Sander and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a sander and a control method thereof, and relates to the field of sanders, the sander comprises a sanding body mounted on a sand box and a blowing head arranged in an inner cavity of the sanding body and used for guiding quicksand, the sanding body is provided with a sand filling chamber, the sand filling chamber is provided with a sand inlet and a sand outlet, and the blowing head is arranged in the inner cavity of the sanding body and used for guiding quicksand. The sand filling device further comprises an extension air pipe installed on the air blowing head, the extension air pipe is located in the sand filling cavity, and the extension air pipe is provided with a vent groove communicated with the air hole of the air blowing head. By means of the structure, sand grains are not prone to entering the air hole of the blowing head, the air hole is prevented from being blocked by the sand grains, and the safety of a vehicle during braking is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of sand spreaders, and more particularly to a sand spreader and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Sand spreaders are mainly used on railway locomotives and vehicles. When the vehicle brakes, the sand spreader sprays sand on the railway guide rail to increase friction and reduce the braking distance.

[0003] A sand spreader generally includes a sand spreading body mounted on a sand box and a blowing head disposed in the inner cavity of the sand spreading body. The sand spreading body has a sand filling chamber, and the sand filling chamber has a sand inlet for sand grains to enter and a sand outlet for sand grains to be ejected. The blowing head extends into the sand filling chamber to guide the sand grains out of the sand spreading body. When the sand grains pass through the sand filling chamber and are blown by the blowing head, they will collide irregularly. The sand grains may fly into the blowing head, resulting in the blockage of the air holes. The flowing sand loses power, making the sand spreader unable to spray sand, which will cause inestimable safety hazards in vehicle braking. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to prevent sand grains from easily entering the blowing head and improve the safety of the sand spreader, the present invention provides a sand spreader and a control method thereof.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a sand spreader, adopting the following technical solution:

[0006] A sand spreader includes a sand spreading body mounted on a sand box and a blowing head disposed in the inner cavity of the sand spreading body for guiding flowing sand. The sand spreading body has a sand filling chamber, and the sand filling chamber has a sand inlet and a sand outlet. The sand spreader further includes an extended air duct mounted on the blowing head. The extended air duct is located in the sand filling chamber, and the extended air duct has an air vent groove communicating with the air holes of the blowing head.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, an extended air duct is mounted on the blowing head. The air vent groove of the extended air duct can extend the air holes of the blowing head, so that even if the sand grains enter the air vent groove, they are not likely to directly enter the air holes of the blowing head, but fall off after hitting the inner wall of the air vent groove, thereby avoiding the blockage of the air holes by the sand grains and improving the safety during vehicle braking.

[0008] Optionally, a partition is provided in the sand filling chamber. The partition divides the sand filling chamber into a sand inlet passage for flowing sand to enter and flow through and a sand outlet passage for flowing sand to be ejected. The sand outlet passage communicates with the tail of the sand inlet passage. The partition is vertically arranged, and the sand outlet passage and the sand inlet passage form a zigzag structure.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, after the sand grains enter the sand inlet passage from the sand inlet, due to the blocking of the partition, the sand grains will not directly leave from the sand outlet, but the sand discharge amount of the sand grains can be controlled.

[0010] Optionally, the number of the air blowing heads is two, including a sand turning air head disposed in the sand inlet channel and used for blowing the flowing sand in the sand inlet channel into the sand outlet channel, and a sand outlet air head disposed in the sand outlet channel and used for blowing the flowing sand floating into the sand outlet channel out of the sand outlet.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, when the sand turning air head blows air on the sand grains in the sand inlet channel, the sand grains in the sand inlet channel can be lifted. When the sand outlet air head blows air on the sand outlet channel, a negative pressure is formed in the sand outlet channel, and the sand grains lifted in the sand inlet channel can be sucked into the sand outlet channel and blown out of the sand outlet. At this time, by changing the parameters of the sand turning air head and the sand outlet air head, the sand grains can be effectively controlled to be ejected, which is relatively convenient.

[0012] Optionally, the extension air duct on the sand outlet air head extends below the plane where the top of the partition plate is located; the extension air duct on the sand turning air head is located above the plane where the top of the partition plate is located.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the length of the extension air duct on the sand turning air head is shorter, so that there are more cavities in the sand inlet channel for the sand turning air head to blow air on the sand grains to lift them, and the length of the extension air duct on the sand outlet air head is longer, so that the sand grains lifted in the sand inlet channel and crossing the partition plate are not easily introduced into the sand outlet air head, thus ensuring the normal operation and jetting of the sand outlet air head.

[0014] Optionally, the extension air duct on the sand outlet air head is directly opposite to the sand outlet.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the air ejected by the sand outlet air head can directly leave from the sand outlet, and it is not easy to form a turbulent flow in the sand outlet channel, so that the sand grains can enter the sand outlet channel through negative pressure and be ejected from the sand outlet along with the air flow.

[0016] Optionally, the sand inlet channel is provided with an operation opening penetrating to the outside of the sand spreading body, and the sand turning air head is directly opposite to the operation opening.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the operation opening is usually closed. When the sand turning air head and the extension air duct are abnormal, the operation opening can be opened, so as to facilitate the treatment of the sand turning air head and the extension air duct.

