A multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships

Abstract

This invention provides a multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships, including a high-temperature coolant circuit, a low-temperature cooling water circuit, a heat pump circuit, and an outboard water circuit. The high-temperature coolant circuit is connected to the low-temperature cooling water circuit and the heat pump circuit via a high-temperature multi-stream cooler, and the low-temperature cooling water circuit is connected to the outboard water circuit via a low-temperature cooler. The high-temperature coolant circuit includes a fuel cell stack and a lithium battery, with its first cooling medium cooling the fuel cell stack and the lithium battery. The low-temperature cooling water circuit's second cooling medium cools the first cooling medium. The outboard water circuit's medium cools the second cooling medium. The heat pump circuit connects to the living quarters. This invention, through the coordination of the high-temperature coolant circuit, the low-temperature cooling water circuit, and the outboard water circuit, and the addition of a heat pump system, effectively dissipates heat from the fuel cell and other equipment such as ship motors, while simultaneously providing cabin cooling or heating functions, storing waste heat, and meeting the heat requirements of the living quarters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering thermophysics, and more particularly to a multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships. Background Technology

[0002] Marine thermal management refers to the technology for effectively managing the generation, transfer, utilization, and control of various forms of heat on a ship. Its aim is to improve energy efficiency, reduce energy consumption, ensure normal equipment operation, and enhance the overall performance and safety of the vessel. Marine thermal management mainly includes cooling system design and waste heat recovery. The cooling system for fuel cell ships mainly includes coolant cooling systems, freshwater cooling systems, and seawater cooling systems. Through heat exchange between coolant, freshwater, and seawater, the heat generated by the ship's fuel cells, lithium batteries, motors, and electronic control systems is ultimately dissipated through seawater. Waste heat recovery systems can recover waste heat generated by batteries and other equipment during ship operation and use it to heat domestic hot water, significantly improving the overall energy utilization efficiency of the ship.

[0003] Marine heat pumps are primarily based on the reverse Carnot cycle principle. They transfer heat energy from a low-temperature heat source to a high-temperature heat source by consuming mechanical work or electrical energy, thereby achieving heating or cooling. Their operation involves releasing heat through the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant in the condenser and absorbing heat through evaporation in the evaporator. Marine heat pumps can provide a comfortable temperature environment for ship cabins, enabling switching between cooling and heating functions to meet temperature requirements in different seasons.

[0004] Current research on fuel cell thermal management, both domestically and internationally, primarily focuses on its application in new energy vehicles. However, compared to new energy vehicles, fuel cell ships require more equipment and generate significantly more heat. Simply applying the thermal management systems used in automobiles cannot meet the cooling needs of fuel cell ships and would also increase costs. Therefore, the cooling efficiency requirements for fuel cell ship thermal management systems are much higher. During operation, the stack of hundreds of individual cells on a fuel cell ship presents significant heat dissipation challenges, and inadequate cooling can severely impair fuel cell performance. Furthermore, the integration of marine propulsion system thermal management methods with heat pump technology is relatively rare. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical challenges in thermal management and heat recovery for marine fuel cells, this invention provides a multi-mode, full-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships. This system primarily combines a high-temperature coolant circuit, a low-temperature cooling water circuit, and an external water circuit, and incorporates a heat pump system to effectively dissipate heat from the fuel cell and other equipment such as ship motors. Simultaneously, it provides cabin cooling or heating functions, stores waste heat, and meets the heat requirements of the living quarters.

[0006] The technical means employed in this invention are as follows:

[0007] A multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships includes: a high-temperature coolant circuit, a low-temperature cooling water circuit, a heat pump circuit, and an outboard water circuit. The high-temperature coolant circuit is connected to the low-temperature cooling water circuit and the heat pump circuit through a high-temperature multi-stream cooler, and the low-temperature cooling water circuit is connected to the outboard water circuit through a low-temperature cooler.

[0008] The high-temperature coolant circuit includes a fuel cell stack and a lithium battery, and the first cooling medium circulating in the high-temperature coolant circuit is used to cool the fuel cell stack and the lithium battery.

[0009] The second cooling medium circulating in the low-temperature cooling water circuit is used to cool the first cooling medium flowing through the high-temperature multi-stream cooler.

[0010] The medium circulating in the outboard water circuit is used to cool the second cooling medium flowing through the cryogenic cooler;

[0011] The heat pump circuit is connected to the living area. The medium in the heat pump circuit is used to absorb heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler to achieve cooling or heating of the cabin and meet the heat demand of the living area.

[0012] Furthermore, the high-temperature coolant circuit includes a fuel cell stack, a lithium battery, a radiator, a three-way valve I, a deionizer, a high-temperature pump I, and a high-temperature multi-stream cooler. The outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler, the outlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler is connected to the inlet of a heat exchanger, the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature pump I, the outlet of the high-temperature pump I is connected to the inlet of the deionizer, the outlet of the deionizer is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve I, the two outlets of the three-way valve I are respectively connected to the inlets of the fuel cell stack and the radiator, the outlet of the radiator is connected to the inlet of the lithium battery, and the outlet of the lithium battery is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler.

[0013] The cryogenic cooling water circuit includes a high-temperature multi-stream cooler, a freshwater tank, a freshwater pump, a three-way valve II, a three-way valve III, a cryogenic cooler, a ship's motor, and a ship's electrical control system. The outlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler is connected to the inlet of the freshwater tank, the outlet of the freshwater tank is connected to the inlet of the freshwater pump, the outlet of the freshwater pump is connected to the inlet of three-way valve II, one outlet of three-way valve II is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic cooler, and the other outlet is connected to the inlet of three-way valve III. The outlet of the cryogenic cooler is connected to the inlet of three-way valve III, and the two outlets of three-way valve III are respectively connected to the inlets of the ship's motor and the ship's electrical control system. The outlets of the ship's motor and the ship's electrical control system are connected to the inlet of a heat exchanger, and the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler.

[0014] The heat pump circuit includes a high-temperature multi-stream cooler, a compressor, an in-cabin condenser, an in-cabin evaporator, a heat exchanger, a heat storage tank, a cryogenic pump, and a high-temperature pump II. The outlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler is connected to the inlet of the compressor. The outlet of the compressor is connected to the inlet of the in-cabin condenser and the inlet of the heat exchanger. The outlet of the in-cabin condenser is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger. The outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the in-cabin evaporator and the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler. The outlet of the in-cabin evaporator is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler. The two ends of the heat storage tank are connected to the two ends of the heat exchanger. The outlet of the cryogenic pump is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank and the inlet of the cryogenic pump is connected to the living area. The inlet of the high-temperature pump II is connected to the outlet of the heat storage tank and the outlet of the high-temperature pump II is connected to the living area.

[0015] The outboard water circuit includes a cryogenic cooler, a seawater filter, and a seawater pump. One end of the seawater filter is connected to seawater, and the other end is connected to one end of the seawater pump. The other end of the seawater pump is connected to one end of the cryogenic cooler, and the other end of the cryogenic cooler is connected to seawater.

[0016] Furthermore, the first cooling medium in the high-temperature coolant circuit is a water-glycol solution with high specific heat capacity, the second cooling medium in the low-temperature cooling water circuit is fresh water, the medium in the heat pump circuit is refrigerant, and the medium in the outboard water circuit is seawater.

[0017] Furthermore, the thermal management system has six operating modes, including mode one for spring and autumn navigation, mode two for summer navigation, mode three for winter navigation, mode four for spring and autumn startup, mode five for summer startup, and mode six for winter startup.

[0018] In the high-temperature coolant circuit, the total heat of the fuel cell stack and lithium battery cooled by the high-temperature coolant is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0019] ;

[0020] in, For the specific heat capacity of fuel cells, For fuel cell quality, The inlet temperature of the fuel cell. The outlet temperature of the fuel cell. For the specific heat capacity of lithium batteries, For lithium battery quality, This refers to the inlet temperature of the lithium battery. This refers to the outlet temperature of the lithium battery.

[0021] Based on a comparison of the heat generation of fuel cell stacks and lithium batteries, the high-temperature coolant flowing through the radiator circuit accounts for 1 / 6 of the entire circuit, and the total heat dissipated by the radiator is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0022] ;

[0023] in, For the quality of high-temperature coolant, Specific heat capacity of high-temperature coolant;

[0024] The temperature of the high-temperature coolant after cooling Satisfy the following formula:

[0025] ;

[0026] The high-temperature multi-stream cooler cools the high-temperature coolant, and the total heat cooled is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0027] ;

[0028] In a heat pump circuit, the refrigerant absorbs heat from a high-temperature multi-stream cooler and turns into a gaseous state. Satisfy the following formula:

[0029] ;

[0030] in, For the specific heat capacity of the refrigerant, For refrigerant quality, This refers to the inlet temperature of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler. This refers to the outlet temperature of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler.

