Thermal coupling test method for multi-level repetitive force of heat prevention and insulation bearing integrated structure
Through the multi-level repeating force thermal coupling test method, loads are applied step by step and measurement are optimized to optimize the integrated structure of anti-insulated and insulation bearings, which solves the problem that the performance of the integrated structure of anti-insulated and insulation bearings in the prior art cannot be fully verified, and achieves the optimization of structural design and performance satisfaction.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411584765.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-22
AI Technical Summary
The prior art cannot effectively verify the multi-level repetitive force thermal coupling performance of the integrated structure of the anti-insulated and heat-bearing, resulting in insufficient design and inability to meet the reuse requirements of the aircraft.
A multi-level repeated force thermal coupling test method is adopted, including component level, component level and component level tests, applying temperature and force load step by step, measuring by arranging temperature sensors and strain gauges, and optimizing the thermal insulation structure materials and connection forms until the test is passed.
The comprehensive performance verification of the integrated structure of heat-insulating and load-bearing is achieved, and the design scheme is optimized to ensure that the structure meets the heat-proof and load-bearing requirements during reuse.
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Figure CN120352470A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of aerospace structure test technology, and particularly relates to a multi-level repeated force-thermal coupling test method for a heat insulation and load-bearing integrated structure. Background Art
[0002] When an aircraft cruises at high speed in the near space, due to the oncoming flow on the structure surface being decelerated by shock wave compression or viscous drag, a large amount of kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, resulting in a sharp increase in the air flow temperature. On the one hand, the external surface structure of the aircraft needs to withstand the aerodynamic heating effect, resist and impede the temperature load, and on the other hand, it needs to withstand the aerodynamic load and participate in the structural load transfer. At the same time, the internal flow channel structure of the nozzle structure of the near space high-speed aircraft is affected by the ultra-high temperature gas, and the structure temperature far exceeds the service limit of the load-bearing structure material and needs to bear the aerodynamic pressure brought by the gas expansion. Therefore, an integrated structure that can simultaneously achieve heat protection, heat insulation, and load-bearing must be introduced on the surface of the near space high-speed aircraft structure.
[0003] The structural form of the heat insulation and load-bearing integrated structure is more complex than the traditional structure, and a large number of woven materials such as ceramic matrix are used, and local structure replacement and reinforcement cannot be achieved. The reusable performance of the aircraft will be largely determined by the heat insulation and load-bearing integrated structure.
[0004] To fully verify the heat insulation performance and load-bearing capacity of the heat insulation and load-bearing integrated structure, whether it meets the use requirements and is used to guide the design, a multi-level repeated force-thermal coupling test method applicable to the heat insulation and load-bearing integrated structure is needed. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a multi-level repeated force-thermal coupling test method for a heat insulation and load-bearing integrated structure to solve or alleviate at least one problem in the background art.
[0006] The technical solution of this application is: A multi-level repeated force-thermal coupling test method for a heat insulation and load-bearing integrated structure, including:
[0007] Select typical parts of the heat insulation and load-bearing integrated structure to construct test pieces, and the test pieces include component-level test pieces, assembly-level test pieces, and part-level test pieces;
[0008] Apply temperature load to the component-level test pieces for testing, and measure by arranging temperature sensors. According to the assessment results of the component-level test pieces, optimize the type, thickness dimension, and connection form of the heat insulation structure material until the repeated heat assessment test of the component-level test pieces passes;
[0009] Apply temperature load and force load to the component-level test piece for testing, and measure through the arrangement of temperature sensors and strain gauges. According to the assessment results of the component-level test piece, optimize the connection form, thermal stress release method, and the configuration and size of the load-bearing structure until the component-level test piece passes the repeated thermal and force assessment test;
[0010] Apply temperature load and force load to the subassembly-level test piece for testing, and measure through the arrangement of temperature sensors and strain gauges. Measure the back temperature of each layer structure of the integrated thermal insulation and protection, assess the thermal insulation and protection performance of the structure, measure the strain of the thermal protection structure and the load-bearing structure, and assess the load-bearing capacity of the structure.
[0011] Furthermore, during the process of constructing the test piece by selecting typical parts of the integrated thermal insulation and load-bearing structure, select the parts with the highest temperature load, the largest force load, and all connection forms in the integrated thermal insulation and load-bearing structure to construct the component-level test piece;
[0012] Select the part including the functional layer structure and typical connection form in the component-level structure to construct the element-level test piece.
