Small generator

Abstract

The invention discloses a small generator, and relates to the technical field of generators. The motor comprises a shell, double-end heat dissipation ventilation holes, a permanent magnet shielding rotor and a temperature control torsion limiting protection assembly. The grooves in the periphery of the rotor and the built-in paddles construct through airflow during rotation, so that self-dispersing heat dissipation is realized; coil temperature rise triggers a triode through a thermistor to drive a protection electromagnet, torque transmission of a fluted disc friction coupling is adjusted, and continuous derating can be achieved until zero-coupling shutdown is achieved; the permanent magnet adjusting assembly rapidly cuts off magnetic field output through an iron shell-aluminum strip-permanent magnet combination and an electromagnetic locking mechanism, and it is guaranteed that no induced voltage exists in the overhaul period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of generators, in particular to a small generator. Background Art

[0002] Currently, small-power energy-saving generators and generator sets mostly adopt permanent magnet synchronous structures. Although they have the advantages of small size and high efficiency, they still generally face the following typical limitations: First, the stator coil heat dissipation method is single and relies on natural convection, which increases the risk of high-temperature demagnetization; second, overload protection mostly relies on electronic current limiting or mechanical shear pins, which has high maintenance costs; third, when the existing generator sets are shut down for maintenance or when power supply is temporarily not needed, if they are not started, there is a safety risk of electric shock; fourth, existing energy-saving generator sets emphasize electronic control intelligence, but ignore the adaptive safety mechanism on the mechanical end, resulting in a lack of a second line of defense in the event of electronic control failure or high temperature extreme conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a small generator, comprising a shell, a first end cover and a second end cover are fixedly mounted on both ends of the shell, a first vent hole and a second vent hole are respectively provided at circumferential positions of the first end cover and the second end cover, the second vent hole and the first vent hole are used to pass the air at both ends of the shell; an aluminum alloy rotating shaft is rotatably arranged between the opposite surfaces of the first end cover and the second end cover, an aluminum alloy rotor body is fixedly mounted on the aluminum alloy rotating shaft, the aluminum alloy rotor body is coaxially matched with the shell, and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy rotor body is aligned with the inner surface of the shell. There is a gap between the walls, and the circumferential surface of the aluminum alloy rotor body is provided with a plurality of grooves arranged in a circular equidistant array along its own axial direction, which are used to increase the circumferential surface area of the aluminum alloy rotor body. A plurality of permanent magnet adjustment components arranged in a circular equidistant array are embedded and installed inside the aluminum alloy rotor body, and a plurality of sets of coil windings are wound around the inner side of the outer shell, wherein the magnetic field of the permanent magnet adjustment component can pass through the coil winding; an input shaft is installed at one end of the aluminum alloy shaft through a protective component, and the input shaft is used to connect to the power input end, wherein a thermistor is embedded in the coil winding of the outer shell.

[0004] Preferably, the permanent magnet adjustment assembly includes two symmetrically arranged iron shells, two symmetrically arranged aluminum bars are fixedly installed between the opposite surfaces of the two iron shells, the two iron shells and the two aluminum bars form a cylindrical space, and a permanent magnet cylinder is rotatably installed in the cylindrical space, and the two poles of the permanent magnet cylinder are symmetrically arranged in a plane passing through the axis of the permanent magnet cylinder.

[0005] Preferably, an end face sealing plate is fixedly installed on the end face of the aluminum alloy rotor body, and the same number of adjustment execution gears as the permanent magnet adjustment assembly are rotatably installed on the circumferential position of the end face sealing plate. Each adjustment execution gear and the permanent magnet cylinder are fixedly and synchronously transmitted through an adjustment shaft rod, and an adjustment limiting gear is rotatably installed on the center position of the end face sealing plate, and an adjustment limiting cam is fixedly provided on the center position of the adjustment limiting gear, wherein all the adjustment execution gears are engaged with the adjustment limiting gear.

