Fishery fishing system with daily output of 600 tons

Abstract

The invention relates to a fishery fishing system with daily output of 600 tons, which comprises a zero-buoyancy hollow hose, a netting gear module, a pumping module, a power module and a control module, and is characterized in that the zero-buoyancy hollow hose is mounted on the netting gear module, and the netting gear module comprises a net opening, a net body and a net bag; the control module is in control connection with the power module and the pumping module, the power module is connected with the pumping module, the power module is used for providing power for the pumping module, and the control module is used for adjusting various parameters of the pumping module; one end of the zero-buoyancy hollow hose is connected with a pump suction module on the ship, the other end of the zero-buoyancy hollow hose penetrates through the net body and extends into a net bag at the tail end of the net body, a closed channel connected to the ship from the tail end of the net bag is established, and fish and shrimp catches are conveyed into a catches collecting cabin on the ship from the net bag at the tail end of the net body through suction force generated by the pump suction module. The fishing efficiency of the continuous pumping fishing system can be effectively ensured and improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fishery capture, in particular to a fishery capture system with a daily output of 600 tons. Background Art

[0002] In the field of fishing technology, trawling is a common fishing method. Trawling is a fishing method that uses fishing boats to drag nets, so that the nets move in the water, forcing fish and other aquatic organisms to enter the net, thereby achieving the purpose of fishing. When the fishing boat sails forward and drags the net, the long conical net is subjected to backward resistance in the water and then floats and expands. The net mouth is kept open by some special devices (such as net plates, floats and sinkers, etc.). Net plates are installed on the left and right sides of the net mouth. The net plates will produce hydrodynamic effects during the towing process, and the net mouth will be stretched to both sides. Floats are installed on the upper edge of the net mouth, and sinkers are installed on the lower edge. Under the action of buoyancy and gravity, the upper and lower sides of the net mouth are moved away from each other. After the left and right, upper and lower sides of the net mouth are fully opened, a large enough sea sweeping area is obtained, allowing fish in a larger range to enter the net. At the same time, the speed of trawling is also critical. Too fast speed may cause the net to deform or even damage, and too slow speed will make the net unable to be fully opened, affecting the fishing efficiency.

[0003] In the existing technology, under the existing technical conditions, there are mainly two categories according to the classification of water layers for trawling:

[0004] (1) Bottom trawling:

[0005] Bottom trawling is mainly used to catch fish, shrimps, crabs and other benthic organisms that live near the seabed. The net is equipped with mesh plates on the left and right, floats on the upper edge, and wheel-shaped or spherical sinkers that can roll and are wear-resistant on the lower edge. When the fishing boat drags the net forward, the lower edge of the open net mouth keeps close to the seabed and moves forward, catching the benthic organisms into the net. At this time, the fishing boat usually sails at a slower speed, generally around 1-3 knots (1 knot = 1.852 kilometers / hour), to ensure that the net can be stably towed on the seabed. The crew usually adjusts the depth and speed of the trawl according to the seabed topography and sea conditions (such as tides, waves, etc.) to maintain safe operation and fishing efficiency at the same time.

[0006] When the number of fish caught in the net reaches a certain level, the trawl wire rope is retracted through the trawl winch, the net is dragged onto the deck, the catch is taken out, and the trawl operation is ended.

[0007] (2) Mid-water trawling:

[0008] Mid-water trawling is a method of fishing in the middle layer of the water body. By adjusting the number and weight of the floats and sinkers of the net, as well as the speed of the fishing boat's trawling net, the depth of the fishing net in the water is adjusted so that it is suspended in the water layer where the target fish school is located. Similarly, the net mouth is kept open by some special devices (such as net plates, floats and sinkers, etc.). Net plates are installed on the left and right sides of the net mouth. During the towing process, the net plates will produce a hydrodynamic effect and stretch the net mouth to both sides. Floats are installed on the upper edge of the net mouth, and sinkers are installed on the lower edge. Under the action of buoyancy and gravity, the upper and lower sides of the net mouth are moved away from each other. After the left and right, upper and lower sides of the net mouth are fully opened, a large enough sea sweeping area is obtained, allowing fish in a larger range to enter the net.

[0009] When fishing for schooling fish in the upper and mid-layers, the position and depth of the fish school are accurately detected by fish finding equipment such as horizontal fish finders and multi-beam sonars, and then the mid-layer trawl net is lowered to the water layer where the fish school is located. The fishing boat drags the net with the mouth open at an appropriate speed of about 2-4 knots to scoop up the fish school into the net. When the mid-layer trawl net is operated in sea areas with strong currents, the net is easily deformed by the current, resulting in a decrease in fishing efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly adjust the float, sinker and towing speed of the net.

[0010] When the number of fish caught in the net reaches a certain level, the trawl wire rope is retracted through the trawl winch, the net is dragged onto the deck, the catch is taken out, and the trawl operation is ended.