[0018] Optionally, the inner diameter of the ventilation groove is larger than the inner diameter of the air hole of the air blowing head.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, by setting the inner diameter of the ventilation groove to be larger, even if sand grains enter the ventilation groove, they can fall out of the ventilation groove after hitting the inner wall of the ventilation groove, and it is not easy to be stuck in the ventilation groove, and the probability of directly blocking the air hole of the air blowing head is relatively low, thus ensuring the normal air blowing of the air blowing head.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present application provides a control method for a sand spreading device, adopting the following technical solution:

[0021] A control method for a sand spreading device, used to control any of the above sand spreading devices, includes:

[0022] Obtain the image information of the track surface during vehicle operation and the running speed of the vehicle;

[0023] Determine whether there is water accumulation or freezing on the track surface according to the track surface image information and the preset water accumulation and freezing characteristics;

[0024] Based on the absence of water accumulation and freezing, control the sand spreading device to spray sand onto the track surface at a preset reference sand blowing speed;

[0025] Based on the presence of water accumulation and freezing, match the real-time sand blowing speed of the corresponding sand spreading device according to the running speed;

[0026] Control the sand spreading device to spray sand onto the track surface according to the real-time sand blowing speed, and determine the braking acceleration according to the running speed and the preset unit time;

[0027] Based on the braking acceleration being greater than the preset reference acceleration, control the sand spreading device to reduce the real-time sand blowing speed to the reference sand blowing speed.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, in the case of low temperature and humidity, if there is freezing or water accumulation on the track surface, the system can detect the situation of the track surface, thereby adjusting the sand spraying parameters of the sand spreading device in real time, enabling the vehicle braking to adapt to the freezing and water accumulation situation and brake normally, improving the safety of vehicle braking.

[0029] Optionally, the control method for controlling the blowing head to achieve the real-time sand blowing speed includes:

[0030] Determine the required sand blowing amount of the sand grains ejected from the sand outlet within the unit time according to the real-time sand blowing speed;

[0031] Match the sand outlet length value of the extension air duct on the sand outlet air head according to the required sand blowing amount;

[0032] Determine the real-time total sand turning amount of the sand turning air head according to the required sand blowing amount and the preset residual amount;

[0033] Match the sand turning length value of the extension air duct on the sand turning air head according to the real-time total sand turning amount;

[0034] Match the sand outlet jet power of the sand outlet air head according to the running speed of the vehicle;

[0035] Determine the sand turning jet power of the sand turning air head according to the sand outlet jet power and the preset negative pressure difference;

[0036] Control the extension air duct on the sand casting air head to extend into the sand inlet channel according to the sand casting length value, and control the sand casting air head to blow air according to the sand casting jet power. Control the extension air duct on the sand discharging air head to extend into the sand discharging channel according to the sand discharging length value, and control the sand discharging air head to blow air according to the sand discharging jet power.

[0037] Optionally, in low-temperature and humid weather, the sand grains are wet and sticky, which affects the real-time sand blowing speed. The treatment method for wet sand grains includes:

[0038] Obtain the humidity value of the sand grains in the sand inlet channel;

[0039] Based on the humidity value of the sand grains being greater than the preset reference humidity, open the operation port, and control the sand casting air head to blow the sand grains into the circulating dehumidification pipe preset at the operation port with the preset dehumidification jet power. The sand grains move around the circulating dehumidification pipe and return to the sand inlet channel and then cross over into the sand discharging channel;

[0040] Match the heating power of the circulating dehumidification pipe according to the humidity value of the sand grains;

[0041] Control the circulating dehumidification pipe to heat the sand grains entering it according to the heating power, and obtain the sand grain image information when the sand grains pass through the operation port;

[0042] Determine the sand grain bonding diameter according to the sand grain image information and the preset reference sand grain characteristics;

[0043] Based on the sand grain bonding diameter being greater than the preset allowable sand grain diameter, control the blocking pieces preset on the inner wall of the circulating dehumidification pipe to unfold according to the preset unfolded area to scatter the bonded sand grains.

[0044] By adopting the above technical solutions, in humid and freezing weather, the system can detect the humidity of the sand grains in the sand spreader, judge whether the sand grains will bond due to humidity. When bonding occurs, the system can open the operation port, and blow the sand grains into the circulating dehumidification pipe through the sand casting air head for heating, dehumidifying and breaking, so that the bonded sand grains are not likely to block the air blowing head, enabling the air blowing head to blow air normally, thereby improving the safety of vehicle braking.

[0045] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0046] 1. Install an extension air duct on the air blowing head. The ventilation slot of the extension air duct can extend the air holes of the air blowing head, so that even if the sand grains enter the ventilation slot, they are not likely to directly enter the air holes of the air blowing head, but fall off after hitting the inner wall of the ventilation slot, thus avoiding the blockage of the air holes by the sand grains and improving the safety during vehicle braking;

[0047] 2. In the case of low temperature and humidity, if ice or water accumulates on the track surface, the system can detect the condition of the track surface, and thus adjust the sand-blasting parameters of the sand spreader in real time, enabling the vehicle braking to adapt to the ice and water accumulation conditions and brake normally, improving the safety of vehicle braking;

[0048] 3. In wet and frozen weather, the system can detect the humidity of the sand grains in the sand spreader, determine whether the sand grains will stick due to humidity. When sticking occurs, the system can open the operation port, and blow the sand grains into the circulating dehumidification pipe through the sand-turning air head for heating, dehumidifying and breaking, so that the stuck sand grains are not likely to block the air blowing head, enabling the air blowing head to blow air normally, thereby improving the safety of vehicle braking. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0049] Figure 1 is an overall cross-sectional view of a sand spreader according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 is a flowchart of a control method of a sand spreader according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 is a flowchart of a control method for the parameters of the air blowing head according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 is a flowchart of a processing method for wet sand grains according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] The names of the parts referred to by the above numerals in the drawings are as follows: 1, sand spreading body; 2, air blowing head; 21, sand discharging air head; 22, sand turning air head; 3, sand filling chamber; 31, sand inlet channel; 32, sand outlet channel; 4, sand inlet; 5, sand outlet; 6, partition board; 7, extended air duct; 71, ventilation slot; 8, operation port; 9, sand cleaning port. Detailed Embodiments

[0054] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0055] The embodiments of the present application disclose a sand spreader.

