dog fern of the same specifications, as the control group;

[0013] S3, picking leaves of the golden dog fern in the test group and the control group, and measuring the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and chlorophyll content in the leaves;

[0014] S4. Select the fertilization formula used by the test group with the highest chlorophyll content in the leaves as the predetermined target, and verify the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaves of the test group corresponding to the predetermined target. If the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaves of the test group corresponding to the predetermined target are higher than those of the control group, then the predetermined target is used as the screening result of the formula fertilization after verification; otherwise, return to step S1 for re-screening.

[0015] Furthermore, S1 adopts 3 factors and 4 levels to prepare fertilizer solutions with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, wherein the 3 factors refer to the different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the fertilizer solutions, and the 4 levels refer to the values ​​of each factor ranging from 0, 0.5*characteristic level, 1*characteristic level, and 1.5*characteristic level, and the characteristic level is the amount of fertilizer applied to the same type of fern.

[0016] Furthermore, the golden dog fern described in S2 is a five-year-old artificially planted golden dog fern, which is planted in a shade shed with peat soil as the cultivation medium. The climate type is subtropical monsoon climate with an average temperature of 28°C to 35°C.

[0017] Furthermore, the nitrogen content in S3 was determined by the Kjeldahl method, the phosphorus content was determined by the molybdenum antimony colorimetric method, the potassium content was determined by the flame photometer method, and the chlorophyll content was determined by the ethanol mixed extraction method.

[0018] Furthermore, the screening result of the formula fertilization in S4 is that each golden dog fern is fertilized with 0.3g urea, 0.2g superphosphate monohydrate and 0.1g potassium sulfate. The different fertilizers are mixed and dissolved in water and used in 4 to 10 batches, with an interval of 20 to 30 days between each batch.

[0019] The present invention also protects a formula fertilization method for golden dog fern, wherein the fertilizer used for each golden dog fern is 0.3g urea, 0.2g superphosphate monohydrate and 0.1g potassium sulfate, and the different fertilizers are mixed and dissolved in water, and used in 4 to 10 batches, with an interval of 20 to 30 days between each batch.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The method for evaluating the effect of formula fertilization of golden dog fern provided by the present invention takes the content of chlorophyll and nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as indicators, which can cooperate with each other to accurately evaluate the fertilization effect of golden dog fern, thereby screening out a formula suitable for plant growth.

[0021] The method for formula fertilization of golden dog fern provided by the present invention can be adapted to local conditions and supply fertilizer on demand, significantly promoting the growth of golden dog fern and avoiding blind fertilization, thereby improving the planting efficiency of golden dog fern and facilitating the expansion of the planting area of ​​golden dog fern. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a method flow provided by Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a planting effect diagram of the golden dog fern provided in Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. In the examples, those without specifying specific techniques or conditions are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or according to the product specification. Those without specifying the manufacturer of reagents or instruments used are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially. In the following examples, if not clearly stated, "%" refers to weight percentage.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] A method for evaluating the effect of fertilizing with a formula of golden dog fern, such as Figure 1 As shown, including:

[0028] S1. Prepare fertilizer solutions with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents;

[0029] S2, the test group used the fertilizer solution to fertilize the golden dog fern of the same specifications, once every 20 to 30 days, for a total of 4 to 5 times; at the same time, the fertilizer solution was replaced with water of equal mass to water the golden dog fern of the same specifications, as the control group;

[0030] S3, picking leaves of the golden dog fern in the test group and the control group, and measuring the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and chlorophyll content in the leaves;

[0031] S4. Select the fertilization formula used by the test group with the highest chlorophyll content in the leaves as the predetermined target, and verify the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaves of the test group corresponding to the predetermined target. If the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaves of the test group corresponding to the predetermined target are higher than those of the control group, then the predetermined target is used as the screening result of the formula fertilization after verification; otherwise, return to step S1 for re-screening.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] This embodiment introduces the method in embodiment 1 through a specific planting experiment, using five-year-old artificially planted golden dog fern as the material, peat soil as the cultivation medium, and planting in a shade shed. The climate type is subtropical monsoon climate, with an average temperature of 28°C to 35°C.