[0011] Under existing technical conditions, there are two main categories of fishing vessels involved in towing:

[0012] (1) Single vessel trawling:

[0013] Single-boat trawling is to place the net in the water behind the fishing boat and tow the net by the boat's navigation. Similarly, the net mouth is kept open by some special devices (such as net plates, floats and sinkers, etc.). Net plates are installed on the left and right sides of the net mouth. The net plates will produce a hydrodynamic effect during the towing process, which will open the net mouth to both sides. Floats are installed on the upper edge of the net mouth, and sinkers are installed on the lower edge. The upper and lower sides of the net mouth are separated from each other by the action of buoyancy and gravity respectively. After the left and right, upper and lower sides of the net mouth are fully opened, a large enough sea sweeping area is obtained, forming a fishing area in the water behind the stern, allowing fish in a larger range to enter the net.

[0014] Fishing boats sail at an appropriate speed based on the location and habits of the target fish schools. For example, when fishing for shrimps, the speed may be slower, about 1-2 knots; while when fishing for pelagic fish, the speed can be appropriately increased to 2-4 knots.

[0015] When the number of fish caught in the net reaches a certain level, the trawl wire rope is retracted through the trawl winch, the net is dragged onto the deck, the catch is taken out, and the trawl operation is ended.

[0016] Single-vessel trawling is widely used in various fishing grounds both nearshore and offshore, and is more commonly used in deep-sea fishing. It can adapt to different seabed topography and water depth conditions.

[0017] It can catch a variety of fish, shrimps and crabs. It has a good fishing effect on bottom fish, such as various deep-sea cod, grouper, etc., as well as shrimps and crabs, such as deep-sea shrimps and king crabs. It can also be used to catch some upper-middle-layer fish, such as some small tuna and bonito.

[0018] Since there is only one ship operating, the power and maneuverability of the ship are required to be high. The trawl device at the stern needs to be reasonably designed to ensure that the net can be stably opened during the towing process and does not affect the navigation performance of the ship. In complex sea conditions such as deep sea, it is necessary to consider the strength and stability of the net, as well as how to accurately lower the net to the target water layer. At the same time, the fishing range of a single-ship trawl is smaller than that of a double-ship trawl, and fish schools need to be located more accurately.

[0019] (2) Two-boat trawling:

[0020] Two-boat trawling is a fishing method in which two fishing boats jointly tow a net. The two fishing boats maintain a certain distance (usually ranging from tens to hundreds of meters) and synchronized sailing speeds, and each fishing boat tows the net through a trolling line connected to one side of the net.

[0021] When operating, the trawl net is first put into the water, and then the two fishing boats move forward at a certain speed and heading, so that the trawl net is spread out in the water and forms a larger fishing area. When fishing for large schools of fish or operating in large fishing grounds, the double-boat trawl can cover a wider range of sea areas.

[0022] Two-boat trawling is suitable for nearshore and some offshore fishing grounds, especially those areas where fish are widely distributed and densely populated. Two-boat trawling can catch a variety of fish, including pelagic and demersal fish. For some large, fast-moving fish, such as swordfish, the large-scale fishing method of two-boat trawling is more advantageous; it is also commonly used to catch pelagic fish such as mackerel and Spanish mackerel, as well as demersal fish such as hairtail.

[0023] In double-boat trawling, the coordination between the two boats is crucial. They need to maintain the same speed, heading and spacing, which requires good communication between the crew and skilled driving skills. The double-boat trawling nets are large, and the process of pulling and releasing the nets is relatively complicated, requiring a larger deck space and more complex mechanical equipment to operate, and the size and equipment requirements of the fishing vessels are relatively high.

[0024] Under existing technical conditions, there are two main types of fishing systems, classified by the way the catch in the net is taken out to the boat:

[0025] (1) Traditional trawling:

[0026] The traditional trawling system consists of nets, towing lines, fishing boats, and supporting winches and other equipment.

[0027] The net consists of a net mouth, a net body and a net bag.

[0028] Net mouth: The net mouth is a key part of the trawl. Its size and opening degree directly affect the fishing efficiency. The upper edge of the net mouth is usually equipped with a float. The float is made of various materials, such as foam plastics or hollow glass balls, to provide upward buoyancy. The lower edge is equipped with a sinker, usually a lead block or an iron chain, to generate downward gravity. This combination of floats and sinkers allows the net mouth to open vertically in the water. In addition, some trawls also use net plates on both sides of the net mouth. During the towing process, the net plates use the principle of hydrodynamics to generate lateral expansion force, so that the net mouth can also be effectively opened in the horizontal direction.

[0029] Net body: The net body of a traditional trawl is usually woven with high-strength fiber materials, such as polyethylene or nylon. These materials have good wear resistance and corrosion resistance to meet the needs of long-term trawling in the water. The net body is generally cone-shaped or nearly cone-shaped, and its length, diameter and mesh size vary according to factors such as the target fish species and the depth of the operating sea area. When fishing for large fish in the deep sea, the net body will be relatively long and thick to ensure that there is enough space to accommodate the catch.

[0030] Net bag: Located at the back of the net, it is where the catch is concentrated. The mesh of the net bag is usually smaller than the rest of the net to prevent the fish that have entered the net from escaping. Its shape is usually spherical or oval, and the size is designed according to the expected catch.