[0006] Preferably, a rotating buckle plate is fixed overhead on the side of the end face sealing plate, wherein the adjustment limiting gear and all the adjustment execution gears are rotatably mounted between the opposite surfaces of the rotating buckle plate and the end face sealing plate, wherein the adjustment limiting cam is arranged through the rotating buckle plate; a paddle is fixedly mounted on the circumferential surface of the rotating buckle plate, and the paddle is aligned with the position of the second air vent to drive the flow of air; the rotating buckle plate and the second end cover are rotationally engaged, and a cylindrical pit is provided at the axial position of the second end cover facing the rotating buckle plate, and an adjustment electromagnet is elastically installed in the pit by a tension spring, and the adjustment electromagnet and the inner wall of the cylindrical pit are slidably engaged along the axial direction of the aluminum alloy rotating shaft by a spline; and mutually meshing and snap-fitting protrusions are provided between the opposite surfaces of the adjusting electromagnet and the adjusting limiting cam, and the adjusting electromagnet and the adjusting limiting cam are magnetically engaged.

[0007] Preferably, the protective assembly includes a front housing fixedly mounted on the first end cap, and the first end cap and the front housing are coaxially matched. A gear disc sleeve is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the front housing near the first end cap, and a gear disc is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the gear disc sleeve. The gear disc is coaxially arranged with the first end cap and is fixedly matched with an aluminum alloy shaft. The aluminum alloy shaft passes through the first end cap and is fixedly matched with the gear disc.

[0008] Preferably, a central gear is rotatably provided at the center of the gear disc, and the central gear and the gear disc are meshed with each other through planetary gears. The planetary gears are rotatably mounted on the gear disc sleeve, and the rotation axis of the planetary gears is parallel to the axis of the gear disc sleeve and does not overlap.

[0009] Preferably, a protective electromagnet is fixedly installed on the side of the inner wall of the front end shell away from the first end cover, and the side magnetic force of the protective electromagnet is matched with a magnetic suction cup, which slides with the inner wall of the front end shell along the axial direction of the front end shell, and a sliding support sleeve is also provided on the inner wall of the front end shell in a spline sliding manner, and the sliding support sleeve is fixedly matched with the magnetic suction cup, and the sliding support sleeve is coaxially arranged with the aluminum alloy rotating shaft, and an extrusion friction disc is fixedly provided on the end of the sliding support sleeve close to the gear disc sleeve, and the extrusion friction disc is frictionally matched with the gear disc sleeve.

[0010] Preferably, an extrusion spring is provided around the circumferential surface of the sliding support sleeve, and the two ends of the extrusion spring are fixedly matched with the extrusion friction plate and the inner wall of the front end shell. The extrusion spring is used to push the extrusion friction plate to extrude the gear disc sleeve, so that friction is formed between the gear disc sleeve and the extrusion friction plate.

[0011] Preferably, a through hole is also provided on the front end shell, and an input shaft is rotatably installed at the axial position of the front end shell, one end of the input shaft passes through the gear sleeve and is coaxially fixed with the center gear; a flange mounting plate is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the front end shell.