[0013] Furthermore, the temperature load is determined according to the loading duration and the highest loading temperature in the area with the most severe temperature load of the structure to be designed for the aircraft.
[0014] Furthermore, during the process of applying the temperature load profile to the element-level test piece for testing, place the element-level test piece on a support platform with a modular quartz lamp group heater, make the element-level test piece located at the center of the heating area, place the element-level test piece in an aerogel thermal insulation frame, the opening of the aerogel thermal insulation frame is the same size as the element-level test piece, and at the same time fill and seal the gap between the aerogel thermal insulation frame and the element-level test piece with flexible thermal insulation materials.
[0015] Furthermore, during the process of testing the element-level test piece, the temperature sensor arrangement scheme is as follows:
[0016] 1) Surface temperature uniformity monitoring: Arrange multiple temperature sensors on the upper surface of the outer thermal protection surface, and the arrangement positions include the positions of the connectors, the positions around the connectors, and the edge positions of the test piece;
[0017] 2) Thermal insulation and protection performance monitoring: Arrange multiple temperature sensors on the lower surface of the load-bearing layer, and the arrangement positions include the positions around the connectors and the edge positions of the test piece;
[0018] 3) "Thermal short circuit" phenomenon monitoring: Arrange one temperature sensor on the lower surface of the connector.
[0019] Further, during the test of applying temperature load and force load to the component-level test piece, the component-level test piece is vertically installed. The two sides of the component-level test piece are connected to the T-shaped lugs through bolts, and then the lugs are fixed by the chucks on both sides of the testing machine, so as to apply in-plane load;
[0020] A transfer plate 12 is arranged at the bottom of the component-level test piece, and the transfer plate is connected through a wire rope soft counterweight tray, so as to apply out-of-plane load;
[0021] The temperature load is radiatively heated by a quartz lamp group heater. For the area that does not need to be heated on the front surface of the component-level test piece and the side area of the component-level test piece, it is blocked by an aerogel heat insulation frame and wrapped with asbestos felt heat insulation material.
[0022] Further, during the test of the component-level test piece, the temperature sensor layout scheme is as follows:
[0023] 1) Thermal insulation performance monitoring: Temperature sensors are arranged at the center of the front and back surfaces of the thermal protection panel of the component-level test piece, at the center of the upper and lower surfaces of the thermal insulation layer board, and at the center of the upper and lower surfaces of the bearing layer. The connecting wires of the temperature sensors are led out through the reserved slots in the thermal insulation layer;
[0024] 2) Structural surface temperature uniformity monitoring: Temperature sensors are arranged at the center and edges of each layer;
[0025] 3) "Thermal short circuit" phenomenon monitoring: One temperature sensor is arranged at the head and root of the connecting bolt respectively.
[0026] Further, during the test of the component-level test piece, the strain gauge layout scheme is as follows:
[0027] 1) Thermal protection panel strain measurement: Strain gauges are arranged in the stress concentration areas of the bolt connections at the upper edge, the middle bolt connection stress concentration area, and the center stress-free area of the thermal protection panel of the component-level test piece;
[0028] 2) Bearing layer strain measurement: Strain gauges are arranged in the bolt connection area, the middle rib loading area, and the two-side rib support area of the bearing layer of the component-level test piece.
[0029] Further, during the test of the component-level test piece, the temperature sensor layout scheme is as follows:
[0030] 1) Thermal insulation performance monitoring: Temperature sensors are arranged at the center of the surfaces of the thermal protection layer, the thermal insulation layer, the upper part of the bearing layer, and the lower part of the bearing layer in three areas on one side;
[0031] 2) Symmetry performance monitoring: Temperature sensors are arranged at the center of the surfaces of the thermal protection layer, the thermal insulation layer, the upper part of the bearing layer, and the lower part of the bearing layer in the symmetric areas of three areas on one side;
[0032] 3) Monitoring of the "thermal short circuit" protection performance: Temperature measurement points are arranged at the top and bottom of the edge bolts in the unilateral area, and temperature sensors are arranged near each layer of panels at the edge of the bolts.