[0031] Towline: The towline is the rope that connects the fishing boat and the trawl net, used to transmit the towing force of the fishing boat. Its length and strength depend on the operating water depth and the power of the fishing boat. Generally speaking, the towline uses high-strength synthetic fiber ropes or steel wire ropes. When operating in deep sea, the towline will be very long and needs to be able to withstand greater tension.

[0032] Fishing boats and supporting winches and other equipment: Fishing boats provide towing power for trawling systems, installation platforms for winches and other equipment, crew living / working platforms, and catch processing / storage platforms. Supporting winches and other equipment are mainly used for retracting, releasing and towing nets.

[0033] Fishing operation process: preparation before setting the net

[0034] Fishing ground positioning: The crew must first determine the appropriate fishing ground location through various means, such as using navigation, fishing experience, nautical charts, satellite navigation systems, and fish finding equipment such as horizontal fish finders and multi-beam sonar to detect and determine the location, size and depth of fish schools and choose the best location to place the net.

[0035] Net inspection: Check whether the trawl net is damaged, whether the floats and sinkers at the net mouth are firmly installed, whether the traction line is intact, and whether the winch and other equipment on the ship are operating normally. Only after ensuring that all equipment is in good condition can the net setting operation begin.

[0036] Netting operation: After the fishing boat sails to the selected fishing ground, it starts to set the net. First, put the net bag part into the water, and then gradually release the net body. At the same time, pay attention to controlling the speed of setting the net to avoid entanglement or damage to the net. Before the net mouth is launched into the water, the number / weight and installation position of the floats and sinkers should be determined and installed according to the sea conditions and the depth of the target fish school. After the net mouth is launched into the water, the net plate is connected to the trawling line. If it is a two-boat trawling, the two fishing boats need to cooperate tacitly and release the parts of the net connected to them at the same time, and maintain a certain distance and synchronized speed.

[0037] Towing process: After the net is released, the fishing boat starts to tow the trawl net at an appropriate speed. The choice of towing speed is very critical, which depends on factors such as the swimming speed of the target fish school, the size and shape of the net, and the sea conditions. For example, when fishing for bottom fish, the speed is usually slow, generally around 1-3 knots (1 knot = 1.852 km / h), to ensure that the net can be close to the seabed and effectively scoop the fish into the net; when fishing for middle and upper layer fish, the speed can be appropriately accelerated, about 2-4 knots. When the number / weight and installation position of the floats and sinkers installed at the net and the net mouth remain unchanged, the adjustment of the trawl speed can adjust the trawl depth within a certain range. During the towing process, the crew closely observes the course, speed and state of the trawl net of the fishing boat, and keeps the trawl net in good condition by adjusting the length and angle of the towing line.

[0038] Harvesting: After trawling for a while, the crew will start to haul up the net when they judge that the catch in the net is sufficient or the scheduled fishing time has been reached. When hauling up the net, the winch on the boat will slowly retract the trawling line and pull the trawl towards the fishing boat. After the trawl is completely pulled onto the deck, the catch is poured out of the net bag, sorted, cleaned and preserved, and then prepared for the next trawling operation.

[0039] The advantages of traditional trawling are that the technology is relatively mature. After long-term practice, the crew is familiar with the operation technology of traditional trawling. The manufacturing and maintenance technology of fishing gear is also relatively complete. The procurement cost of the net is relatively low, and it is easy to promote and apply in fishery production, and obtain acceptable fishing production efficiency. The disadvantages are that every 1.5-2 hours of trawling operation cycle must be operated to pull the net and take out the catch before releasing the net, which is cumbersome and labor-intensive; the catch exists in the net bag for a long time and is heavy. During the process of pulling the net, the catch will be squeezed and damaged to a certain extent, affecting the freshness and quality of the catch; the catch is taken out to the ship once in each trawling operation cycle, which is unstable and has pulses in the classification, cleaning, processing / preservation, and refrigerated storage of the catch, which is not conducive to maintaining the stability and continuity of the catch handling / processing system on board.

[0040] (2) Continuous pump-suction trawling:

[0041] Continuous pump-suction trawling is an advanced fishing technology that combines trawling and pump-suction equipment. This technology mainly uses a hose installed on the net to establish a closed channel from the end of the net bag to the ship. The pump device generates a strong suction force to transport fish, shrimp and other catches from the net bag at the end of the net to the catch collection tank on the ship. The pump is usually a centrifugal pump. Its prime mover, impeller and pump casing are specially designed with a large flow channel size and a low speed to minimize the damage rate of the catch when passing through. The pump can also use a single-tank or multi-tank vacuum pump. A single-tank vacuum pump can meet the basic suction and discharge functions, and a multi-tank vacuum pump can smooth the pulse of the suction and discharge flow, making its output more stable, which is conducive to downstream processing operations. The pump is not shown in the schematic diagram. When a centrifugal pump is used, the pump can be arranged outside or below the waterline inside the ship; when a vacuum pump is used, it is usually arranged below the waterline inside the ship due to its large size.

[0042] Net system: Similar to the traditional trawling system, the continuous pump suction trawling system also includes nets, towing lines, fishing boats and supporting winches and other equipment.

[0043] The net is also composed of a net mouth, a net body and a net bag. The difference is that the continuous pump-suction trawl fishing system has a suction mouth and a pipe installed at the end of the net bag, and the fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump extracts the catch through the suction mouth and the pipe.

