Perennial root sugarcane high-yield cultivation method based on integration of water and fertilizer

Abstract

The invention discloses a perennial root sugarcane high-yield cultivation method based on integration of water and fertilizer, and belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, after harvesting sugarcanes, picking up residual mulching films and drip irrigation belts in a sugarcane field, and carrying out recovery treatment; s2, 10 days after the sugarcane is cut and harvested, residual sugarcane leaf tips are subjected to field returning treatment; s3, carrying out ridge breaking, soil loosening and ridging on the ratoon sugarcanes, and then carrying out ratoon sugarcane drip irrigation tape laying and plastic film covering; s4, paving an earth surface irrigation pipeline and a drip irrigation belt, and performing water and fertilizer management by adopting a water and fertilizer integrated technical measure; s5, selecting a 120-horsepower tractor to hang a soil throwing type cultivator-hiller to perform cultivator-hilling when the main stem begins to be jointed during growth, wherein the hilling height is 15-20 cm; s6, carrying out prevention and control management on diseases, pests, rats and weeds; and S7, harvesting the sugarcanes. The problem that the yield of traditional ratoon sugarcanes is not high is solved through selection of the number of effective stems per mu of the sugarcanes, a sugarcane leaf tip returning method, a harvesting method and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for cultivating sugarcane, and particularly to a high-yield cultivation method for ratoon sugarcane based on integrated water and fertilizer management. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is suitable for planting in places with fertile soil, sufficient sunlight, and large temperature differences between winter and summer. Sugarcane is a temperate and tropical crop, which is the raw material for making sucrose and can be refined into ethanol as an energy substitute. During the sugarcane planting process, the most important thing is to ensure the germination rate. During the growth process, temperature and sunlight are also very important.

[0003] Ratoon sugarcane refers to the sugarcane that, after being harvested, the stubble left in the soil is managed for production and germinates again to form a complete plant. Based on the advantages of convenient production management and low cost of ratoon sugarcane, the ratoon age of sugarcane planting in China is generally 2 years at present. Planting and managing ratoon sugarcane well, increasing the number of effective stems and sugarcane yield, will help to extend the ratoon age of sugarcane and improve the economic benefits of sugarcane planting, ensuring the healthy development of the sugar industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the problem of low yield of ratoon sugarcane, the present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for ratoon sugarcane based on integrated water and fertilizer management, including the steps:

[0005] S1: After sugarcane is harvested, pick up and recycle the residual plastic film and drip irrigation tape in the sugarcane field.

[0006] S2: 10 days after sugarcane is cut and harvested, select a tractor and a sugarcane leaf shredder with a wheelbase and crushing width that meet the planting row spacing and matching power to carry out mechanical shredding and returning of sugarcane leaves to the field.

[0007] S3: Use a ridging and stubble-flattening machine to ridge, loosen the soil and hill up the ratoon sugarcane to keep the sugarcane field flat; then lay the drip irrigation tape and cover the plastic film for the ratoon sugarcane.

[0008] S4: Carry out the laying of surface irrigation pipelines and drip irrigation tapes, and adopt technical measures of integrated water and fertilizer management for daily water and fertilizer management.

[0009] S5: When the main stem begins to joint during growth, select a 120-horsepower tractor to suspend a soil-throwing type intertillage and hilling machine for intertillage and hilling, and the hilling height is 15 cm - 20 cm.

[0010] S6: Carry out the prevention and control management of diseases, insects, rats and weeds. According to the growth characteristics of sugarcane and the high-incidence period of pest damage, spray pesticides twice on the sugarcane for pest control; spray once for soil sealing before emergence, and spray chemical pesticides on the sugarcane field, especially on the weeds between sugarcane plants after intertillage and hilling for weed control; use rodenticides stipulated by the state in the later stage of sugarcane growth, prepare poisoned baits and carry out 1 - 2 times of rodent poisoning.

[0011] S7: Harvest the sugarcane, retrieve all the above-ground branch pipes laid in the field and place them at the edge of the field, then harvest the sugarcane manually or mechanically.

[0012] Further, in step S2, for the sugarcane fields harvested mechanically, if the sugarcane leaves are relatively fine and broken, there is no need to pulverize them; for the sugarcane fields harvested manually, the sugarcane leaves and leaf tips should be scattered and thinned manually or mechanically, and then mechanically pulverized and returned to the field.

[0013] Further, in step S2, the length of the pulverized sugarcane leaves and leaf tips ≤ 10 cm; the crushed leaf rate ≥ 80%, the sugarcane leaf fragments are evenly spread, the stubble injury rate of the ratoon cane ≤ 5%, and the percentage of the mass of the missed cut sugarcane leaves in the total mass to be cut ≤ 5%.

[0014] Further, in step S3, select new or ratoon sugarcane fields with more than 4,500 effective stalks per mu in the previous season of sugarcane, evenly distributed, few broken ridges, and no serious pests and diseases as ratoon cane fields.

