Drilling, sealing and injecting anchor rod, intelligent drilling monitoring system and integrated intelligent construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a drilling, sealing and grouting anchor rod, an intelligent drilling monitoring system and an integrated intelligent construction method. According to the anchor rod, a rod body is sequentially provided with a head-section wave-shaped threaded section, a middle-section large threaded section and a tail-section wave-shaped threaded section from the head end to the tail end, and a grouting channel is formed in the axis of the rod body; the PDC drill bit and the round nut are installed at the head end and the tail end of the rod body respectively. The anti-shearing tray, the constant-torque pressing sheet and the hexagon nut are arranged on the outer side of the tail-section wave-shaped thread section in a sleeving manner; and the built-in mixer is inserted into the grouting channel. According to the system, a drilling machine is arranged outside a hexagon nut in a sleeving mode through a machine rod connector; the vibration sensor is mounted on the machine rod connector; the monitoring sensor group is installed on the drilling machine. The method comprises the steps that the drilling machine rotates forwards to drive the PDC drill bit to conduct drilling operation, and deslagging is conducted synchronously; pre-tightening is conducted through reverse rotation of the drilling machine; a built-in mixer is used for grouting operation; and carrying out plugging treatment. According to the anchor rod, drilling, hole sealing and grouting operation can be integrally achieved; the system and the method are favorable for improving the drilling efficiency, and the construction efficiency of support construction can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent support, and specifically relates to a drilling and sealing anchor rod, a drilling intelligent monitoring system and an integrated intelligent construction method. Background Art

[0002] Intelligence is the main direction of the future development of the coal mining industry. With the continuous advancement of coal mining technology, the intelligence level of coal mines has made significant breakthroughs in the coal mining process and has far exceeded the excavation process. However, in the process of coal mining excavation, the support process is still the link that occupies the most manpower, the most complex process and the worst continuity. Especially in the support process, it is highly dependent on manual operation and has a low degree of automation. This situation seriously restricts the development of intelligent and automated coal mines. Therefore, exploring new anchor technology and promoting the automation and intelligent upgrading of support processes are of vital importance to promoting the intelligent transformation of the entire coal mining industry.

[0003] In order to realize the automatic and rapid installation of the support process, some new anchor technologies have emerged in the prior art, but there are still some problems with their structure and installation methods. For example, some anchors cannot be grouted during construction, and the slurry cannot be effectively sealed during the grouting process. The sealing devices and conventional anchor trays used at the tail of other anchors are prone to shearing the rod body, which can easily cause the anchor to be cut. Therefore, it is urgent to further innovate and optimize the existing anchor structure and installation method to meet the intelligent and automated production needs of coal mines. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a drilling and sealing anchor rod, a drilling intelligent monitoring system and an integrated intelligent construction method. The anchor rod has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost and reliable support capacity. It can realize drilling, hole sealing and hole grouting reinforcement operations in an integrated manner, which can not only effectively solve the slurry blocking problem in the surrounding rock grouting reinforcement, but also effectively reduce the shear force of the tray on the rod body. At the same time, it can intuitively judge whether the preload force meets the required requirements, which can effectively ensure the strength and support effect of the support and provide reliable technical guarantee for the stable control of the surrounding rock. The system has a high degree of intelligence and can analyze and judge the operating status of the drill bit, the structure and differences of the drilling medium through online real-time monitoring, which is beneficial to improving the drilling efficiency and ensuring the safety of the drilling operation. The construction process of this method is simple and convenient, and the degree of intelligence is high. It only requires the forward and reverse rotation of the drilling rig to achieve drilling and pre-tightening operations. At the same time, it can change the sealing method of the slurry in the anchor grouting function, which can effectively improve the construction efficiency of the support construction and significantly improve the support effect. It has a wide range of applicability and is convenient for large-scale application in various types of engineering support.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a drilling, sealing and injection anchor rod, comprising a rod body, a PDC drill bit, an anti-shear tray, a fixed torque pressing plate, a hexagonal nut, a round nut and a built-in mixer;

[0006] The axis of the rod body has an axially penetrating grouting channel, and its outer surface is a continuous thread structure, and is divided into a first wave thread section, a middle large thread section and a last wave thread section from the head end to the tail end; wherein the outer diameter of the first wave thread section and the outer diameter of the last wave thread section are both smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section; a front spiral slag discharge channel is formed in the first wave thread section; and a rear spiral slag discharge channel is formed in the middle large thread section;

[0007] The PDC drill bit is installed at the head end of the rod body, and the head end of the PDC drill bit has a drill bit slurry outlet connected to the grouting channel; at the same time, the outer diameter of the PDC drill bit is larger than the outer diameter of the first section of the corrugated thread section and smaller than the outer diameter of the middle section of the large thread section.

[0008] The central anchor hole of the anti-shear tray is a tubular structure protruding axially and having continuously tapered inner and outer diameters. The inner diameter of the anchor hole is larger than the outer diameter of the last wave thread segment and smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread segment. The anti-shear tray is slidably mounted on the outside of the last wave thread segment through the anchor hole.

[0009] The fixed-torsion pressure piece is in the shape of a hollow flat-bottomed spherical crown, and a mounting hole is provided at the center of its top; the fixed-torsion pressure piece is slidably mounted on the outside of the last wave thread section through the mounting hole, and is closer to the end of the rod body than the anti-shear tray;

[0010] The hexagonal nut is sleeved on the outside of the last wave thread section through thread matching, and its fixed torque pressing piece is close to the end of the rod body;

[0011] The circular nut is coaxially fixed and welded to the end of the rod body, and its internal thread cavity is smoothly connected to the grouting channel;

[0012] The main body of the built-in mixer is a rod-shaped structure, and an external thread structure compatible with the circular nut is arranged on the outer surface; an axially penetrating mixing chamber is arranged at the axis center of the built-in mixer, and a partition grid for dividing the radial space of the mixing chamber is fixedly installed inside the mixing chamber; the built-in mixer is connected to the inside of the circular nut through threaded fitting, and its head end extends into the grouting channel.

[0013] Furthermore, in order to ensure the overall bearing strength of the anchor rod and to ensure the later support effect, the lengths of the first wave thread section, the middle large thread section and the last wave thread section account for 3 / 5, 1 / 5 and 1 / 5 of the rod length respectively.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the external fixing sleeve at the end of the built-in mixer is provided with an annular limiting boss; the built-in mixer is made of nylon and is manufactured by grouting molding.

[0015] Furthermore, in order to improve drilling efficiency, the PDC drill bit is a three-wing drill bit.

[0016] Furthermore, in order to achieve stress homogenization and ensure the support effect during long-term use, the edge parts of the anti-shear tray and the anchor hole parts are transitionally connected through a variable diameter section, and 5 to 8 longitudinal ribs are evenly arranged on the circumference of the variable diameter section.