[0044] The working principle of the net part of the continuous pump-suction trawl fishing system is similar to that of the traditional trawl. Its operating procedures including preparation before setting the net, net setting operation and towing process are almost the same as those of the traditional trawl. The main difference is the setting of a pump-suction subsystem.

[0045] Pumping system: It consists of a fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump, a suction pipe, a discharge pipe, etc. The fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump is the core component, usually a centrifugal water pump that can generate enough negative pressure to suck the catch; the fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump can also use a single-tank or multi-tank vacuum pump. The suction port is generally located at the end of the net bag. When the fishing boat drags the trawl forward, the relative action of the water flow in the trawl and the trawl will cause the catch to gather at the end of the net bag, and then the fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump will extract it through the suction pipe and the suction port, and then transport it to the ship through the discharge pipe. The design of the fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump and the delivery pipeline should consider avoiding blockage and being able to effectively absorb the catch. The delivery pipeline needs to have good sealing and corrosion resistance to ensure that the catch can be smoothly transported from the net to the collection tank / buffer tank on the ship. Due to the setting of the pump-suction subsystem, compared with the traditional trawling system, the continuous pump-suction trawling system does not need to frequently lift the net to take out the catch from the net bag. Instead, the catch gathered in the net bag is extracted and transported to the ship through the continuous operation of the pump-suction system.

[0046] Power system and control system: The propulsion and control system of the fishing boat and the power and control system of the winch equipment of the continuous pump-suction trawling system are similar to those of the traditional trawling system, except that a shrimp suction pump / fish suction pump power and control system are added. The power and control system of the shrimp suction pump / fish suction pump mainly includes hydraulic power and control system and electric power and control system. The power system of the shrimp suction pump / fish suction pump provides power for the shrimp suction pump / fish suction pump, and the control system is used to adjust the speed of the centrifugal pump or the suction and discharge frequency of the vacuum pump and other parameters, thereby adjusting the pump's displacement, head, energy consumption and other working indicators.

[0047] Compared with the traditional trawling system, the advantages of the continuous pump-suction trawling system are that the technology is more advanced and the net does not need to be frequently raised, which greatly reduces the workload of the crew's deck operations and reduces the labor intensity and risk factor; after the catch is gathered in the net bag, it will be promptly pumped out by the fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump and transported to the collection tank / buffer tank on the ship. The catch will neither be crowded and rubbed while waiting for the net to be raised in the net bag, nor will it be squeezed and damaged when the net is raised, thereby improving the freshness and quality of the catch; after the catch is gathered in the net bag, it will be continuously pumped out by the fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump and transported to the ship. For the ship's fish handling / processing system, the input logistics is stable, which is conducive to maintaining the stability and continuity of the ship's fish handling / processing system.

[0048] Under existing technical conditions, the pipelines of continuous pump suction trawl fishing systems often use rubber hoses, whose average density can reach 1500-2000kg / m 3, far exceeding seawater. After the rubber hose is installed on the net, the buoyancy obtained due to its displacement is much smaller than the gravity. The residual gravity of the rubber hose will seriously affect the shape of the net in the water, greatly reducing the fishing efficiency of the entire system. Generally, the crew will use the method of installing a float on the rubber hose to reduce the gravity of the rubber hose in the water, but this approach has some disadvantages:

[0049] (1) Tying a certain number of floats cannot achieve a complete balance between the buoyancy of the floats and the gravity of the rubber hose. The buoyancy of each float is a fixed value, and the increase or decrease of the float cannot achieve infinite adjustment of the buoyancy. Therefore, after tying the float on the rubber hose, it is impossible to achieve a balance between the buoyancy of the float and the gravity of the rubber hose, and thus it is impossible to eliminate the influence of the rubber hose-float combination on the posture of the net. It is often found that in order to completely balance the gravity of the rubber tube and the buoyancy of the float, the number of floats that need to be tied is not an integer. If one less float is tied, it is not enough to completely offset the gravity of the rubber hose in the water. The rubber hose still has residual gravity to destroy the shape of the net, and the rubber hose will still reduce the fishing efficiency due to its own weight pressing on the net body and destroying the shape of the net; if one more float is tied, it will cause the buoyancy to be greater than the gravity, which will also destroy the shape of the net.

[0050] (2) The floats must be distributed as evenly as possible over the entire length of the rubber hose, or the distribution density of the floats must be adjusted according to the linear density of different sections of the rubber hose, which is often difficult to achieve in actual operation.

[0051] (3) The buoy is fixed on the rubber hose by rope tying, which poses a certain risk of falling off. Once it falls off, it will become plastic waste left in the fishing area, causing environmental pollution.

[0052] (4) Plastic buoys will age during use and are prone to breakage when subjected to deep sea water pressure or accidental impact. The resulting plastic flakes may enter the fishing net and be sucked onto the ship by the pumping system, entering the fish handling / processing system, causing pollution and damage to the production line.

[0053] (5) The workload of installing and removing buoys when setting and collecting nets has been greatly increased, and the trawl resistance and propulsion energy consumption of fishing vessels have been increased.

