An underwater electromagnetic measurement deployment test device and electromagnetic testing method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an underwater electromagnetic measurement deployment test device and an electromagnetic testing method, which belong to the field of underwater geological exploration technology. The underwater electromagnetic measurement deployment test device mainly includes a field source body, an underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module and a bearing head, which can simultaneously complete the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment operation, artificial field source test operation and natural field source test operation, thereby realizing an integrated design of underwater electromagnetic measurement. When deploying the underwater electromagnetic instrument, the deployment position of each underwater electromagnetic instrument can be accurately controlled to form an underwater electromagnetic instrument node array. In terms of the electromagnetic testing method, the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array deployed by the embodiment of the present invention can efficiently obtain artificial and natural electromagnetic phase response data in the same area, thereby performing high-precision comparison in subsequent analysis. By collecting and analyzing the response data of different frequencies by the nodes, the resource distribution in the underwater stratum can be accurately located.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underwater geological exploration, and in particular to an underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment testing device and an electromagnetic testing method. Background Art

[0002] Marine electromagnetic measurement is a commonly used method for investigating hydrogeological conditions such as the ocean. It mainly measures the electromagnetic responses of different components of marine strata under natural or artificial time-varying electromagnetic field conditions, thereby confirming the geological structure of the seabed, exploring resources (such as oil, gas, and minerals), and monitoring changes in the marine environment.

[0003] The electromagnetic measurement effects of natural time-varying electromagnetic fields and artificial time-varying electromagnetic fields each have their own advantages and disadvantages: the low-frequency characteristics of natural time-varying electromagnetic fields have stronger penetration capabilities, and are suitable for detecting large-scale geological targets such as lithospheric structures, subduction zone interfaces or mantle plumes at depths of tens of kilometers; while artificial electromagnetic fields are more suitable for identifying shallow oil and gas reservoir boundaries, seabed hydrothermal sulfide deposits and other targets.

[0004] However, most of the existing marine electromagnetic testing equipment is only suitable for either natural time-varying electromagnetic measurements or artificial time-varying electromagnetic field measurements. It cannot meet the testing needs of both natural and artificial field sources at the same time and conduct a comprehensive exploration of the seabed geological conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the embodiment of the present invention provides an underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment test device and an electromagnetic test method

[0006] On one hand, the present invention provides an underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment test device, comprising a field source body, an underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module and a bearing head;

[0007] The field source body is used for underwater electromagnetic measurement and controlling the deployment of underwater electromagnetic instruments;

[0008] The underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module is equipped with multiple underwater electromagnetic instruments, and the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module is used to deploy the underwater electromagnetic instruments and place them on the bottom of the water body;

[0009] A photoelectric load cable is fixed on the bearing head; and the deployment test device is connected to the operating vessel via the photoelectric load cable.

[0010] Furthermore, the field source body is provided with a central control module, a communication control module, a data acquisition module, a field source emission module and a deployment drive motor;

[0011] The central control module is used to perform data processing operations to control the deployment test device as a whole;

[0012] The communication control module is used to perform networking communication with the underwater electromagnetic instrument and to transmit data with the operating vessel through the photoelectric load cable;

[0013] The data acquisition module is used to collect electromagnetic response data of the underwater electromagnetic instrument through the communication control module;

[0014] The field source transmitting module is used to transmit electromagnetic signals to the water bed to form an artificial electromagnetic field;

[0015] The deployment drive motor is used to drive the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module to operate so as to deploy the underwater electromagnetic instrument.

[0016] Furthermore, the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module includes a multi-layer annular frame, each of which has a downward outlet, and the underwater electromagnetic instrument is arranged in the annular space of each layer; a movable baffle is provided between the annular frames of each layer, and the deployment drive motor in the field source body guides the underwater electromagnetic instrument to the next layer by driving the annular frame to rotate as a whole and adjusting the baffle, and finally reaches the outlet; when the underwater electromagnetic instrument reaches the outlet, it falls to the bottom of the water body by free fall.

[0017] Furthermore, the underwater electromagnetic instrument has a counterweight and a flow-guiding device, and the counterweight and the flow-guiding device enable the underwater electromagnetic instrument to maintain a falling posture during free fall.

[0018] Furthermore, the deployment test device further comprises a propeller; the propeller is used to adjust the position and attitude of the deployment test device underwater;

[0019] The field source body is also provided with at least one of a navigator, a gyroscope or an acoustic positioning module, and the relative position and / or posture of the deployment test device is determined by the navigator and / or gyroscope and / or the acoustic positioning module, and the central control module in the field source body is used to control the operation of the propeller to adjust the relative position and / or posture of the deployment test device.