[0017] The higher the penetration rate, the smaller the drill bit will be, the faster it will be used, and the faster it will be used will be more likely to cause the drill to lose its traction and become lodged in the rocking rock.PDC drill bit has the advantages of small size, high speed drill bit, easy to be used in construction, and easy to be drilled easily. Furthermore, the largest outer diameter of the middle large thread section can be used for hole expansion. At the same time, the outer edge of the middle large thread section can be fully embedded with the hole wall to achieve the effect of densely sealing the hole. In this way, during the pumping grouting process, the middle large thread section can be used to effectively seal the slurry to prevent the slurry from leaking out, and it can play a role in maintaining pressure, which is conducive to the continuous injection of slurry to extend more efficiently to the depth of the surrounding rock cracks, and can significantly improve the filling effect, thereby achieving an effective reinforcement effect. The PDC drill bit is provided with a drill bit outlet connected to the grouting channel in the rod body, which can facilitate subsequent grouting operations. The anchor hole of the anti-shear tray is made into a continuous and gradually shrinking tubular structure, and the diameter of the anchor hole is larger than the outer diameter of the last wave-shaped threaded section, so that the rod body can have a certain swinging free space during construction, so that the angle of the anchor hole can be adjusted to match the bending angle of the rod body by rotating the tray during drilling, thereby leaving a certain activity space for the rod body, which can effectively reduce the shear force of the anti-shear tray on the rod body and effectively protect the rod body; at the same time, this structure can evenly spread the stress borne by the anchor hole part to the edges around the anti-shear tray during the support process, and act on the rock surface at the hole mouth, thereby increasing the bearing capacity of the anti-shear tray and achieving stress homogenization. Since the fixed torque pressure plate can reach a flattened state under the action of the set preload pressure, the fixed torque pressure plate is set on one side of the end of the anti-shear tray, which can intuitively judge whether the applied preload pressure reaches the set preload pressure, thereby facilitating intuitive monitoring of the preload force of the anchor rod.A circular nut is fixedly welded at the end of the rod body, and the threaded cavity of the circular nut is smoothly connected with the grouting channel of the rod body. At the same time, a hexagonal nut is arranged between the fixed torque pressure plate and the circular nut. On the one hand, the circular nut can be used to effectively prevent the retreat stroke of the hexagonal nut, thereby playing a locking role on the retreat stroke of the hexagonal nut. In this way, when the drilling rig uses the clockwise rotating machine rod connecting head to drive the hexagonal nut to rotate, the circular nut can resist and limit the hexagonal nut that has reached the maximum retreat stroke. In this way, when the drilling rig continues to rotate, the torque can be applied to the rod. The body and PDC drill bit are used to realize the drilling operation. In addition, when the rod body is anchored, the reverse drilling rig can be used to drive the hexagonal nut to reverse, thereby realizing the pre-tightening function of the fixed torque pressure plate and the anti-shear tray. This design method realizes the dual functions of the forward drilling and reverse pre-tightening of the drilling rig, which not only reduces the intermediate operation process, but also significantly improves the construction efficiency and ensures the stability and reliability of the anchor installation process; on the other hand, the built-in mixer with an external thread structure can be firmly assembled on the inner side of the end of the rod body by cooperating with the internal thread structure of the circular nut. A mixing chamber is provided inside the built-in mixer, and a separation grid is provided in the mixing chamber. The synergistic effect of the separation grid and the grouting pressure can be fully utilized during the grouting process to crush the large particles again, and the mixed slurry can be mixed twice, so that the slurry is mixed more fully, which greatly increases the permeability of the slurry. In the case of preventing slurry blockage, it can also help to fill the slurry into deeper cracks.

[0018] The anchor rod has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost and reliable support capacity. It can realize drilling, hole sealing and hole grouting reinforcement operations in an integrated manner. It not only effectively solves the slurry blocking problem in surrounding rock grouting reinforcement, but also effectively reduces the shear force of the tray on the rod body. At the same time, it can intuitively judge whether the preload force meets the required requirements, effectively ensuring the strength and support effect of the support, and providing reliable technical guarantee for the stable control of the surrounding rock.

[0019] The present invention also provides a drilling intelligent monitoring system, which adopts a drilling and sealing anchor rod, and also includes a machine rod connector, a drilling rig, a monitoring sensor group, and a multi-parameter monitoring instrument while drilling, wherein the multi-parameter monitoring instrument while drilling includes a vibration sensor and a host;

[0020] The outer diameter of the circular nut is smaller than the outer diameter of the hexagonal nut;

[0021] The front end axis of the machine rod connector is provided with an inner hexagonal connection hole, and the rear end axis is fixedly connected with an outer hexagonal connection head, and the size of the inner hexagonal connection hole is adapted to the size of the hexagonal nut, and the depth of the inner hexagonal connection hole is adapted to the length of the last wave thread segment; the front end of the machine rod connector is sleeved on the outside of the last wave thread segment through the inner hexagonal connection hole, and is sleeved on the outside of the hexagonal nut;

[0022] The size of the inner hexagonal mounting hole at the front end of the drilling rig matches the size of the outer hexagonal connector at the rear end of the machine rod connector, and the drilling rig is sleeved on the outside of the outer hexagonal connector at the rear end of the machine rod connector through the inner hexagonal mounting hole;

[0023] The monitoring sensor group is installed on the drilling rig and is used to collect the rotation speed signal, torque signal, push pressure signal, drilling angle signal and drilling speed signal of the drilling rig;

[0024] The vibration sensor is installed on the machine rod connecting head and is used to collect vibration signals;

[0025] The host is connected to the monitoring sensor group and the vibration sensor respectively, and is used to analyze and process the received signals, and to judge the operating state of the PDC drill bit and the integrity of the surrounding rock.

[0026] Preferably, the host is connected to a storage chip, and the storage chip is used to store data.

[0027] In the present invention, since the rod body and the machine rod connector are in the same frequency vibration state during the drilling process, thus, installing a vibration sensor on the machine rod connector can facilitate the judgment of the operating state of the PDC drill bit through the collected vibration signal, and thus can timely discover abnormal working conditions. By installing a monitoring sensor group for using speed signal, torque signal, push pressure signal, drilling angle signal and drilling speed signal on the drilling rig, the rock formation changes and the development of surrounding rock cracks can be comprehensively judged and identified in combination with the collected vibration signal, and the parameters such as the strength, integrity, and stress state of each point of the rock formation can be judged in real time, so that corresponding countermeasures can be selected when an abnormality occurs. In this way, intelligent monitoring of the drilling process and intelligent analysis of the surrounding rock state can be realized, and related problems in tunnel support can be prevented in advance. The system has a high degree of intelligence and can analyze and judge the operating state of the drill bit, the structure and difference of the drilling medium through online real-time monitoring, which is conducive to improving the drilling efficiency, and at the same time, it can be conducive to ensuring the safety of the drilling operation.

[0028] The present invention also provides a drilling, sealing and grouting integrated rapid construction method, which uses a drilling, sealing and grouting anchor rod and specifically includes the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Select the intended construction location on the rock surface;

[0030] Step 2: Sleeve the front end of the machine rod connector through the inner hexagonal connecting hole on the outside of the last wave thread section, and then on the outside of the hexagonal nut, and then insert the outer hexagonal connector at the rear end of the machine rod connector into the inner hexagonal mounting hole of the drilling rig, and then install the vibration sensor on the machine rod connector, and install the monitoring sensor group on the drilling rig; establish the connection between the host and the monitoring sensor group and the vibration sensor in the drilling multi-parameter monitor, and use the drilling rig, the monitoring sensor group, the drilling multi-parameter monitor and the drilling and sealing anchor rod to form a drilling intelligent monitoring system;

[0031] Step 3: Use the drill to drive the rod connector to rotate, and simultaneously drive the hexagonal nut to rotate in a clockwise direction until it reaches the end of the rod body and abuts against the round nut;

[0032] Step 4: Use the round nut to rear-limit lock the hexagonal nut, and continue to drive the hexagonal nut to rotate through the drilling rig, so that the torque is transmitted to the rod body and the PDC drill bit through the hexagonal nut, and then synchronously drive the rod body and the PDC drill bit to rotate at high speed, and use the high-speed rotating PDC drill bit to perform drilling operations. In this process, the large coal and rock masses in the direction of travel are crushed by the efficient cutting performance of the PDC drill bit. At the same time, the formed slag and debris enter the front spiral slag discharge channel, and under the action of the clockwise rotation of the rod body, they are brought out of the hole along the front spiral slag discharge channel, realizing preliminary drilling slag and chip removal operations;

