Drilling machine hole forming method suitable for different rock stratums

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of pore-forming control, and particularly discloses a drilling machine pore-forming method suitable for different rock stratums, comprising the following steps: S1, acquiring stratum data; s2, obtaining different rock stratum distribution data of the operation area according to the stratum data, and constructing a three-dimensional geologic model; s3, according to the three-dimensional geologic model, simulating to obtain an optimal drilling path without damaging the ground; s4, simulating an interaction mechanism of the drill bit and different rock stratums according to the optimal drilling path to obtain working parameters of the drill bit with the optimal hole forming quality in the different rock stratums; and S5, the working parameters of the drill bit in the different rock stratums are input into a control system of the jumbolter, and the control system adjusts the drill bit to the matched working parameters according to the data of the different rock stratums. The method can greatly improve the hole forming quality of the weathered rock stratum, improve the construction progress and reduce the engineering cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hole formation control, and in particular to a drilling rig hole formation method suitable for different rock formations. Background Art

[0002] As infrastructure construction continues to advance, high slope projects are widely used in many fields such as transportation, water conservancy, and energy. Among them, weathered rock strata, due to their special geological properties, have brought many difficulties to high slope construction. Weathered rock has undergone long-term weathering, and the rock structure is broken, joints and fissures are developed, and the rock strength is significantly reduced. It also has strong permeability. Drilling operations in such strata face severe challenges. Traditional drilling rig drilling technology has exposed many drawbacks when dealing with weathered rock strata. The drilling speed is extremely slow, which seriously affects the construction progress and leads to a significant increase in project costs. At the same time, the disturbance of the drill bit on the weathered rock strata causes frequent collapse of the hole wall in the weathered rock strata area, which not only reduces the drilling quality but also may cause safety accidents. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drilling method suitable for different rock formations, which can greatly improve the drilling quality of weathered rock formations, speed up construction progress and reduce engineering costs.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following solutions:

[0005] The present application provides a drilling method suitable for different rock formations, aiming to improve the quality and efficiency of drilling holes in different rock formations and reduce damage to the ground.

[0006] The method comprises the following steps: S1: obtaining stratigraphic data, preferably, using any one of geological radar, seismic wave reflection method and high-density electrical method to obtain accurate stratigraphic data, including stratigraphic depth, distribution range, structural characteristics, rock composition, weathering grade and degree of development of joints and fissures.

[0007] S2: Based on the stratigraphic data, through data analysis and modeling, the distribution data of different rock layers in the operating area is obtained, and a three-dimensional geological model is constructed to provide a basis for subsequent drilling path planning.

[0008] S3: Based on the constructed 3D geological model, the optimal drilling path is simulated without damaging the ground to ensure the accuracy and safety of drilling.

[0009] S4: Based on the optimal drilling path, the interaction mechanism between the drill bit and different rock formations is simulated to obtain the best working parameters of the drill bit in different rock formations, including the torque, drilling speed, thrust, and drill tooth length of the drill bit, to adapt to the characteristics of different rock formations.

[0010] S5: Input the working parameters of the drill bit in different rock formations into the control system of the anchor drilling rig. The control system automatically adjusts the drill bit to suitable working parameters according to the data of different rock formations to realize intelligent drilling.

[0011] Preferably, a torque sensor is embedded in the drill bit to monitor the torque data of the drill bit when drilling in different rock formations in real time and feed it back to the control system. The control system controls the change of the drill tooth length according to the different torque data to adapt to the resistance of different rock formations.

[0012] Preferably, a drill rod is connected to one end of the drill bit, the drill rod is connected to a driving motor, an assembly cavity is provided inside the drill bit, and a plurality of drill teeth with adjustable lengths are distributed on the drill bit to improve the flexibility and adaptability of drilling.