[0031] The total heat of marine motors and marine electrical control systems cooled by low-temperature fresh water in the low-temperature cooling water circuit Satisfy the following formula:

[0032] ;

[0033] in, For the heat capacity of ship motors, For the quality of ship motors, For the inlet temperature of the ship's motor, For the outlet temperature of the ship's motor, For the heat capacity of the ship's electronic control system, For the quality of ship electrical control systems, For the inlet temperature of the ship's electronic control system, The outlet temperature of the ship's electronic control system;

[0034] If the heat in the high-temperature multi-flow cooler is absorbed by fresh water and refrigerant, then the total heat used to cool the fresh water in the low-temperature cooler... Satisfy the following formula:

[0035] ;

[0036] If the heat in the high-temperature multi-flow cooler is only absorbed by the refrigerant, then the total heat of cooling fresh water in the low-temperature cooler... Satisfy the following formula:

[0037] .

[0038] Furthermore, in the first operating mode of the thermal management system, the fuel cell stack and lithium battery require cooling, and the in-cabin condenser, in-cabin evaporator, and heat exchanger are not operational. The high-temperature coolant, driven by high-temperature pump I, enters the deionizer for deionization. A portion flows directly through one outlet of three-way valve I to the fuel cell stack for cooling, while the other portion flows through the other outlet of three-way valve I into the radiator for further cooling. The cooled high-temperature coolant then flows through the lithium battery for cooling, and subsequently, the high-temperature coolant is returned to the low-temperature cooling water via a high-temperature multi-stream cooler. After being cooled, the freshwater flows back to the high-temperature pump I to complete the cycle. The low-temperature freshwater is drawn from the freshwater tank by the freshwater pump, flows through the three-way valve II to the low-temperature cooler, where it is cooled by the seawater in the outboard water circuit. Then, it flows through the three-way valve III to the ship's motor and the ship's electrical control system for cooling. After that, the freshwater flows into the high-temperature multi-stream cooler to cool the high-temperature coolant in the high-temperature coolant circuit, and then flows back to the freshwater tank to complete the cycle. The seawater pump draws seawater from the outboard, filters it in the seawater filter, cools the freshwater in the low-temperature cooler, and then discharges it overboard.

[0039] In the high-temperature coolant loop of Mode 1, the total heat of the fuel cell stack and lithium battery cooled by the high-temperature coolant is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0040] ;

[0041] Based on a comparison of the heat generation of fuel cell stacks and lithium batteries, the high-temperature coolant flowing through the radiator circuit accounts for 1 / 6 of the entire circuit, and the total heat dissipated by the radiator is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0042] ;

[0043] The temperature of the high-temperature coolant after cooling Satisfy the following formula:

[0044] ;

[0045] The high-temperature multi-stream cooler cools the high-temperature coolant, and the total heat cooled is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0046] ;

[0047] In the cryogenic cooling water circuit, the total heat of the ship's motors and electronic control systems cooled by cryogenic fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0048] ;

[0049] The cryogenic cooler cools cryogenic fresh water, and the total heat of cooling is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0050] .

[0051] Furthermore, in the second operating mode of the thermal management system, the fuel cell stack and lithium battery require cooling. The in-cabin condenser is not working, while the in-cabin evaporator and heat exchanger are operating. The high-temperature coolant is driven by high-temperature pump I into the deionizer for deionization. Part of it flows directly through one outlet of three-way valve I to the fuel cell stack for cooling, while the other part flows through the other outlet of three-way valve I into the radiator for cooling. The cooled high-temperature coolant then flows through the lithium battery for cooling. Subsequently, the high-temperature coolant is cooled by fresh water in the low-temperature cooling water circuit through the high-temperature multi-stream cooler and flows back to high-temperature pump I to complete the cycle. The low-temperature fresh water is drawn from the fresh water tank by the fresh water pump, flows through three-way valve II to the low-temperature cooler, and is cooled by seawater in the outboard water circuit. Then, it flows through three-way valve III to the ship's motor and ship... The ship's electrical control system is cooled, and then fresh water flows into the high-temperature multi-stream cooler to cool the high-temperature coolant in the high-temperature coolant circuit. After cooling, it flows back to the freshwater tank to complete the circulation. The seawater pump draws seawater from outside the ship, filters it in the seawater filter, and then cools the freshwater in the low-temperature cooler before being discharged outside the ship. In the heat pump circuit, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler and becomes gaseous. It is then compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the compressor, flows through the heat exchanger to dissipate heat, and then depressurizes and absorbs heat in the evaporator inside the cabin to cool the cabin. It then returns to the high-temperature multi-stream cooler to complete the circulation. The heat dissipated by the refrigerant in the heat exchanger is absorbed by the heat storage tank and transported to the living area by the high-temperature pump II to meet the heat demand. At the same time, the low-temperature pump transports an equal amount of cold water to the heat storage tank to ensure its normal operation.

[0052] In the high-temperature coolant loop of Mode 2, the total heat of the fuel cell stack and lithium battery cooled by the high-temperature coolant is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0053] ;

[0054] Based on a comparison of the heat generation of fuel cell stacks and lithium batteries, the high-temperature coolant flowing through the radiator circuit accounts for 1 / 6 of the entire circuit, and the total heat dissipated by the radiator is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0055] ;

[0056] The temperature of the high-temperature coolant after cooling Satisfy the following formula:

[0057] ;

[0058] The high-temperature multi-stream cooler cools the high-temperature coolant, and the total heat cooled is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0059] ;

[0060] In a heat pump circuit, the refrigerant absorbs heat from a high-temperature multi-stream cooler and turns into a gaseous state. Satisfy the following formula:

[0061] ;

[0062] In the heat exchanger, the refrigerant loses some heat. Satisfy the following formula:

[0063] ;

[0064] in, This refers to the heat exchanger outlet temperature.

[0065] In the evaporator inside the cabin, the refrigerant absorbs heat and cools down by reducing its pressure. Satisfy the following formula:

[0066] ;

[0067] In a heat pump circuit, the energy conservation of the refrigerant satisfies the following formula:

[0068] ;

[0069] in, This refers to the heat absorbed by the refrigerant in the compressor.

[0070] In the cryogenic cooling water circuit, the total heat of the ship's motors and electronic control systems cooled by cryogenic fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0071] ;

[0072] In the high-temperature multi-flow cooler, heat is absorbed by fresh water and refrigerant; therefore, the total heat used to cool the fresh water in the low-temperature cooler is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0073] .

[0074] Furthermore, in the third operating mode of the thermal management system, the fuel cell stack and lithium battery require cooling. The in-cabin condenser and heat exchanger operate, while the in-cabin evaporator and cryogenic cooler do not. The high-temperature coolant, driven by high-temperature pump I, enters the deionizer for deionization. A portion flows directly through one outlet of three-way valve I to the fuel cell stack for cooling, while the other portion flows through the other outlet of three-way valve I into the radiator for further cooling. The cooled high-temperature coolant then flows through the lithium battery for cooling. Subsequently, the high-temperature coolant is cooled by the refrigerant in the heat pump circuit through the high-temperature multi-stream cooler and flows back to high-temperature pump I to complete the cycle. The cryogenic freshwater is pumped from... Freshwater is drawn from the tank and flows directly into the ship's motors and electrical control system through three-way valve II for cooling. The cooled freshwater flows into the heat exchanger and is cooled by the cold water in the heat storage tank. It then flows back to the freshwater tank to complete the cycle. In the heat pump circuit, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler and becomes gaseous. It is then compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the compressor and flows into the cabin condenser for condensation and heat dissipation. It then flows back to the high-temperature multi-stream cooler to complete the cycle. The heat lost by the freshwater in the heat exchanger is absorbed by the heat storage tank and transported to the living area by high-temperature pump II to meet the heat demand. At the same time, the low-temperature pump transports an equal amount of cold water to the heat storage tank to ensure its normal operation.