[0033] As the drilling operation continues, the rod body continues to drill deeper. When the first wave-threaded section completely enters the hole, the rotation speed of the drill is reduced, and the middle large threaded section is continued to be driven to slowly enter the hole. At the same time, the slag and debris discharged from the front spiral slag discharge channel enter the rear spiral slag discharge channel, and under the action of the clockwise rotation of the rod body, continue to be brought out of the hole along the rear spiral channel, thereby realizing the subsequent drilling slag and chip removal operations;

[0034] When the middle large thread section completely enters the hole, continue to apply torque through the drilling rig until the end of the middle large thread section completely enters the hole mouth, stop drilling, and control the drilling rig to reverse, so that the machine rod connecting head synchronously drives the hexagonal nut to rotate in the opposite direction close to the fixed torque pressing plate. During the reverse rotation of the hexagonal nut, gradually push the fixed torque pressing plate in the direction of the anti-shear tray, and make the head end of the fixed torque pressing plate compacted at the end of the anti-shear tray. Continue to apply torque to make the fixed torque pressing plate continue to deform until it reaches the set preload state when it reaches the flattened state, stop applying torque, remove the drilling rig, and complete the installation of the drill-sealed anchor rod;

[0035] At the same time, the vibration sensor is used to collect vibration signals in real time and send them to the main machine. The monitoring sensor is used to collect the rotational speed signal, torque signal, push pressure signal, drilling angle signal and drilling speed signal of the drilling rig in real time and send them to the main machine. The main machine obtains vibration data, rotational speed data, torque data, push pressure data, drilling angle data and drilling speed data according to the vibration signal, rotational speed signal, torque signal, push pressure signal, drilling angle signal and drilling speed signal. The main machine determines whether the drill is stuck or jumped according to the continuous change of the push pressure data. At the same time, when it is determined that the drill is stuck or jumped, the abnormal reminder information of the drill is stuck or jumped is displayed on the display screen connected to it; the main machine obtains the rod body and the rotational speed data according to the vibration data and rotational speed data. The main engine obtains the power data of the drilling rig based on the torque data; the main engine obtains the drilling inclination angle of the rod body and the PDC drill bit based on the drilling angle data, and when the drilling inclination angle deviates from the set motion trajectory, the display screen connected to it displays the abnormal trajectory deviation reminder information; at the same time, the main engine combines the vibration data, speed data, torque data, push pressure data, drilling angle data and drilling speed data to analyze and process the rock formation conditions, and obtains the rock formation distribution data, so as to understand the distribution of the rock formation in real time during the drilling process and judge the integrity of the surrounding rock; during the drilling process, the main engine adaptively adjusts the speed and power of the drilling rig based on the rock formation distribution data to achieve efficient and safe drilling operations;

[0036] Step 5: Stir the slurry fully to ensure that the uniformity and fluidity of the slurry meet the grouting requirements; connect the grouting pipe to the end of the built-in mixer, and use the grouting pump to allow the slurry to enter the mixing chamber of the built-in mixer through the grouting pipe. Under the action of the partition grid, the slurry is further mixed evenly in the mixing chamber, and then transported to the drill bit outlet through the grouting channel. Then, it enters the deep part of the hole from the drill bit outlet. During this process, the grouting amount is controlled according to the integrity of the surrounding rock. At the same time, the outer edge surface of the middle large threaded section in close contact with the hole wall is used to maintain the grouting pressure, so that the continuously entering slurry first fills the entire hole, and then gradually enters the deep cracks under the action of maintaining the pressure, thereby effectively blocking the cracks; when the grouting pressure suddenly increases, stop the grouting operation, remove the grouting pipe, and then seal the end of the built-in mixer.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, in step five, gauze is used as a blocking material to block the end of the built-in mixer.

[0038] Furthermore, in order to prevent the remaining slurry from solidifying and clogging the pipe, in step five, after removing the grouting pipe, the grouting pipe is cleaned with clean water.

[0039] The present invention improves the existing anchor technology and proposes a drilling, sealing and injection integrated rapid construction method. First, the structural design of the anchor is optimized. The adopted drilling, sealing and injection anchor is composed of a complete rod body, wherein the drill bit, rod body, anti-shear tray, fixed torque pressure plate, hexagonal nut, built-in mixer and round nut are an integrated equipment structure. During construction, no additional tray and lock are required after the drilling is completed. After the drilling is completed, the anchoring agent can be directly injected for anchor pre-tightening. The drilling and pre-tightening process can be achieved only by the forward and reverse rotation of the drilling rig, which effectively reduces the construction process; at the same time, there is no need to perform the rod connection operation during the construction process, which simplifies the construction steps and reduces the process. In this way, not only the construction efficiency is improved, but also the quality problems that may be caused by improper rod connection are reduced. Since the number of connection points can be reduced during construction, the stability and reliability of the overall structure can be effectively enhanced, ensuring the support effect. The ease of operation during the use of this anchor also reduces the complexity of on-site management and maintenance, making the construction more efficient and economical. Secondly, the present invention adopts the drilling function combined with the integrated technology of pumping and grouting, which not only effectively solves the slurry blocking problem in the surrounding rock grouting reinforcement, but also ensures the homogenization of the surrounding rock stress on the anchor rod through the innovative anti-shear tray and fixed torque pressure plate design, which can effectively prevent the anchor rod from shearing off and effectively ensure the support effect of the anchor rod. Furthermore, the present invention combines the multi-parameter measuring instrument equipment while drilling, and can intelligently judge the operating state of the monitored object by monitoring the parameters such as the drilling rig speed, drill bit torque, anchor rod propulsion force, and vibration state of the drill rod, and can further infer the cause of this operating state, which is helpful to distinguish the differences in the drilling medium during the drilling process of the anchor drilling rig, and can effectively judge the internal integrity of the surrounding rock, and finally achieve the purpose of identifying the rock formation, so as to accurately control the grouting amount, thus, through intelligent monitoring, better decisions can be made to deal with emergencies, and the reliability of the support effect and construction efficiency are significantly improved. Through these innovations, the present invention can realize the efficient and intelligent operation of the support process, and promote the coal mining industry to a higher level of intelligent development.

[0040] The construction process of this method is simple, convenient and highly intelligent. It only requires the forward and reverse rotation of the drilling rig to achieve drilling and pre-tightening operations. At the same time, it changes the sealing method of the slurry in the anchor grouting function, effectively improving the construction efficiency of the support construction. At the same time, it significantly improves the support effect. It has a wide range of applicability and is easy to be used in large-scale applications in various types of engineering supports. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the drilling intelligent monitoring system in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 It is a state schematic diagram of grouting operation in the intelligent construction method of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the drill-seal-injection anchor rod in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the PDC drill bit in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the anti-shear tray in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed-torsion pressing sheet in the present invention;

[0047] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the built-in mixer in the present invention.