[0020] Another aspect of the present invention discloses an underwater electromagnetic testing method, based on the aforementioned underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment testing device, comprising the following steps:

[0021] Deploy underwater electromagnetic instruments on the water body bottom bed at preset positions by using the deployment test device to form an underwater electromagnetic instrument node array;

[0022] Performing networking synchronization on the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array;

[0023] Control the field source to excite the artificial electromagnetic field and conduct artificial field source testing;

[0024] Use underwater electromagnetic instruments to collect natural time-varying electromagnetic field signals and conduct natural field source testing;

[0025] The response data from the artificial source test and the natural source test are compared to determine the distribution of resources below the water bed.

[0026] Furthermore, the networking and synchronization of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array specifically includes the following steps:

[0027] Establishing a network in the array of underwater electromagnetic instrument nodes so that each underwater electromagnetic instrument node establishes a communication link with an adjacent underwater electromagnetic instrument node;

[0028] Controlling the deployment test device to establish a communication link with a target underwater electromagnetic instrument in the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, and transmitting the time reference of the deployment test device to the target underwater electromagnetic instrument;

[0029] The time reference is transmitted to each electromagnetic instrument node through the networking of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, so that the time reference of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array is synchronized with the deployment test device;

[0030] The deployment test device is controlled to move to the distribution center of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, and the time base of the deployment test device is synchronized to the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array again to perform time calibration on the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array.

[0031] Furthermore, the control field source excites the artificial electromagnetic field to perform an artificial field source test, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0032] Controlling the deployment test device to hover at the distribution center of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, transmitting electromagnetic signals to the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array according to a preset time sequence to form an artificial electromagnetic field;

[0033] Recording the horizontal component, vertical component and magnetic field component of the artificial electromagnetic field by the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array to form artificial field source response data;

[0034] In the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, the artificial field source response data recorded by each underwater electromagnetic instrument node is aggregated to a target underwater electromagnetic instrument node closest to the deployment test device through network communication; the aggregated artificial field source response data is transmitted to the deployment test device through a communication link between the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node and the deployment test device;

[0035] The aggregated artificial field source response data is transmitted to the operating vessel via the photoelectric load cable on the deployment test device.

[0036] Furthermore, the natural time-varying electromagnetic field signal is collected by an underwater electromagnetic instrument to perform a natural field source test, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0037] Recording the horizontal component, vertical component and magnetic field component of the natural time-varying electromagnetic field by the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array to form natural field source response data;

[0038] In the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, the natural field source response data recorded by each underwater electromagnetic instrument node is aggregated to a target underwater electromagnetic instrument node closest to the deployment test device through network communication; the aggregated natural field source response data is transmitted to the deployment test device through a communication link between the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node and the deployment test device;

[0039] The aggregated natural field source response data is transmitted to the operating vessel via the photoelectric load cable on the deployment test device.

[0040] Furthermore, after completing the artificial field source test and the natural field source test, the method further includes recovering the underwater electromagnetic instrument, and the recovering of the underwater electromagnetic instrument specifically includes the following steps:

[0041] The deployment test device is used to control the underwater electromagnetic instrument to separate from the counterweight, so that the underwater electromagnetic instrument separated from the counterweight naturally floats up;

[0042] The surfaced underwater electromagnetic instrument was salvaged.

[0043] The embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects: the underwater electromagnetic measurement deployment test device provided by the embodiments of the present invention can simultaneously complete the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment operation, artificial field source test operation and natural field source test operation, realizing the integrated design of underwater electromagnetic measurement. When deploying underwater electromagnetic instruments, the deployment position of each underwater electromagnetic instrument can be accurately controlled to form an underwater electromagnetic instrument node array. In terms of electromagnetic testing methods, the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array deployed by the embodiments of the present invention can efficiently obtain artificial and natural electromagnetic phase response data in the same area, thereby performing high-precision comparison in subsequent analysis. By collecting and analyzing different frequency response data through nodes, the resource distribution in the underwater stratum can be accurately located.

[0044] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0046] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an underwater electromagnetic measurement deployment and testing device provided by the present invention.

[0047] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the field source body in the underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment testing device provided by the present invention.

[0048] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module in the field source body of the underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment test device provided by the present invention.

[0049] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of an underwater electromagnetic instrument supporting the underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment test device of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the flow guide device in the underwater electromagnetic instrument matched with the present invention.

[0051] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the deployment process of the underwater electromagnetic measurement deployment test device of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the method steps for performing electromagnetic testing based on the underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment test device of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array during electromagnetic testing of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the signal distribution of the response data collected by the underwater electromagnetic instrument of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the effect of the underwater electromagnetic instrument and the counterweight being separated after the electromagnetic test is completed in the present invention.