[0033] Furthermore, during the test of the component-level test piece, the strain gauge layout scheme is as follows: Strain gauges are arranged in the bolt connection area, the middle stringer loading area, and the two-side stringer support area of the load-bearing layer of the component-level test piece to measure the strain of the load-bearing layer.
[0034] Starting from aspects such as the design of the test piece, the design of the test load constraint, and the measurement layout scheme during the test, this application comprehensively provides a multi-level repetitive force-thermal coupling test method applicable to the thermal insulation and load-bearing integrated structure, which can improve the sufficiency and accuracy of test verification and provide data support for the design of the thermal insulation and load-bearing integrated structure. Brief Description of the Drawings
[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions provided by this application, the drawings will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application.
[0036] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the multi-level repetitive force-thermal coupling test method for the thermal insulation and load-bearing integrated structure of this application.
[0037] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the typical thermal insulation and load-bearing integrated structure of an embodiment of this application.
[0038] Figure 3A Front view schematic diagram of the component-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0039] Figure 3B Back view schematic diagram of the component-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0040] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the element-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0041] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the support platform of the element-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0042] Figure 6 Installation schematic diagram of the element-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0043] Figure 7A Schematic diagram of the front temperature test layout scheme of the element-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0044] Figure 7B Schematic diagram of the back temperature test layout scheme of the element-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0045] Figure 8A This is the front view of the test force loading for the component-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0046] Figure 8B This is the front view of the test force loading for the component-level test piece before loading in an embodiment of this application.
[0047] Figure 9 This is the schematic diagram of the implementation state of the component-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0048] Figure 10 This is the schematic diagram of the layout scheme of the temperature sensors for the component-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0049] Figure 11A This is the schematic diagram of the layout scheme of the front strain gauges for the component-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0050] Figure 11B This is the schematic diagram of the layout scheme of the back strain gauges for the component-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0051] Figure 12 This is the schematic diagram of the installation state of the component-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0052] Figure 13 This is the schematic diagram of the temperature loading scheme for the component-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0053] Figure 14 This is the schematic diagram of the force loading scheme for the component-level test piece in an embodiment of this application.
[0054] Figure 15 This is the schematic diagram of the layout of the temperature measurement points for the component-level test piece in an embodiment of this application;
[0055] Figure 16 This is the schematic diagram of the layout of the strain measurement points for the component-level test piece in an embodiment of this application. Detailed implementation manners
[0056] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the implementation of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application.
[0057] In view of the complex composition of the integrated heat - insulation and load - bearing structure and the different functions of different layers, to fully verify the performance of the integrated structure, this application conducts assessments from multiple aspects such as heat protection, heat insulation, load - bearing, and connection matching. It overcomes the problem that single - level tests cannot comprehensively verify at one time and will cause economic waste. This application proposes to use a multi - level repeated force - heat coupling test method to gradually verify the heat - insulation and load - bearing performance, load - bearing performance, and structural connection matching performance of the integrated heat - insulation and load - bearing structure, which can not only comprehensively verify the structural performance but also optimize the scheme in a timely manner to ensure that the design of the integrated heat - insulation and load - bearing structure meets the usage requirements.
[0058] As Figure 1 shown, the multi - level repeated force - heat coupling test method for the integrated heat - insulation and load - bearing structure provided by this application includes the following processes:
[0059] Step S10, select a typical part of the integrated heat - insulation and load - bearing structure (or simply referred to as the integrated structure) to construct test pieces, which include component - level test pieces, sub - assembly - level test pieces, and part - level test pieces.
[0060] For the force - heat coupling test of the integrated structure, in this application, combined verification is carried out from multiple levels such as the component level, sub - assembly level, and part level. By designing test pieces at each level, data support is provided step by step upwards, and finally, the performance verification of the complete integrated structure is completed.
[0061] As Figure 2 shown is a high - temperature U - shaped nozzle in an embodiment of this application. The high - temperature U - shaped nozzle is the integrated heat - insulation and load - bearing structure to be tested, which is composed of four parts: a heat - protection layer, a heat - insulation layer, a load - bearing layer, and a connecting piece. The test piece design is from the high - level to the low - level. According to the highest temperature load, the largest force load, and including all connection forms, select the Figure 2 part shown in area A in
[0062] As Figure 3A and Figure 3B shown, the sub - assembly - level test piece 10 fixes the heat - protection layer and the heat - insulation layer on the back of the load - bearing layer through ceramic - matrix composite material bolts. The other side of the load - bearing layer has three stiffening rib flanges. Both sides of the load - bearing layer are fixed on the frame fixture 11, and the middle stiffening rib flange is connected to the loading fixture.