[0048] In the figure: 1. rod body; 11. first section of corrugated thread section; 12. middle section of large thread section; 13. last section of corrugated thread section; 2. PDC drill bit; 21. drill bit slurry outlet; 3. anti-shear tray; 31. anchor hole; 4. fixed torque pressing plate; 5. hexagonal nut; 6. round nut; 7. built-in mixer; 71. partition grid; 72. annular limit boss; 8. multi-parameter monitoring while drilling; 81. vibration sensor; 82. main machine; 9. drilling rig; 91. machine rod connector; 10. grouting pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention provides a drilling and sealing anchor rod, comprising a rod body 1, a PDC drill bit 2, an anti-shear tray 3, a fixed torque pressing plate 4, a hexagonal nut 5, a round nut 6 and a built-in mixer 7;

[0051] The axis of the rod body 1 has an axially penetrating grouting channel, and its outer surface is a continuous thread structure, and is divided into a first wave thread section 11, a middle large thread section 12 and a final wave thread section 13 from the head end to the tail end; wherein the thread structure between the first wave thread section 11 and the middle large thread section 12 is smoothly transitioned, and the thread structure between the middle large thread section 12 and the final wave thread section 13 is smoothly transitioned; the outer diameter of the first wave thread section 11 and the outer diameter of the final wave thread section 13 are both smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section 12;; a front-stage spiral slag discharge channel is formed in the first wave thread section 11; and a rear-stage spiral slag discharge channel is formed in the middle large thread section 12;

[0052] The PDC drill bit 2 is installed at the head end of the rod body 1, and the head end of the PDC drill bit 2 has a drill bit slurry outlet 21 connected to the grouting channel; as a preferred embodiment, the outer diameter of the PDC drill bit 2 is larger than the outer diameter of the first section of the corrugated thread section 11 and smaller than the outer diameter of the middle section of the large thread section 12; in this way, a larger hole diameter can be formed during the drilling process, thereby effectively reducing the friction and resistance between the first section of the corrugated thread section 11 and the hole wall when it moves forward, and utilizing the high cutting performance of the PDC drill bit 2 to break the coal rock into small particles, and utilizing the outer thread of the rod body to transport the debris to the hole mouth, thereby ensuring the continuity and efficiency of drilling.

[0053] The portion of the central anchor hole 31 of the anti-shear tray 3 is a tubular structure that protrudes axially and has a continuously tapered inner and outer diameters. The inner diameter of the anchor hole 31 is larger than the outer diameter of the last wave thread section 13 and smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section 12. The anti-shear tray 3 is slidably mounted on the outside of the last wave thread section 13 through the anchor hole 31. The portion of the anchor hole 31 is a continuously tapered tubular structure, and the aperture of the anchor hole 31 is larger than the outer diameter of the last wave thread section 13, so that the rod body 1 can have a certain swinging free space during construction, so that during the drilling process, the angle of the anchor hole 31 can be adjusted to match the bending angle of the rod body 1 by rotating the tray, so that a certain activity space can be left for the rod body 1, which can effectively reduce the shear force of the anti-shear tray 3 on the rod body 1 and effectively protect the rod body 1.

[0054] The fixed-torsion pressure piece 4 is in the shape of a hollow flat-bottomed spherical crown, and a mounting hole is provided at the center of its top; the fixed-torsion pressure piece 4 is slidably mounted on the outside of the final wave thread section 13 through the mounting hole, and is closer to the end of the rod body 1 than the anti-shear tray 3; the fixed-torsion pressure piece 4 will deform under the action of torque, and when the preload force reaches the set preload pressure, it will reach a flattened state, and the flattened state can be used to intuitively judge whether the applied preload force reaches the set preload pressure, thereby facilitating intuitive monitoring of the preload force of the anchor rod;

[0055] The hexagonal nut 5 is sleeved on the outside of the last wave thread section 13 through thread matching, and its fixed torsion pressing piece 4 is close to the end of the rod body 1;

[0056] The circular nut 6 is coaxially fixed and welded to the end of the rod body 1, and its internal thread cavity is smoothly connected to the grouting channel; the circular nut 6 can effectively prevent the hexagonal nut 5 from retreating, thereby playing a locking role. Therefore, when the drilling rig 9 uses the clockwise rotating machine rod connector 91 to drive the hexagonal nut 5 to rotate, the circular nut 6 can be used to resist the retreating hexagonal nut 6. In this way, when the drilling rig 9 continues to rotate, the torque can be applied to the rod body 1 to achieve the drilling operation. In addition, when the anchoring of the rod body 1 is completed, the reverse drilling rig 9 can be used to drive the hexagonal nut 5 to achieve the pre-tightening function of the fixed torque pressure plate 4 and the anti-shear tray 3. This design method realizes the dual functions of the forward rotation drilling and reverse pre-tightening of the drilling rig 9, thereby reducing the operation process, improving the construction efficiency, and ensuring the stability and reliability of the anchor installation process.

[0057] The last wave thread section 13 in front of the circular nut 6 has a movable space of a set length, so that the hexagonal nut 5 can have enough movable space to be conveniently connected with the drill 9, thereby facilitating the use of the drill 9 to drive the hexagonal nut 5 to move;

[0058] The main body of the built-in mixer 7 is a rod-shaped structure, and an external thread structure that matches the circular nut 6 is provided on the outer surface; an axially penetrating mixing chamber is provided at the axis of the built-in mixer 7, and a partition grid 71 for dividing the radial space of the mixing chamber is fixedly installed inside the mixing chamber; the built-in mixer 7 is connected to the inside of the circular nut 6 through threaded matching, and its head end extends into the grouting channel. The built-in mixer 7 automatically completes the slurry mixing during pumping grouting. After drilling the hole, the slurry is injected from the end of the rod body 1, and after being evenly mixed by the built-in mixer 7, it flows out from the drill bit slurry outlet 21 of the PDC drill bit 2, ensuring that the slurry is evenly distributed on the entire hole wall, realizing the full-length anchoring of the anchor rod and the effective sealing of the surrounding rock cracks.

[0059] In order to ensure the overall bearing strength of the anchor rod and to ensure the subsequent support effect, the lengths of the first wave thread section 11, the middle large thread section 12 and the last wave thread section 13 are 3 / 5, 1 / 5 and 1 / 5 of the length of the rod body 1 respectively. Among them, the first section of the corrugated thread section 11 is mainly used to ensure the strength of the rod body 1, and is used to output the generated slag and debris toward the hole mouth through the formed front section spiral slag discharge channel; the middle section large thread section 12 is used to output the slag and debris discharged from the front section spiral slag discharge channel to the hole mouth through the rear section spiral slag discharge channel after the first section of the corrugated thread section 11 has entered the hole, so as to prevent the drill from being stuck due to untimely slag or chip discharge. At the same time, the middle section large thread section 12 can use its own structure to expand the hole, and fully fit with the hole wall to achieve the effect of densely sealing the hole. In this way, during the pumping grouting process, the middle section large thread section 12 can be used to effectively block the slurry to prevent the slurry from leaking out, and can play a role in maintaining pressure, which is conducive to enabling the continuously injected slurry to extend more efficiently to the depth of the surrounding rock fissure, and can significantly improve the filling effect, thereby achieving an effective reinforcement effect;

[0060] As a preferred embodiment, the end of the built-in mixer 7 is fixedly sleeved with an annular limiting boss 72. When the built-in mixer 7 is installed in the rod body 1 through the circular nut 6, the annular limiting boss 72 abuts against the end of the rod body 1 to play a limiting role. Preferably, the built-in mixer 7 is made of nylon and is made by grouting molding.

[0061] In order to improve the drilling efficiency, the PDC drill bit 2 is a three-wing drill bit. The PDC drill bit 2 has excellent wear resistance and can quickly break rocks, thereby significantly improving the drilling efficiency; this design of the PDC drill bit 2 can provide uniform cutting force, which can ensure stability during the drilling process; at the same time, the PDC drill bit 2 is a hollow structure, so that when grouting after hole formation, the slurry enters the inner cavity of the PDC drill bit 2 through the grouting channel in the rod body 1 and flows out from the slurry outlet 2 of the drill bit, ensuring that the slurry can be evenly and continuously transported to the hole to achieve a sufficient anchoring effect.