[0056] Referring to Figure 1 , a sand spreader includes a sand spreading body 1 and an air blowing head 2. The sand spreading body 1 is usually arranged at the bottom of the sand box and connected to the sand box for the sand grains in the sand box to pass through and fall on the track. The air blowing head 2 is used to blow air on the sand grains entering the sand spreading body 1 to give the sand grains the power to leave the sand spreading body 1.

[0057] The sand-spreading body 1 has a sand-filling chamber 3 inside, and both ends of the sand-filling chamber 3 pass through the sand-spreading body 1 , one end of which is a sand inlet 4 for supplying sand grains into the sand-filling chamber 3 , and the other end of which is a sand outlet 5 for blowing sand grains out of the sand-filling chamber 3 .

[0058] In this embodiment, a partition 6 is provided in the sand filling chamber 3, so that the partition 6 in the sand filling chamber 3 is divided into a sand inlet channel 31 and a sand outlet channel 32. The sand inlet channel 31 is connected to the sand inlet port 4, and one end of the sand outlet channel 32 is connected to the tail of the sand inlet channel 31, and the other end is connected to the sand outlet port 5. In addition, since the partition 6 is vertically arranged in the sand filling chamber 3, the sand inlet channel 31 and the sand outlet channel 32 form a U-shaped channel structure.

[0059] There are two air blowing heads 2, including a sand discharge air head 21 and a sand reshaping air head 22. The sand reshaping air head 22 is arranged in the sand inlet channel 31, and the sand discharge air head 21 is arranged in the sand outlet channel 32. When the sand reshaping air head 22 blows air to the sand grains in the sand inlet channel 31, the sand grains in the sand inlet channel 31 can be lifted up. When the sand discharge air head 21 blows air to the sand outlet channel 32, a negative pressure is formed in the sand outlet channel 32, and the sand grains lifted up in the sand inlet channel 31 can be sucked into the sand outlet channel 32 and blown out from the sand outlet 5.

[0060] Furthermore, in order to prevent sand particles from entering the air holes of the air blowing head 2, the sanding air head 22 and the sanding air head 21 are both provided with an extended air duct 7, and the extended air duct 7 has a ventilation groove 71 connected to the air holes of the air blowing head 2, so that the air outlet channel of the air blowing head 2 can be extended. In addition, the inner diameter of the extended air duct 7 is larger than the inner diameter of the air holes of the air blowing head 2, and even if sand particles enter the ventilation groove 71, they can fall out of the ventilation groove 71 after hitting the inner wall of the ventilation groove 71, and are not easy to get stuck in the ventilation groove 71, and the probability of directly getting stuck in the air hole of the air blowing head 2 is low.

[0061] In order to facilitate the replacement and sand cleaning of the sand-forming air head 22 , an operation port 8 is opened in the sand inlet channel 31 . The operation port 8 extends to the outside of the sand spreader, and the sand-forming air head 22 is directly opposite to the operation port 8 .

[0062] In this embodiment, the extended air duct 7 on the sand-forming air head 22 is shorter and is located above the plane where the top of the partition 6 is located, so that there are more cavities in the sand-inlet channel 31 for the sand-forming air head 22 to blow air on the sand grains to lift them up. The extended air duct 7 on the sand-exiting air head 21 is longer and is located below the plane where the top of the partition 6 is located, so that the sand grains lifted up in the sand-inlet channel 31 and over the partition 6 are not easy to enter the sand-exiting air head 21.

[0063] Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for a sand spreader.

[0064] A control method for a sand spreader comprises the following steps:

[0065] Step S100: Obtain the image information of the track surface during vehicle operation and the running speed of the vehicle.

[0066] The image information of the track surface refers to the image of the track surface obtained by a camera installed under the vehicle during vehicle operation. There may be foreign objects on the track surface, which can be identified through the image information of the track surface.

[0067] The running speed refers to the real-time speed of the vehicle during braking, and the running speed can be directly obtained through the vehicle system.

[0068] Step S101: Determine whether there is water accumulation or freezing on the track surface according to the image information of the track surface and the preset water accumulation and freezing characteristics.

[0069] The water accumulation and freezing characteristics refer to the accumulated water or ice on the track surface in low-temperature and humid weather. The water accumulation and freezing characteristics will reduce the friction coefficient of the track surface, thus affecting the normal braking of the vehicle.

[0070] By obtaining the image information of the track surface through the camera and identifying and analyzing the image information of the track surface and the water accumulation and freezing characteristics, it is possible to determine whether there are water accumulation and freezing characteristics on the track surface.

[0071] Step S1021: Based on the absence of water accumulation and freezing, control the sand spreader to blast sand on the track surface at a preset reference sand-blasting speed.