[0054] In order to adjust the trawling depth, the rubber hose of the continuous pump suction trawling system is generally much longer than the necessary hose length, and the rubber hose outside the range of the net is usually not equipped with a float. This part of the hose will droop and drift backward from the front of the net mouth under the action of gravity just after leaving the net mouth. The drooping rubber hose floating in front of the net mouth will interfere with the target organisms entering the net. The rubber hose drifting backward will drive the edge of the net mouth, causing the net mouth to deform and tilt, thereby reducing the swept sea area and reducing the fishing efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0055] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fishing system with a daily output of 600 tons, which can effectively prevent the hose from sagging in front of the net mouth and interfering with the entry of target organisms into the net, effectively prevent the hose from sagging in front of the net mouth and drifting backwards, and avoid reducing the sea sweeping area of ​​the net mouth, thereby effectively ensuring and improving the fishing efficiency of the continuous pump suction fishing system.

[0056] The above-mentioned object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0057] A fishing system with a daily output of 600 tons, comprising a zero-buoyancy hollow hose, a net module, a pump suction module, a power module and a control module, wherein the zero-buoyancy hollow hose is installed on the net module, and the net module comprises a net mouth, a net body and a net bag;

[0058] The control module is respectively connected to the power module and the pump module, the power module is connected to the pump module, the power module is used to provide power to the pump module, and the control module is used to adjust various parameters of the pump module;

[0059] One end of the zero-buoyancy hollow hose is connected to the pumping module on the ship, and the other end passes through the net body and extends to the net bag at the end of the net body, thereby establishing a closed passage connecting the end of the net bag to the ship. The suction force generated by the pumping module is used to transport the fish and shrimp catches from the net bag at the end of the net body to the catch collection cabin on the ship.

[0060] The tube wall of the zero-buoyancy hollow hose comprises a hose inner wall substrate layer, a first tensile and compressive resistant layer, a reinforcement layer, a second tensile and compressive resistant layer and a hose outer wall substrate layer which are sequentially arranged from the inside to the outside.

[0061] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the first tensile and compressive resistant layer and the second tensile and compressive resistant layer are both composed of a base material layer and a polyester fiber reinforcement layer arranged inside the base material layer.

[0062] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the reinforcement layer is composed of a base material layer and a spiral steel wire arranged inside the base material layer.

[0063] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the hose inner wall substrate layer, the hose outer wall substrate layer and the substrate layer are all made of rubber or synthetic resin.

[0064] As a further technical solution of the present invention: hollow glass microspheres are evenly distributed inside the hose inner wall substrate layer, the first tensile and compressive resistant layer, the reinforcing layer, the second tensile and compressive resistant layer and the hose outer wall substrate layer.

[0065] As a further technical solution of the present invention: the compressive strength of the hollow glass microspheres is 110 MPa, and the actual density is 0.46 g / cm 3 , average diameter 20μm, softening temperature 600℃.

[0066] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0067] 1. The present invention discloses a fishing system with a daily output of 600 tons, which is a continuous pump-suction trawl fishing system. Compared with the traditional trawl fishing system, the continuous pump-suction trawl fishing system has the advantages of more advanced technology, no need to frequently raise the net, greatly reducing the workload of crew members on deck operations, reducing labor intensity and risk factors; after the catch is gathered in the net bag, it will be promptly extracted by the fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump and transported to the collection cabin / buffer cabin on the ship, and the catch will neither be crowded and rubbed while waiting for the net to be raised in the net bag, nor will it be squeezed and damaged when the net is raised, thereby improving the freshness and quality of the catch; after the catch is gathered in the net bag, it will be continuously extracted by the fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump and transported to the ship, which has a stable input logistics for the catch processing / processing system on the ship, and is conducive to maintaining the stability and continuity of the operation of the catch processing / processing system on the ship.

[0068] 2. Under existing technical conditions, the pipelines of continuous pump suction trawl fishing systems often use hoses, and their average density can reach 1500-2000kg / m 3 , far exceeding seawater. After the hose is installed on the net, its residual gravity will seriously affect the shape of the net in the water, greatly reducing the fishing efficiency of the entire system. Generally, the crew will use the method of installing a float on the hose to reduce the weight of the hose in the water, but this approach will still result in the buoyancy and gravity not being completely balanced, and the float is at risk of falling off and breaking, which increases the workload of disassembling and installing the float and the resistance of the trawl, and the pipe section between the net mouth and the fishing boat (generally without a float tied) has defects such as sagging and drifting backwards, which reduces the fishing efficiency.

[0069] Compared with the prior art, the invention is innovative in that a zero-buoyancy hollow hose is used as the hose between the net bag and the catch collection compartment / buffer compartment of the ship. The zero-buoyancy hollow hose can maintain a balanced state of gravity and buoyancy in water, or be subject to a slight positive buoyancy (in actual use, it is very difficult to make the average density of the hose strictly equal to the density of water, because the density of water varies with its temperature and salinity). When installed on the net, it will not generate gravity or buoyancy to affect the posture of the net, and does not require the use of a float or a counterweight.