[0062] In order to improve the supporting effect, the edge parts of the anti-shear tray 3 and the anchor hole 31 are transitionally connected by a variable diameter section, and 5 to 8 longitudinal ribs are evenly arranged on the circumference of the variable diameter section. Specifically, the anti-shear tray 3 with a suitable number of longitudinal ribs can be selected according to the actual working conditions during construction. By setting a plurality of longitudinal ribs, the stress can be evenly diffused to the edges of the anti-shear tray 3 during the support process, and act on the rock surface at the hole mouth, thereby increasing the bearing capacity of the anti-shear tray 3. This is not only conducive to improving the stability and reliability of the support of the rod body 1, but also realizes the equalization of stress. As a preferred embodiment, the outer edge of the anti-shear tray 3 is circular, so that the stress borne by the tray can be better evenly diffused to the periphery.

[0063] The higher the penetration rate, the smaller the drill bit will be, the faster it will be used, and the faster it will be used will be more likely to cause the drill to lose its traction and become lodged in the rocking rock.PDC drill bit has the advantages of small size, high speed drill bit, easy to be used in construction, and easy to be drilled easily. Furthermore, the largest outer diameter of the middle large thread section can be used for hole expansion. At the same time, the outer edge of the middle large thread section can be fully embedded with the hole wall to achieve the effect of densely sealing the hole. In this way, during the pumping grouting process, the middle large thread section can be used to effectively seal the slurry to prevent the slurry from leaking out, and it can play a role in maintaining pressure, which is conducive to the continuous injection of slurry to extend more efficiently to the depth of the surrounding rock cracks, and can significantly improve the filling effect, thereby achieving an effective reinforcement effect. The PDC drill bit is provided with a drill bit outlet connected to the grouting channel in the rod body, which can facilitate subsequent grouting operations. The anchor hole of the anti-shear tray is made into a continuous and gradually shrinking tubular structure, and the diameter of the anchor hole is larger than the outer diameter of the last wave-shaped threaded section, so that the rod body can have a certain swinging free space during construction, so that the angle of the anchor hole can be adjusted to match the bending angle of the rod body by rotating the tray during drilling, thereby leaving a certain activity space for the rod body, which can effectively reduce the shear force of the anti-shear tray on the rod body and effectively protect the rod body; at the same time, this structure can evenly spread the stress borne by the anchor hole part to the edges around the anti-shear tray during the support process, and act on the rock surface at the hole mouth, thereby increasing the bearing capacity of the anti-shear tray and achieving stress homogenization. Since the fixed torque pressure plate can reach a flattened state under the action of the set preload pressure, the fixed torque pressure plate is set on one side of the end of the anti-shear tray, which can intuitively judge whether the applied preload pressure reaches the set preload pressure, thereby facilitating intuitive monitoring of the preload force of the anchor rod.A circular nut is fixedly welded at the end of the rod body, and the threaded cavity of the circular nut is smoothly connected with the grouting channel of the rod body. At the same time, a hexagonal nut is arranged between the fixed torque pressure plate and the circular nut. On the one hand, the circular nut can be used to effectively prevent the hexagonal nut from retreating, thereby playing a locking role on the rear stroke of the hexagonal nut. In this way, when the drilling rig uses the clockwise rotating machine rod connector 91 to drive the hexagonal nut to rotate, the circular nut can resist and limit the hexagonal nut that has reached the maximum retreat stroke. In this way, when the drilling rig continues to rotate, the torque can be applied to The rod body and PDC drill bit are used to realize the drilling operation. In addition, when the rod body is anchored, the reverse drilling rig can be used to drive the hexagonal nut to reverse, thereby realizing the pre-tightening function of the fixed torque pressure plate and the anti-shear tray. This design method realizes the dual functions of the forward drilling and reverse pre-tightening of the drilling rig, which not only reduces the intermediate operation process, but also significantly improves the construction efficiency and ensures the stability and reliability of the anchor installation process; on the other hand, the built-in mixer with an external thread structure can be firmly assembled on the inner side of the end of the rod body by cooperating with the internal thread structure of the circular nut. A mixing chamber is provided inside the built-in mixer, and a separation grid is provided in the mixing chamber. The synergistic effect of the separation grid and the grouting pressure can be fully utilized during the grouting process to crush the large particles again, and the mixed slurry can be mixed twice, so that the slurry is mixed more fully, which greatly increases the slurry permeability. In the case of preventing slurry blockage, it can also help to fill the slurry into deeper cracks.

[0064] The anchor rod has a simple structure, low manufacturing cost and reliable support capacity. It can realize drilling, hole sealing and hole grouting reinforcement operations in an integrated manner. It not only effectively solves the slurry blocking problem in surrounding rock grouting reinforcement, but also effectively reduces the shear force of the tray on the rod body. At the same time, it can intuitively judge whether the preload force meets the required requirements, effectively ensuring the strength and support effect of the support, and providing reliable technical guarantee for the stable control of the surrounding rock.

[0065] The present invention also provides a drilling intelligent monitoring system, which uses a drilling and sealing anchor rod, including a machine rod connector 91, a drilling rig 9, a monitoring sensor group, and a multi-parameter monitoring instrument while drilling 8. The multi-parameter monitoring instrument while drilling 8 includes a vibration sensor 81 and a host 82;

[0066] The outer diameter of the circular nut 6 is smaller than the outer diameter of the hexagonal nut 5;

[0067] The front end axis of the machine rod connector 91 is provided with an inner hexagonal connection hole, and the rear end axis thereof is fixedly connected with an outer hexagonal connection head, and the size of the inner hexagonal connection hole is adapted to the size of the hexagonal nut 5, and the depth of the inner hexagonal connection hole is adapted to the length of the last wave thread section 13; the front end of the machine rod connector 91 is sleeved on the outside of the last wave thread section 13 through the inner hexagonal connection hole, and is sleeved on the outside of the hexagonal nut 5;

[0068] The size of the inner hexagonal mounting hole at the front end of the drill 9 matches the size of the outer hexagonal connector at the rear end of the machine rod connector 91, and the drill 9 is sleeved on the outside of the outer hexagonal connector at the rear end of the machine rod connector 91 through the inner hexagonal mounting hole;

[0069] The monitoring sensor group is installed on the drilling rig 9 and is used to collect the rotation speed signal, torque signal, push pressure signal, drilling angle signal and drilling speed signal of the drilling rig 9; as a preferred embodiment, the monitoring sensor group includes a rotation speed sensor, a torque sensor, a drilling pressure sensor, an inclination sensor and a drilling speed sensor, wherein the rotation speed sensor is used to collect the rotation speed signal, the torque sensor is used to collect the torque signal, the drilling pressure sensor is used to collect the push pressure signal, the inclination sensor is used to collect the drilling angle signal, and the drilling speed sensor is used to collect the drilling speed signal;

[0070] The vibration sensor 81 is mounted on the machine rod connector 91 and is used to collect vibration signals; as a preferred embodiment, the vibration sensor 81 is a wireless vibration sensor;

[0071] The host computer 82 is connected to the monitoring sensor group and the vibration sensor 81 respectively, and is used to analyze and process the received signals, and to judge the operating state of the PDC drill bit 2 and the integrity of the surrounding rock.