[0015] Further, the diameter of the irrigation pipeline is 75 mm; the drip irrigation tape uses a patch-type drip irrigation tape with a pore diameter of 16 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm, the drip hole spacing is 20 - 30 cm, the rated flow rate is 2.0 L / h - 3.0 L / h, and the drip irrigation tape is laid between the sugarcane planting rows.

[0016] Further, the insect-proof drug is chlorantraniliprole or thiamethoxam; the herbicide is mesotrione or atrazine.

[0017] Further, the dosage of the insect-proof drug per hectare is 450 - 600 grams.

[0018] Further, in step S7, when harvesting sugarcane mechanically, select a sugarcane harvesting machine with an appropriate power and sharp cutting blades to harvest sugarcane; when harvesting sugarcane manually, select a sharp machete or hoe to harvest sugarcane.

[0019] Further, when harvesting, cut the sugarcane at a position 2 cm - 3 cm below the ground surface of the sugarcane.

[0020] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0021] The present invention solves the problem of low yield of traditional ratoon sugarcane through the selection of the number of effective stalks per mu of sugarcane, the method of returning sugarcane to the field, and the harvesting method, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 A flowchart of a high-yield cultivation method for ratoon sugarcane based on integrated water and fertilizer provided by the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0024] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form can also include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or their combinations.

[0026] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangements, numerical expressions, and numerical values of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. At the same time, it should be understood that, for the convenience of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn in actual proportional relationships. Technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technologies, methods, and devices should be regarded as part of the authorized specification. In all the examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters indicate similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0027] See Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for ratoon sugarcane based on integrated water and fertilizer, including the steps of:

[0028] S1: After the sugarcane is harvested, it is necessary to promptly pick up and clean the residual plastic film and drip irrigation tape in the sugarcane field and conduct recycling treatment;

[0029] S2: About 10 days after the sugarcane is cut and harvested, after the leaf tips in the field are sun-dried, select a tractor and a sugarcane leaf shredder with a wheelbase and shredding width that meet the planting row spacing and matching power;

[0030] S3: After the sugarcane leaves are shredded and returned to the field, use a ridging and stubble leveling machine to promptly ridging, loosen the soil, and ridge the ratoon sugarcane to keep the sugarcane field flat, and then the drip irrigation tape for ratoon sugarcane can be laid and the plastic film can be covered;

[0031] S4: After ridge breaking and cropping, surface irrigation pipes and drip tapes are laid. Surface irrigation pipes are laid directly on the ground, using 75mm diameter water supply pipes. They are laid according to the size and shape of the field plots. The pipes are perpendicular to the sugarcane planting rows and arranged in a "Feng" shape or "comb" shape with the drip tapes. The drip tapes use patch-type drip tapes with a hole diameter of 16mm and a thickness of 0.2mm. The drip hole spacing is 20-30cm, and the rated flow rate is 2.0L / h~3.0L / h. The drip tapes are laid between the sugarcane planting rows. Water and fertilizer integrated technical measures are used for daily water and fertilizer management. The quantity, time and method of water and fertilizer drip application are implemented in accordance with regulations.

[0032] S5: When the main stem begins to grow and joint, a 120-horsepower tractor-mounted soil-throwing machine is used for soil cultivation, and the soil-throwing height is 15cm-20cm;

[0033] S6: Prevention and control of diseases, insects, rodents and weeds. According to the characteristics of sugarcane growth and the high incidence period of pest damage, the pesticide is generally dripped twice. Chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam can be used, and the dosage per hectare is 450-600 grams per hectare each time to control pests such as borers, thrips, etc.; for weed control, spray once before emergence to seal, and after inter-cultivation and soiling, spray chemical pesticides on the sugarcane field, especially the weeds between the sugarcane plants, to prevent and control, such as mesotrione and atrazine; in the late stage of sugarcane growth, use the rodenticide pesticides specified by the state, and prepare poison baits for 1-2 times of poisoning and rodent control.

[0034] S7: Before harvesting sugarcane, all the above-ground branches laid in the field must be recovered and placed at the edge of the field. Manual harvesting uses a quick hoe to cut low, 2cm to 3cm into the soil, and the sugarcane piles are not exposed. During mechanical harvesting, the harvester and field transfer vehicle should enter and exit from the mechanized farming roads at both ends of the sugarcane field, drive along the sugarcane row furrows, and must not cross the furrows to crush the sugarcane stumps. When cutting, 2cm to 3cm into the soil, the qualified rate of cutting height ≥90%, the rate of perennial root head breakage ≤10%, the qualified rate of stem segments ≥92.5%, the impurity rate ≤10%, and the total loss rate ≤5%.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment, in step S2, for sugarcane fields harvested mechanically, if the sugarcane leaves are relatively fine, they do not need to be crushed; for sugarcane fields harvested manually, the sugarcane leaves and leaf tips should be spread thinly by hand or machine, and then crushed mechanically and returned to the field.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the length of the crushed sugarcane leaves and leaf tips is ≤10 cm; the crushing rate is ≥80%, the sugarcane leaf fragments are evenly spread, the perennial root stubble rate is ≤5%, and the percentage of the mass of sugarcane leaves that are not cut to the total mass to be cut is ≤5%.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment, in step S3, newly planted or perennial sugarcane fields with more than 4,500 effective stems per mu of sugarcane in the previous season, uniform distribution, few broken ridges, and no serious diseases and insect pests are selected to be retained as perennial roots.