[0075] In the high-temperature coolant loop of Mode 3, the total heat of the fuel cell stack and lithium battery cooled by the high-temperature coolant is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0076] ;

[0077] Based on a comparison of the heat generation of fuel cell stacks and lithium batteries, the high-temperature coolant flowing through the radiator circuit accounts for 1 / 6 of the entire circuit, and the total heat dissipated by the radiator is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0078] ;

[0079] The temperature of the high-temperature coolant after cooling Satisfy the following formula:

[0080] ;

[0081] The high-temperature multi-stream cooler cools the high-temperature coolant, and the total heat cooled is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0082] ;

[0083] In a heat pump circuit, the refrigerant absorbs heat from a high-temperature multi-stream cooler and turns into a gaseous state. Satisfy the following formula:

[0084] ;

[0085] The energy conservation equation for a heat pump circuit is as follows:

[0086] ;

[0087] in, This refers to the heat lost by the refrigerant in the condenser inside the cabin;

[0088] In the cryogenic cooling water circuit, the total heat of the ship's motors and electronic control systems cooled by cryogenic fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0089] ;

[0090] The heat exchanger absorbs heat from the low-temperature fresh water. Satisfy the following formula:

[0091] .

[0092] Furthermore, in the fourth operating mode of the thermal management system, the fuel cell stack and lithium battery require heating, the heat exchanger is working, and the radiator, high-temperature multi-stream cooler, in-cabin condenser, in-cabin evaporator, and low-temperature cooler are not working. At this time, the high-temperature coolant is hotter than the fuel cell stack and lithium battery. The high-temperature coolant is driven by high-temperature pump I into the deionizer for deionization. Part of it flows directly through one outlet of three-way valve I to the fuel cell stack for heating, and the other part flows through the other outlet of three-way valve I to the lithium battery for heating. Then it flows directly back to high-temperature pump I to complete the cycle. Low-temperature freshwater is drawn from the freshwater tank by the freshwater pump and flows through three-way valve II directly into the ship's motor and ship's electronic control system for cooling. The cooled freshwater flows into the heat exchanger and is cooled by the cold water in the heat storage tank. It flows back to the freshwater tank to complete the cycle. The heat lost by the freshwater in the heat exchanger is absorbed by the heat storage tank and transported to the living area by high-temperature pump II to meet the heat demand. At the same time, the low-temperature pump transports an equal amount of cold water to the heat storage tank to ensure its normal operation.

[0093] In the high-temperature coolant loop of Mode 4, the total heat generated by the high-temperature coolant heating the fuel cell stack and lithium battery is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0094] ;

[0095] In the cryogenic cooling water circuit, the total heat of the ship's motors and electronic control systems cooled by cryogenic fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0096] ;

[0097] The heat exchanger absorbs heat from the low-temperature fresh water. Satisfy the following formula:

[0098] .

[0099] Furthermore, in the fifth operating mode of the thermal management system, the fuel cell stack and lithium battery require heating, while the radiator and cryogenic cooler are not operating. At this time, the high-temperature coolant is hotter than the fuel cell stack and lithium battery. Driven by high-temperature pump I, the high-temperature coolant enters the deionizer for deionization. A portion flows directly through one outlet of three-way valve I to the fuel cell stack for heating, while the other portion flows through the other outlet of three-way valve I to the lithium battery for heating. Subsequently, the high-temperature coolant flows into the heat exchanger to absorb heat lost from the refrigerant for heating, and then flows back... High-temperature pump I completes the cycle. Low-temperature freshwater is drawn from the freshwater tank by the freshwater pump and flows directly into the ship's motor and electronic control system through three-way valve II for cooling. Then, it is cooled by the refrigerant in the high-temperature multi-stream cooler and flows back to the freshwater tank to complete the cycle. The refrigerant in the heat pump circuit absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler and becomes gaseous. It is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the compressor and loses heat by flowing through the heat exchanger. Then, it is depressurized and absorbs heat in the cabin evaporator to cool the cabin and then returns to the high-temperature multi-stream cooler to complete the cycle.

[0100] In the high-temperature coolant loop of Mode 5, the total heat generated by the high-temperature coolant heating the fuel cell stack and lithium battery is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0101] ;

[0102] The energy conservation principle in the high-temperature coolant circuit is as follows:

[0103] ;

[0104] in, This refers to the heat gained by the high-temperature coolant in the heat exchanger.

[0105] In a heat pump circuit, the refrigerant absorbs heat from a high-temperature multi-stream cooler and turns into a gaseous state. Satisfy the following formula:

[0106] ;

[0107] In the heat exchanger, the refrigerant loses some heat. Satisfy the following formula:

[0108] ;

[0109] In the evaporator inside the cabin, the refrigerant absorbs heat and cools down by reducing its pressure. Satisfy the following formula:

[0110] ;

[0111] In a heat pump circuit, the energy conservation of the refrigerant satisfies the following formula:

[0112] ;

[0113] In the cryogenic cooling water circuit, the total heat of the ship's motors and electronic control systems cooled by cryogenic fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0114] ;

[0115] In a low-temperature cooling water circuit, the energy conservation of fresh water satisfies the following formula:

[0116] .

[0117] Furthermore, in the sixth operating mode of the thermal management system, the fuel cell stack and lithium battery require heating, the cabin condenser is working, and the radiator, cabin evaporator, heat exchanger, and cryogenic cooler are not working. At this time, the high-temperature coolant is hotter than the fuel cell stack and lithium battery. The high-temperature coolant is driven by the high-temperature pump I into the deionizer for deionization. Part of it flows directly through one outlet of the three-way valve I to the fuel cell stack for heating, and the other part flows through the other outlet of the three-way valve I to the lithium battery for heating. Then it flows directly back to the high-temperature pump I to complete the cycle. The cryogenic freshwater is drawn from the freshwater tank by the freshwater pump and flows through the three-way valve II directly into the ship's motor and ship's electronic control system for cooling. Then it is cooled by the refrigerant in the high-temperature multi-stream cooler and flows back to the freshwater tank to complete the cycle. The refrigerant in the heat pump circuit absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler and becomes gaseous. It is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the compressor and then flows into the cabin condenser for condensation and heat dissipation. Then it flows back to the high-temperature multi-stream cooler to complete the cycle.

[0118] In the high-temperature coolant loop of Mode 6, the total heat generated by the high-temperature coolant heating the fuel cell stack and lithium battery is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0119] ;

[0120] In a heat pump circuit, the refrigerant absorbs heat from a high-temperature multi-stream cooler and turns into a gaseous state. Satisfy the following formula:

[0121] ;

[0122] The energy conservation equation for a heat pump circuit is as follows:

[0123] ;

[0124] In the cryogenic cooling water circuit, the total heat of the ship's motors and electronic control systems cooled by cryogenic fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0125] ;

[0126] In a low-temperature cooling water circuit, the energy conservation of fresh water satisfies the following formula:

[0127] .

[0128] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0129] 1. The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships provided by this invention provides sufficient heat dissipation for the fuel cell stack itself and other ship motors and lithium batteries, and keeps the fuel cell operating within the optimal temperature range.

[0130] 2. The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships provided by the present invention achieves cooling and heating of the cabin under different external temperatures through a heat pump system.

[0131] 3. The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships provided by the present invention fully recovers and stores waste heat using a waste heat recovery device to meet the heat demand of the living area, making full use of waste heat for efficient energy storage and significantly improving heat utilization rate.

[0132] Based on the above reasons, this invention can be widely applied in fields such as engineering thermophysics. Attached Figure Description

[0133] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0134] Figure 1 This is the overall diagram of the multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships of the present invention.

[0135] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spring and autumn navigation modes of the system of the present invention.

[0136] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the summer navigation mode of the system of the present invention.

[0137] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the winter and autumn navigation mode of the system of the present invention.

[0138] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spring and autumn start-up modes of the system of the present invention.

[0139] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the summer startup mode of the system of the present invention.

[0140] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the winter startup mode of the system of the present invention.

[0141] In the diagram: 1. High-temperature coolant circuit; 101. Fuel cell stack; 102. Lithium battery; 103. Radiator; 104. Three-way valve I; 105. Deionizer; 106. High-temperature pump I; 107. High-temperature multi-stream cooler; 2. Low-temperature cooling water circuit; 201. Freshwater tank; 202. Freshwater pump; 203. Three-way valve II; 204. Three-way valve III; 205. Low-temperature cooler; 206. Marine motor; 207. Marine electrical control system; 3. Heat pump circuit; 301. Compressor; 302. In-cabin condenser; 303. In-cabin evaporator; 304. Heat exchanger; 305. Thermal storage tank; 306. Low-temperature pump; 307. High-temperature pump II; 4. Outboard water circuit; 401. Seawater filter; 402. Seawater pump. Detailed Implementation

[0142] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0143] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0144] This invention provides a multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships, comprising four loops: a high-temperature coolant loop 1, a low-temperature cooling water loop 2, a heat pump loop 3, and an outboard water loop 4. The high-temperature coolant loop 1 is connected to the low-temperature cooling water loop 2 and the heat pump loop 3 via a high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107. The low-temperature cooling water loop 2 is connected to the outboard water loop 4 via a low-temperature cooler 205.