[0072] Specifically, since the rod body 1 and the machine rod connector 91 vibrate at the same frequency during the drilling process, the operating state of the PDC drill bit 2 can be judged by the collected vibration signal, and the operating state includes abnormal working conditions such as stuck drill and jumping drill, which can help to infer the cause of this operating state, and further judge the difference in the medium during the drilling process, identify the changes in the rock formation and the development of the surrounding rock cracks, and can realize the real-time judgment of the parameters such as the strength, integrity, and stress state of each point of the rock formation, so that the corresponding countermeasures can be selected, so that the intelligent monitoring of the drilling process and the intelligent analysis of the surrounding rock state can be realized, and the relevant problems in the tunnel support can be prevented in advance. At the same time, the host 2 can also obtain the speed data of the drilling rig 9, the torque data of the PDC drill bit 2, the propulsion force data of the anchor rod, the drilling angle data, the output power of the drilling rig 9, the drilling rate data, the drilling depth data, etc. according to the speed signal, the torque signal, the push pressure signal, the drilling angle signal and the drilling speed signal, so that the drilling process can be intelligently monitored in real time.

[0073] As a preferred embodiment, a memory chip is connected to the host 82, and the memory chip is used to store data. At the same time, the data on the memory chip can be further transmitted to a data processing system for analysis and research, so as to use the data processing system to determine the internal cracks and strength of the surrounding rock mass.

[0074] In the present invention, since the rod body and the machine rod connector are in the same frequency vibration state during the drilling process, thus, installing a vibration sensor on the machine rod connector can facilitate the judgment of the operating state of the PDC drill bit through the collected vibration signal, and thus can timely discover abnormal working conditions. By installing a monitoring sensor group for using speed signal, torque signal, push pressure signal, drilling angle signal and drilling speed signal on the drilling rig, the rock formation changes and the development of surrounding rock cracks can be comprehensively judged and identified in combination with the collected vibration signal, and the parameters such as the strength, integrity, and stress state of each point of the rock formation can be judged in real time, so that corresponding countermeasures can be selected when an abnormality occurs. In this way, intelligent monitoring of the drilling process and intelligent analysis of the surrounding rock state can be realized, and related problems in tunnel support can be prevented in advance. The system has a high degree of intelligence and can analyze and judge the operating state of the drill bit, the structure and difference of the drilling medium through online real-time monitoring, which is conducive to improving the drilling efficiency, and at the same time, it can be conducive to ensuring the safety of the drilling operation.

[0075] The present invention also provides a drilling, sealing and grouting integrated rapid construction method, which uses a drilling, sealing and grouting anchor rod and specifically includes the following steps:

[0076] Step 1: Select the intended construction location on the rock surface;

[0077] Step 2: The front end of the machine rod connector 91 is mounted on the outside of the last wave thread section 13 through the inner hexagonal connecting hole, and is mounted on the outside of the hexagonal nut 5, and then the outer hexagonal connector at the rear end of the machine rod connector 91 is inserted into the inner hexagonal mounting hole of the drilling rig 9, and then the vibration sensor 81 is installed on the machine rod connector 91, and the monitoring sensor group is installed on the drilling rig 9; the connection between the host 82 in the drilling multi-parameter monitor 8 and the monitoring sensor group and the vibration sensor 81 is established, and the drilling intelligent monitoring system is composed of the drilling rig 9, the monitoring sensor group, the drilling multi-parameter monitor 8 and the drilling and sealing anchor rod;

[0078] Step 3: Use the drill 9 to drive the rod connector 91 to rotate, and simultaneously drive the hexagonal nut 5 to rotate in a clockwise direction until it reaches the end of the rod body 1 and abuts against the circular nut 6;

[0079] Step 4: Use the circular nut 6 to perform rear limit locking on the hexagonal nut 5, and continue to drive the hexagonal nut 5 to rotate through the drilling rig 9, so that the torque is transmitted to the rod body 1 and the PDC drill bit 2 through the hexagonal nut 5, and then synchronously drive the rod body 1 and the PDC drill bit 2 to rotate at high speed, and use the high-speed rotating PDC drill bit 2 to perform drilling operations. In this process, the large coal and rock masses in the direction of travel are crushed by the efficient cutting performance of the PDC drill bit 2. At the same time, the formed slag and debris enter the front spiral slag discharge channel, and under the action of rotating the rod body 1 in the clockwise direction, they are brought out of the hole along the front spiral slag discharge channel, realizing preliminary drilling slag and chip removal operations;

[0080] As the drilling operation continues, the rod body 1 continues to drill deeper. When the first wave-threaded section 11 completely enters the hole, the rotation speed of the drill 9 is reduced, and the middle large threaded section 12 is continued to be driven to slowly enter the hole. At the same time, the slag and debris discharged from the front spiral slag discharge channel enter the rear spiral slag discharge channel, and under the action of rotating the rod body 1 in the clockwise direction, continue to be brought out of the hole along the rear spiral channel, thereby realizing the subsequent drilling slag and chip removal operations;

[0081] When the middle large threaded section 12 completely enters the hole, the drilling rig 9 continues to apply torque until the end of the middle large threaded section 12 completely enters the hole, and the drilling is stopped. The drilling rig 9 is controlled to reverse, so that the machine rod connecting head 91 synchronously drives the hexagonal nut 5 to rotate in the opposite direction toward the fixed torque pressing plate 4. During the reverse rotation of the hexagonal nut 5, the fixed torque pressing plate 4 is gradually pushed in the direction of the anti-shear tray 3, and the head end of the fixed torque pressing plate 4 is pressed against the end of the anti-shear tray 3. The torque is continued to be applied to make the fixed torque pressing plate 4 continue to deform until it reaches the set preload state when it reaches the flattened state, and the application of torque is stopped, and the drilling rig 9 is removed to complete the installation of the drill-sealed anchor rod.

[0082] At the same time, the vibration sensor 81 is used to collect vibration signals in real time and send them to the host 82. The monitoring sensor is used to collect the rotation speed signal, torque signal, push pressure signal, drilling angle signal and drilling speed signal of the drilling rig 9 in real time and send them to the host 82. The host 82 obtains vibration data, rotation speed data, torque data, push pressure data, drilling angle data and drilling speed data according to the vibration signal, rotation speed signal, torque signal, push pressure signal, drilling angle signal and drilling speed signal. The host 82 determines whether the drill is stuck or jumped according to the continuous change of the push pressure data. At the same time, when it is determined that the drill is stuck or jumped, the display screen connected to it displays the abnormal reminder information of the drill stuck or jumped. The host 82 obtains the rod body 1 according to the vibration data and rotation speed data. and the operating status of the PDC drill bit 2; the host 82 obtains the power data of the drilling rig 9 according to the torque data; the host 82 obtains the drilling inclination angle of the rod body 1 and the PDC drill bit 2 according to the drilling angle data, and when the drilling inclination angle deviates from the set motion trajectory, the display screen connected thereto displays the abnormal trajectory deviation reminder information; at the same time, the host 82 analyzes and processes the rock formation conditions in combination with the vibration data, rotation speed data, torque data, push pressure data, drilling angle data and drilling speed data, and obtains the rock formation distribution data, so as to understand the distribution of the rock formation in real time during the drilling process and judge the integrity of the surrounding rock; during the drilling process, the host 82 adaptively adjusts the rotation speed and power of the drilling rig 9 according to the rock formation distribution data to achieve efficient and safe drilling operations;

[0083] Step 5: Stir the slurry fully to ensure that the uniformity and fluidity of the slurry meet the grouting requirements; connect the grouting pipe to the end of the built-in mixer 7, and use the grouting pump 10 to allow the slurry to enter the mixing chamber of the built-in mixer 7 through the grouting pipe. Under the action of the partition grid 71, the slurry is further mixed evenly in the mixing chamber, and then transported to the drill bit outlet 21 through the grouting channel, and then enters the deep hole from the drill bit outlet 21. In this process, the grouting amount is controlled according to the integrity of the surrounding rock. At the same time, the outer edge surface of the middle large threaded section 12 in close contact with the hole wall is used to maintain the grouting pressure, so that the continuously entering slurry first fills the entire hole, and then gradually enters the deep cracks under the action of maintaining the pressure, thereby effectively blocking the cracks; when the grouting pressure suddenly increases, stop the grouting operation, remove the grouting pipe, and then seal the end of the built-in mixer 7 to prevent the loss of slurry.