[0072] If there are no water accumulation and freezing characteristics, the friction coefficient of the track surface is normal, and the vehicle can brake by normal braking methods. At this time, the sand spreader only needs to blast sand on the track surface according to the reference sand-blasting speed to assist the vehicle in braking. The reference sand-blasting speed is the sand-blasting speed set by technicians for the sand spreader to assist in sand-blasting on the track surface during normal braking of the vehicle, which will not be elaborated here.

[0073] Step S1022: Based on the presence of water accumulation and freezing, match the real-time sand-blasting speed of the corresponding sand spreader according to the running speed.

[0074] If there are water accumulation and freezing characteristics, at this time, due to the reduction of the friction coefficient of the track surface, the braking effect of the vehicle is reduced, and it is necessary to change the parameters of the sand spreader to assist the vehicle in safe braking. The parameters of the sand spreader are the parameters of the air nozzle 2.

[0075] The real-time sand-blasting speed refers to the amount of sand grains ejected by the sand spreader on the track per unit time during sand-blasting. The real-time sand-blasting speed is related to the matching with the running speed. The real-time sand-blasting speed can be obtained through the running speed. The matching method between the two will not be elaborated here and will be introduced in detail in the subsequent embodiments.

[0076] Step S10221: Control the sand spreader to blast sand on the track surface according to the real-time sandblasting speed, and determine the braking acceleration based on the running speed and the preset unit time.

[0077] The braking acceleration refers to the reduction amount of the running speed per unit time when the vehicle brakes. The braking acceleration can be calculated through the running speed and the unit time. The running speed of the vehicle is obtained respectively within the unit time, and then calculated based on the running speeds before and after.

[0078] Control the sand spreader to blast sand on the track according to the real-time sandblasting speed, and then collect vehicle parameters to determine that the vehicle can brake normally.

[0079] Step S10222: Based on the braking acceleration being greater than the preset reference acceleration, control the sand spreader to reduce the real-time sandblasting speed to the reference sandblasting speed.

[0080] The reference acceleration is the acceleration of the vehicle set by technicians during normal braking. If the acceleration of the vehicle during braking is less than the reference acceleration, it indicates that the braking effect of the vehicle is poor and it cannot brake effectively, and measures need to be taken for auxiliary braking. On the contrary, it indicates that it can brake normally.

[0081] When the braking acceleration is greater than the reference acceleration, it indicates that after the vehicle is assisted by the sand spreader, the vehicle can already brake normally. At this time, reduce the real-time sandblasting speed of the sand spreader to the reference sandblasting speed, and the sand spreader performs auxiliary sandblasting at the normal reference sandblasting speed, so that the vehicle finally brakes normally.

[0082] The method for controlling the parameters of the air blowing head 2 to achieve the real-time sandblasting speed control includes the following steps:

[0083] Step S200: Determine the required sandblasting amount of the sand grains ejected from the sand outlet 5 per unit time according to the real-time sandblasting speed.

[0084] The required sandblasting amount refers to the amount of sand grains that need to pass through the sand outlet channel 32 per unit time to enable the sand spreader to perform sandblasting at the real-time sandblasting speed. The required sandblasting amount is related to the real-time sandblasting speed, and it is the product of the real-time sandblasting speed and the unit time.

[0085] Step S201: Match the sand outlet length value of the extension air duct 7 on the sand and air head 21 according to the required sandblasting amount.

[0086] The sand outlet length value refers to the length value of the extension air duct 7 on the sand and air head 21 extending into the sand outlet channel 32. The shorter the length of the extension air duct 7 on the sand and air head 21 extending into the sand outlet channel 32, the more sand grains can be guided and blown out per unit time. Therefore, the two are inversely proportional, and the required sandblasting amount is inversely proportional to the sand outlet length value.

[0087] Step S202: determining the total real-time sand blowing amount of the sand blowing air head 22 according to the required sand blowing amount and the preset residual amount.

[0088] When the sand-turning air head 22 blows air to the sand in the sand inlet channel 31, a portion of the sand can cross over and enter the sand outlet channel 32 to be blown away, while the other portion remains in the sand outlet channel 32. The sand remaining in the sand outlet channel 32 is the residual amount. After testing, it was determined that the residual amount is basically fixed and is a reference value set by the technicians, which will not be described in detail here.

[0089] The total amount of sand in real time refers to the total amount of sand in the sand inlet channel 31 that needs to be blown to the sand blowing head 22. The total amount of sand in real time is the sum of the required sand blowing amount and the residual amount.

[0090] Step S203: Matching the sand casting length value of the extended air duct 7 on the sand casting air head 22 according to the real-time sand casting total amount.

[0091] The sand-turning length value refers to the length of the extended air duct 7 on the sand-turning air head 22 extending into the sand inlet channel 31. The shorter the length of the extended air duct 7, the larger the cavity for the sand-turning air head 22 to blow air to the sand particles, and the larger the total amount of real-time sand-turning. Therefore, the total amount of real-time sand-turning is inversely proportional to the sand-turning length value and the total amount of sand-turning implemented.

[0092] Step S204: matching the sand ejection jet power of the sand ejection air head 21 according to the running speed of the vehicle.

[0093] The sand jet power refers to the airflow power of the sand outlet 5 sprayed by the sand outlet head 21. In order to make the sand particles sprayed from the sand outlet 5 fall directly under the wheel during braking and take effect, the sand jet power is related to and proportional to the running speed of the vehicle. The higher the vehicle running speed, the higher the sand jet power.

[0094] Step S205: determining the sand jet power of the sand casting air head 22 according to the sand jet power and the preset negative pressure difference.