[0038] As an optimization, in step S7, a sugarcane harvesting machine with a suitable power and a sharp cutting blade is selected. If manual harvesting is adopted, a sharp machete or small hoe should be selected, and when harvesting, cut at ground level or 2 cm - 3 cm below the ground.

[0039] Explanation of technical terms in the present invention:

[0040] Sugarcane stubble: The general term for the sugarcane stalks, buds, roots, and old seed stalks left after sugarcane harvesting.

[0041] Loosening the stubble: Plow the soil on both sides of the sugarcane ridge (furrow) into the ditch, and then loosen the soil around the sugarcane stubble and between the sugarcane stumps (heads) to fully expose the sugarcane stumps on the surface soil.

[0042] Breaking the ridge and leveling the stubble: After harvesting the previous season's sugarcane, cut the overly long sugarcane stumps flush with the soil and dig trenches on both sides of the sugarcane roots.

[0043] Integrated water and fertilizer management: A cultivation method that combines irrigation water with soluble solid or liquid fertilizers through an irrigation system, and supplies the crops with nutrients evenly, regularly, and quantitatively according to the fertilizer requirements of the crops through controllable pipelines.

[0044] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-yield cultivation method for perennial sugarcane based on water-fertilizer integration, characterized in that: Includes steps: S1: After the sugarcane is harvested, the mulch film and drip irrigation tape left in the sugarcane field are cleaned up and recycled; S2: 10 days after the sugarcane is harvested, a tractor and a sugarcane leaf crushing and returning machine with wheel spacing and crushing width that meet the planting row spacing and matching power are selected to mechanically crush the sugarcane leaves and return them to the field; S3: Use a ridge-breaking and stubble-leveling machine to break ridges and loosen the soil for perennial sugarcane to keep the sugarcane field flat; then lay drip irrigation belts for perennial sugarcane and cover the ground with mulch film; S4: Lay surface irrigation pipes and drip irrigation tapes, and adopt water-fertilizer integrated technical measures for daily water and fertilizer management; S5: When the main stem begins to grow and joint, a 120-horsepower tractor-mounted soil-throwing machine is used for soil cultivation, and the soil-throwing height is 15cm-20cm; S6: Carry out prevention and control of diseases, insects, rodents and weeds. According to the growth characteristics of sugarcane and the high incidence period of pests, the sugarcane is sprayed twice for pest control; spray once before seedlings emerge, and spray chemical pesticides on the sugarcane fields, especially the weeds between the sugarcane plants, after tillage and soiling; use the rodenticide pesticides specified by the state in the late stage of sugarcane growth, and prepare poison bait for 1-2 times of poisoning and rodent control; S7: Harvest sugarcane, recycle all the above-ground branch pipes laid in the field and place them at the edge of the field, and then harvest the sugarcane manually or mechanically.

2. The high-yield perennial sugarcane cultivation method based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, for sugarcane fields harvested mechanically, if the sugarcane leaves are relatively fine, they do not need to be crushed; for sugarcane fields harvested manually, the sugarcane leaves and leaf tips should be spread thinly by hand or machine, and then crushed mechanically and returned to the field.

3. The high-yield cultivation method for perennial sugarcane based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the length of the crushed sugarcane leaves and leaf tips is ≤10 cm; the crushing rate is ≥80%, the sugarcane leaf fragments are spread evenly, the perennial root stubble rate is ≤5%, and the percentage of the mass of sugarcane leaves that are not cut to the total mass that should be cut is ≤5%.

4. The high-yield perennial sugarcane cultivation method based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, newly planted or perennial sugarcane fields with more than 4,500 effective stems per mu of sugarcane in the previous season, uniform distribution, few broken ridges, and no serious diseases and insect pests are selected for perennial cultivation management.

5. The high-yield cultivation method for perennial sugarcane based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the diameter of the irrigation pipe is 75 mm; the drip irrigation tape uses a patch-type drip irrigation tape with a hole diameter of 16 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm, a drip hole spacing of 20-30 cm, a rated flow rate of 2.0 L / h to 3.0 L / h, and the drip irrigation tape is laid between the sugarcane planting rows.

6. The high-yield cultivation method for perennial sugarcane based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the insect repellent is chlorantraniliprole or thiamethoxam; the release agent is mesotrione or atrazine.

7. The high-yield perennial sugarcane cultivation method based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The dosage of insect repellent per hectare is 450 to 600 grams.

8. The high-yield cultivation method for perennial sugarcane based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the sugarcane is harvested mechanically, and a sugarcane harvesting machine with suitable power and sharp cutting blades is selected for sugarcane harvesting; the sugarcane is harvested manually, and a sharp machete or hoe is selected for sugarcane harvesting.

9. The high-yield cultivation method for perennial sugarcane based on water-fertilizer integration according to claim 5, characterized in that: When harvesting, the sugarcane is cut from 2cm-3cm into the soil.

Images