[0070] 3. During the continuous pump-suction trawling operation, the gravity of the zero-buoyancy hollow hose in the water is completely balanced by its own buoyancy. The posture of the zero-buoyancy hollow hose is determined by its mooring points on the net and the ship and the fluid drag force. Under the influence of these factors, one end of the hose is fastened to the net, the other end is fastened to the stern of the ship, and the middle part floats behind the net. The zero-buoyancy hollow hose between the net mouth and the ship will not sag or drift in front of the net mouth, will not sway or disturb the target organisms from entering the net, will not pull or affect the shape of the net mouth, and will not reduce the net mouth sweeping area, so it can avoid the negative impact on fishing efficiency.

[0071] 4. The advantages of the present invention are ultimately reflected in that it can effectively prevent the hose from sagging in front of the net mouth and interfering with the entry of the target organisms into the net, effectively prevent the hose from sagging in front of the net mouth and drifting backward, and avoid reducing the sea sweeping area of ​​the net mouth, thereby effectively ensuring and improving the fishing efficiency of the continuous pump suction fishing system.

[0072] 5. Zero buoyancy is achieved through the material of the hose itself, avoiding the disadvantages of discrete and discontinuous adjustment of buoyancy and inaccurate and uneven application of total buoyancy caused by balancing the gravity of conventional hoses by bundling buoys; avoiding the risk of environmental pollution caused by the use of buoys and the risk of pollution / damage to the production line of the catch handling / processing system; avoiding the disadvantages of increased trawl resistance and fishing vessel propulsion energy consumption caused by the use of buoys; avoiding the disadvantage of increased workload for crew members to disassemble and install buoys caused by the use of buoys.

[0073] The use of a zero-buoyancy hollow hose avoids the problems of ordinary hoses such as pressing the net body, sagging in front of the net mouth to interfere with shrimp entering the net, sagging in front of the net mouth and drifting backward, causing the net mouth to be pulled and deformed, reducing the sea sweeping area, etc. According to actual measurements, the daily catch has reached 600t / d·boat (when the target organism is Antarctic krill), and the fishing efficiency has increased by 47%. The use of a zero-buoyancy hollow hose avoids the use of a float and eliminates the operation of disassembling and installing a float required by ordinary hoses. According to actual measurements, the operation time of setting and collecting the net has been reduced by 40%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0074] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram comparing the states of a conventional hose and a zero-buoyancy hollow hose of the continuous pump suction fishing system of the present invention during operation.

[0075] Figure 2 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the tube wall of the zero-buoyancy hollow hose of the present invention.

[0076] Reference numerals: 1. hose inner wall substrate layer; 2. first tensile and compressive resistant layer; 3. reinforcing layer; 4. second tensile and compressive resistant layer; 5. hose outer wall substrate layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application; obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments in the present application without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0078] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top / bottom" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0079] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "set / connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0080] The present invention relates to the technical field of fishery, and in particular to a continuous pump suction trawling fishing system with a zero-buoyancy hollow hose. The zero buoyancy mentioned here also includes the meaning of zero gravity. Its essence is that the hose is made of specially designed materials, and the average density of the hose is slightly less than or equal to the density of fresh water / sea water. The buoyancy it receives in the water is balanced with the gravity, or a slight positive buoyancy is generated.

[0081] The zero buoyancy or slightly positive buoyancy hose involved in the present invention has an average density slightly less than or equal to that of fresh water / sea water; it has high elasticity and is convenient for deployment, recovery and storage; it has high compressive strength and can follow the fishing depth of the continuous pump-suction fishing system and enter the deep sea (200m deep or more) to work; it has high tensile strength and can withstand all possible load forces during the operation of the continuous pump-suction fishing system.

[0082] The compressive stress of the zero-buoyancy hollow hose is not less than 40MPa, the tensile stress is not less than 20MPa, and the average density can be as low as 700-1030kg / m 3The advantages of this hose are that it can be used in deep sea (deep than 200m), can withstand greater pressure and tension (can withstand deep sea water pressure (2-40MPa) and load tension under operating conditions (tensile stress not less than 20MPa)), has high elasticity (compensates for movement / displacement under operating conditions and is easy to roll and store), and has positive buoyancy or zero buoyancy characteristics (provides positive buoyancy for the device or protects the device from the adverse effects of the positive buoyancy / gravity generated by it).

[0083] The following describes the structure and design principle of the zero buoyancy or slightly positive buoyancy hose:

[0084] Embodiment 1:

[0085] Reference Figure 1 , a fishing system with a daily output of 600 tons disclosed in the present invention, includes a zero-buoyancy hollow hose, a net module, a pump-suction module, a power module and a control module, the zero-buoyancy hollow hose is installed on the net module, the net module includes a net port, a net body and a net bag; the control module is respectively controlled and connected with the power module and the pump-suction module, the power module is connected with the pump-suction module, the power module is used to provide power to the pump-suction module, and the control module is used to adjust various parameters of the pump-suction module.