[0063] The sub - assembly - level test piece is a flat - plate structure composed of four parts: a heat - protection layer, a heat - insulation layer, a load - bearing layer, and a connection structure. According to the principle of including all functional layer structures and typical connection forms, further select the part shown in area B in Figure 3A to construct the component - level test piece. The constructed component - level test piece 20 is as Figure 4 shown.
[0064] Step S20, determine the assessment content of each level of test and construct the test plan for each level of test piece.
[0065] Step S21, Assessment Contents of Component-Level Test
[0066] The purpose of the component-level test is to assess the large-area heat insulation performance of the component-level structure and the heat insulation performance of the connection structure. The temperature load profile applied to the component-level test piece 20 is determined according to the loading duration and the maximum loading temperature in the most severe temperature load area of the structure to be designed for the aircraft. In this application, the component-level test piece 20 is uniformly heated on its heat protection surface by a quartz lamp group heater 21. An adiabatic boundary condition is set on the side surface of the component-level test piece 20, and a comparative analysis of two states of adiabatic and natural convection is carried out on the back surface of the component-level test piece 20 to measure the back temperature of each layer structure and assess the heat insulation performance; measure the back temperature of the structure near the connection structure to assess the "thermal short circuit" situation of the connection structure. According to the component-level assessment results, optimize the material type, thickness dimension, connection form, etc. of the large-area heat insulation structure until the component-level test piece passes the repeated heat assessment test, so as to provide a feasible heat protection scheme for the subassembly-level test.
[0067] Step S22, Test and Measurement Scheme of Component-Level Test Piece
[0068] As Figure 5 shown in the schematic diagram of the component-level test piece test scheme in this application, the component-level test piece 20 is vertically installed on the support platform 21, and the heat protection surface is heated by a quartz lamp group heater 22 with a size much larger than that of the component-level test piece 20.
[0069] When installing the component-level test piece 20, place the component-level test piece 20 on the support platform 21 with a modular quartz lamp group heater 22 so that the component-level test piece 20 is located at the center of the heating area. As Figure 6 shown, the component-level test piece 20 is placed in the aerogel heat insulation frame 23, and the opening of the aerogel heat insulation frame 23 is the same size as that of the component-level test piece 20. To prevent heat leakage from the side surface of the component-level test piece 20 during the heating process, the gap between the aerogel heat insulation frame 23 and the component-level test piece 20 is filled and sealed with a flexible heat insulation material.
[0070] Perform temperature loading according to the temperature load profile to complete a single test. After the component-level test piece cools down to room temperature, repeat the test.
[0071] Among them, the measurement layout scheme in the test is as follows:
[0072] 1) Monitoring of surface temperature uniformity: Arrange multiple temperature sensors on the upper surface of the outer heat protection surface, and the arrangement positions include the connection part position, the peripheral position of the connection part, and the edge position of the test piece, such as Figure 7A the five temperature sensors T1 to T5 shown in
[0073] 2) Monitoring of heat insulation performance: A plurality of temperature sensors are arranged on the lower surface of the load-bearing layer, and the arrangement positions include the positions around the connectors and the edge positions of the test piece, such as Figure 7B the four temperature sensors T6 to T9 shown in
[0074] 3) Monitoring of the "thermal short circuit" phenomenon: One temperature sensor T10 is arranged on the lower surface of the connector.
[0075] Step S23, Assessment content of the component-level test
[0076] The purpose of the component-level test is to verify the heat insulation performance of the component-level structure and assess the load-bearing capacity of the component-level structure under the loaded state. The temperature load profile of the component-level test piece adopts the temperature load profile of the element-level test piece, and the force load is applied according to the typical loading methods of the structure to be designed of the aircraft. The component-level test uniformly heats the heat insulation surface through multiple quartz lamp group heaters. An adiabatic boundary condition is set on the side surface of the component-level test piece, and the back surface of the component-level test piece analyzes and compares two states of adiabatic and natural convection. At the same time, in-plane and out-of-plane loading are applied to the component-level test piece. During the test, the back temperature of each layer structure is measured to assess the heat insulation performance of the structure; the strain of the heat protection structure and the load-bearing structure is measured to assess the load-bearing capacity of the structure; the strain near the connection structure is measured to assess the connection matching performance of the structure. According to the assessment results of the single force-heat test of the component-level test piece, the connection form of the structure, the heat stress release method, and the configuration and size of the load-bearing structure are optimized. Until the component-level test piece passes the repeated force-heat assessment test, so as to provide a feasible connection matching scheme for the subassembly-level test.