[0012] Preferably, the thermistor and the fixed resistor R are connected in series to a 5V DC power supply, the collector, emitter and protective electromagnet of the NPN transistor are connected in series to a 12V DC power supply, the high potential point of the fixed resistor R is electrically connected to the base of the NPN transistor, and the low potential point of the fixed resistor R is electrically connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The motor of the present invention forms an active air duct through the outer peripheral groove of the aluminum alloy rotor body and the coaxial airflow blades, and induces air to pass through the coil area at high speed through the first and second air vents during the rotation of the equipment, thereby realizing real-time aerodynamic heat dissipation; compared with the traditional stator cooling method that relies on passive radiation or an external fan, it significantly suppresses the increase of copper loss and prolongs the insulation life, ensuring that stable voltage output is maintained during long-term high-load operation; (2) The present invention combines a temperature rise feedback mechanism composed of a thermistor-transistor-protective electromagnet, which can gradually weaken the torque transmission of the planetary gear chain before the winding temperature reaches the set limit, and finally realizes the decoupling between the input power and the rotor; avoids insulation breakdown or permanent magnet demagnetization due to overheating, and improves the operating safety under high-temperature conditions. While improving the reliability of the system, it also provides a second line of defense that is missing under conditions of electronic control failure or high temperature extremes; (3) The permanent magnet adjustment component of the present invention utilizes an iron shell, an aluminum bar, and a permanent magnet cylinder to form a dual-state unit with an openable and closed magnetic field, which can completely shield the magnetic circuit without disassembling the mechanical connection; achieving the safety requirements of instantaneous power outage, preventing accidental electric shock, and zero induced voltage during maintenance; (4) The gear sleeve and the extruded friction disk in the protection component of the present invention realize an adjustable friction coupling through magnetic attraction-spring composite loading, which quickly reduces the torque transfer coefficient when the temperature or load suddenly changes; compared with traditional overload protection that relies on shear pins, clutch plates or electronic current limiting, it can complete adaptive torque limiting and is simple to reset, avoiding shutdown to replace consumable parts or recalibrate the controller, greatly improving the maintainability and service life of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2This is a structural diagram of the second vent hole of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the front end housing of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the extrusion spring of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the aluminum alloy rotor structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the blade of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the adjustment and limiting convex disc of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the adjusting shaft rod of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the iron shell structure of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 11 This is the control diagram of the protection component of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 101-housing; 102-first end cover; 103-second end cover; 104-first vent; 105-gear disc; 106-aluminum alloy rotor body; 107-aluminum alloy shaft; 108-gear disc sleeve; 109-planetary gear; 110-center gear; 111-extrusion friction disc; 112-sliding support sleeve; 113-extrusion spring; 114-input shaft; 115-magnetic suction disc; 116-anti- Protective electromagnet; 117-front end housing; 118-second vent; 119-flange mounting plate; 120-rotating buckle plate; 121-blade; 122-tension spring; 123-adjusting electromagnet; 124-adjusting limiting cam; 125-adjusting limiting gear; 126-adjusting executing gear; 127-adjusting shaft; 128-permanent magnetic cylinder; 129-end face sealing plate; 130-iron shell; 131-aluminum bar. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following is combined with Figures 1-11 , and further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention through specific implementation methods.

[0027] The present invention provides a small generator, including a housing 101, a first end cover 102 and a second end cover 103 are fixedly mounted on both ends of the housing 101, and a first air vent 104 and a second air vent 118 are respectively provided on the circumference of the first end cover 102 and the second end cover 103, and the second air vent 118 and the first air vent 104 are used to pass the air at both ends of the housing 101; an aluminum alloy shaft 107 is rotatably provided between the opposite surfaces of the first end cover 102 and the second end cover 103, and an aluminum alloy rotor body 106 is fixedly mounted on the aluminum alloy shaft 107, and the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 is coaxially matched with the housing 101, and the outer surface of the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 is There is a gap between the inner wall of the shell 101, and the circumferential surface of the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 is provided with a plurality of grooves arranged in a circular equidistant array along its own axial direction, so as to increase the circumferential surface area of the aluminum alloy rotor body 106. A plurality of permanent magnet adjustment components arranged in a circular equidistant array are embedded in the interior of the aluminum alloy rotor body 106, and a plurality of coil windings are wound around the inner side of the shell 101, wherein the magnetic field of the permanent magnet adjustment component can pass through the coil winding; one end of the aluminum alloy shaft 107 is installed with an input shaft 114 through a protective component, and the input shaft 114 is used to connect to the power input end, wherein a thermistor is embedded in the coil winding of the shell 101.