[0086] One end of the zero-buoyancy hollow hose is connected to the pumping module on the ship, and the other end passes through the net body and extends to the net bag at the end of the net body, establishing a closed channel from the end of the net bag to the ship. The suction generated by the pumping module transports the fish and shrimp catches from the net bag at the end of the net body to the catch collection cabin on the ship. In this embodiment, a suction port pipe connected to the zero-buoyancy hollow hose is installed at the end of the net bag, and the suction port pipe is used to extract the catches. The pumping module is a centrifugal water pump or a single-tank / multi-tank vacuum pump, and the power module is a hydraulic power system or an electric system.

[0087] Reference Figure 2 The pipe wall of the zero buoyancy hollow hose includes a hose inner wall substrate layer 1, a first tensile and compressive layer 2, a reinforcement layer 3, a second tensile and compressive layer 4, and a hose outer wall substrate layer 5, which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. Among them, the hose inner wall substrate layer 1 enhances the performance of wear resistance and seawater resistance, and the hose outer wall substrate layer 5 enhances the performance of wear resistance, seawater resistance, UV resistance and weather resistance.

[0088] The first tensile and compressive layer 2 and the second tensile and compressive layer 4 are both composed of a substrate layer and a polyester fiber reinforcement layer 3 arranged inside the substrate layer, and the first tensile and compressive layer 2 and the second tensile and compressive layer strengthen the tensile and compressive performance. The reinforcement layer 3 is composed of a substrate layer and a spiral steel wire arranged inside the substrate layer, which strengthens the performance of resisting the pressure inside the pipe, resisting the pressure outside the pipe and the high elasticity.

[0089] The hose inner wall substrate layer 1, the hose outer wall substrate layer 5 and the substrate layer are all made of rubber or SBS synthetic resin. Hollow glass microspheres are evenly distributed inside the hose inner wall substrate layer 1, the first tensile and compressive layer 2, the reinforcement layer 3, the second tensile and compressive layer 4 and the hose outer wall substrate layer 5. The compressive strength of the hollow glass microspheres is 110MPa and the actual density is 0.46g / cm 3 , average diameter 20μm, softening temperature 600℃, making the average density of the entire hose (including joints and connecting bolts) as low as 700-1030kg / m 3 ) is less than water or equal to water so that the hose can obtain a slight positive buoyancy or zero buoyancy effect in water.

[0090] The inherent properties of rubber or SBS synthetic resin or other similar materials used as the base material of the hose determine that the material of the hose has high compressive resistance (not less than 40MPa); the spiral steel wire is tightly combined with the base material, so that the hose has a higher ability to resist internal and external pressures, and the inherent properties of the spiral steel wire and the base material itself make the hose highly elastic; the polyester fibers of the first tensile and compressive layer 2 and the second tensile and compressive layer 4 are tightly combined with the base material, so that the hose has high tensile resistance (not less than 20MPa).

[0091] The rubber or SBS synthetic resin and other similar materials in various places in the hose are tightly combined with the adjacent polyester synthetic fibers, spiral steel wires, hollow glass microspheres, etc., and through the gaps between the polyester synthetic fibers, spiral steel wires, and hollow glass microspheres, they are tightly combined with the adjacent rubber or SBS synthetic resin layers and other similar materials to form a unified and continuous overall structure. The dimensions of each layer in the figure do not represent the actual dimensions, but only indicate the relative position relationship, and can be adjusted in order appropriately. In terms of the mass proportion of the materials, rubber or synthetic resin accounts for the vast majority, and synthetic fibers account for a small part. Rubber or synthetic resin provides compressive strength and shear resistance for the composite material, and synthetic fibers provide tensile strength for the composite material. Hollow glass microspheres (compressive strength 110MPa, actual density 0.46g / cm) are evenly mixed into the main component of the composite material, i.e., the raw material of rubber or synthetic resin, according to a mass ratio of 100:5-100:40. 3 , average diameter 20μm, softening temperature 600℃), its density is low, which can make the average density of the composite material less than the density of water, so as to generate positive buoyancy; it has high compressive strength and high melting point, and the breakage rate generated during the production process is extremely low; its average diameter is small, and after being evenly mixed in the main material, it has little effect on the bonding between the original main material molecules; its composition is glass, with stable chemical properties, and it will not react chemically with other components during the production process.

[0092] The following describes the composition and use of a continuous pump-suction fishing system with a zero-buoyancy hollow hose:

[0093] Continuous pump-suction trawling is an advanced fishing technology that combines trawling and pump-suction equipment. This technology mainly uses a hose installed on the net to establish a closed channel connected from the end of the net bag to the ship. The pump device generates a strong suction force to transport fish, shrimp and other catches from the net bag at the end of the net to the catch collection tank on the ship. The pump is usually a centrifugal pump. Its prime mover, impeller and pump casing are specially designed with a larger flow channel size and a lower speed to minimize the damage rate when the catch passes through. The pump can also use a single-tank or multi-tank vacuum pump. A single-tank vacuum pump can meet the basic suction and discharge functions, and a multi-tank vacuum pump can further smooth the pulse of the suction and discharge flow, making its output more stable, which is conducive to downstream processing operations.

[0094] Net module: Similar to the traditional trawling system, the continuous pump suction trawling system also includes nets, towing lines, fishing boats and supporting winches and other equipment.