[0095] In order to form a negative pressure in the sand outlet channel 32 so that the sand in the sand inlet channel 31 can be squeezed into the sand outlet channel 32 by the negative pressure, there needs to be a pressure difference between the air in the sand outlet channel 32 and the air in the sand inlet channel 31. This pressurization is the negative pressure difference. The negative pressure difference is a reference value set by the technicians and will not be described here. The sand jet power is the difference between the sand outlet jet power and the negative pressure difference.

[0096] Step S206: According to the sand casting length value, the extended air duct 7 on the sand casting air head 22 is controlled to extend into the sand inlet channel 31 and the sand casting air head 22 is controlled to spray with the sand casting jet power; according to the sand output length value, the extended air duct 7 on the sand casting air head is controlled to extend into the sand output channel 32 and the sand output air head 21 is controlled to spray with the sand output jet power.

[0097] Set the sand discharging air head 21 and the sand turning air head 22 according to the obtained sand turning length value, sand turning jet power, sand discharging length value, and sand discharging jet power parameters, so that the sand spreader can blow air at the real-time sand blowing speed.

[0098] In low-temperature and humid weather, the sand grains are wet and sticky, which affects the real-time sand blowing speed. The treatment method for wet sand grains includes the following steps:

[0099] Step S300: Obtain the humidity value of the sand grains in the sand inlet channel 31.

[0100] The humidity value of the sand grains refers to the humidity of the sand grains entering the sand inlet channel 31 from the sand box. The sand grains may be wet in humid weather. The humidity value of the sand grains is collected and obtained by a humidity sensor set in the sand spreader.

[0101] Step S301: Based on the humidity value of the sand grains being greater than the preset reference humidity, open the operation port 8, and control the sand turning air head 22 to blow the sand grains into the circulating dehumidification pipe preset at the operation port 8 at the preset dehumidification jet power. The sand grains move around the circulating dehumidification pipe and return to the sand inlet channel 31 and then cross over into the sand discharging channel 32.

[0102] The reference humidity is a reference value set by technicians to measure whether the humidity of the sand grains will affect the normal use of the sand spreader, which will not be elaborated here. If the humidity value of the sand grains is not greater than the reference humidity, it means that the sand grains in the sand inlet channel 31 are relatively dry and can be used for normal sand spreading. If the humidity value of the sand grains is greater than the reference humidity, at this time, the sand grains may stick to each other, thus forming larger sand grain balls. The sand grain balls may cause blockage of the sand inlet channel 31 or enter the extension air duct 7 and cause blockage of the sand turning air head 22, and treatment is required.

[0103] If it is found that the humidity value of the sand grains in the sand inlet channel 31 is too high during the detection of the sand grains, in this embodiment, the system is provided with a circulating dehumidification pipe at the operation port 8. The circulating dehumidification pipe is a spiral pipe with a heating function, and the sand grains can enter from one end and leave from the other end. When the circulating dehumidification pipe is installed at the operation port 8, the sand grains can enter the circulating dehumidification pipe under the blowing of the sand turning air head 22, travel around for one week to dry, and then come out again.

[0104] The dehumidification jet power is the jet power of the sand turning air head 22 set by technicians when blowing the sand grains into the operation port 8, which will not be elaborated here.

[0105] Step S302: Match the heating power of the circulating dehumidification pipe according to the humidity value of the sand grains.

[0106] The heating power refers to the power when the circulating dehumidification pipe dehumidifies the sand grains by heating. Increasing the heating power can raise the temperature inside the pipe. The heating power is proportional to the humidity value of the sand grains. The higher the humidity value of the sand grains, the higher the heating power.

[0107] Step S303: Control the circulating dehumidification pipe to heat the sand grains entering it according to the heating power, and obtain the sand grain image information when the sand grains pass through the operation port 8.

[0108] For wet sand grains, the sand grains can be dried by circulating around the circulating dehumidification pipe under the action of air flow and high heat, while the sand grain clusters formed by the bonding of sand grains need to be broken up. The sand grain image information refers to the image of the sand grains obtained by the camera set at the operation port 8 when the sand grains enter the operation port 8. If there are relatively large sand grain clusters in the sand grains, they can be seen from the sand grain image information.

[0109] Step S304: Determine the bonding diameter of the sand grains according to the sand grain image information and the preset reference sand grain characteristics.

[0110] The reference sand grain characteristics are the sand grains set by technicians for the normal use of the sand spreader.

[0111] The bonding diameter of the sand grains refers to the diameter of the wet sand grains entering the circulating dehumidification pipe.

[0112] By comparing the sand grain image information with the reference sand grain characteristics, the bonding diameter of the sand grains can be determined by means of image recognition.

[0113] Step S305: Based on the bonding diameter of the sand grains being greater than the preset allowable sand grain diameter, control the blocking pieces preset on the inner wall of the circulating dehumidification pipe to expand according to the preset expansion area to disperse the bonded sand grains.

[0114] The allowable sand grain diameter refers to the diameter of the sand grains set by technicians that will not easily affect the sand spreader, which will not be elaborated here.

[0115] In this embodiment, there are many blocking pieces provided on the inner wall of the circulating dehumidification pipe, and the blocking pieces can expand. When the sand grains impact on the blocking pieces, if the sand grains are in clusters, they can be dispersed.