[0145] The high-temperature coolant circuit 1 includes a fuel cell stack 101, a lithium battery 102, a radiator 103, a three-way valve I 104, a deionizer 105, a high-temperature pump I 106, and a high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107. The outlet of the fuel cell stack 101 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107. The outlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 304. The outlet of the heat exchanger 304 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature pump I 106. The outlet of the high-temperature pump I 106 is connected to the inlet of the deionizer 105. The outlet of the deionizer 105 is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve I 104. The two outlets of the three-way valve I 104 are respectively connected to the inlets of the fuel cell stack 101 and the radiator 103. The outlet of the radiator 103 is connected to the inlet of the lithium battery 102. The outlet of the lithium battery 102 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107.

[0146] The cryogenic cooling water circuit 2 includes a high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107, a freshwater tank 201, a freshwater pump 202, a three-way valve II 203, a three-way valve III 204, a cryogenic cooler 205, a marine motor 206, and a marine electrical control system 207. The outlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 is connected to the inlet of the freshwater tank 201. The outlet of the freshwater tank 201 is connected to the inlet of the freshwater pump 202. The outlet of the freshwater pump 202 is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve II 203. The two outlets of the three-way valve II 203 are respectively connected to the two ends of the cryogenic cooler 205, with one outlet of the three-way valve II 203 connected to the inlet of the cryogenic cooler 205 and the other outlet connected to the inlet of the three-way valve III 204. Simultaneously, the outlet of the cryogenic cooler 205 is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve III 204. The two outlets of the three-way valve III 204 are respectively connected to the two inlets of the marine motor 206 and the marine electrical control system 207. The outlets of the marine motor 206 and the marine electrical control system 207 are connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 304, and the outlet of the heat exchanger 304 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107.

[0147] The heat pump circuit 3 includes a high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107, a compressor 301, an in-cabin condenser 302, an in-cabin evaporator 303, a heat exchanger 304, a heat storage tank 305, a low-temperature pump 306, and a high-temperature pump II 307. The outlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 301. The outlet of the compressor 301 is connected to the inlet of the in-cabin condenser 302 and the inlet of the heat exchanger 304. The outlet of the in-cabin condenser 302 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 304. The outlet of the heat exchanger 304 is connected to the inlet of the in-cabin evaporator 303 and the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107. The outlet of the in-cabin evaporator 303 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107. Both ends of the heat storage tank 305 are connected to both ends of the heat exchanger 304. The outlet of the cryogenic pump 306 is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank 305. The inlet of the cryogenic pump 306 is connected to the living area. The inlet of the high-temperature pump II 307 is connected to the outlet of the heat storage tank 305. The outlet of the high-temperature pump II 307 is connected to the living area.

[0148] The outboard water circuit 4 includes a cryogenic cooler 205, a seawater filter 401, and a seawater pump 402. One end of the seawater filter 401 is connected to seawater, and the other end is connected to one end of the seawater pump 402. The other end of the seawater pump 402 is connected to one end of the cryogenic cooler 205, and the other end of the cryogenic cooler 205 is connected to seawater.

[0149] In a preferred embodiment, the cooling medium in the high-temperature coolant circuit 1 is a water-glycol solution with high specific heat capacity. The cooling medium in the low-temperature cooling water circuit 2 is fresh water. The medium in the heat pump circuit 3 is refrigerant, and the medium in the outboard water circuit 4 is seawater.

[0150] In a preferred embodiment, the total heat of the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 cooled by the high-temperature coolant circuit 1 is [amount missing]. Satisfy the following formula:

[0151] ;

[0152] in, For the specific heat capacity of fuel cells, For fuel cell quality, The inlet temperature of the fuel cell. The outlet temperature of the fuel cell. For the specific heat capacity of lithium batteries, For lithium battery quality, This refers to the inlet temperature of the lithium battery. This refers to the outlet temperature of the lithium battery.

[0153] Based on the comparison of heat generation between fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102, the high-temperature coolant flowing through the radiator 103 circuit accounts for 1 / 6 of the total circuit heat dissipation. Satisfy the following formula:

[0154] ;

[0155] in, For the quality of high-temperature coolant, This refers to the specific heat capacity of the high-temperature coolant.

[0156] The temperature of the high-temperature coolant after cooling Satisfy the following formula:

[0157] ;

[0158] The high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 cools the high-temperature coolant, and the total heat cooled is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0159] ;

[0160] In heat pump loop 3, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and turns into a gaseous state. Satisfy the following formula:

[0161] ;

[0162] in, For the specific heat capacity of the refrigerant, For refrigerant quality, This refers to the inlet temperature of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler. This refers to the outlet temperature of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler.

[0163] The total heat of the marine motor 206 and marine electrical control system 207 cooled by low-temperature fresh water in the low-temperature cooling water circuit 2 Satisfy the following formula:

[0164] ;

[0165] in, For the heat capacity of ship motors, For the quality of ship motors, For the inlet temperature of the ship's motor, For the outlet temperature of the ship's motor, For the heat capacity of the ship's electronic control system, For the quality of ship electrical control systems, For the inlet temperature of the ship's electronic control system, This refers to the outlet temperature of the ship's electronic control system.

[0166] If the heat in the high-temperature multi-flow cooler 107 is absorbed by fresh water and refrigerant, then the total heat of cooling the fresh water in the low-temperature cooler 205 will be... Satisfy the following formula:

[0167] ;

[0168] If the heat in the high-temperature multi-flow cooler 107 is only absorbed by the refrigerant, then the total heat of cooling the fresh water in the low-temperature cooler 205 is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0169] .

[0170] As a preferred implementation method, the thermal management process and method for marine fuel cell power systems have six working modes: Mode 1 (spring and autumn sailing), Mode 2 (summer sailing), Mode 3 (winter sailing), Mode 4 (spring and autumn start-up), Mode 5 (summer start-up), and Mode 6 (winter start-up).

[0171] Example 1

[0172] In this embodiment, a multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for a hydrogen-powered ship operates in mode one (spring and autumn navigation). During this mode, the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 require cooling, and the in-cabin condenser 302, in-cabin evaporator 303, and heat exchanger 304 are not operational. High-temperature coolant, driven by high-temperature pump I 106, enters deionizer 105 for deionization. A portion flows directly through one outlet of three-way valve I 104 to the fuel cell stack 101 for cooling, while the other portion flows through the other outlet of three-way valve I 104 into radiator 103 for further cooling. The cooled high-temperature coolant then flows through lithium battery 102 for cooling. Subsequently, the high-temperature coolant is cooled by freshwater in low-temperature cooling water circuit 2 via high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and flows back to high-temperature pump I 106 to complete the cycle. The low-temperature freshwater is pumped by freshwater pump 202 from the freshwater... The water is drawn from tank 201, flows through three-way valve II 203 to cryogenic cooler 205, where it is cooled by seawater from outboard water circuit 4. Then, it flows through three-way valve III 204 to ship motor 206 and ship electrical control system 207 for cooling. Afterward, the fresh water flows into high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 to cool the high-temperature coolant in high-temperature coolant circuit 1, and then flows back to freshwater tank 201 to complete the circulation. Seawater pump 402 draws seawater from outboard, filters it in seawater filter 401, cools the fresh water in cryogenic cooler 205, and then discharges it outboard.

[0173] In the high-temperature coolant loop 1 of Mode 1, the total heat of the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 cooled by the high-temperature coolant is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0174] ;

[0175] Based on the comparison of heat generation between fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102, the high-temperature coolant flowing through the radiator 103 circuit accounts for 1 / 6 of the total circuit heat dissipation. Satisfy the following formula:

[0176] ;

[0177] The temperature of the high-temperature coolant after cooling Satisfy the following formula:

[0178] ;

[0179] The high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 cools the high-temperature coolant, and the total heat cooled is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0180] ;

[0181] In the low-temperature cooling water circuit 2, the total heat of the ship motor 206 and the ship electrical control system 207 cooled by the low-temperature fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0182] ;

[0183] The cryogenic cooler 205 cools cryogenic fresh water, and the total heat of cooling is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0184] .