[0013] Preferably, the surface of the drill bit is provided with an assembly hole for installing the drill tooth, the assembly hole is connected to the assembly cavity, a circle of flexible alloy plate is provided on the inner wall of the assembly hole, the flexible alloy plate is connected to the side wall of the drill tooth, and a micro-resistance heating wire is embedded in the flexible alloy plate. When the micro-resistance heating wire is energized, the flexible alloy plate changes from flexible to rigid, and vice versa, it changes from rigid to flexible, thereby adjusting the fixed state of the drill tooth.

[0014] There is a hydraulic chamber located in the assembly chamber under the drill tooth. The hydraulic chamber is connected to a micro hydraulic pump located in the assembly chamber through a capillary hydraulic tube. A weight block located in the hydraulic chamber is provided at the bottom of the drill tooth. By changing the pressure in the hydraulic chamber, the extension length of the drill tooth is adjusted to meet the drilling requirements of different rock formations.

[0015] Preferably, a carbon nanotube fiber network layer is also embedded in the flexible alloy plate to improve its strength and stability.

[0016] Preferably, a friction layer is provided on the surface of the drill tooth, and an electrode layer for collecting friction charges is adhered to the back of the friction layer. The electrode layer is electrically connected to a micro energy storage module located in the assembly cavity, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy to power the torque sensor, micro hydraulic pump, and micro resistance heating wire, thereby achieving self-supply of energy and improving energy utilization.

[0017] Preferably, the energy storage module is a capacitor and a solid-state battery, which has high energy density and long life, thus providing guarantee for the energy demand during the drilling process.

[0018] The present invention has the beneficial effects:

[0019] The drilling method of the present invention can drill holes efficiently and accurately in different rock formations through intelligent drill bit parameter adjustment and energy self-supply, thereby reducing damage to the ground, improving drilling quality and efficiency, and reducing engineering costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the control structure;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drill bit;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A local enlarged structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0024] Figure numerals: 1-drill bit, 2-micro hydraulic pump, 3-energy storage module, 4-weight block, 5-assembly cavity, 6-flexible alloy plate, 7-drill tooth, 8-hydraulic cavity, 9-drill rod, 10-drive motor, 11-friction layer, 12-electrode layer, 13-carbon nanotube fiber network layer, 14-micro resistance heating wire, 15-assembly hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "longitudinal", "lateral", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", "front", "back", "top", "bottom" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the directions or positional relationships in which the inventive product is usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "disposed", "opened", "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] A drilling method suitable for different rock formations comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1: Acquire formation data;

[0030] S2: Obtain the distribution data of different rock formations in the operation area based on the formation data and construct a three-dimensional geological model;

[0031] S3: Based on the 3D geological model, simulate and obtain the best drilling path without damaging the ground;

[0032] S4: simulating the interaction mechanism between the drill bit 1 and different rock formations according to the optimal drilling path, and obtaining the working parameters of the drill bit 1 with the best hole-forming quality in different rock formations;

[0033] S5: Inputting the working parameters of the drill bit 1 in different rock formations into the control system of the anchor drilling rig, and the control system adjusts the drill bit 1 to suitable working parameters according to the data of different rock formations.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, in the above method, any one or more methods including geological radar, seismic wave reflection method and high-density electrical method are used to obtain stratigraphic data, and the stratigraphic data include stratigraphic depth, distribution range, structural characteristics, rock composition, weathering grade, degree of development of joints and fissures, etc.

[0035] After obtaining the distribution data of different rock layers in the operating area based on the stratigraphic data, a three-dimensional geological model can be constructed using a computer to display the depth, structural characteristics, rock composition, weathering grade, degree of development of joints and fissures, etc. of different rock layers in the operating area.

[0036] The surface terrain data needs to be removed before construction to avoid affecting subsequent work.

[0037] After the construction is completed, the drilling position and direction are selected according to the three-dimensional geological model, and the drilling route is planned. The interaction mechanism between the drill bit 1 and the rock formation under different drilling speeds, torques, and thrusts is simulated. By analyzing the rock breaking amount, crushing rate, and drilling quality of the drill bit 1, the working parameters with the best hole quality in different rock formations are determined.