[0077] Step S24, Test and test plan for the component-level test
[0078] Force loads and temperature loads need to be applied to the component-level test piece. As Figure 8A and Figure 8B shown in the force load application schematic diagram of the component-level test piece, where F1 is the out-of-plane applied force load, perpendicular to the plane of the component-level test piece, F2 is the in-plane equivalent force load, and F3 is the in-plane equivalent dynamic load. The temperature load heats the test area through a quartz lamp group heater.
[0079] As Figure 9 shown in the implementation state schematic diagram of the component-level test piece in this application, the component-level test piece 10 is vertically installed. The two sides of the component-level test piece 10 are connected to the T-shaped lugs 11 by bolts, and then the lugs are fixed by the chucks on both sides of the testing machine 15 to apply the in-plane load. The bottom adapter plate 12 of the component-level test piece 10, and the adapter plate 12 is flexibly connected to the counterweight tray 14 by a steel wire rope to apply the out-of-plane load. The temperature load is radiatively heated by the quartz lamp group heater 13. For the area that does not need to be heated on the front surface of the component-level test piece 10 and the side area of the component-level test piece, it is sealed by an aerogel heat insulation frame and wrapped with asbestos felt heat insulation material.
[0080] Load according to the temperature load profile to complete a single test. After the structure cools down to room temperature, repeat the test.
[0081] Among them, as Figure 10 shown, the measurement layout plan in the test is as follows:
[0082] 1) Monitoring of heat insulation performance: Temperature sensors are arranged at the center of the front and back surfaces of the heat protection panel of the component-level test piece, at the center of the upper and lower surfaces of the heat insulation layer board, and at the center of the upper and lower surfaces of the bearing layer. The connecting wires of the temperature sensors are led out through the reserved slots in the heat insulation layer;
[0083] 2) Monitoring of the temperature uniformity on the surface of the structure: Temperature sensors are arranged at the center and edges of each layer;
[0084] 3) Monitoring of the "thermal short circuit" phenomenon: One temperature sensor is arranged at the head and root of the connecting bolt.
[0085] As Figure 11A and Figure 11B shown, strain gauges are arranged on the component-level test piece, and the layout plan is as follows:
[0086] 1) Strain measurement of the heat protection panel: Strain gauges are arranged in the stress concentration areas of the bolt connections at the upper edge, the middle bolt connection stress concentration area, and the center stress-free area of the heat protection panel of the component-level test piece;
[0087] 2) Strain measurement of the bearing layer: Strain gauges are arranged in the ceramic bolt connection area, the middle rib loading area, and the two-side rib support area of the bearing layer of the component-level test piece.
[0088] Step S25, Assessment content of the component-level test
[0089] The purpose of the component-level test is to verify the heat insulation performance and load-bearing performance of the component-level structure, and to assess the reliability of various connection forms of the component-level test piece under non-uniform load conditions. In the component-level test, multiple quartz lamp group heaters are used to heat the heat insulation surface in zones. An adiabatic boundary condition is set on the side surface of the component-level test piece, and the back surface of the component-level test piece is analyzed by comparing the two states of adiabatic and natural convection. At the same time, out-of-plane multi-point loading is applied to the component-level test piece. During the test process, the back temperature of each layer of the structure is measured to assess the heat insulation performance of the structure, and the strain of the heat protection structure and the load-bearing structure is measured to assess the load-bearing capacity of the structure.
[0090] Step S26, Test and measurement plan for the component-level test
[0091] As Figure 12Schematic diagram of the test plan for the component-level test piece. The component-level test piece 100 is constrained and fixed on the test piece support frame 102 through the test piece support device 101, and its degrees of freedom are three translational degrees of freedom in different directions.
[0092] As Figure 13 shown, the component-level test piece 100 is provided with six temperature zones according to the usage requirements, and a quartz lamp group heater is used to independently control the temperature for loading. To simulate the structural aerodynamic pressure load of the high-temperature U-shaped nozzle, a method of applying out-of-plane loads in zones is adopted for simulation, and the loading scheme is as Figure 14 shown.