[0084] As a preferred embodiment, in step five, gauze is used as a blocking material to block the end of the built-in mixer 7.

[0085] As a preferred embodiment, in step five, after the grouting pipe is removed, the grouting pipe is cleaned with clean water to prevent the remaining slurry from solidifying and clogging the pipe.

[0086] The present invention improves the existing anchor technology and proposes a drilling, sealing and injection integrated rapid construction method. First, the structural design of the anchor is optimized. The adopted drilling, sealing and injection anchor is composed of a complete rod body, wherein the drill bit, rod body, anti-shear tray, fixed torque pressure plate, hexagonal nut, built-in mixer and round nut are an integrated equipment structure. During construction, no additional tray and lock are required after the drilling is completed. After the drilling is completed, the anchoring agent can be directly injected for anchor pre-tightening. The drilling and pre-tightening process can be achieved only by the forward and reverse rotation of the drilling rig, which effectively reduces the construction process; at the same time, there is no need to perform the rod connection operation during the construction process, which simplifies the construction steps and reduces the process. In this way, not only the construction efficiency is improved, but also the quality problems that may be caused by improper rod connection are reduced. Since the number of connection points can be reduced during construction, the stability and reliability of the overall structure can be effectively enhanced, ensuring the support effect. The ease of operation during the use of this anchor also reduces the complexity of on-site management and maintenance, making the construction more efficient and economical. Secondly, the present invention adopts the drilling function combined with the integrated technology of pumping and grouting, which not only effectively solves the slurry blocking problem in the surrounding rock grouting reinforcement, but also ensures the homogenization of the surrounding rock stress on the anchor rod through the innovative anti-shear tray and fixed torque pressure plate design, which can effectively prevent the anchor rod from shearing off and effectively ensure the support effect of the anchor rod. Furthermore, the present invention combines the multi-parameter measuring instrument equipment while drilling, and can intelligently judge the operating state of the monitored object by monitoring the parameters such as the drilling rig speed, drill bit torque, anchor rod propulsion force, and vibration state of the drill rod, and can further infer the cause of this operating state, which is helpful to distinguish the differences in the drilling medium during the drilling process of the anchor drilling rig, and can effectively judge the internal integrity of the surrounding rock, and finally achieve the purpose of identifying the rock formation, so as to accurately control the grouting amount, thus, through intelligent monitoring, better decisions can be made to deal with emergencies, and the reliability of the support effect and construction efficiency are significantly improved. Through these innovations, the present invention can realize the efficient and intelligent operation of the support process, and promote the coal mining industry to a higher level of intelligent development.

[0087] The construction process of this method is simple, convenient and highly intelligent. It only requires the forward and reverse rotation of the drilling rig to achieve drilling and pre-tightening operations. At the same time, it changes the sealing method of the slurry in the anchor grouting function, effectively improving the construction efficiency of the support construction. At the same time, it significantly improves the support effect. It has a wide range of applicability and is easy to be used in large-scale applications in various types of engineering supports.

Claims

1. A drilling and sealing anchor rod, comprising a rod body (1), characterized in that: It also includes a PDC drill bit (2), an anti-shear tray (3), a fixed torque pressing plate (4), a hexagonal nut (5), a round nut (6) and a built-in mixer (7); The shaft center of the rod body (1) has an axially penetrating grouting channel, and its outer surface is a continuous thread structure, and is divided into a first wave thread section (11), a middle large thread section (12) and a last wave thread section (13) from the head end to the tail end; wherein the outer diameter of the first wave thread section (11) and the outer diameter of the last wave thread section (13) are both smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section (12); a front spiral slag discharge channel is formed in the first wave thread section (11); and a rear spiral slag discharge channel is formed in the middle large thread section (12); The PDC drill bit (2) is installed at the head end of the rod body (1), and the head end of the PDC drill bit (2) has a drill bit grout outlet (21) connected to the grouting channel; at the same time, the outer diameter of the PDC drill bit (2) is larger than the outer diameter of the first wave thread section (11) and smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section (12); The central anchor hole (31) of the anti-shear tray (3) is a tubular structure that protrudes axially and has a continuously tapered inner and outer diameter. The inner diameter of the anchor hole (31) is larger than the outer diameter of the last wave thread section (13) and smaller than the outer diameter of the middle large thread section (12). The anti-shear tray (3) is slidably mounted on the outside of the last wave thread section (13) through the anchor hole (31). The fixed-torsion pressure plate (4) is in the shape of a hollow flat-bottomed spherical crown, and a mounting hole is provided at the center of its top; the fixed-torsion pressure plate (4) is slidably mounted on the outside of the terminal wave thread section (13) through the mounting hole, and is closer to the end of the rod body (1) than the anti-shear tray (3); The hexagonal nut (5) is sleeved on the outside of the terminal wave thread section (13) through threaded matching, and its fixed torque pressing piece (4) is close to the end of the rod body (1); The circular nut (6) is coaxially fixedly welded to the end of the rod body (1), and its internal thread cavity is smoothly connected to the grouting channel; The main body of the built-in mixer (7) is a rod-shaped structure, and an external thread structure that matches the circular nut (6) is provided on the outer surface; an axially penetrating mixing chamber is provided at the axis center of the built-in mixer (7), and a partition grid (71) for dividing the radial space of the mixing chamber is fixedly installed inside the mixing chamber; the built-in mixer (7) is connected to the inside of the circular nut (6) through threaded matching, and its head end extends into the grouting channel.

2. The drill-seal-injection anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lengths of the first wave thread section (11), the middle large thread section (12) and the last wave thread section (13) account for 3 / 5, 1 / 5 and 1 / 5 of the length of the rod body (1) respectively.

3. The drill-seal-injection anchor rod according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end of the built-in mixer (7) is fixedly sleeved with an annular limiting boss (72); the built-in mixer (7) is made of nylon and is manufactured by grouting molding.

4. The drill-seal-injection anchor rod according to claim 3, characterized in that: The PDC drill bit (2) is a three-wing drill bit.

5. The drill-seal-injection anchor rod according to claim 4, characterized in that: The edge portions of the anti-shear tray (3) and the anchor hole (31) thereof are transitionally connected via a diameter-reducing section, and 5 to 8 longitudinal ribs are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the diameter-reducing section.