[0028] The permanent magnet adjustment assembly includes two symmetrically arranged iron shells 130. Two symmetrically arranged aluminum bars 131 are fixedly mounted between the opposing surfaces of the two iron shells 130. The two iron shells 130 and the two aluminum bars 131 surround a cylindrical space, in which a permanent magnet cylinder 128 is rotatably mounted. The two poles of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 are symmetrically arranged in a plane passing through the axis of the permanent magnet cylinder 128. An end face sealing plate 129 is fixedly mounted on the end face of the aluminum alloy rotor body 106. The same number of adjustment actuator gears 126 as the permanent magnet adjustment assembly are rotatably mounted on the circumference of the end face sealing plate 129. Each adjustment actuator gear 126 is fixedly and synchronously driven with the permanent magnet cylinder 128 via an adjustment shaft 127. An adjustment limit gear 125 is rotatably mounted at the center of the end face sealing plate 129. An adjustment limit flange 124 is fixedly mounted at the center of the adjustment limit gear 125. All adjustment actuator gears 126 mesh with the adjustment limit gear 125. The side of the end face sealing plate 129 is fixed with a rotating buckle plate 120, wherein the adjustment limit gear 125 and all the adjustment execution gears 126 are rotatably mounted between the opposite surfaces of the rotating buckle plate 120 and the end face sealing plate 129, wherein the adjustment limit convex disc 124 is set through the rotating buckle plate 120; the circumferential surface of the rotating buckle plate 120 is fixedly mounted with a blade 121, which is aligned with the position of the second vent hole 118 to drive the flow of air; the rotating buckle plate 120 is aligned with the second end cover 103. The second end cover 103 is provided with a cylindrical recess at the axial position facing the rotating buckle plate 120, and an adjusting electromagnet 123 is elastically installed in the recess through a tension spring 122. The adjusting electromagnet 123 and the inner wall of the cylindrical recess are slidably fitted along the axial direction of the aluminum alloy rotating shaft 107 by means of a spline; and mutually engaged protrusions are provided between the opposing surfaces of the adjusting electromagnet 123 and the adjusting limiting cam 124, and the adjusting electromagnet 123 and the adjusting limiting cam 124 are magnetically fitted.

[0029] The protective assembly includes a front housing 117, which is fixedly mounted on the first end cap 102 and coaxially engages with the first end cap 102. A gear sleeve 108 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the front housing 117 near the first end cap 102. A gear 105 is rotatably mounted on the inner side of the gear sleeve 108. The gear 105 is coaxially arranged with the first end cap 102 and is fixedly engaged with an aluminum alloy shaft 107. The aluminum alloy shaft 107 passes through the first end cap 102 and is fixedly engaged with the gear 105. A central gear 110 is rotatably mounted at the center of the gear 105. The central gear 110 and the gear 105 are meshed and driven by planetary gears 109. The planetary gears 109 are rotatably mounted on the gear sleeve 108, and the rotation axis of the planetary gear 109 is parallel to the axis of the gear sleeve 108, but does not overlap. A protective electromagnet 116 is fixedly installed on the side of the inner wall of the front end shell 117 away from the first end cover 102, and the lateral magnetic force of the protective electromagnet 116 is matched with a magnetic suction cup 115. The magnetic suction cup 115 slides with the inner wall of the front end shell 117 along the axial direction of the front end shell 117. A sliding support sleeve 112 is also provided on the inner wall of the front end shell 117 by a spline sliding manner. The sliding support sleeve 112 is fixedly matched with the magnetic suction cup 115. The sliding support sleeve 112 is coaxially arranged with the aluminum alloy rotating shaft 107. An extrusion friction disc 111 is fixedly provided on the end of the sliding support sleeve 112 close to the gear disc sleeve 108, and the extrusion friction disc 111 is frictionally matched with the gear disc sleeve 108. A compression spring 113 is mounted around the circumferential surface of the sliding support sleeve 112. The ends of the compression spring 113 are fixedly engaged with the compression friction disc 111 and the inner wall of the front end housing 117. The compression spring 113 is used to push the compression friction disc 111 against the gear disc sleeve 108, thereby generating friction between the gear disc sleeve 108 and the compression friction disc 111. A through hole is also formed in the front end housing 117. An input shaft 114 is rotatably mounted on the axis of the front end housing 117. One end of the input shaft 114 passes through the gear disc sleeve 108 and is coaxially fixedly engaged with the central gear 110. A flange mounting plate 119 is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the front end housing 117. The thermistor and the fixed resistor R are connected in series to a 5V DC power supply, the collector, emitter and protective electromagnet 116 of the NPN transistor are connected in series to a 12V DC power supply, the high potential point of the fixed resistor R is electrically connected to the base of the NPN transistor, and the low potential point of the fixed resistor R is electrically connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor.