[0093] Load the component-level test piece 100 according to the temperature load profile to complete a single test. After the structure cools down to room temperature, repeat the test.
[0094] Among them, as Figure 15 shown in the schematic diagram of the temperature measurement point positions, the measurement layout scheme in the test is as follows:
[0095] 1) Monitoring of the thermal insulation performance: Arrange temperature sensors at the center of the surfaces of the thermal protection layer, thermal insulation layer, upper part of the load-bearing layer, and lower part of the load-bearing layer in areas 1, 2, and 3;
[0096] 2) Monitoring of the symmetry performance: Arrange temperature sensors at the center of the surfaces of the thermal protection layer, thermal insulation layer, upper part of the load-bearing layer, and lower part of the load-bearing layer in the symmetric areas (areas 4, 5, and 6) of areas 1, 2, and 3;
[0097] 3) Monitoring of the "thermal short circuit" protection performance: Arrange temperature measurement points at the top and bottom of the edge bolts in areas 1 and 3, and arrange temperature sensors near the panels of each layer near the bolts;
[0098] 4) Monitoring of the surface temperature uniformity: Arrange temperature sensors at the center, edge center, and corners of the panels of each layer in areas 1, 2, and 3.
[0099] As Figure 16 shown in the schematic diagram of the strain measurement point arrangement of the component-level test piece, strain gauges are arranged in the ceramic bolt connection area, middle rib loading area, and two-side rib support area of the load-bearing layer of the component-level test piece to measure the strain of the load-bearing layer.
[0100] From the perspectives of the test piece design, test load constraint design, and measurement layout scheme in the test, this application comprehensively presents a multi-level repetitive force-thermal coupling test method applicable to the thermal insulation and load-bearing integrated structure, which can improve the sufficiency and accuracy of test verification and provide data support for the design of the thermal insulation and load-bearing integrated structure.
[0101] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner of the present application. However, the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims described above.
Claims
1. A multi-level repeated force thermal coupling test method for an integrated heat insulation and load-bearing structure, characterized in that Including: Select typical parts of the heat insulation and load-bearing integrated structure to construct test pieces, which include component-level test pieces, assembly-level test pieces and part-level test pieces; Determine the assessment content and conduct tests for test pieces at each level, including: Apply temperature load to the component-level test piece for testing, and measure it by arranging temperature sensors. According to the assessment results of the component-level test piece, optimize the heat insulation structure material type, thickness dimension and connection form until the component-level test piece passes the repeated heat assessment test; Apply temperature load and force load to the assembly-level test piece for testing, and measure it by arranging temperature sensors and strain gauges. According to the assessment results of the assembly-level test piece, optimize the connection form, heat stress release method and load-bearing structure configuration and size until the assembly-level test piece passes the repeated force and heat assessment test; Apply temperature load and force load to the part-level test piece for testing, and measure it by arranging temperature sensors and strain gauges. Measure the back temperature of each layer structure of the heat insulation integration to assess the heat insulation performance of the structure, and measure the strain of the heat protection structure and load-bearing structure to assess the load-bearing capacity of the structure.
2. The multi-level repetitive force and thermal coupling test method for the integrated anti-heat-insulation and load-bearing structure according to claim 1, characterized in that During the process of selecting typical parts of the heat insulation and load-bearing integrated structure to construct test pieces, select the part with the highest temperature load, the largest force load and all connection forms in the heat insulation and load-bearing integrated structure to construct the assembly-level test piece; Select the part including the functional layer structure and typical connection form in the assembly-level structure to construct the component-level test piece.
3. The multi-level repeated force and thermal coupling test method for the integrated anti-heat-insulation and load-bearing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that The temperature load is determined according to the loading duration and the highest loading temperature in the area with the most severe temperature load of the structure to be designed for the aircraft.
4. The method for multi-level repetitive force-thermal coupling test of the heat-insulating and load-bearing integrated structure according to claim 3, wherein During the process of applying the temperature load profile to the component-level test piece for testing, place the component-level test piece on a support platform with a modular quartz lamp group heater, make the component-level test piece located at the center of the heating area, place the component-level test piece in an aerogel heat insulation frame, the opening of the aerogel heat insulation frame is the same size as the component-level test piece, and at the same time fill and seal the gap between the aerogel heat insulation frame and the component-level test piece with flexible heat insulation materials.