[0056] Figure numerals: 1. Field source body, 2. Underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module, 3. Thruster, 4. Bearing head, 5. Photoelectric load cable; 1-1. Communication control module, 1-2. Central control module, 1-3. Data acquisition module, 1-4. Field source transmitting module, 1-5. Deployment drive motor; 1-5-1. Ring frame, 1-5-2. Baffle, 6-Underwater electromagnetic instrument node; 6-1. Antenna, 6-2. Signal transceiver module, 6-3. Signal demodulation module, 6-4. Buoyancy block, 6-5. Diversion device, 6-6. Central processing module, 6-7. Battery, 6-8. Sensor, 6-9. Releaser, 6-10. Housing, 6-11. Claw, 6-12. Hanging ring, 6-13. Counterweight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of this application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0058] Marine electromagnetic measurement is a commonly used method for marine geological exploration. It mainly measures the electromagnetic responses of different components of marine strata under natural or artificial time-varying electromagnetic field conditions, thereby confirming the geological structure of the seabed, exploring resources (such as oil, gas, and minerals), and monitoring changes in the marine environment. It mainly includes natural field source measurement and artificial field source measurement.

[0059] Among them, the natural source electromagnetic testing method utilizes naturally occurring alternating electromagnetic fields as a source to measure changes in the seafloor's electric and magnetic fields, invert the resistivity distribution of the seafloor medium, and thus confirm the stratigraphic structure. This method uses an underwater electromagnetic instrument as a data acquisition device for electromagnetic response, deployed on the seafloor for long-term data collection. This technical method allows the instrument to be deployed in deep-sea environments. Because it remains stationary during operation, it is less susceptible to noise interference, making it suitable for collecting data on deep-sea and large-scale changes. However, this electromagnetic testing method relies heavily on natural source conditions, making it difficult to operate when the natural source conditions are unstable. For the distribution of marine mineral resources, accurate detection is also difficult due to the relatively small size of minerals and their unclear response to magnetotelluric signals. Furthermore, because the underwater electromagnetic instrument requires specialized equipment for deployment and recovery, and data cannot be transmitted back in real time, it suffers from low data collection efficiency.

[0060] The test method using artificial field sources uses an artificially emitted electromagnetic field as the field source, measures the response of the seabed to the artificial electromagnetic field, and thus confirms the structural distribution of the strata. This method usually uses a towed transmitter and receiving array to transmit the artificial electromagnetic field and collect data on the response electromagnetic field while being towed by the ship. The test efficiency is high, and the response to shallow seabed minerals and oil and gas resources is obvious, making it very suitable for resource exploration. However, this test method is in a moving state, and the movement of the towing ship, the towing device itself, and the ocean currents and other natural environmental movements will generate noise, which will affect the test results, resulting in relatively low test accuracy. At the same time, this test method is not suitable for operations in complex seabed strata and deep ocean areas. If the towing depth is shallow, it is difficult to obtain valid data, and if the towing depth is too deep, it cannot be effectively controlled, which increases the cost and risk factor, and has certain limitations.

[0061] To overcome the above problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a composite underwater electromagnetic measurement deployment test device and electromagnetic testing method, which can simultaneously complete underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment operations, artificial field source testing operations, and natural field source testing operations.

[0062] On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides an underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment test device, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system mainly comprises a source body 1, an underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module 2, and a bearing head 4. The source body 1 is used to perform underwater electromagnetic measurements and control the deployment of underwater electromagnetic instruments 6. The underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module 2 carries multiple underwater electromagnetic instruments 6 and is used to deploy the underwater electromagnetic instruments 6 on the waterbed. The bearing head 4 is fixed with an optical load cable 5. The deployment test device is connected to the operating vessel via the optical load cable 5.

[0063] In the embodiment of the present invention, the underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment test device has an overall cylindrical structure, with the field source body 1 as the core arrangement; the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module 2 is arranged below the field source body 1, and the bearing head 4 is arranged above the field source body 1.

[0064] As a specific example, Figure 2 As shown, the field source body 1 is provided with a central control module 1-2, a communication control module 1-1, a data acquisition module 1-3, a field source transmitting module 1-4 and a deployment drive motor 1-5.

[0065] Among them, the central control module 1-2 is used to perform data processing operations to control the overall deployment test device. In a specific embodiment, the central control module 1-2 is composed of a memory and a processor. The memory can be implemented by a processor that can be a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit, central processing unit), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used for data processing operations to control the overall deployment test device. The memory can be implemented in the form of a read-only memory (ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (RAM). The memory is used to store data operation codes such as electromagnetic signal processing algorithms, device path algorithms, and deployment control algorithms for the processor to call.

[0066] The communication control module 1-1 is used to communicate with the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6 in a network and to transmit data with the operating vessel through the photoelectric load cable 5. In a specific embodiment, the communication control module 1-1 in the embodiment of the present invention establishes an electrical connection with the central control module 1-2, which includes an underwater acoustic communicator and a relay communicator. The underwater acoustic communicator can use sound waves to exchange communication data and instructions with the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6 deployed on the bottom of the water, and ultimately establish a network communication architecture for the underwater electromagnetic instrument array. The relay communicator is arranged between the photoelectric load cable 5 and the data interface of the central control module 1-2, and is used to perform protocol encapsulation on the data transmitted by the central control module 1-2 to the operating vessel and to perform protocol parsing on the control instructions transmitted by the photoelectric load cable 5. For example, the encapsulated communication protocol can be implemented using the RS485 communication protocol.