[0185] This embodiment provides a multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships, which uses coolants of different corresponding temperatures to cool the fuel cell stack and lithium battery separately at different operating temperatures, thus meeting the battery cooling requirements during normal ship navigation.

[0186] Example 2

[0187] In this embodiment, a multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships operates in mode two (summer navigation). During this mode, the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 require cooling, the cabin condenser 302 is not working, and the cabin evaporator 303 and heat exchanger 304 are working. The high-temperature coolant, driven by the high-temperature pump I 106, enters the deionizer 105 for deionization. A portion flows directly through one outlet of the three-way valve I 104 to the fuel cell stack 101 for cooling, while the other portion flows through the other outlet of the three-way valve I 104 into the radiator 103 for further cooling. The cooled high-temperature coolant then flows through the lithium battery 102 for cooling. Subsequently, the high-temperature coolant is cooled by fresh water from the low-temperature cooling water circuit 2 via the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and flows back to the high-temperature pump I 106 to complete the cycle. The low-temperature fresh water is drawn from the fresh water tank 201 by the fresh water pump 202, flows through the three-way valve II 203 to the low-temperature cooler 205, where it is cooled by seawater from the outboard water circuit 4. It then flows through the three-way valve III 204 to the ship's motor 206 and ship's electronic control system 207 for cooling. Finally, the fresh water flows into the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 for further cooling. After the high-temperature coolant in high-temperature coolant circuit 1 is cooled, it flows back to freshwater tank 201 to complete the circulation. Seawater pump 402 draws seawater from outside the ship, filters it in water filter 401, and then cools the freshwater in low-temperature cooler 205 before being discharged outside the ship. In heat pump circuit 3 (heat pump cycle), the refrigerant absorbs heat from high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and becomes gaseous. It is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas in compressor 301, dissipates heat in heat exchanger 304, and then depressurizes and absorbs heat in cabin evaporator 303 to cool the cabin. It then returns to high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 to complete the circulation. The heat dissipated by the refrigerant in heat exchanger 304 is absorbed by heat storage tank 305 and transported to the living area by high-temperature pump II 307 to meet the heat demand. At the same time, low-temperature pump 306 transports an equal amount of cold water to heat storage tank 305 to ensure its normal operation.

[0188] In the high-temperature coolant loop 1 of Mode 2, the total heat of the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 cooled by the high-temperature coolant is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0189] ;

[0190] Based on the comparison of heat generation between fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102, the high-temperature coolant flowing through the radiator 103 circuit accounts for 1 / 6 of the total circuit heat dissipation. Satisfy the following formula:

[0191] ;

[0192] The temperature of the high-temperature coolant after cooling Satisfy the following formula:

[0193] ;

[0194] The high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 cools the high-temperature coolant, and the total heat cooled is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0195] ;

[0196] In heat pump loop 3, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and turns into a gaseous state. Satisfy the following formula:

[0197] ;

[0198] In heat exchanger 304, the refrigerant loses some heat. Satisfy the following formula:

[0199] ;

[0200] in, This is the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger.

[0201] In the evaporator inside the cabin, the refrigerant absorbs heat and cools down by reducing its pressure. Satisfy the following formula:

[0202] ;

[0203] In heat pump loop 3, the energy conservation of the refrigerant satisfies the following formula:

[0204] ;

[0205] in, This refers to the heat absorbed by the refrigerant in the compressor.

[0206] In the low-temperature cooling water circuit 2, the total heat of the ship motor 206 and the ship electrical control system 207 cooled by the low-temperature fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0207] ;

[0208] The heat in the high-temperature multi-flow cooler 107 is absorbed by fresh water and refrigerant, so the total heat used to cool the fresh water in the low-temperature cooler 205 is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0209] .

[0210] The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships provided in this embodiment is a common mode for high-temperature navigation in summer. While cooling the fuel cell and lithium battery, it cools the cabin through the heat pump circuit. At the same time, the heat storage tank stores excess heat, which can be used to supply the ship's domestic water, making full use of waste heat for efficient energy storage and greatly improving the heat utilization rate.

[0211] Example 3

[0212] In this embodiment, a multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for a hydrogen-powered ship operates in mode three (winter navigation). During this mode, the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 require cooling. The in-cabin condenser 302 and heat exchanger 304 are operational, while the in-cabin evaporator 303 and cryogenic cooler 205 are not. High-temperature coolant, driven by high-temperature pump I 106, enters deionizer 105 for deionization. A portion flows directly through one outlet of three-way valve I 104 to the fuel cell stack 101 for cooling, while the other portion flows through the other outlet of three-way valve I 104 into radiator 103 for further cooling. The cooled high-temperature coolant then flows through lithium battery 102 for cooling. Subsequently, the high-temperature coolant is cooled by the refrigerant in heat pump circuit 3 through high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and flows back to high-temperature pump I 106 to complete the cycle. Low-temperature freshwater is drawn from freshwater tank 201 by freshwater pump 202 and flows directly into ship motor 206 and ship electronic control system 20 through three-way valve II 203. 7. Cooling is performed. The cooled fresh water flows into heat exchanger 304 and is cooled by the cold water in heat storage tank 305. It then flows back to fresh water tank 201 to complete the cycle. The refrigerant in heat pump circuit 3 absorbs heat from high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and becomes gaseous. It is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas in compressor 301 and then flows into cabin condenser 302 for condensation and heat dissipation. It then flows back to high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 to complete the cycle. The heat lost by the fresh water in heat exchanger 304 is absorbed by heat storage tank 305 and transported to the living area by high-temperature pump II 307 to meet the heat demand. At the same time, low-temperature pump 306 transports an equal amount of cold water to heat storage tank 305 to ensure its normal operation.

[0213] In the high-temperature coolant loop 1 of Mode 3, the total heat of the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 cooled by the high-temperature coolant is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0214] ;

[0215] Based on the comparison of heat generation between fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102, the high-temperature coolant flowing through the radiator 103 circuit accounts for 1 / 6 of the total circuit heat dissipation. Satisfy the following formula:

[0216] ;

[0217] The temperature of the high-temperature coolant after cooling Satisfy the following formula:

[0218] ;

[0219] The high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 cools the high-temperature coolant, and the total heat cooled is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0220] ;

[0221] In heat pump loop 3, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and turns into a gaseous state. Satisfy the following formula:

[0222] ;

[0223] The energy conservation equation for heat pump loop 3 is as follows:

[0224] ;

[0225] in, This refers to the heat lost by the refrigerant in the condenser inside the cabin.

[0226] In the low-temperature cooling water circuit 2, the total heat of the ship motor 206 and the ship electrical control system 207 cooled by the low-temperature fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0227] ;

[0228] Heat exchanger 304 absorbs heat from low-temperature fresh water. Satisfy the following formula:

[0229] .

[0230] The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships provided in this embodiment is a common mode for navigation in cold winter temperatures. While cooling the fuel cells and lithium batteries, it heats the cabin through a heat pump circuit, uses a heat exchanger as a cooler for fresh water, and stores heat, which has broad application prospects.

[0231] Example 4

[0232] In this embodiment, a multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for a hydrogen-powered ship operates in mode four (spring / autumn start-up). During this mode, the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 require heating, and the heat exchanger 304 operates. The radiator 103, high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107, in-cabin condenser 302, in-cabin evaporator 303, and low-temperature cooler 205 are all inactive. The high-temperature coolant is hotter than the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102. Driven by high-temperature pump I 106, the high-temperature coolant enters the deionizer 105 for deionization. A portion flows directly through one outlet of three-way valve I 104 to the fuel cell stack 101 for heating, while the other portion flows through the other outlet of three-way valve I 104 to the lithium battery 102 for heating. The coolant then flows directly back to high-temperature pump I 106 to complete the cycle. Low-temperature freshwater is pumped from the freshwater tank 201 by freshwater pump 202. The water is drawn out from the water and flows through the three-way valve II 203 directly into the ship's motor 206 and ship's electrical control system 207 for cooling. The cooled fresh water flows into the heat exchanger 304 and is cooled by the cold water in the heat storage tank 305. It then flows back to the fresh water tank 201 to complete the cycle. The heat lost by the fresh water in the heat exchanger 304 is absorbed by the heat storage tank 305 and transported to the living area by the high-temperature pump II 307 to meet the heat demand. At the same time, the low-temperature pump 306 transports an equal amount of cold water to the heat storage tank 305 to ensure its normal operation.