[0038] The best judgment criteria for working parameters are: the longest drilling depth under the same drilling speed; or the deepest drilling depth under the same drilling distance limit.

[0039] In addition, based on cost factors, the drilling speed and torque at which the drilling volume per unit volume is maximum can be selected as the optimal working parameters.

[0040] The working parameters of the drill bit 1 in different rock formations are input into the control system of the drilling rig, and the rock formation where the drill bit 1 is currently located is detected in real time through the sensing module. The control system of the drilling rig adjusts the drill bit 1 to the appropriate working parameters according to the data of different rock formations.

[0041] If the control system of the drilling rig cannot be adjusted automatically, manually adjust the travel speed, torque, and thrust until the values ​​meet the set requirements.

[0042] A torque sensor is embedded in the drill bit 1, which feeds back real-time torque data to the control system. When the rock layer where the drilling rig is located changes, for example, from a hard rock layer to a soft rock layer (weathered rock layer), the friction between the drill bit 1 and the rock mass increases, causing the torque pulse signal to increase. Then the control system of the drilling rig will reduce the torque to maintain the specified value to avoid excessive load and damage to the anchor drilling rig.

[0043] When entering a hard rock layer from a soft rock layer (weathered rock layer), the friction between the drill bit 1 and the rock mass decreases, causing the torque pulse signal to decrease. At this time, the control system of the drilling rig will increase the torque to maintain the specified value to ensure excavation efficiency.

[0044] Specifically, the torque sensor is arranged on the drill bit 1 , and four or more sensors are arranged around the drill bit 1 to ensure the accuracy of the measurement.

[0045] Furthermore, a drill rod 9 is connected to one end of the drill bit 1, and the drill rod 9 is connected to a driving motor 10. An assembly cavity 5 is provided inside the drill bit 1, and a plurality of drill teeth 7 with adjustable lengths are distributed on the drill bit 1 to improve the flexibility and adaptability of drilling.

[0046] Furthermore, the surface of the drill bit 1 is provided with an assembly hole 15 for installing the drill tooth 7, the assembly hole 15 is connected to the assembly cavity 5, and a circle of flexible alloy plate 6 is provided on the inner wall of the assembly hole 15, the flexible alloy plate 6 is connected to the side wall of the drill tooth 7, and a micro resistance heating wire 14 is embedded in the flexible alloy plate 6. When the micro resistance heating wire 14 is energized, the flexible alloy plate 6 changes from flexible to rigid, and vice versa, it changes from rigid to flexible, thereby adjusting the fixed state of the drill tooth 7.

[0047] There is a hydraulic chamber 8 located in the assembly chamber 5 below the drill tooth 7. The hydraulic chamber 8 is connected to the micro hydraulic pump 2 located in the assembly chamber 5 through a capillary hydraulic tube. A weight block 4 located in the hydraulic chamber 8 is provided at the bottom of the drill tooth 7. By changing the pressure in the hydraulic chamber 8, the extension length of the drill tooth 7 can be adjusted to meet the drilling requirements of different rock formations.

[0048] Furthermore, a carbon nanotube fiber network layer 13 is embedded in the flexible alloy plate 6 to improve its strength and stability.

[0049] Specifically, a wireless transmission device may be provided in the installation cavity, which transmits the collected field data to the ground for analysis, and at the same time receives instructions from the control system to control the operation of the micro hydraulic pump 2 and the power on or off of the micro resistance heating wire 14.