[0067] Data acquisition module 1-3 is used to collect electromagnetic response data from the underwater electromagnetic instrument through communication control module 1-1. In one specific embodiment, data acquisition module 1-3 is provided with a signal conditioning unit and an analog-to-digital conversion unit. The signal conditioning unit can perform functions such as signal amplification, bandpass filtering, and common-mode suppression, and performs signal conditioning on the electromagnetic response data received by communication control module 1-1. The analog-to-digital conversion unit is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the electromagnetic response data. Due to the severe electromagnetic interference found in some water bodies, in some embodiments, data acquisition module 1-3 is also provided with an EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) suppression unit to suppress electromagnetic interference in the electromagnetic response data.

[0068] Field source transmission modules 1-4 are used to transmit electromagnetic signals toward the waterbed, forming an artificial electromagnetic field. In one embodiment, field source transmission modules 1-4 include a waveform generator and a waveform transmitter. The waveform generator is used to generate a square or triangular wave signal with an arbitrary period, which is then transmitted by the waveform transmitter into the water body to form a transient electromagnetic field in the water for artificial field source testing.

[0069] The deployment drive motor 1-5 is used to drive the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module 2 to operate and deploy the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6. As a specific embodiment, the deployment drive motor 1-5 is controlled by the central control module 1-2. The central control module 1-2 controls the movement of the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module 2 by driving the deployment drive motor 1-5 to release the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6 into the water body.

[0070] In the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 As shown, the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module 2 includes multiple layers of annular frames 1-5-1, each with a downward-facing exit. An underwater electromagnetic instrument 6 is arranged in the annular space of each layer. Movable baffles 1-5-2 are provided between each layer of annular frames 1-5-1. The deployment drive motor 1-5 in the field source body 1 drives the annular frames 1-5-1 to rotate as a whole and adjusts the baffles 1-5-2 to guide the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6 to the next layer and ultimately to the exit. Once the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6 reaches the exit, it free-falls onto the waterbed. In this embodiment of the present invention, the exit of the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module 2 is located in the center of the annular frames 1-5-1. The deployment drive motor 1-5 drives the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module 2 to rotate, guiding the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6 to the central exit under the action of the baffles 1-5-2. The central exit is designed with a hollow structure. Once the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6 reaches the exit, it can freely fall onto the waterbed. In another embodiment, the underwater electromagnetic instrument placement module 2 may also be designed in a straight channel shape, and the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6 may be driven to move to the exit for falling by a conveyor belt or the like.

[0071] In this embodiment of the present invention, the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module 2 is detachable from the field source body 1. After the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module 2 carried by the underwater electromagnetic measurement, deployment and testing device has deployed all the underwater electromagnetic instruments 6, the operator can retrieve the underwater electromagnetic measurement, deployment and testing device and replace the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module 2 carried by it to carry out a new round of underwater electromagnetic instrument 6 deployment.

[0072] In some embodiments, the deployment test device also includes a propeller 3, which is used to adjust the position and attitude of the deployment test device underwater. The field source body 1 is also provided with at least one of a navigator, a gyroscope or an acoustic positioning module, and the relative position and / or attitude of the deployment test device is determined by the navigator and / or the gyroscope and / or the acoustic positioning module, and the central control module 1-2 in the field source body 1 controls the operation of the propeller 3 to adjust the relative position and / or attitude of the deployment test device. As a specific embodiment, the propeller 3 can be implemented by a propeller, and the rotation direction and rotation speed of the propeller are controlled by the central control module 1-2 of the field source body 1. In other embodiments, the propeller can be propelled by means of a hydraulic pump or a high-energy battery 6-7, so that the attitude control and position control of the deployment test device are more precise.

[0073] The structure of the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6 provided with the test device according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the whole structure is cylindrical, the main body is wrapped by a sealed shell 6-10, and the core structure is installed inside the shell 6-10. A guide device 6-5 is installed on the upper part of the shell 6-10, and the guide device 6-5 is composed of guide blades. Specifically, Figure 5 As shown, multiple guide vanes are evenly distributed across the guide device 6-5 of the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6, ensuring that the underwater electromagnetic instrument node 6 remains upright during descent. The lower portion of the housing 6-10 nests with a counterweight 6-13, which is secured by a releaser 6-9 controlling a clamping claw 6-11 that clamps the hook 6-12 on the counterweight 6-13. The counterweight 6-13 is constructed of a concrete block. The central portion of the node contains the core module, which houses a central processing module 6-6, a battery 6-7, and a sensor module 6-8. The sensor module 6-8 is used to sense the magnetotelluric and artificial response electromagnetic fields for data collection. The central processing module 6-6 is responsible for overall control of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node 6, including data processing, transmission and reception, storage, and main body release. The battery 6-7 provides energy for the entire device. Buoyancy blocks 6-4 are installed above the core module. Made of a material with a lower density than water, these blocks provide additional positive buoyancy to the main structure, allowing the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6 to naturally float after being separated from the counterweight 6-13. Buoyancy blocks 6-4 are hollow. Cables extending from the core module connect to the upper signal processing module, which contains a signal demodulation module 6-3 and a signal transceiver module 6-2. Data transmission with the deployment test equipment is achieved via the top antenna 6-1.