[0030] The working principle of a small generator disclosed in the present invention is as follows: the power input is fixed to the input shaft 114, and the entire device is fixed in the required position through the flange mounting plate 119, so that the external power source drives the input shaft 114 to rotate, and the rotation of the input shaft 114 will drive the central gear 110 to rotate, and the central gear 110 drives the planetary gears 109 to rotate, and the planetary gears 109 drive the gear plate 105 to rotate, and the rotation of the gear plate 105 will drive the aluminum alloy shaft 107 to rotate, and the rotation of the aluminum alloy shaft 107 will drive the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 to rotate, and the rotation of the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 will drive the permanent magnet adjustment component to rotate, and the magnetic field of the permanent magnet adjustment component will follow the rotation, thereby cutting the coil winding on the shell 101, and then causing the coil winding to generate an induced current. When the ambient temperature is high or the coil winding works under high load for a long time, the temperature of the coil winding will gradually increase, which will cause the internal resistance of the coil winding to increase, thereby reducing the power generation efficiency. Therefore, when the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 rotates, it will also drive the end face sealing plate 129, the rotating buckle plate 120 and the blades 121 on the rotating buckle plate 120 to rotate. The blades 121 drive the air flow, allowing the external air to pass through the first air vent 104, the outer shell 101 and the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 (coil winding), the blades 121, the second air vent 118, and the outside, thereby cooling the coil winding and the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 (the temperature will be transferred to the aluminum alloy rotor body 106).If the load increases further, or the speed of the power input source increases, or the temperature of the coil winding increases due to the increase in ambient temperature, the temperature of the corresponding thermistor will increase, and the resistance of the thermistor will decrease accordingly. The decrease in the resistance of the thermistor will cause the potential difference across the fixed resistor R to increase (at the initial normal temperature, the resistance of the thermistor is greater than the resistance of the fixed resistor R). When the potential difference across the fixed resistor R increases to 0.7V, the temperature corresponding to the resistance of the thermistor is the limit temperature of the coil winding (after exceeding this threshold temperature, the temperature needs to be limited). The input of the braking force source, thereby limiting the power generation), at the same time, the collector and emitter of the NPN transistor are connected, and the protective electromagnet 116 is energized. When the protective electromagnet 116 is energized, a magnetic force is generated, and an attraction is formed between the protective electromagnet 116 and the magnetic suction cup 115, which will cause the magnetic suction cup 115 to drive the sliding support sleeve 112 and the extrusion friction disc 111 to overcome the elastic force of the extrusion spring 113 and move in the direction away from the gear disc sleeve 108 (the movement trend, here refers to the force direction of the extrusion friction disc 111), so the extrusion friction disc 111 and the gear disc sleeve 108 are The friction between the gears 105 and the gears 105 will be reduced (the pressure between them will be reduced). At this time, the gear sleeve 108 is not in a completely fixed state. Therefore, when the central gear 110 rotates through the planetary gears 109 to drive the gear 105 to rotate, the planetary gears 109 will rotate and revolve at the same time, which will cause the power transmitted from the input shaft 114 to the aluminum alloy shaft 107 to be weakened. If the temperature of the coil winding rises further, this will cause the voltage of the base of the NPN transistor to increase, and will also cause the current flowing between the collector and emitter of the NPN transistor to increase, which will cause the protective electromagnet 116 to A greater magnetic force is generated, which further applies a force to squeeze the friction disk 111 away from the gear sleeve 108, further reducing the friction between the squeeze friction disk 111 and the gear sleeve 108, resulting in an increase in the orbital speed of the planetary gear 109. Therefore, the transmission efficiency between the input shaft 114 and the aluminum alloy shaft 107 is further reduced until the friction between the gear sleeve 108 and the squeeze friction disk 111 disappears. At this time, the planetary gear 109 is in a full orbital state, and the power between the input shaft 114 and the aluminum alloy shaft 107 is cut off (there is friction when the aluminum alloy shaft 107 rotates).When power generation is not needed, the adjusting electromagnet 123 is energized. After the adjusting electromagnet 123 generates magnetic force, it will overcome the elastic force of the tension spring 122 and move toward the adjusting limit convex plate 124, so that the adjusting electromagnet 123 and the adjusting limit convex plate 124 are attracted and meshed with each other. The adjusting electromagnet 123 limits the rotation of the adjusting limit convex plate 124, and then the aluminum alloy rotating shaft 107 is turned (actually the input rotating shaft 114 is turned when there is no power source connected) to rotate the aluminum alloy rotor body 106. The rotation of the aluminum alloy rotor body 106 will drive all the adjusting execution gears 126 to rotate around the axis of the aluminum alloy rotor body 106. Since the adjusting limit convex plate 124 is restricted by the adjusting electromagnet 123 and cannot rotate, the adjusting limit gear 125 cannot rotate either. At this time, all the adjusting execution gears 126 will revolve around the adjusting limit gear 125 and rotate at the same time. At this time, the adjusting execution gear 126 can be rotated ninety degrees. The adjustment execution gear 126 drives the permanent magnet cylinder 128 to rotate through the adjustment shaft 127. The rotation of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 will cause the two poles of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 to rotate. When the two poles of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 are facing the two aluminum bars 131, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 completely passes through the iron shell 130 (the two iron shells 130 wrap the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cylinder 128). At this time, there is no magnetic field outside the iron shell 130, so even if it rotates, it cannot cut the coil winding, and it cannot To generate electricity, when the symmetry plane between the two poles of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 aligns with the two aluminum bars 131, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 cannot magnetize the aluminum bars 131 (the iron shell 130 can be magnetized). Therefore, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 cannot be contained by the two iron shells 130 separated by the aluminum bars 131. Therefore, the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 will spread to the outside of the iron shell 130. At this time, rotation can cause the magnetic field of the permanent magnet cylinder 128 to cut through the coil winding, thereby generating an induced electromotive force and generating electricity. When power generation is not needed, it is used to directly physically cut off power generation to prevent users from electric shock and improve usage safety.