[0233] In the high-temperature coolant loop 1 of Mode 4, the total heat generated by the high-temperature coolant heating the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0234] ;

[0235] In the low-temperature cooling water circuit 2, the total heat of the ship motor 206 and the ship electrical control system 207 cooled by the low-temperature fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0236] ;

[0237] Heat exchanger 304 absorbs heat from low-temperature fresh water. Satisfy the following formula:

[0238] .

[0239] The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships provided in this embodiment is a commonly used mode during the ship startup process in spring and autumn. During startup, the high-temperature coolant is heated separately according to the normal operating temperature of the fuel cell and lithium battery, so that they can be heated up rapidly.

[0240] Example 5

[0241] In this embodiment, a multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for a hydrogen-powered ship operates in mode five (summer start-up). During this mode, the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 require heating, while the radiator 103 and cryogenic cooler 205 are not operational. The high-temperature coolant is hotter than the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102. Driven by high-temperature pump I 106, the high-temperature coolant enters the deionizer 105 for deionization. A portion flows directly through one outlet of three-way valve I 104 to the fuel cell stack 101 for heating, while the other portion flows through the other outlet of three-way valve I 104 to the lithium battery 102 for heating. Subsequently, the high-temperature coolant flows into heat exchanger 304 to absorb heat lost from the refrigerant and then flows back to high-temperature pump I 106 to complete the cycle. Cryogenic freshwater is pumped from the freshwater tank 20 by freshwater pump 202. The refrigerant is drawn from the heat pump circuit 1 and flows through the three-way valve II 203 directly into the ship's motor 206 and ship's electrical control system 207 for cooling. Then, it is cooled by the refrigerant absorbing heat in the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and flows back to the freshwater tank 201 to complete the cycle. The refrigerant in the heat pump circuit 3 absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and becomes gaseous. It is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the compressor 301 and loses heat in the heat exchanger 304. Then, it is depressurized and absorbs heat in the cabin evaporator 303 to cool the cabin and then returns to the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 to complete the cycle.

[0242] In the high-temperature coolant loop 1 of Mode 5, the total heat generated by the high-temperature coolant heating the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0243] ;

[0244] The energy conservation in high-temperature coolant circuit 1 is as follows:

[0245] ;

[0246] in, This refers to the heat gained by the high-temperature coolant in the heat exchanger.

[0247] In heat pump loop 3, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and turns into a gaseous state. Satisfy the following formula:

[0248] ;

[0249] In heat exchanger 304, the refrigerant loses some heat. Satisfy the following formula:

[0250] ;

[0251] In the evaporator inside the cabin, the refrigerant absorbs heat and cools down by reducing its pressure. Satisfy the following formula:

[0252] ;

[0253] In heat pump loop 3, the energy conservation of the refrigerant satisfies the following formula:

[0254] ;

[0255] In the low-temperature cooling water circuit 2, the total heat of the ship motor 206 and the ship electrical control system 207 cooled by the low-temperature fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0256] ;

[0257] In the low-temperature cooling water circuit 2, the energy conservation of fresh water satisfies the following formula:

[0258] .

[0259] The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships provided in this embodiment is a commonly used mode during the ship startup process in summer. It can cool the cabin while heating the fuel cell and lithium battery. At the same time, the heat of the refrigerant can be absorbed by the coolant to heat the coolant, thereby achieving rapid heating of the fuel cell and lithium battery, making full use of waste heat for efficient energy storage, and greatly improving the heat utilization rate.

[0260] Example 6

[0261] In this embodiment, a multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for a hydrogen-powered ship operates in mode six (winter start-up). During this mode, the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 require heating, the in-cabin condenser 302 operates, while the radiator 103, in-cabin evaporator 303, heat exchanger 304, and cryogenic cooler 205 are not operating. The high-temperature coolant is hotter than the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102. Driven by high-temperature pump I 106, the high-temperature coolant enters the deionizer 105 for deionization. A portion flows directly through one outlet of three-way valve I 104 to the fuel cell stack 101 for heating, while the other portion flows through the other outlet of three-way valve I 104 to the lithium battery 102 for heating. The coolant then flows directly back to high-temperature pump I 106 to complete the cycle. Cryogenic freshwater is drawn from the freshwater tank 201 by freshwater pump 202. The refrigerant flows out through the three-way valve II 203 and directly into the ship's motor 206 and ship's electrical control system 207 for cooling. Then, it is cooled by the refrigerant absorbing heat in the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and flows back to the freshwater tank 201 to complete the cycle. The refrigerant in the heat pump circuit 3 absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and becomes gaseous. It is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the compressor 301 and then flows into the cabin condenser 302 for condensation and heat dissipation. Finally, it flows back to the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 to complete the cycle.

[0262] In the high-temperature coolant loop 1 of Mode 6, the total heat generated by the high-temperature coolant heating the fuel cell stack 101 and lithium battery 102 is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0263] ;

[0264] In heat pump loop 3, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler 107 and turns into a gaseous state. Satisfy the following formula:

[0265] ;

[0266] The energy conservation equation for heat pump loop 3 is as follows:

[0267] ;

[0268] In the low-temperature cooling water circuit 2, the total heat of the ship motor 206 and the ship electrical control system 207 cooled by the low-temperature fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula:

[0269] ;

[0270] In the low-temperature cooling water circuit 2, the energy conservation of fresh water satisfies the following formula:

[0271] .

[0272] The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships provided in this embodiment is a commonly used mode during the ship startup process in winter. This mode rapidly heats up the ship's fuel cells and lithium batteries, successfully avoiding startup failure. At the same time, the refrigerant cools the fresh water and heats the cabin, with significant effects.

[0273] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships, characterized in that, include: The high-temperature coolant circuit (1), the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2), the heat pump circuit (3) and the outboard water circuit (4) are provided. The high-temperature coolant circuit (1) is connected to the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2) and the heat pump circuit (3) through a high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107). The low-temperature cooling water circuit (2) is connected to the outboard water circuit (4) through a low-temperature cooler (205). The high-temperature coolant circuit (1) includes a fuel cell stack (101) and a lithium battery (102), and the first cooling medium circulating in the high-temperature coolant circuit (1) is used to cool the fuel cell stack (101) and the lithium battery (102); The second cooling medium circulating in the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2) is used to cool the first cooling medium flowing through the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107); The medium circulating in the outboard water circuit (4) is used to cool the second cooling medium flowing through the cryogenic cooler (205); The heat pump circuit (3) is connected to the living area. The medium in the heat pump circuit (3) is used to absorb heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) to achieve cooling or heating in the cabin and meet the heat demand of the living area. The high-temperature coolant circuit (1) includes a fuel cell stack (101), a lithium battery (102), a radiator (103), a three-way valve I (104), a deionizer (105), a high-temperature pump I (106), and a high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107). The outlet of the fuel cell stack (101) is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107), the outlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) is connected to the inlet of a heat exchanger (304), and the outlet of the heat exchanger (304) is connected to the high-temperature pump. The inlet of I (106) is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature pump I (106), which is connected to the inlet of the deionizer (105). The outlet of the deionizer (105) is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve I (104). The two outlets of the three-way valve I (104) are connected to the inlets of the fuel cell stack (101) and the radiator (103) respectively. The outlet of the radiator (103) is connected to the inlet of the lithium battery (102), and the outlet of the lithium battery (102) is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107). The low-temperature cooling water circuit (2) includes a high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107), a freshwater tank (201), a freshwater pump (202), a three-way valve II (203), a three-way valve III (204), a low-temperature cooler (205), a ship motor (206), and a ship electrical control system (207). The outlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) is connected to the inlet of the freshwater tank (201), the outlet of the freshwater tank (201) is connected to the inlet of the freshwater pump (202), and the outlet of the freshwater pump (202) is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve II (203). One outlet of (203) is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic cooler (205), and the other outlet is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve III (204); the outlet of the cryogenic cooler (205) is connected to the inlet of the three-way valve III (204), and the two outlets of the three-way valve III (204) are respectively connected to the inlets of the ship motor (206) and the ship electrical control system (207); the outlets of the ship motor (206) and the ship electrical control system (207) are connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger (304), and the outlet of the heat exchanger (304) is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107); The heat pump circuit (3) includes a high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107), a compressor (301), an in-cabin condenser (302), an in-cabin evaporator (303), a heat exchanger (304), a heat storage tank (305), a low-temperature pump (306), and a high-temperature pump II (307). The outlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) is connected to the inlet of the compressor (301). The outlet of the compressor (301) is connected to the inlet of the in-cabin condenser (302) and the inlet of the heat exchanger (304), respectively. The outlet of the in-cabin condenser (302) is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger (304). The outlet of (304) is connected to the inlet of the in-cabin evaporator (303) and the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107), respectively. The outlet of the in-cabin evaporator (303) is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107). The two ends of the heat storage tank (305) are connected to the two ends of the heat exchanger (304). The outlet of the cryogenic pump (306) is connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank (305). The inlet of the cryogenic pump (306) is connected to the living area. The inlet of the high-temperature pump II (307) is connected to the outlet of the heat storage tank (305). The outlet of the high-temperature pump II (307) is connected to the living area. The outboard water circuit (4) includes a cryogenic cooler (205), a seawater filter (401), and a seawater pump (402). One end of the seawater filter (401) is connected to seawater, and the other end is connected to one end of the seawater pump (402). The other end of the seawater pump (402) is connected to one end of the cryogenic cooler (205), and the other end of the cryogenic cooler (205) is connected to seawater.