[0074] The effect diagram of the deployment test device for underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment operation according to the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 6As shown, when underwater electromagnetic measurement is required, the deployment position of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array is first determined on the operating vessel, the operating vessel is controlled to move to the corresponding position, and the underwater electromagnetic measurement deployment test device is lowered into the water area at the corresponding depth of the node. After confirming the position, the deployment test device is controlled to release the underwater electromagnetic instrument 6. By controlling the movement of the operating vessel and the deployment test device, the deployment of the node can be completed within a certain area, thereby forming an underwater electromagnetic instrument node array. In the embodiment of the present invention, by controlling the deployment distance of each underwater electromagnetic instrument node 6, the underwater electromagnetic instrument nodes 6 can communicate with each other, thereby being able to spontaneously complete the networking work, adapting to the testing requirements of natural field source testing and artificial field source testing.

[0075] Another embodiment of the present invention discloses an underwater electromagnetic testing method, based on the underwater electromagnetic measurement and testing device described in the previous embodiment. Figure 7 As shown, the electromagnetic testing method includes the following steps:

[0076] S1. Deploy the underwater electromagnetic instrument on the water bed at a preset position by deploying the test device to form an underwater electromagnetic instrument node array;

[0077] S2. Synchronize the network of underwater electromagnetic instrument node arrays;

[0078] S3. Control the field source to excite the artificial electromagnetic field and conduct artificial field source testing;

[0079] S4. Collect natural time-varying electromagnetic field signals using an underwater electromagnetic instrument to conduct natural field source testing;

[0080] S5. Compare the response data from artificial source tests and natural source tests to determine the distribution of resources below the waterbed.

[0081] In the embodiment of the present invention, artificial field source testing and natural field source testing can be performed simultaneously through the same group of underwater electromagnetic instrument node arrays to conduct a comprehensive survey of resource distribution in water bodies and strata.

[0082] As a specific embodiment, in step S2, the network synchronization of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array is performed, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0083] S1-1. Establishing a network within the array of underwater electromagnetic instrument nodes, so that each underwater electromagnetic instrument node 6 establishes a communication link with an adjacent underwater electromagnetic instrument node. In step S1-1, since the deployment distance of the underwater electromagnetic instruments is controlled during the aforementioned deployment operation, each underwater electromagnetic instrument node can establish a communication link with an adjacent underwater electromagnetic instrument node, ultimately forming a networked communication architecture for the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array.

[0084] S1-2. Control the deployment test device to establish a communication link with the target underwater electromagnetic instrument in the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, and transmit the time reference of the deployment test device to the target underwater electromagnetic instrument. After establishing the network communication architecture, the embodiment of the present invention determines the target underwater electromagnetic instrument in the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array. Exemplarily, based on different transmission requirements, the target underwater electromagnetic instrument can be determined according to conditions such as physical distance, placement order, and communication delay. The embodiment of the present invention does not limit the method of determining the target underwater electromagnetic instrument. After determining the target underwater electromagnetic instrument, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention controls the deployment test device to establish a communication link with the target underwater electromagnetic instrument, and sends a synchronization signal containing a clock reference to the target underwater electromagnetic instrument through a directional underwater acoustic signal. After the target underwater electromagnetic instrument receives and demodulates the synchronization signal, it records the time reference locally.

[0085] S1-3. The time reference is transmitted to each electromagnetic instrument node through the network of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, synchronizing the time reference of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array with the deployed test device. After the target underwater electromagnetic instrument records the time reference, it is propagated to each electromagnetic instrument node in the network through a hierarchical synchronization strategy. For example, the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node can be used as a first-level node, and synchronization signals can be forwarded to adjacent second-level nodes through a multi-hop forwarding method. The second-level nodes are then further propagated to third-level nodes, where clock deviation introduced by each hop is compensated through bidirectional timestamp exchange.

[0086] S1-4. Control the deployment test device to move to the distribution center of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, and synchronize the time base of the deployment test device to the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array again to perform time calibration on the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array. After the deployment test device and the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array complete the preliminary time calibration, since the deployment test device needs to be relocated to perform artificial field source testing, the movement of the deployment test device may affect the propagation delay of the signal. Therefore, after controlling the deployment test device to move to the distribution center of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, the embodiment of the present invention repeats the time base synchronization process of step S1-3 again to calibrate the time base of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array.