[0116] If the bonding diameter of the sand grains is not greater than the allowable sand grain diameter, there is no need to adjust the blocking pieces of the circulating dehumidification pipe. If the bonding diameter of the sand grains is greater than the allowable sand grain diameter, it means that there are clustered sand grains entering the circulating dehumidification pipe. At this time, expand the blocking pieces to the size of the expansion area. The expansion area is the standard area that can be expanded by the blocking pieces set by technicians, which will not be elaborated here.

[0117] The wet sand grains are prone to agglomeration and block the sand inlet channel 31. The treatment method for channel blockage includes the following steps:

[0118] In this embodiment, a sand cleaning port 9 is provided in the sand inlet passage 31, and the sand cleaning port 9 faces the sand inlet 4. A sand cleaning box is provided at the sand cleaning port 9, and the sand cleaning box can hold sand grains. A stirring device is also provided in the sand cleaning box. The stirring device has stirring blades that can extend into the sand inlet passage 31, and the blades of the stirring blades can also be telescopic.

[0119] Step S400: Determine whether there are sand grains according to the sand grain image information and the reference sand grain characteristics;

[0120] During the operation of the sand spreader, the sand grains entering the circulating dehumidification pipe are detected by the camera at the operation port 8 to determine whether there are sand grains entering the circulating dehumidification pipe. If there are always sand grains entering it, it means that the sand inlet passage 31 is not blocked. If there are no sand grains entering it after a period of time, it means that the sand inlet passage 31 may be blocked by wet sand grains.

[0121] Step S401: Based on the absence of sand grains, control the sand cleaning port 9 to open, and obtain the filling pressure value of the sand cleaning box preset at the sand cleaning port 9 after a preset sand grain falling time.

[0122] When there is no sand grain entering the operation port 8, the system will open the sand cleaning port 9. The sand grain falling time is the time set by the technician for the sand grains in the sand inlet passage 31 to fall into the sand cleaning box after the sand cleaning port 9 is opened, which will not be elaborated here.

[0123] The filling pressure value refers to the pressure received by the sand cleaning box after the sand grains fall into the sand cleaning box. At this time, it is mainly the gravity of the sand grains. The filling pressure value is obtained by a pressure sensor provided in the sand cleaning box.

[0124] After the sand cleaning port 9 is opened, it is judged whether the filling pressure value in the sand cleaning box changes, so as to determine the softness of the sand grains in the sand inlet passage 31, and whether the sand grains completely block the sand inlet passage 31 and cannot actively fall into the sand cleaning box.

[0125] Step S402: When the filling pressure value is not 0, control the preset vibration device to vibrate the sand spreader according to the preset vibration power to shake the sand blocked in the sand filling chamber 3 into the sand cleaning box.

[0126] If the filling pressure value is not 0, it means that when the sand cleaning port 9 is opened, sand grains fall into the sand cleaning box. The sand grains in the sand inlet passage 31 can actively fall into the sand cleaning box. At this time, only by vibrating the sand spreader with the vibration device can the sand grains in the sand inlet passage 31 be guided into the sand cleaning box to dredge the sand inlet passage 31. The vibration power is the power set by the technician when the vibration device vibrates the sand spreader, which will not be elaborated here.

[0127] Step S403: When the filling pressure value is 0, match the telescopic adjustment value of the stirring paddle according to the preset depth of the sand inlet channel 31, and match the blade expansion diameter of the stirring paddle according to the preset diameter of the sand cleaning port 9.

[0128] If the filling pressure value is 0, it means that the sand grains block the sand inlet channel 31 and cannot actively fall into the sand cleaning box when the sand cleaning port 9 is opened. At this time, it is necessary to use the stirring device to extend into the sand inlet channel 31 for active stirring so that the sand grains fall into the sand cleaning box.

[0129] The depth of the sand inlet channel 31 is the distance from the sand cleaning port 9 to the sand inlet 4, which is a standard parameter of the sand spreading device and will not be elaborated here. The telescopic adjustment value refers to the elongation length of the stirring paddle when it extends into the sand cleaning port 9. The depth of the sand inlet channel 31 is the maximum depth that the stirring paddle can extend into the sand inlet channel 31. The telescopic adjustment value is set according to the depth of the sand inlet channel 31, so that the stirring paddle stirs the sand while extending to the position of the depth of the sand inlet channel 31.

[0130] The blades of the stirring paddle can be expanded to adjust the diameter of the stirring paddle. The blade expansion diameter is the overall diameter when the stirring blades pass through the sand cleaning port 9. In order for the stirring paddle to pass through the sand cleaning port 9 and enter the sand inlet channel 31, the blade expansion diameter is determined according to the diameter of the sand cleaning port 9, and the diameter of the sand cleaning port 9 is consistent.

[0131] Step S404: Expand the stirring paddle of the stirring device according to the blade expansion diameter, control the rotation of the stirring paddle of the stirring device with a preset propulsion force, and extend the stirring paddle into the sand inlet channel 31 according to the telescopic adjustment value.

[0132] After determining the telescopic adjustment value and the blade expansion diameter of the stirring paddle, the stirring device controls the stirring paddle to rotate and extend into the sand inlet channel 31 at the same time. At this time, the sand grains in the sand inlet channel 31 can be rotated out of the sand cleaning port 9 and fall into the sand cleaning box.

[0133] The preset propulsion force is the force applied by the stirring device set by the technician to push the stirring paddle into the sand cleaning port 9 when clearing the blocked sand grains, which will not be elaborated here.