[0034] The nitrogen fertilizer used was urea (containing 46% N), and the phosphorus fertilizer was superphosphate monohydrate (P 2 O 5 47%), potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate (K 2 O 54%). The experimental scheme used included three factors (N, P 2 O 5 , K 2O), 4 levels (0 level means no nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, 1 level = 2 levels × 0.5, 2 levels refer to the common fertilizer application amount of bird's nest fern, 3 levels = 2 levels × 1.5), a total of 14 treatment groups, 3 replicates for each treatment, 2 strains for each replicate, 6 strains for each treatment, a total of 84 strains. Among them, the common fertilizer application amount of bird's nest fern refers to the use of water-soluble fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mass ratio of 30-10-10, diluted about 1000 times and sprayed with 1000mL, which is converted into a fertilizer amount of 0.3g nitrogen, 0.1g phosphorus, and 0.1g potassium. That is to say, the nitrogen fertilizer used in the present invention is urea (containing 46% N), and the phosphorus fertilizer is superphosphate monohydrate ((P 2 O 5 47%), potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate (K 2 O 54%), converted into original weight, it is about 0.6g urea, 0.2g superphosphate, and 0.2g potassium sulfate, which is level 2.

[0035] Fertilization was performed on the golden dog fern according to the experimental design in Table 1. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at each level were weighed and dissolved in 400 mL of water. Fertilization was performed once every 20 days, about 100 mL each time, and evenly poured into the culture matrix around the plant for a total of 4 times.

[0036] Since the golden dog fern grows slowly, the appearance of large plants over five years old will not change within one or two months after fertilization. Fertilization of golden dog fern should be carried out in batches with intervals. If the fertilization density is too high, it is easy to burn the seedlings. Therefore, this embodiment adopts fertilization once every 20 days, each time about 100mL.

[0037] Table 1 Experimental design

[0038]

[0039]

[0040] After all the fertilization was completed, leaves were picked for testing to determine the content of chlorophyll and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaves. The effects of the formula fertilization on the chlorophyll content of the leaves of golden dog fern are shown in Table 2. The values ​​in Table 2 are "mean ± standard deviation", and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences.

[0041] As shown in Table 2, the chlorophyll content of plants in the fertilization treatment was significantly different from that in the non-fertilization treatment. 2 P 2 K 2 、N 2 P 2 K 0 、N 1 P 2 K 1 The chlorophyll contents of treatment N 1 P2 K 1 The content was the highest, reaching 3.15 mg / g, which was 40.63% higher than that of the control group.

[0042] Table 2 Effect of fertilization formula on leaf chlorophyll

[0043]

[0044] The effects of formula fertilization on the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium content of leaves are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, the total nitrogen content of leaves of plants in the treatments with formula fertilizers was significantly different from that in the treatments without formula fertilizers. 1 P 2 K 2、 N 2 P 0 K 2、 N 2 P 2 K 0、 N 1 P 2 K 1 The nitrogen content of 1 P 2 K 1 The nitrogen content of the samples was 20.27% higher than that of the control group. The highest nitrogen content was N 2 P 0 K 2 .

[0045] In terms of phosphorus content, although there was no significant difference in total phosphorus content in leaves between the treatments with formula fertilizer and those without formula fertilizer (P>0.05), 1 P 2 K 1 The total phosphorus content was still 18.38% higher than that of the control group.

[0046] In terms of potassium content, the total potassium content of plant leaves in the treatments with formula fertilizer was significantly different from that in the treatments without formula fertilizer. 0 P 2 K 2、 N 2 P 1 K 2、 N 2 P 2 K 2、 N 2 P 2 K 1、 N 3 P 2 K 2、 N 2 P 1 K1、 N 1 P 2 K 1 The total potassium content of N 1 P 2 K 1 80% higher than the control group, the highest potassium content was in N 2 P 2 K 1 .