[0087] As a specific embodiment, in step S3, controlling the field source to excite the artificial electromagnetic field and performing the artificial field source test specifically includes the following steps:

[0088] S3-1. Control the deployment test device to hover at the distribution center of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array and transmit electromagnetic signals to the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array according to a preset timing to form an artificial electromagnetic field. In this embodiment of the present invention, the electromagnetic signal is transmitted to the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array by the waveform generator and waveform transmitter of the field source transmission module on the deployment test device. The waveform generator can generate a square wave signal of any period and transmit it to the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array via the waveform transmitter. This embodiment of the present invention uses a Gold code modulated electromagnetic signal for artificial field source testing. In other embodiments, other types of square wave signals can also be used for artificial field source testing.

[0089] S3-2. The horizontal component, vertical component and magnetic field component of the artificial electromagnetic field are recorded by the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array to form artificial field source response data. After the artificial electromagnetic field is formed in the water, the underwater electromagnetic instrument node continuously monitors the different components of the electromagnetic signal to form electromagnetic response data as artificial field source response data. Specifically, the horizontal component in the electromagnetic response data can reflect the lateral conductivity change of the formation, the vertical component can reflect the position and thickness of the vertical resistivity mutation interface in the formation, and the magnetic field component can reflect the attenuation characteristics of the electromagnetic field in the formation. Recording artificial field source response data through the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array can effectively reflect the lateral boundaries, vertical depths, and material types of shallow geological reservoirs, and play a significant role in geological exploration of the bottom layer of the water body. Since the artificial field source test architecture as a whole is in a relatively static state, the accuracy of the data obtained is also higher.

[0090] S3-3. In the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, the artificial field source response data recorded by each underwater electromagnetic instrument node is aggregated to the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node closest to the deployed test device through network communication; and the aggregated artificial field source response data is transmitted to the underwater electromagnetic instrument through the communication link between the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node and the deployed test device.

[0091] S3-4. The aggregated artificial field source response data is transmitted to the operating vessel via the photoelectric load cable deployed on the test device.

[0092] In an embodiment of the present invention, after each underwater electromagnetic instrument collects its own artificial field source response data, the artificial field source response data is aggregated to the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node through network communication and transmitted to the deployment test device. After preliminary processing, it is sent to the operating vessel through the optoelectronic load cable.

[0093] As a specific embodiment, in step S4, natural time-varying electromagnetic field signals are collected by an underwater electromagnetic instrument to perform a natural field source test, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0094] S4-1. Record the horizontal, vertical, and magnetic components of the natural time-varying electromagnetic field using an array of underwater electromagnetic instrument nodes to generate natural field source response data.

[0095] S4-2. In the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, the natural field source response data recorded by each underwater electromagnetic instrument node is aggregated to the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node closest to the deployment test device through network communication; the aggregated natural field source response data is transmitted to the deployment test device through the communication link between the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node and the deployment test device;

[0096] S4-3. The aggregated natural field source response data is transmitted to the operating vessel via the photoelectric load cable deployed on the test device.

[0097] After completing the artificial field source test, if the environment of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array allows for natural field source testing, the array can continue to conduct natural field source testing. Since the frequency of the natural electromagnetic field is lower, it has better penetration than the artificial electromagnetic field, enabling it to effectively penetrate the high-conductivity seawater layer and thick sedimentary cover layer, revealing the basement structure deep in the bottom of the water body. The process of natural field source testing is similar to that of artificial field source testing, but the collected electromagnetic response data can better reveal the basement structure deep in the bottom of the water body and regional electrical stratification. By summarizing the natural field source response data and the artificial field source response data and comparing them, multi-scale geological exploration results can be obtained, and the data distribution effect is as follows: Figure 9 shown.

[0098] After completing the artificial field source test and the natural field source test in step S4, the method according to the embodiment of the present invention further includes: S5. Recovering the underwater electromagnetic instrument. Step S5 specifically includes the following steps:

[0099] S5-1. Deploy the test device to control the separation of the underwater electromagnetic instrument from the counterweight, so that the underwater electromagnetic instrument, separated from the counterweight, naturally floats up;

[0100] S5-2. Salvage the surfaced underwater electromagnetic instrument.

[0101] In the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 10 As shown in the figure, after the underwater electromagnetic instrument node completes its data collection operation on the seabed, it can be recovered. The releaser controls the claws to open, separating the main body from the counterweight. Under the action of the buoyancy block, the underwater electromagnetic instrument can float up on its own and begin to send beacon signals, facilitating salvage by operating vessels on the sea surface.

[0102] In some embodiments, to meet the needs of long-term seabed electromagnetic monitoring, the underwater electromagnetic instrument nodes are also equipped with satellite communication modules. As the operating vessel departs, the nodes form a network for long-term monitoring. If a characteristic signal, such as a geological disaster, is detected, the node network aggregates the characteristic data to one of the nodes and initiates ascent. When the node reaches the sea surface, it activates the satellite communication module and transmits the data back to the land-based monitoring station, thereby providing timely warnings.