[0134] Step S405: Determine the maximum expansion diameter of the stirring paddle according to the preset width of the sand inlet channel 31, and control the stirring paddle to expand from the blade expansion diameter to the maximum expansion diameter for sand cleaning.

[0135] When the mixing paddle enters the sand inlet channel 31 with the blade unfolding diameter, it can only remove the sand grains within a certain range, and this certain range is based on the diameter of the sand cleaning port 9. When the mixing paddle needs to remove the remaining sand grains in the sand inlet channel 31, it is necessary to adjust the overall diameter of the mixing paddle again. At this time, the mixing paddle is adjusted to the maximum unfolding diameter. The maximum unfolding diameter is determined based on the width of the sand inlet channel 31, and the width of the sand inlet channel 31 is a standard parameter of the sand spreader, which will not be elaborated here.

[0136] After the sand grains in the sand inlet channel 31 are dredged, the system closes the sand cleaning port 9, but keeps the mixing blades rotating in the sand inlet channel 31. At this time, the mixing blades can be used as a pump to convey the wet sand grains, so that the sand grains are not easily blocked again.

[0137] The wet sand grains may adhere and block the inner wall of the extension air duct 7 of the sand turning air head 22, and it is necessary to remove the sand grains on it. The method for removing the sand grains on the inner wall of the air duct includes the following steps:

[0138] Step S500: Obtain the in-duct image information of the extension air duct 7 of the sand turning air head 22.

[0139] The in-duct image information refers to the image inside the extension air duct 7 obtained by adjusting the angle of the camera at the operation port 8 to photograph the extension air duct 7 of the sand turning air head 22.

[0140] Step S501: Determine the sand grain characteristic diameter based on the in-duct image information and the sand grain characteristics.

[0141] The sand grain characteristic diameter refers to the diameter of the sand grains in the extension air duct 7. By analyzing the in-duct image information and the sand grain characteristics through image recognition, the sand grain characteristic diameter of the sand grains therein can be determined.

[0142] Different sand grain characteristic diameters adopt different treatment methods.

[0143] Step S502: Based on the sand grain characteristic diameter being the diameter of the preset ventilation groove 71, determine the blockage depth value of the sand grain characteristics in the extension air duct 7 according to the in-duct image information.

[0144] If the sand grain characteristic diameter is equal to the diameter of the ventilation groove 71, it means that the sand grains form a mass and block the extension air duct 7. At this time, first determine the position where the mass of sand grains blocks in the extension air duct 7 according to the in-duct image information. The blockage depth value is the depth position where the mass of sand grains blocks in the extension air duct 7.

[0145] Step S503: Determine the knocking position on the outer wall of the extension air duct 7 corresponding to the blockage depth value, control the preset knocking device to extend from the operation port 8 and knock on the knocking position with a preset knocking force, and then determine whether there are sand grain features again based on the in-duct image information and the sand grain features.

[0146] The knocking position is the position on the outer wall of the extension air duct 7 corresponding to the blockage depth position. In this embodiment, first, the knocking device is extended from the operation port 8 into the sand inlet channel 31 and knocked on the knocking position, so that the agglomerated sand grains split or slide down under vibration. The preset knocking force is the force applied by the knocking device set by the technician when knocking on the outer wall of the extension air duct 7, and this knocking force is not likely to damage the extension air duct 7, which will not be elaborated here.

[0147] After knocking, determine again whether there are still sand grain features in the extension air duct 7 through the in-duct image information.

[0148] Step S504: Based on the existence of sand grain features, determine the cavity position between the sand grain features and the inner wall of the ventilation slot 71 according to the in-duct image information and the sand grain features.

[0149] If not, it means that the knocking method is effective and the blocked sand grains have been removed.

[0150] If still present, it means that the sand grains are still blocked in the extension air duct 7. The cavity position refers to the gap cavity position between the sand grains blocked in the extension air duct 7 and the inner wall of the extension air duct 7, and this position can be used for the clamping head of the clamping device to insert. By analyzing the in-duct image information and the sand grain features through image recognition, the cavity position without sand grain features can be obtained.

[0151] Step S505: Control the preset clamping device to extend into the extension air duct 7 according to the blockage depth value, clamp the sand grain features at the cavity position and withdraw from the operation port 8.

[0152] After determining the cavity position, extend the clamping device from the operation port 8 to the blockage depth position of the extension air duct 7, and insert the clamping head of the clamping device into the cavity position to clamp the sand grain features, and then take them out of the operation port 8.

[0153] Step S506: Based on the fact that the diameter of the sand grain features is not the diameter of the preset ventilation slot 71, determine the adhesion circumferential angle according to the in-duct image information and the sand grain features, and control the knocking device to knock on the corresponding position of the outer wall of the extension air duct 7 according to the blockage depth value and the adhesion circumferential angle, and control the sand turning air head 22 to perform auxiliary jetting with a preset sand cleaning power.

[0154] If the diameter of the sand grain features is inconsistent with the diameter of the ventilation slot 71, it means that the sand grain features are smaller and only adhere to the inner wall of the extension air duct 7.

[0155] The adhesion circumferential angle refers to the angle at which the sand grains adhere to the inner wall position of the extension air duct 7. For the sand grains adhering to the inner wall, it is necessary to determine their depth and circumferential angle in order to knock and dislodge them at a fixed point on the outer wall of the extension air duct 7.

[0156] By determining the clogging depth value and the adhesion circumferential angle, it is possible to control the knocking device to perform knocking and control the sand turning air head 22 to perform auxiliary air injection. The sand cleaning power is the power set by the technician for the sand turning air head 22 to blow air on the sand grains on the inner wall of the extension air duct 7, which will not be elaborated here.