Claims

1. A small generator, characterized by: The invention comprises a housing (101), wherein a first end cover (102) and a second end cover (103) are fixedly mounted on both ends of the housing (101), a first vent hole (104) and a second vent hole (118) are respectively provided at circumferential positions of the first end cover (102) and the second end cover (103), and the second vent hole (118) and the first vent hole (104) are used to pass air between the two ends of the housing (101); An aluminum alloy rotating shaft (107) is rotatably arranged between the opposing surfaces of the first end cover (102) and the second end cover (103), and an aluminum alloy rotor body (106) is fixedly mounted on the aluminum alloy rotating shaft (107). The aluminum alloy rotor body (106) is coaxially matched with the housing (101), and a gap is left between the outer surface of the aluminum alloy rotor body (106) and the inner wall of the housing (101). A plurality of grooves arranged in a circular equidistant array are provided on the circumferential surface of the aluminum alloy rotor body (106) along its own axial direction, so as to increase the circumferential surface area of the aluminum alloy rotor body (106). A plurality of permanent magnet adjustment components arranged in a circular equidistant array are embedded and mounted inside the aluminum alloy rotor body (106), and a plurality of coil windings are wound around the inner side of the housing (101), wherein the magnetic field of the permanent magnet adjustment component can pass through the coil windings; An input shaft (114) is installed at one end of the aluminum alloy shaft (107) through a protective assembly. The input shaft (114) is used to connect to the power input end. A thermistor is embedded in the coil winding of the housing (101).

2. A small generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permanent magnet adjustment component comprises two symmetrically arranged iron shells (130), two symmetrically arranged aluminum bars (131) are fixedly installed between opposite surfaces of the two iron shells (130), the two iron shells (130) and the two aluminum bars (131) surround to form a cylindrical space, a permanent magnet cylinder (128) is rotatably installed in the cylindrical space, and two poles of the permanent magnet cylinder (128) are symmetrically arranged in a plane passing through the axis of the permanent magnet cylinder (128).

3. A small generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: An end face sealing plate (129) is fixedly mounted on the end face of the aluminum alloy rotor body (106), and an adjustment execution gear (126) having the same number as the permanent magnet adjustment assembly is rotatably mounted on the circumferential position of the end face sealing plate (129), and each adjustment execution gear (126) is fixedly and synchronously driven with the permanent magnet cylinder (128) via an adjustment shaft (127), and an adjustment limiting gear (125) is rotatably mounted on the center position of the end face sealing plate (129), and an adjustment limiting cam (124) is fixedly provided on the center position of the adjustment limiting gear (125), wherein all the adjustment execution gears (126) are meshed with the adjustment limiting gear (125).