2. The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first cooling medium in the high-temperature coolant circuit (1) is a water-glycol solution with high specific heat capacity coolant, the second cooling medium in the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2) is fresh water, the medium in the heat pump circuit (3) is refrigerant, and the medium in the outboard water circuit (4) is seawater.

3. The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal management system has six operating modes, including mode one for spring and autumn navigation, mode two for summer navigation, mode three for winter navigation, mode four for spring and autumn startup, mode five for summer startup, and mode six for winter startup. In the high-temperature coolant circuit (1), the total heat of the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) cooled by the high-temperature coolant is... Satisfy the following formula: ； in, For the specific heat capacity of fuel cells, For fuel cell quality, The inlet temperature of the fuel cell. The outlet temperature of the fuel cell. For the specific heat capacity of lithium batteries, For lithium battery quality, This refers to the inlet temperature of the lithium battery. This refers to the outlet temperature of the lithium battery. Based on the comparison of heat generation between the fuel cell stack (101) and the lithium battery (102), the high-temperature coolant flowing through the heat sink (103) is 1 / 6 of the entire circuit, and the total heat dissipated by the heat sink (103) is... Satisfy the following formula: ； in, For the quality of high-temperature coolant, Specific heat capacity of high-temperature coolant; The temperature of the high-temperature coolant after cooling Satisfy the following formula: ； The high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) cools the high-temperature coolant, and the total heat cooled is... Satisfy the following formula: ； In the heat pump loop (3), the refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and becomes gaseous. Satisfy the following formula: ； in, For the specific heat capacity of the refrigerant, For refrigerant quality, This refers to the inlet temperature of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler. This refers to the outlet temperature of the high-temperature multi-stream cooler. The total heat of the ship's motor (206) and ship's electrical control system (207) being cooled by low-temperature fresh water in the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2) Satisfy the following formula: ； in, For the heat capacity of ship motors, For the quality of ship motors, For the inlet temperature of the ship's motor, For the outlet temperature of the ship's motor, For the heat capacity of the ship's electronic control system, For the quality of ship electrical control systems, For the inlet temperature of the ship's electronic control system, The outlet temperature of the ship's electronic control system; If the heat in the high-temperature multi-flow cooler (107) is absorbed by the fresh water and refrigerant, then the total heat of the fresh water cooled in the low-temperature cooler (205) will be... Satisfy the following formula: ； If the heat in the high-temperature multi-flow cooler (107) is only absorbed by the refrigerant, then the total heat of cooling the fresh water in the low-temperature cooler (205) is... Satisfy the following formula: 。 4. The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the thermal management system is in operation mode 1, the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) require cooling, and the in-cabin condenser (302), in-cabin evaporator (303), and heat exchanger (304) are not working. The high-temperature coolant is driven by the high-temperature pump I (106) into the deionizer (105) for deionization. Part of it flows directly through one outlet of the three-way valve I (104) to the fuel cell stack (101) for cooling, and the other part flows into the radiator (103) through the other outlet of the three-way valve I (104) for cooling. The cooled high-temperature coolant flows through the lithium battery (102) for cooling, and then the high-temperature coolant is cooled by the fresh water in the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2) through the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107). After cooling, the water flows back to the high-temperature pump I (106) to complete the cycle. The low-temperature fresh water is drawn from the fresh water tank (201) by the fresh water pump (202), flows through the three-way valve II (203) to the low-temperature cooler (205) and is cooled by the seawater in the outboard water circuit (4). Then, it flows through the three-way valve III (204) to the ship motor (206) and the ship electrical control system (207) for cooling. After that, the fresh water flows into the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) to cool the high-temperature coolant in the high-temperature coolant circuit (1) and then flows back to the fresh water tank (201) to complete the cycle. The seawater pump (402) draws seawater from the outboard and filters it in the seawater filter (401). The fresh water is then cooled in the low-temperature cooler (205) and then discharged outboard. In the high-temperature coolant loop (1) of Mode 1, the total heat of the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) cooled by the high-temperature coolant is... Satisfy the following formula: ； Based on the heat generation comparison between the fuel cell stack (101) and the lithium battery (102), the high-temperature coolant flowing through the heat sink (103) is 1 / 6 of the entire circuit, and the total heat dissipated by the heat sink (103) is... Satisfy the following formula: ； The temperature of the high-temperature coolant after cooling Satisfy the following formula: ； The high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) cools the high-temperature coolant, and the total heat cooled is... Satisfy the following formula: ； In the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2), the total heat of the ship's motor (206) and ship's electrical control system (207) cooled by the low-temperature fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula: ； The cryogenic cooler (205) cools the cryogenic fresh water, and the total heat of cooling is... Satisfy the following formula: 。 5. The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the second operating mode of the thermal management system, the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) require cooling. The in-cabin condenser (302) is not working, while the in-cabin evaporator (303) and heat exchanger (304) are working. The high-temperature coolant is driven by the high-temperature pump I (106) into the deionizer (105) for deionization. Part of it flows directly through one outlet of the three-way valve I (104) to the fuel cell stack (101) for cooling, while the other part flows into the radiator through the other outlet of the three-way valve I (104). (103) Cooling is carried out, and the cooled high-temperature coolant flows through the lithium battery (102) for cooling. Then, the high-temperature coolant is cooled by the fresh water in the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2) through the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and flows back to the high-temperature pump I (106) to complete the cycle. The low-temperature fresh water is drawn from the fresh water tank (201) by the fresh water pump (202), flows through the three-way valve II (203) to the low-temperature cooler (205) and is cooled by the seawater in the outboard water circuit (4). Then, it flows through the three-way valve III (204) to the ship's electrical system. The engine (206) and the ship's electrical control system (207) are cooled. Then, fresh water flows into the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) to cool the high-temperature coolant in the high-temperature coolant circuit (1) and then flows back to the freshwater tank (201) to complete the circulation. The seawater pump (402) draws seawater from the outside, filters it in the seawater filter (401), and then cools the freshwater in the low-temperature cooler (205) before discharging it overboard. The refrigerant in the heat pump circuit (3) absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and turns into gas. In the compressor (301), the refrigerant is compressed into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas. It flows through the heat exchanger (304) to dissipate heat. Then, it is depressurized and absorbs heat in the cabin evaporator (303) to cool the cabin. Then, it returns to the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) to complete the cycle. The heat lost by the refrigerant in the heat exchanger (304) is absorbed by the heat storage tank (305) and transported to the living area by the high-temperature pump II (307) to meet the heat demand. At the same time, the low-temperature pump (306) transports an equal amount of cold water to the heat storage tank (305) to ensure its normal operation. In the high-temperature coolant loop (1) of Mode 2, the total heat of the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) cooled by the high-temperature coolant is... Satisfy the following formula: ； Based on the comparison of heat generation between the fuel cell stack (101) and the lithium battery (102), the high-temperature coolant flowing through the heat sink (103) is 1 / 6 of the entire circuit, and the total heat dissipated by the heat sink (103) is... Satisfy the following formula: ； The temperature of the high-temperature coolant after cooling Satisfy the following formula: ； The high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) cools the high-temperature coolant, and the total heat cooled is... Satisfy the following formula: ； In the heat pump loop (3), the refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and becomes gaseous. Satisfy the following formula: ； In the heat exchanger (304), the refrigerant loses a portion of its heat. Satisfy the following formula: ； in, This refers to the heat exchanger outlet temperature. In the evaporator inside the cabin, the refrigerant absorbs heat and cools down by reducing its pressure. Satisfy the following formula: ； In the heat pump loop (3), the energy conservation of the refrigerant satisfies the following formula: ； in, This refers to the heat absorbed by the refrigerant in the compressor; In the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2), the total heat of the ship's motor (206) and ship's electrical control system (207) cooled by the low-temperature fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula: ； The heat in the high-temperature multi-flow cooler (107) is absorbed by fresh water and refrigerant, so the total heat of cooling the fresh water in the low-temperature cooler (205) is... Satisfy the following formula: 。 