[0103] In general, the underwater electromagnetic measurement deployment and testing device provided by the embodiment of the present invention can simultaneously complete the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment operation, artificial field source test operation and natural field source test operation, realizing the integrated design of underwater electromagnetic measurement. The present invention breaks through the limitations of traditional electromagnetic instruments and towed acquisition methods, and the operating water depth is not restricted. It can adapt to the detection needs of large water depths to improve site adaptability, operating depth, data accuracy and operating efficiency. When deploying underwater electromagnetic instruments, the deployment position of each underwater electromagnetic instrument can be accurately controlled to form an array of underwater electromagnetic instrument nodes. The underwater electromagnetic instrument nodes can simultaneously meet the data acquisition requirements of controlled source electromagnetic method and magnetotelluric method, so that the present invention has the advantages of both controlled source electromagnetic method and magnetotelluric method. The collected data has high accuracy and low noise, and can be self-compared and verified.

[0104] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the devices in the embodiments of the present invention can be adaptively modified and installed in one or more devices different from the embodiments. Modules, units, or components in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined into a single module, unit, or component, and furthermore, they can be divided into multiple sub-modules, sub-units, or sub-components. All features disclosed in this specification (including the corresponding claims, abstract, and drawings), and all processes or units of any method or device disclosed therein, can be combined in any combination, except where at least some of such features and / or processes or units are mutually exclusive. Unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed in this specification (including the corresponding claims, abstract, and drawings) may be replaced by an alternative feature that provides the same, equivalent, or similar purpose.

[0105] Through the description of the above implementation methods, technical personnel in the relevant field can understand that for the convenience and simplicity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be distributed and completed by different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0106] In addition, each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. In particular, for embodiments such as devices and equipment, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiments. The embodiments of the devices and equipment described above are merely schematic, wherein the modules, units, etc. described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed to multiple places, such as nodes in a system network. Specifically, some or all of the modules and units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the above-mentioned embodiment scheme. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement it without paying any creative work.

[0107] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented using hardware, as in another embodiment, any one of the following technologies known in the art or a combination thereof can be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application-specific integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0108] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0109] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" used in the embodiments of the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated in this embodiment. Therefore, the features defined by the terms "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present invention can explicitly or implicitly indicate that the embodiment includes at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, the word "plurality" means at least two or two or more, such as two, three, four, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined in the embodiments.

[0110] In the embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or apparatus. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or apparatus comprising the element. In addition, components, features, and elements with the same name in different embodiments of the present invention may have the same meaning or different meanings, and their specific meanings need to be determined by their explanation in the specific embodiment or further combined with the context of the specific embodiment.

[0111] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art may change, modify, replace, and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the present invention. This application is intended to encompass any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present invention, which follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary technical means in the art that are not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are intended to be exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present invention are indicated by the claims below.

Claims

1. An underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment test device, characterized in that: It includes the source body, underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module and bearing head; The field source body is used for underwater electromagnetic measurement and controlling the deployment of underwater electromagnetic instruments; The underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module is equipped with multiple underwater electromagnetic instruments, and the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module is used to deploy the underwater electromagnetic instruments and place them on the bottom of the water body; A photoelectric load cable is fixed on the bearing head; the deployment test device is connected to the operating vessel via the photoelectric load cable; The underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module includes a multi-layer annular frame with a downward exit. The underwater electromagnetic instrument is arranged in the annular space of each layer. A movable baffle is provided between the annular frames of each layer. The deployment drive motor in the field source body drives the annular frame to rotate as a whole and adjusts the baffle to guide the underwater electromagnetic instrument to the next layer and finally to the exit. When the underwater electromagnetic instrument reaches the outlet, it falls to the bottom of the water body by free fall; After the underwater electromagnetic instrument completes the natural field source test and / or the artificial field source test, the artificial field source response data and / or the natural field source response data recorded by each underwater electromagnetic instrument node are aggregated to the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node closest to the deployed test device through network communication; The aggregated artificial field source response data and / or natural field source response data are transmitted to the deployment test device via a communication link between the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node and the deployment test device; The aggregated artificial field source response data and / or natural field source response data are transmitted to the operating vessel via the photoelectric load cable on the deployment test device.

2. The underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field source body is provided with a central control module, a communication control module, a data acquisition module, a field source emission module and a deployment drive motor; The central control module is used to perform data processing operations to control the deployment test device as a whole; The communication control module is used to perform networking communication with the underwater electromagnetic instrument and to transmit data with the operating vessel through the photoelectric load cable; The data acquisition module is used to collect electromagnetic response data of the underwater electromagnetic instrument through the communication control module; The field source transmitting module is used to transmit electromagnetic signals to the water bed to form an artificial electromagnetic field; The deployment drive motor is used to drive the underwater electromagnetic instrument deployment module to operate so as to deploy the underwater electromagnetic instrument.

3. The underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underwater electromagnetic instrument is provided with a counterweight and a flow guiding device, and the counterweight and the flow guiding device are used to enable the underwater electromagnetic instrument to maintain a falling posture during free fall.