4. A small generator according to claim 3, characterized in that: A rotating gusset plate (120) is fixed on the side of the end face sealing plate (129), wherein the regulating limiting gear (125) and all regulating execution gears (126) are rotatably mounted between the opposite surfaces of the rotating gusset plate (120) and the end face sealing plate (129), wherein the regulating limiting convex disc (124) is arranged through the rotating gusset plate (120); a paddle (121) is fixedly mounted on the circumferential surface of the rotating gusset plate (120), and the paddle (121) is aligned with the position of the second vent hole (118) for driving the flow of air; the rotating gusset plate (120) is aligned with the second end cover (118) 03), a cylindrical recess is provided on the axial center of one side of the second end cover (103) facing the rotating buckle plate (120), and an adjusting electromagnet (123) is elastically installed in the recess through a tension spring (122), and the adjusting electromagnet (123) and the inner wall of the cylindrical recess are slidably matched along the axial direction of the aluminum alloy rotating shaft (107) in a spline manner; and mutually engaged protrusions are provided between the opposing surfaces of the adjusting electromagnet (123) and the adjusting limiting convex disc (124), and the adjusting electromagnet (123) and the adjusting limiting convex disc (124) are magnetically matched.

5. A small generator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The protective component includes a front end shell (117), which is fixedly mounted on the first end cover (102), and the first end cover (102) and the front end shell (117) are coaxially matched, and a toothed disc sleeve (108) is rotatably mounted on a side of the inner wall of the front end shell (117) close to the first end cover (102), and a toothed disc (105) is rotatably provided on the inner side of the toothed disc sleeve (108), the toothed disc (105) and the first end cover (102) are coaxially arranged, and the toothed disc (105) is fixedly matched with the aluminum alloy rotating shaft (107).

6. A small generator according to claim 5, characterized in that: A central gear (110) is rotatably provided at the center of the toothed disc (105). The central gear (110) and the toothed disc (105) are meshed and driven by planetary gears (109). The planetary gears (109) are rotatably mounted on the toothed disc sleeve (108). The rotation axis of the planetary gear (109) is parallel to the axis of the toothed disc sleeve (108) and does not overlap.

7. A small generator according to claim 6, characterized in that: A protective electromagnet (116) is fixedly mounted on a side of the inner wall of the front end housing (117) away from the first end cover (102), and the lateral magnetic force of the protective electromagnet (116) is matched with a magnetic suction cup (115). The magnetic suction cup (115) slides with the inner wall of the front end housing (117) along the axial direction of the front end housing (117). A sliding support sleeve (112) is also provided on the inner wall of the front end housing (117) in a spline sliding manner. The sliding support sleeve (112) is fixedly matched with the magnetic suction cup (115). The sliding support sleeve (112) is coaxially arranged with the aluminum alloy rotating shaft (107). An extrusion friction disc (111) is fixedly provided at one end of the sliding support sleeve (112) close to the gear disc sleeve (108), and the extrusion friction disc (111) is frictionally matched with the gear disc sleeve (108).

8. A small generator according to claim 7, characterized in that: An extrusion spring (113) is provided around the circumferential surface of the sliding support sleeve (112), and both ends of the extrusion spring (113) are fixedly matched with the extrusion friction disk (111) and the inner wall of the front end housing (117). The extrusion spring (113) is used to push the extrusion friction disk (111) to extrude the toothed disk sleeve (108), so that friction is generated between the toothed disk sleeve (108) and the extrusion friction disk (111).

9. A small generator according to claim 8, characterized in that: A through hole is also provided on the front end housing (117), and an input shaft (114) is rotatably mounted on the axis of the front end housing (117). One end of the input shaft (114) passes through the gear disc sleeve (108) and is coaxially fixedly matched with the central gear (110); a flange mounting plate (119) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the front end housing (117).

10. A small generator according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thermistor and the fixed resistor R are connected in series to a 5V DC power supply, the collector, emitter and protective electromagnet (116) of the NPN transistor are connected in series to a 12V DC power supply, the high potential point of the fixed resistor R is electrically connected to the base of the NPN transistor, and the low potential point of the fixed resistor R is electrically connected to the emitter of the NPN transistor.

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