6. The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the thermal management system operates in mode three, the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) require cooling. The in-cabin condenser (302) and heat exchanger (304) are working, while the in-cabin evaporator (303) and cryogenic cooler (205) are not working. The high-temperature coolant is driven by the high-temperature pump I (106) into the deionizer (105) for deionization. Part of it flows directly through one outlet of the three-way valve I (104) to the fuel cell stack (101) for cooling, while the other part flows into the radiator (103) through the other outlet of the three-way valve I (104) for cooling. The cooled high-temperature coolant flows through the lithium battery (102) for cooling. Then, the high-temperature coolant is cooled by the refrigerant in the heat pump circuit (3) through the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and flows back to the high-temperature pump I (106) to complete the cycle. The cryogenic freshwater is pumped by the freshwater pump (202) from the freshwater... The water is drawn from the tank (201) and flows through the three-way valve II (203) directly into the ship's motor (206) and ship's electrical control system (207) for cooling. The cooled fresh water flows into the heat exchanger (304) and is cooled by the cold water in the heat storage tank (305). It then flows back to the fresh water tank (201) to complete the cycle. The refrigerant in the heat pump circuit (3) absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and becomes gaseous. It is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the compressor (301) and then flows into the cabin condenser (302) for condensation and heat dissipation. It then flows back to the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) to complete the cycle. The heat lost by the fresh water in the heat exchanger (304) is absorbed by the heat storage tank (305) and transported to the living area by the high-temperature pump II (307) to meet the heat demand. At the same time, the low-temperature pump (306) transports an equal amount of cold water to the heat storage tank (305) to ensure its normal operation. In the high-temperature coolant loop (1) of Mode 3, the total heat of the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) cooled by the high-temperature coolant is... Satisfy the following formula: ； Based on the heat generation comparison between the fuel cell stack (101) and the lithium battery (102), the high-temperature coolant flowing through the heat sink (103) is 1 / 6 of the entire circuit, and the total heat dissipated by the heat sink (103) is... Satisfy the following formula: ； The temperature of the high-temperature coolant after cooling Satisfy the following formula: ； The high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) cools the high-temperature coolant, and the total heat cooled is... Satisfy the following formula: ； In the heat pump loop (3), the refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and becomes gaseous. Satisfy the following formula: ； The energy conservation equation for the heat pump circuit (3) is as follows: ； in, This refers to the heat lost by the refrigerant in the condenser inside the cabin; In the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2), the total heat of the ship's motor (206) and ship's electrical control system (207) cooled by the low-temperature fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula: ； The heat exchanger (304) absorbs heat from the low-temperature fresh water. Satisfy the following formula: 。 7. The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the thermal management system operates in mode four, the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) require heating, the heat exchanger (304) is working, and the radiator (103), high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107), in-cabin condenser (302), in-cabin evaporator (303), and low-temperature cooler (205) are not working. At this time, the high-temperature coolant is hotter than the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102). After being deionized by the high-temperature pump I (106), part of the high-temperature coolant flows directly through one outlet of the three-way valve I (104) to the fuel cell stack (101) for heating, and the other part flows through the other outlet of the three-way valve I (104) to the lithium battery. The battery (102) is heated and then flows directly back to the high-temperature pump I (106) to complete the cycle. Low-temperature fresh water is drawn from the fresh water tank (201) by the fresh water pump (202), flows through the three-way valve II (203) and flows directly into the ship motor (206) and the ship electrical control system (207) for cooling. The cooled fresh water flows into the heat exchanger (304) and is cooled by the cold water in the heat storage tank (305). It flows back to the fresh water tank (201) to complete the cycle. The heat lost by the fresh water in the heat exchanger (304) is absorbed by the heat storage tank (305) and transported to the living area by the high-temperature pump II (307) to meet the heat demand. At the same time, the low-temperature pump (306) transports an equal amount of cold water to the heat storage tank (305) to ensure its normal operation. In the high-temperature coolant loop (1) of Mode 4, the total heat generated by the high-temperature coolant heating the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) is... Satisfy the following formula: ； In the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2), the total heat of the ship's motor (206) and ship's electrical control system (207) cooled by the low-temperature fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula: ； The heat exchanger (304) absorbs heat from the low-temperature fresh water. Satisfy the following formula: 。 8. The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the thermal management system operates in mode five, the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) require heating, and the radiator (103) and cryogenic cooler (205) are not working. At this time, the high-temperature coolant is hotter than the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102). After being deionized by the high-temperature pump I (106), part of the high-temperature coolant flows directly through one outlet of the three-way valve I (104) to the fuel cell stack (101) for heating, and the other part flows through the other outlet of the three-way valve I (104) to the lithium battery (102) for heating. Then, the high-temperature coolant flows into the heat exchanger (304) to absorb the heat lost by the refrigerant for heating, and then flows back to the high-temperature pump I. (106) The cycle is completed. Low-temperature fresh water is drawn from the fresh water tank (201) by the fresh water pump (202), flows through the three-way valve II (203) and flows directly into the ship motor (206) and the ship electrical control system (207) for cooling. Then, it is cooled by the heat absorbed by the refrigerant in the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and flows back to the fresh water tank (201) to complete the cycle. The refrigerant in the heat pump circuit (3) absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and becomes gaseous. It is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the compressor (301), flows through the heat exchanger (304) to dissipate heat, and then depressurizes and absorbs heat in the cabin evaporator (303) to cool the cabin. Then it returns to the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) to complete the cycle. In the high-temperature coolant loop (1) of Mode 5, the total heat generated by the high-temperature coolant heating the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) is... Satisfy the following formula: ； The energy conservation in the high-temperature coolant circuit (1) is as follows: ； in, This refers to the heat gained by the high-temperature coolant in the heat exchanger. In the heat pump loop (3), the refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and becomes gaseous. Satisfy the following formula: ； In the heat exchanger (304), the refrigerant loses a portion of its heat. Satisfy the following formula: ； In the evaporator inside the cabin, the refrigerant absorbs heat and cools down by reducing its pressure. Satisfy the following formula: ； In the heat pump loop (3), the energy conservation of the refrigerant satisfies the following formula: ； In the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2), the total heat of the ship's motor (206) and ship's electrical control system (207) cooled by the low-temperature fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula: ； In the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2), the energy conservation of fresh water satisfies the following formula: 。 9. The multi-mode whole-ship thermal management system for hydrogen-powered ships according to claim 3, characterized in that, When the thermal management system operates in mode six, the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) require heating. The in-cabin condenser (302) is working, while the radiator (103), in-cabin evaporator (303), heat exchanger (304), and cryogenic cooler (205) are not working. At this time, the high-temperature coolant is hotter than the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102). The high-temperature coolant is driven by high-temperature pump I (106) into the deionizer (105) for deionization. Part of it flows directly through one outlet of three-way valve I (104) to the fuel cell stack (101) for heating, and the other part flows through the other outlet of three-way valve I (104) to the lithium battery (102) for heating. The water is heated and then flows directly back to the high-temperature pump I (106) to complete the cycle. Low-temperature fresh water is drawn from the fresh water tank (201) by the fresh water pump (202), flows through the three-way valve II (203) and flows directly into the ship motor (206) and the ship electrical control system (207) for cooling. Then, it is cooled by the refrigerant in the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and flows back to the fresh water tank (201) to complete the cycle. The refrigerant in the heat pump circuit (3) absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and becomes gaseous. It is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the compressor (301) and then flows into the cabin condenser (302) for condensation and heat dissipation. Then, it flows back to the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) to complete the cycle. In the high-temperature coolant loop (1) of Mode 6, the total heat generated by the high-temperature coolant heating the fuel cell stack (101) and lithium battery (102) is... Satisfy the following formula: ； In the heat pump loop (3), the refrigerant absorbs heat from the high-temperature multi-stream cooler (107) and becomes gaseous. Satisfy the following formula: ； The energy conservation equation for the heat pump circuit (3) is as follows: ； In the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2), the total heat of the ship's motor (206) and ship's electrical control system (207) cooled by the low-temperature fresh water is... Satisfy the following formula: ； In the low-temperature cooling water circuit (2), the energy conservation of fresh water satisfies the following formula: 。

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