6. A drilling intelligent monitoring system, using a drilling and sealing anchor rod as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: It also includes a machine rod connector (91), a drilling rig (9), a monitoring sensor group, and a multi-parameter monitoring instrument while drilling (8), wherein the multi-parameter monitoring instrument while drilling (8) includes a vibration sensor (81) and a host (82); The outer diameter of the circular nut (6) is smaller than the outer diameter of the hexagonal nut (5); The front end axis of the machine rod connector (91) is provided with an inner hexagonal connecting hole, and the rear end axis thereof is fixedly connected with an outer hexagonal connecting head, and the size of the inner hexagonal connecting hole is adapted to the size of the hexagonal nut (5), and the depth of the inner hexagonal connecting hole is adapted to the length of the last wave thread section (13); the front end of the machine rod connector (91) is sleeved onto the outside of the last wave thread section (13) through the inner hexagonal connecting hole, and is sleeved onto the outside of the hexagonal nut (5); The size of the inner hexagonal mounting hole at the front end of the drilling machine (9) matches the size of the outer hexagonal connecting head at the rear end of the machine rod connecting head (91), and the drilling machine (9) is sleeved on the outside of the outer hexagonal connecting head at the rear end of the machine rod connecting head (91) through the inner hexagonal mounting hole; The monitoring sensor group is installed on the drilling rig (9) and is used to collect the rotation speed signal, torque signal, push pressure signal, drilling angle signal and drilling speed signal of the drilling rig (9); The vibration sensor (81) is mounted on the machine rod connector (91) and is used to collect vibration signals; The host (82) is respectively connected to the monitoring sensor group and the vibration sensor (81) and is used to analyze and process the received signals and to judge the operating state of the PDC drill bit (2) and the integrity of the surrounding rock.

7. The drilling intelligent monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The host (82) is connected to a storage chip, and the storage chip is used to store data.

8. A drilling, sealing and grouting integrated rapid construction method, using a drilling, sealing and grouting anchor rod as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: Select the intended construction location on the rock surface; Step 2: The front end of the machine rod connector (91) is mounted on the outside of the last wave thread section (13) through the inner hexagonal connecting hole, and is mounted on the outside of the hexagonal nut (5), and then the outer hexagonal connector at the rear end of the machine rod connector (91) is inserted into the inner hexagonal mounting hole of the drilling rig (9), and then the vibration sensor (81) is installed on the machine rod connector (91), and the monitoring sensor group is installed on the drilling rig (9); the connection between the host (82) in the drilling multi-parameter monitor (8) and the monitoring sensor group and the vibration sensor (81) is established, and the drilling intelligent monitoring system is composed of the drilling rig (9), the monitoring sensor group, the drilling multi-parameter monitor (8) and the drilling and sealing anchor rod; Step 3: Use the drilling machine (9) to drive the rod connector (91) to rotate, and simultaneously drive the hexagonal nut (5) to rotate in a clockwise direction until it reaches the end of the rod body (1) and abuts against the circular nut (6); Step 4: Use the circular nut (6) to perform rear limit locking on the hexagonal nut (5), and continue to drive the hexagonal nut (5) to rotate through the drilling rig (9), so that the torque is transmitted to the rod body (1) and the PDC drill bit (2) through the hexagonal nut (5), and then synchronously drive the rod body (1) and the PDC drill bit (2) to rotate at high speed, and use the high-speed rotating PDC drill bit (2) to perform drilling operations. In this process, the large coal and rock masses in the direction of travel are crushed by the efficient cutting performance of the PDC drill bit (2). At the same time, the formed slag and debris enter the front spiral slag discharge channel, and under the action of the clockwise rotation of the rod body (1), they are brought out of the hole along the front spiral slag discharge channel, thereby realizing preliminary drilling slag and chip removal operations; As the drilling operation continues, the rod body (1) continues to drill deeper into the hole. When the first wave-threaded section (11) completely enters the hole, the rotation speed of the drilling machine (9) is reduced, and the middle large threaded section (12) is continued to be driven to slowly enter the hole. At the same time, the slag and debris discharged by the front spiral slag discharge channel enter the rear spiral slag discharge channel, and under the action of the clockwise rotation of the rod body (1), continue to be brought out of the hole mouth along the rear spiral channel, thereby realizing the subsequent drilling slag and chip removal operations; When the middle large threaded section (12) completely enters the hole, the torque is continuously applied by the drilling machine (9) until the end of the middle large threaded section (12) completely enters the hole mouth, and the drilling is stopped. The drilling machine (9) is controlled to reverse, so that the machine rod connecting head (91) synchronously drives the hexagonal nut (5) to rotate in the opposite direction toward the fixed torque pressing plate (4). During the reverse rotation of the hexagonal nut (5), the fixed torque pressing plate (4) is gradually pushed in the direction of the anti-shear tray (3), and the head end of the fixed torque pressing plate (4) is pressed against the end of the anti-shear tray (3). The torque is continuously applied to cause the fixed torque pressing plate (4) to continue to deform until the set preload state is reached when the flattening state is reached. The application of torque is stopped, and the drilling machine (9) is removed to complete the installation operation of the drill-sealed anchor rod. At the same time, a vibration sensor (81) is used to collect vibration signals in real time and send them to a host (82); a monitoring sensor is used to collect rotation speed signals, torque signals, push pressure signals, drilling angle signals and drilling speed signals of the drilling rig (9) in real time and send them to the host (82); the host (82) obtains vibration data, rotation speed data, torque data, push pressure data, drilling angle data and drilling speed data based on the vibration signals, rotation speed signals, torque signals, push pressure signals, drilling angle signals and drilling speed signals; the host (82) determines whether a drill stuck or drill jumped occurs based on the continuous change of the push pressure data; at the same time, when it is determined that a drill stuck or drill jumped occurs, a display screen connected to the host displays an abnormal reminder message of a drill stuck or drill jumped; the host (82) obtains the rod body (1) and the drill bit according to the vibration data and rotation speed data. The main engine (82) obtains the power data of the drilling rig (9) according to the torque data; the main engine (82) obtains the drilling inclination angle of the rod body (1) and the PDC drill bit (2) according to the drilling angle data, and when the drilling inclination angle deviates from the set motion trajectory, a display screen connected thereto displays a reminder message of abnormal trajectory deviation; at the same time, the main engine (82) analyzes and processes the rock formation conditions in combination with the vibration data, rotation speed data, torque data, push pressure data, drilling angle data and drilling speed data, and obtains rock formation distribution data, so as to understand the distribution of the rock formation in real time during the drilling process and judge the integrity of the surrounding rock; during the drilling process, the main engine (82) adaptively adjusts the rotation speed and power of the drilling rig (9) according to the rock formation distribution data, so as to achieve efficient and safe drilling operations; Step 5: fully stir the slurry to ensure that the uniformity and fluidity of the slurry meet the grouting requirements; connect the grouting pipe to the end of the built-in mixer (7), use the grouting pump (10) to allow the slurry to enter the mixing chamber of the built-in mixer (7) through the grouting pipe, and under the action of the partition grid (71), the slurry is further mixed in the mixing chamber, and then transported to the drill bit slurry outlet (21) through the grouting channel, and then enters the depth of the hole from the drill bit slurry outlet (21). In this process, the grouting amount is adjusted according to the integrity of the surrounding rock. At the same time, the outer edge of the middle large threaded section (12) is used to fit in with the hole wall to achieve the effect of densely sealing the hole, and the outer edge surface of the middle large threaded section (12) in close contact with the hole wall is used to achieve the effect of grouting pressure maintenance, so that the slurry that continuously enters first fills the entire hole, and then gradually enters the deep cracks under the effect of pressure maintenance, thereby achieving effective sealing of the cracks; when the grouting pressure suddenly increases, the grouting operation is stopped, the grouting pipe is removed, and the end of the built-in mixer (7) is sealed.

9. The drilling, sealing and injection integrated rapid construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step five, gauze is used as a plugging material to seal the end of the built-in mixer (7).

10. The drilling, sealing and injection integrated rapid construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step five, after removing the grouting pipe, clean the grouting pipe with clean water.

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