[0095] The net module is also composed of a net mouth, a net body and a net bag. The difference is that the net bag of the continuous pump-suction trawl fishing system is equipped with a suction port and a pipe at the end of the net bag, and the fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump extracts the catch through the suction port and the pipe. The working principle of the net part of the continuous pump-suction trawl fishing system is similar to that of the traditional trawl. Its operation process, including preparation before setting the net, setting the net and the towing process, is almost the same as that of the traditional trawl. The main difference is that a pump-suction subsystem is set up.

[0096] Pumping module: It consists of a fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump, a suction pipe, a discharge pipe, etc. The fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump is the core component, usually a centrifugal water pump that can generate enough negative pressure to suck the catch; the fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump can also use a single-tank or multi-tank vacuum pump. The suction port is generally located at the end of the net bag. When the fishing boat drags the trawl forward, the relative action of the water flow in the trawl and the trawl will cause the catch to gather at the end of the net bag, and then the fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump will extract it through the suction pipe and the suction port, and then transport it to the ship through the discharge pipe. The design of the fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump and the delivery pipeline should consider avoiding blockage and being able to effectively absorb the catch. The delivery pipeline needs to have good sealing and corrosion resistance to ensure that the catch can be smoothly transported from the net to the collection tank / buffer tank on the ship. Due to the setting of the pump-suction subsystem, compared with the traditional trawling system, the continuous pump-suction trawling system does not need to frequently lift the net to take out the catch from the net bag. Instead, the catch gathered in the net bag is extracted and transported to the ship through the continuous operation of the pump-suction system.

[0097] Power module and control module: The propulsion and control system of the fishing boat and the power and control system of the winch equipment of the continuous pump-suction trawling system are similar to those of the traditional trawling system, except that a shrimp suction pump / fish suction pump power and control system are added. The power and control system of the shrimp suction pump / fish suction pump mainly includes hydraulic power and control system and electric power and control system. The power system of the shrimp suction pump / fish suction pump provides power for the shrimp suction pump / fish suction pump, and the control system is used to adjust the speed of the centrifugal pump or the suction and discharge frequency of the vacuum pump and other parameters, thereby adjusting the pump's displacement, head, energy consumption and other working indicators.

[0098] The implementation principle of the present invention is as follows: the present invention discloses a fishing system with a daily output of 600 tons, which is a continuous pump-suction trawl fishing system. Compared with the traditional trawl fishing system, the continuous pump-suction trawl fishing system has the advantages of more advanced technology, no need to frequently raise the net, greatly reducing the workload of crew members' deck operations, and reducing labor intensity and risk factors; after the catch is gathered in the net bag, it will be promptly extracted by a fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump and transported to a collection cabin / buffer cabin on the ship, and the catch will neither be crowded and rubbed while waiting for the net to be raised in the net bag, nor will it be squeezed and damaged when the net is raised, thereby improving the freshness and quality of the catch; after the catch is gathered in the net bag, it will be continuously extracted by a fish suction pump / shrimp suction pump and transported to the ship, and the input logistics for the fish catch processing / processing system on the ship is stable, which is conducive to maintaining the stability and continuity of the operation of the fish catch processing / processing system on the ship.

[0099] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fishing system with a daily output of 600 tons, characterized in that: It includes a zero-buoyancy hollow hose, a net module, a pumping module, a power module and a control module, wherein the zero-buoyancy hollow hose is installed on the net module, and the net module includes a net port, a net body and a net bag; The control module is respectively connected to the power module and the pump module, the power module is connected to the pump module, the power module is used to provide power to the pump module, and the control module is used to adjust various parameters of the pump module; One end of the zero-buoyancy hollow hose is connected to the pumping module on the ship, and the other end passes through the net body and extends to the net bag at the end of the net body. The suction force generated by the pumping module transports the fish and shrimp catches from the net bag at the end of the net body to the catch collection cabin on the ship; The tube wall of the zero-buoyancy hollow hose comprises a hose inner wall substrate layer (1), a first tensile and compressive resistant layer (2), a reinforcement layer (3), a second tensile and compressive resistant layer (4) and a hose outer wall substrate layer (5) which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside.

2. A fishing system with a daily output of 600 tons according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first tensile and compressive resistant layer (2) and the second tensile and compressive resistant layer (4) are both composed of a base material layer and a polyester fiber reinforcement layer (3) arranged inside the base material layer.

3. A fishing system with a daily output of 600 tons according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The reinforcement layer (3) consists of a base material layer and spiral steel wires arranged inside the base material layer.

4. A fishing system with a daily output of 600 tons according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The hose inner wall substrate layer (1), the hose outer wall substrate layer (5) and the substrate layer are all made of rubber or synthetic resin.

5. A fishing system with a daily output of 600 tons according to claim 1, characterized in that: Hollow glass microspheres are evenly distributed inside the hose inner wall substrate layer (1), the first tensile and compressive resistant layer (2), the reinforcement layer (3), the second tensile and compressive resistant layer (4) and the hose outer wall substrate layer (5).

6. A fishing system with a daily output of 600 tons according to claim 5, characterized in that: The compressive strength of the hollow glass microspheres is 110 MPa and the actual density is 0.46 g / cm 3 , average diameter 20μm, softening temperature 600℃.

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