[0047] Table 3 Effect of fertilization formula on leaf nutrient content

[0048]

[0049] From the above analysis, we can see that it is impossible to obtain a unified result by screening fertilizer formulas based on the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in leaves, that is, there is no formula that can maximize the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in leaves at the same time. 1 P 2 K 1 In the test of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, the results showed that the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, combined with the evaluation of chlorophyll and nutrient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, the optimal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formula fertilization level for golden dog fern is N 1 P 2 K 1 , that is, 0.3g urea (containing 46% N) and 0.2g superphosphate monohydrate ((P 2 O 5 47%), 0.1 g potassium sulfate (K 2 O 54%).

[0050] Example 3

[0051] This example uses the results of Example 2 to carry out planting tests. Specifically, one-year artificially bred golden dog fern spore seedlings are used as materials, and an unfertilized control group and a formula fertilization group are set up, each with three replicates. 1 P 2 K 1 Weigh the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium levels and dissolve them in 600 mL of water. Apply fertilizer once every 30 days, 60 mL each time, in 10 applications.

[0052] One year later (calculated from the first fertilization), the growth results of the plants are as follows: Figure 2 The average crown width and average height of the plants were measured and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0053] Table 4 Effect of fertilization formula on the growth of golden dog fern spore seedlings

[0054]

[0055] It can be seen from Table 4 that, compared with no fertilization, after one year of implementation of the formula fertilization method provided by the present invention, the average crown width of the spore seedlings increased by 36.7%, and the average plant height increased by 135.4%, indicating that the growth rate of the golden dog fern spore seedlings was greatly improved.

[0056] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0057] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe various possible combinations.

[0058] In addition, various embodiments of the present invention may be arbitrarily combined, and as long as they do not violate the concept of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the contents disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the effect of formula fertilization of golden dog fern, characterized in that: include: S1. Prepare fertilizer solutions with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents; S2, the test group used the fertilizer solution to fertilize the golden dog fern of the same specifications, once every 20 to 30 days, for a total of 4 to 5 times; at the same time, the fertilizer solution was replaced with water of equal mass to water the golden dog fern of the same specifications, as the control group; S3, picking leaves of the golden dog fern in the test group and the control group, and measuring the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and chlorophyll content in the leaves; S4. Select the fertilization formula used by the test group with the highest chlorophyll content in the leaves as the predetermined target, and verify the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaves of the test group corresponding to the predetermined target. If the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaves of the test group corresponding to the predetermined target are higher than those of the control group, then the predetermined target is used as the screening result of the formula fertilization after verification; otherwise, return to step S1 for re-screening.

2. The method for evaluating the effect of the fertilization of Pteris chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, three factors and four levels are used to prepare fertilizer solutions with different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, wherein the three factors refer to the different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the fertilizer solutions, and the four levels refer to the values ​​of each factor ranging from 0, 0.5*characteristic level, 1*characteristic level, and 1.5*characteristic level, and the characteristic level is the amount of fertilizer applied to the same type of fern.

3. The method for evaluating the effect of formula fertilization of Pteris chinensis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The golden dog fern described in S2 is a five-year-old artificially planted golden dog fern, which is planted in a shade shed using peat soil as the cultivation medium. The climate type is subtropical monsoon climate with an average temperature of 28°C to 35°C.

4. The method for evaluating the effect of fertilization with a formula of golden dogwood fern according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The nitrogen content in S3 was determined by the Kjeldahl method, the phosphorus content was determined by the molybdenum antimony colorimetric method, the potassium content was determined by the flame photometer method, and the chlorophyll content was determined by the ethanol mixed extraction method.

5. The method for evaluating the effect of fertilization with a formula of golden dogwood fern according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The screening result of the fertilization formula in S4 was that each golden dog fern was fertilized with 0.3 g urea, 0.2 g superphosphate monohydrate and 0.1 g potassium sulfate.

6. A method for formula fertilization of golden dog fern, using the results screened by the method for evaluating the effect of formula fertilization of golden dog fern described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the fertilizer used for each golden dog fern is 0.3g urea, 0.2g superphosphate monohydrate and 0.1g potassium sulfate, and the different fertilizers are mixed and dissolved in water, and used in 4 to 10 batches, with an interval of 20 to 30 days between each batch.

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