[0157] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, several improvements and refinements made without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sand spreader, comprising a sand spreading body (1) mounted on a sand box and an air blowing head (2) arranged in the inner cavity of the sand spreading body (1) for guiding flowing sand, wherein the sand spreading body (1) has a sand filling chamber (3), and the sand filling chamber (3) has a sand inlet (4) and a sand outlet (5), characterized in that: It also comprises an extended air duct (7) installed on the air blowing head (2), the extended air duct (7) is located in the sand filling chamber (3), and the extended air duct (7) has a ventilation groove (71) connected to the air hole of the air blowing head (2).

2. A sand spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that: A partition (6) is provided in the sand-filling chamber (3), and the partition (6) divides the sand-filling chamber (3) into a sand inlet channel (31) for quick sand to flow in and a sand outlet channel (32) for quick sand to be ejected, and the sand outlet channel (32) is connected to the rear end of the sand inlet channel (31); the partition (6) is arranged vertically, and the sand outlet channel (32) and the sand inlet channel (31) form a U-shaped structure.

3. A sand spreader according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the air blowing heads (2) is two, including a sand turning air head (22) arranged at the sand inlet channel (31) and used for blowing the quicksand in the sand inlet channel (31) into the sand outlet channel (32), and a sand outlet air head (21) arranged at the sand outlet channel (32) and used for blowing the quicksand floating into the sand outlet channel (32) out of the sand outlet (5).

4. A sand spreader according to claim 3, characterized in that: The extended air duct (7) on the sand-exhausting air head (21) extends below the plane where the top of the partition (6) is located; the extended air duct (7) on the sand-turning air head (22) is located above the plane where the top of the partition (6) is located.

5. A sand spreader according to claim 4, characterized in that: The extended air duct (7) on the sand outlet air head (21) is directly opposite to the sand outlet (5).

6. A sand spreader according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sand inlet channel (31) is provided with an operating port (8) penetrating to the outside of the sand spreading body (1), and the sand turning air head (22) is directly opposite to the operating port (8).

7. A sand spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the ventilation groove (71) is greater than the inner diameter of the air hole of the blowing head (2).

8. A method for controlling a sand spreader, used for controlling a sand spreader according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: Obtain track surface image information and vehicle running speed when the vehicle is running; Determine whether there is water accumulation and freezing on the track surface according to the track surface image information and preset water accumulation and freezing characteristics; Based on the absence of frozen water, the sand spreader is controlled to blast sand onto the rail surface at a preset reference sand blowing speed; Based on the existence of frozen water, the real-time sand blowing speed of the corresponding sand spreader is matched according to the operating speed; The sand spreader is controlled to spray sand onto the track surface according to the real-time sand blowing speed, and the braking acceleration is determined according to the running speed and the preset unit time; Based on the braking acceleration being greater than the preset reference acceleration, the sand spreader is controlled to reduce the real-time sand blowing speed to the reference sand blowing speed.

9. The control method of a sand spreader according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method for controlling the parameters of the air blowing head (2) to achieve the real-time sand blowing speed includes: Determining the required sand blowing amount of sand and gravel ejected from the sand outlet (5) per unit time according to the real-time sand blowing speed; Matching the sand discharge length of the extended air duct (7) on the sand discharge air head (21) according to the required sand blowing amount; Determining the total amount of sand blowing in real time by the sand blowing air head (22) according to the required sand blowing amount and the preset residual amount; Matching the sand-turning length value of the extended air duct (7) on the sand-turning air head (22) according to the total amount of sand-turning in real time; Matching the sand ejection jet power of the sand ejection air head (21) according to the running speed of the vehicle; Determining the sand jet power of the sand casting air head (22) according to the sand ejection jet power and a preset negative pressure difference; According to the sand casting length value, the extended air duct (7) on the sand casting air head (22) is controlled to extend into the sand inlet channel (31) and the sand casting air head (22) is controlled to spray air with the sand casting jet power; according to the sand output length value, the extended air duct (7) on the sand output air head (21) is controlled to extend into the sand output channel (32) and the sand output air head (21) is controlled to spray air with the sand output jet power.

10. The control method of a sand spreader according to claim 9, characterized in that: In low temperature and humid weather, the sand particles are wet and sticky, which affects the real-time sand blowing speed. The treatment methods for wet sand particles include: Obtaining the humidity value of the sand particles in the sand inlet channel (31); Based on the fact that the humidity value of the sand particles is greater than a preset reference humidity, the operation port (8) is opened, and the sand-turning air head (22) is controlled with a preset dehumidification jet power to blow the sand particles into a circulating dehumidification pipe preset at the operation port (8), so that the sand particles move along the circulating dehumidification pipe once and return to the sand inlet channel (31) and then cross over to enter the sand outlet channel (32); Match the heating power of the circulating dehumidification tube according to the humidity value of the sand particles; The circulating dehumidification pipe is controlled according to the heating power to heat the sand particles entering the pipe, and the image information of the sand particles is obtained when the sand particles pass through the operation port (8); Determine the sand grain bonding diameter according to the sand grain image information and the preset reference sand grain characteristics; Based on the fact that the sand grain bonding diameter is larger than the preset allowable sand grain diameter, the blocking sheet preset on the inner wall of the circulating dehumidification pipe is controlled to be expanded according to the preset expansion area to break up the bonded sand grains.

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