[0050] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown in the figure, the specific adjustment principle of the length of the drill tooth 7 is: when the drill bit 1 is drilling, the flexible alloy plate 6 is in a rigid state, and the hydraulic chamber 8 is in a high-pressure state. When the torque data detected by the torque sensor exceeds the set value, it is judged that the drill bit 1 has drilled into a soft rock layer (weathered rock layer). At this time, in order to avoid the problem of hole wall collapse caused by the excessive disturbance of the weathered rock layer caused by the drill tooth 7 being too long, the control system receives the data fed back by the torque sensor, first controls the micro-resistance heating wire 14 in the flexible alloy plate 6 (thickness is 0.5-2mm) to cut off the power, and cuts off the heating of the flexible alloy plate 6. After the heating is completed, the flexible alloy plate 6 is restored to a flexible state from a rigid state. At the same time, the micro-hydraulic pump 2 pumps out the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic chamber 8 to reduce the pressure in the hydraulic chamber 8. Under the combined effect of the negative pressure generated by the hydraulic oil extracted by the hydraulic pump 2, the weight of the weight block 4 and the drill tooth 7, since the flexible alloy plate 6 is in a flexible state, the drill tooth 7 moves toward the center of the drill bit 1, and the distance between the top of the drill tooth 7 and the surface of the drill bit 1 is reduced, that is, the working length of the drill tooth 7 is reduced. After the length adjustment of the drill tooth 7 is completed, the control system controls the micro-resistance heating wire 14 to energize and heat the flexible alloy plate 6, and the flexible alloy plate 6 changes from flexible to rigid, and the rigidity is increased by 300%. After the flexible alloy plate 6 is transformed into a rigid state, the micro-hydraulic pump 2 pumps an appropriate amount of hydraulic oil into the hydraulic chamber 8 to enhance the support force of the drill tooth 7. The drill tooth 7 with a shortened length can reduce the disturbance to the weathered rock formation, thereby avoiding the problem of hole wall collapse and ensuring the quality of the hole. When drilling into a hard rock formation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the control system controls the micro-resistance heating wire 14 to cut off the power again, and the flexible alloy plate 6 changes from rigid to flexible. Then the micro-hydraulic pump 2 injects more hydraulic oil into the hydraulic chamber 8, so that the pressure of the hydraulic chamber 8 meets the requirements of drilling into hard rock formations. As the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic chamber 8 increases, the hydraulic oil lifts the drill tooth 7 radially, and the working length of the drill tooth 7 becomes longer. After the length of the drill tooth 7 reaches the designed value, the hydraulic chamber 8 stops pressurizing, and the micro-resistance heating wire 14 is powered on to heat the flexible alloy plate 6, so that the flexible alloy plate 6 is in a rigid state. Then, the hard rock formation can be drilled. Through the torque data fed back from different rock formations, the working length of the drill tooth 7 can be adjusted in real time to adapt to drilling in different rock formations, thereby ensuring the quality of the hole.

[0051] Furthermore, a friction layer 11 is provided on the surface of the drill tooth 7, and an electrode layer 12 for collecting friction charges is adhered to the back of the friction layer 11. The electrode layer 12 is electrically connected to a micro energy storage module 3 located in the assembly cavity 5, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy to power the torque sensor, the micro hydraulic pump 2, and the micro resistance heating wire 14, thereby realizing self-supply of energy and improving energy utilization.

[0052] Furthermore, the energy storage module 3 is a capacitor and a solid-state battery, which has high energy density and long life, and provides guarantee for the energy demand during the drilling process.