5. The method for multi-level repetitive force and thermal coupling test of the integrated anti-heat-insulation and load-bearing structure according to claim 4, wherein, During the testing process of the component-level test piece, the temperature sensor arrangement scheme is as follows: 1) Surface temperature uniformity monitoring: Arrange multiple temperature sensors on the upper surface of the outer heat protection surface, and the arrangement positions include the connection part position, the position around the connection part and the edge position of the test piece; 2) Heat insulation performance monitoring: Arrange multiple temperature sensors on the lower surface of the load-bearing layer, and the arrangement positions include the position around the connection part and the edge position of the test piece; 3) "Thermal short circuit" phenomenon monitoring: Arrange one temperature sensor on the lower surface of the connection part.
6. The multi-level repetitive force and thermal coupling test method for the integrated heat insulation and load-bearing structure according to claim 5, characterized in that During the process of applying temperature load and force load to the assembly-level test piece for testing, the assembly-level test piece is installed vertically. The two sides of the assembly-level test piece are connected to T-shaped lugs by bolts, and then the lugs are fixed by the chucks on both sides of the testing machine to apply in-plane load; A transfer plate 12 is arranged at the bottom of the assembly-level test piece, and the transfer plate is connected by a wire rope soft counterweight tray to apply out-of-plane load; The temperature load is radiatively heated by a quartz lamp group heater. For the areas on the front side of the component-level test piece that do not require heating and the side areas of the component-level test piece, they are wrapped with an aerogel heat insulation frame and asbestos felt heat insulation material.
7. The multi-level repetitive force and thermal coupling test method for the integrated anti-heat-insulation and load-bearing structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the test of the component-level test piece, the temperature sensor layout scheme is as follows: 1) Thermal insulation performance monitoring: Temperature sensors are arranged at the centers of the front and back surfaces of the heat protection panel of the component-level test piece, at the centers of the upper and lower surfaces of the heat insulation layer board, and at the centers of the upper and lower surfaces of the load-bearing layer. The connecting wires of the temperature sensors are led out through the reserved slots in the heat insulation layer. 2) Structural surface temperature uniformity monitoring: Temperature sensors are arranged at the centers and edges of each layer. 3) "Thermal short circuit" phenomenon monitoring: One temperature sensor is arranged at the head and root of the connecting bolt respectively.
8. The multi-level repetitive force and thermal coupling test method for the integrated anti-heat-insulation and load-bearing structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, During the test of the component-level test piece, the strain gauge layout scheme is as follows: 1) Strain measurement of the heat protection panel: Strain gauges are arranged in the stress concentration areas of the bolt connections at the upper edge, the middle bolt connection stress concentration area, and the center stress-free area of the heat protection panel of the component-level test piece. 2) Strain measurement of the load-bearing layer: Strain gauges are arranged in the bolt connection area, the middle rib loading area, and the two-side rib support area of the load-bearing layer of the component-level test piece.
9. The multi-level repeated force and thermal coupling test method for the heat insulation and load-bearing integrated structure according to claim 8, wherein During the test of the component-level test piece, the temperature sensor layout scheme is as follows: 1) Thermal insulation performance monitoring: Temperature sensors are arranged at the centers of the surfaces of the heat protection layer, the heat insulation layer, the upper part of the load-bearing layer, and the lower part of the load-bearing layer in three areas on one side. 2) Symmetry performance monitoring: Temperature sensors are arranged at the centers of the surfaces of the heat protection layer, the heat insulation layer, the upper part of the load-bearing layer, and the lower part of the load-bearing layer in the symmetric areas of three areas on one side. 3) "Thermal short circuit" protection performance monitoring: Temperature measurement points are arranged at the top and bottom of the edge bolts in one-side area, and temperature sensors are arranged near each layer of panels at the edge of the bolts.
10. The multi-level repetitive force and thermal coupling test method for the integrated heat insulation and load-bearing structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, During the test of the component-level test piece, the strain gauge layout scheme is: Strain gauges are arranged in the bolt connection area, the middle rib loading area, and the two-side rib support area of the load-bearing layer of the component-level test piece for strain measurement of the load-bearing layer.