4. The underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deployment test device further includes a propeller; the propeller is used to adjust the position and attitude of the deployment test device underwater; The field source body is also provided with at least one of a navigator, a gyroscope or an acoustic positioning module, and the relative position and / or posture of the deployment test device is determined by the navigator and / or gyroscope and / or the acoustic positioning module, and the central control module in the field source body is used to control the operation of the propeller to adjust the relative position and / or posture of the deployment test device.

5. An underwater electromagnetic testing method, based on the underwater electromagnetic measurement and deployment testing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Deploy underwater electromagnetic instruments on the water body bottom bed at preset positions by using the deployment test device to form an underwater electromagnetic instrument node array; Performing networking synchronization on the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array; Controlling the field source to excite an artificial electromagnetic field and perform an artificial field source test; the response data of the artificial field source test includes a horizontal component, a vertical component, and a magnetic field component; After completing the artificial field source test, the artificial field source response data recorded by each underwater electromagnetic instrument node is aggregated to the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node closest to the deployed test device through network communication; The aggregated artificial field source response data is transmitted to the deployment test device via a communication link between the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node and the deployment test device; and the aggregated artificial field source response data is transmitted to the operating vessel via an optoelectronic load cable on the deployment test device; The natural time-varying electromagnetic field signal is collected by an underwater electromagnetic instrument to perform a natural field source test; the response data of the natural field source test includes a horizontal component, a vertical component and a magnetic field component; After the natural field source test is completed, the natural field source response data recorded by each underwater electromagnetic instrument node is aggregated to the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node closest to the deployed test device through network communication; The aggregated natural field source response data is transmitted to the deployment test device via a communication link between the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node and the deployment test device; and the aggregated natural field source response data is transmitted to the operating vessel via an optoelectronic load cable on the deployment test device; Comparing the response data from the artificial source test and the natural source test to determine the distribution of resources below the water bed; After the operating vessel leaves, when the underwater electromagnetic node array detects a disaster characteristic signal, the node network will aggregate the characteristic data to one of the underwater electromagnetic nodes and start surfacing; when the underwater electromagnetic node reaches the sea surface, it will start the satellite communication module and transmit the characteristic data back to the land-based monitoring station.

6. The underwater electromagnetic testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The networking and synchronization of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array specifically includes the following steps: Establishing a network in the array of underwater electromagnetic instrument nodes so that each underwater electromagnetic instrument node establishes a communication link with an adjacent underwater electromagnetic instrument node; Controlling the deployment test device to establish a communication link with a target underwater electromagnetic instrument in the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, and transmitting the time reference of the deployment test device to the target underwater electromagnetic instrument; The time reference is transmitted to each electromagnetic instrument node through the networking of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, so that the time reference of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array is synchronized with the deployment test device; The deployment test device is controlled to move to the distribution center of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, and the time base of the deployment test device is synchronized to the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array again to perform time calibration on the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array.

7. The underwater electromagnetic testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The control field source excites the artificial electromagnetic field to perform artificial field source testing, which specifically includes the following steps: Controlling the deployment test device to hover at the distribution center of the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, transmitting electromagnetic signals to the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array according to a preset time sequence to form an artificial electromagnetic field; Recording the horizontal component, vertical component and magnetic field component of the artificial electromagnetic field by the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array to form artificial field source response data; In the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, the artificial field source response data recorded by each underwater electromagnetic instrument node is aggregated to a target underwater electromagnetic instrument node closest to the deployment test device through network communication; the aggregated artificial field source response data is transmitted to the deployment test device through a communication link between the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node and the deployment test device; The aggregated artificial field source response data is transmitted to the operating vessel via the photoelectric load cable on the deployment test device.

8. The underwater electromagnetic testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The natural field source test is performed by collecting the natural time-varying electromagnetic field signal by the underwater electromagnetic instrument, specifically including the following steps: Recording the horizontal component, vertical component and magnetic field component of the natural time-varying electromagnetic field by the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array to form natural field source response data; In the underwater electromagnetic instrument node array, the natural field source response data recorded by each underwater electromagnetic instrument node is aggregated to a target underwater electromagnetic instrument node closest to the deployment test device through network communication; the aggregated natural field source response data is transmitted to the deployment test device through a communication link between the target underwater electromagnetic instrument node and the deployment test device; The aggregated natural field source response data is transmitted to the operating vessel via the photoelectric load cable on the deployment test device.

9. The underwater electromagnetic testing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: After completing the artificial field source test and the natural field source test, the method further includes recovering the underwater electromagnetic instrument, and the recovering of the underwater electromagnetic instrument specifically includes the following steps: The deployment test device is used to control the underwater electromagnetic instrument to separate from the counterweight, so that the underwater electromagnetic instrument separated from the counterweight naturally floats up; The surfaced underwater electromagnetic instrument was salvaged.

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