[0053] Specifically, Figure 4 As shown, the built-in sensor of the drill bit 1 relies on the power supply of the wire. The cable is easy to be entangled and broken during drilling operation, the battery is difficult to replace, and there are safety hazards in the high temperature and high pressure environment. Therefore, this embodiment is designed to generate electricity by the friction force between the drill teeth 7 and the rock formation to achieve self-power supply. A friction layer 11 is arranged on the surface of the drill teeth 7. The friction layer 11 adopts a micro-nano structured polytetrafluoroethylene or an aluminum oxide coating to enhance the friction charge. The back of the friction layer 11 is attached to the electrode layer 12. The electrode layer 12 adopts a flexible graphene / copper composite electrode to collect the friction charge. The electrode layer 12 is electrically conductive to the micro energy storage module 3 in the assembly cavity 5. The connection is achieved by passing a wire through the hydraulic cavity 8 to connect with the energy storage module 3. The micro energy storage module 3 is a super capacitor and a solid-state battery. The super capacitor is used for instantaneous energy storage and can be a carbon-based micro capacitor. The solid-state battery is for long-term energy storage and can be a lithium iron phosphate thin film battery. The micro energy storage module 3 supplies power to the torque sensor, the micro hydraulic pump 2, the micro resistance heating wire 14, the wireless transmission device and other electrical components in the drill bit 1, and then sends and receives data through the wireless transmission device, which greatly reduces the use of wires and fully utilizes the mechanical energy of the drill teeth 7 to convert into electrical energy to achieve energy recovery.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. According to the technical essence of the present invention, within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made to the above embodiment still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling method suitable for different rock formations, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Acquire formation data; S2: Obtain the distribution data of different rock formations in the operation area based on the formation data and construct a three-dimensional geological model; S3: Based on the 3D geological model, simulate and obtain the best drilling path without damaging the ground; S4: simulating the interaction mechanism between the drill bit (1) and different rock formations according to the optimal drilling path, and obtaining the working parameters of the drill bit (1) with the best hole-forming quality in different rock formations; S5: inputting the working parameters of the drill bit (1) in different rock formations into the control system of the anchor drilling machine, and the control system adjusts the drill bit (1) to suitable working parameters according to the data of different rock formations; A torque sensor is embedded in the drill bit (1). When drilling in different rock formations, the torque sensor feeds back real-time torque data to the control system, and the control system controls the change in the length of the drill teeth (7) according to the different torque data. One end of the drill bit (1) is connected to a drill rod (9), the drill rod (9) is connected to a driving motor (10), an assembly cavity (5) is provided inside the drill bit (1), and a plurality of drill teeth (7) with adjustable lengths are distributed on the drill bit (1); The surface of the drill bit (1) is provided with an assembly hole (15) for mounting a drill tooth (7), the assembly hole (15) is connected to the assembly cavity (5), a circle of flexible alloy plate (6) is provided on the inner wall of the assembly hole (15), the flexible alloy plate (6) is connected to the side wall of the drill tooth (7), a micro-resistance heating wire (14) is embedded in the flexible alloy plate (6), when the micro-resistance heating wire (14) is energized, the flexible alloy plate (6) changes from flexible to rigid, and vice versa, the flexible alloy plate (6) changes from rigid to flexible, a hydraulic cavity (8) located in the assembly cavity (5) is provided below the drill tooth (7), the hydraulic cavity (8) is connected to a micro-hydraulic pump (2) located in the assembly cavity (5) through a capillary hydraulic tube, and a weight block (4) located in the hydraulic cavity (8) is provided at the bottom of the drill tooth (7).

2. A drilling method suitable for different rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stratigraphic data is obtained by using any one of geological radar, seismic wave reflection method and high-density electrical method.

3. A drilling method suitable for different rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stratigraphic data include stratigraphic depth, distribution range, structural characteristics, rock composition, weathering grade, and degree of development of joints and fissures.

4. A drilling method suitable for different rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working parameters of the drill bit (1) include the torque, drilling speed, thrust and length of the drill teeth (7) of the drill bit (1).

5. The drilling method suitable for different rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: A carbon nanotube fiber network layer (13) is also embedded in the flexible alloy plate (6).

6. A drilling method suitable for different rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the drill tooth (7) is provided with a friction layer (11), the back of the friction layer (11) is adhered with an electrode layer (12) for collecting friction charges, and the electrode layer (12) is electrically connected to a micro energy storage module (3) located in the assembly cavity (5).

7. A drilling method suitable for different rock formations according to claim 6, characterized in that: The energy storage module (3) is a capacitor and a solid-state battery, and the energy storage module (3) supplies power to the torque sensor, the micro hydraulic pump (2), and the micro resistance heating wire (14).

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