Wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite board and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite board and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of composite board materials. The wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate comprises a latticed wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer, a planar wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer, a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy consumption surface layer and a wear-resistant lining plate which are fixedly connected in sequence. Wherein the latticed wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer and the planar wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer are both made of wear-resistant composite materials; the wear-resistant composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30-40 parts of epoxy resin, 2-5 parts of basalt fiber, 50-60 parts of wear-resistant particles, 8-12 parts of a solid lubricant and 15-20 parts of a curing agent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of composite plate materials, in particular to a wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the hoppers of a range of mechanical equipment involved in the port transportation industry, such as ship unloaders, loaders, and excavators, suffer from severe wear during long-term ore loading and unloading operations. Existing hoppers are typically made of ordinary steel plates, which makes their rigidity and wear resistance difficult to meet the requirements of long-term use under heavy loads. Wear is particularly common on the webs on both sides of the hopper. Severe wear can directly lead to hopper deformation and even leakage. In order to effectively increase the service life of the hopper, the current common solution is to install a wear-resistant lining on the hopper. However, replacing the worn hopper steel plate requires personnel to perform high-altitude operations. First, the damaged steel plate needs to be cut off by flame cutting. Then the cut part needs to be polished. Then, a new replacement steel plate needs to be prepared according to the size and shape of the cut part. Finally, it needs to be lifted to the repair and replacement position by a crane for assembly and welding. Due to the high difficulty coefficient of high-altitude assembly and welding, it requires multiple people to work together to carry out this repair work, which greatly increases the maintenance cost. In addition, the loading and unloading hopper is generally set up in an open-air environment at the dock, and the outdoor shore working conditions are harsh, resulting in poor welding quality, which directly affects the service life of the hopper. In summary, the working conditions of the loading and unloading hopper are harsh, which places high demands on the materials used. Not only do they require certain strength, impact resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties, but especially for easily worn parts, they also need to have strong wear resistance. Traditional ordinary steel plates can no longer meet these requirements. How to choose the right material for the vulnerable parts of the hopper has become the key; Wear-resistant epoxy resin materials are increasingly being used in machinery and equipment such as ships and mines due to their low price, ease of application, and reapplicability. Currently, metal coatings, such as chrome plating, nickel plating, and titanium plating, are commonly used. Existing alloy coatings, such as NiCrBSi alloy coatings, can achieve a friction coefficient as low as 0.3, but require techniques such as laser cladding and plasma spraying, resulting in high costs and limited applicability to improving the wear resistance of port hoppers. Ceramic coatings, such as alumina, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide, are commonly used. These coatings incorporate nanomaterials to enhance wear resistance, or lubricants such as carbon nanotubes to reduce the friction coefficient and improve wear resistance. Polymer coatings, such as polyethylene, polyurethane, and epoxy resin, are commonly used. Nanocoatings can be used for equipment with extremely high wear resistance requirements, but require specialized spraying methods such as solution precursor plasma spraying and high-velocity suspension flame spraying. Combining different coating types can also achieve even higher wear resistance and adaptability to a wider range of environments. Composite coatings, such as metal-ceramic composite coatings and polymer-ceramic composite coatings, are commonly used. However, it has high requirements for construction technology and usage environment, and is expensive, making it unsuitable for large-scale engineering applications. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate, comprising a grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer, a flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer, a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer, and a wear-resistant liner, which are hot-pressed and fixed in sequence; Furthermore, the process parameters of hot pressing bonding are: temperature 135-150°C, pressure 20-25 MPa, and time 25-35 min; Furthermore, the grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer is composed of grid units, each grid unit is a square with a side length of 15 cm and a height of 3 cm; Furthermore, the thickness of the flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer is 3 cm; Furthermore, the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer is composed of concave-angle triangular grid units. The concave-angle triangular grid is produced by 3D printing. Each unit of the concave-angle triangular grid includes two symmetrical folded edges and two straight edges connecting the ends of the two folded edges. The two adjacent units on the left and right share a straight edge. Between the upper and lower units, the straight edge of the upper unit is located at the inflection point of the folded edge of the lower unit. Furthermore, the concave angle formed by the folded edge and the straight edge is 79.4°. The geometric shape of the structure is designed to be narrow in the middle and wide at both ends. When the structure is stretched, the internal geometry will produce relative rotation, thereby also producing tensile deformation in the lateral direction. This design allows the material to undergo biaxial compression when subjected to high-speed impact. The length L of each corner vertex of the concave triangle grid is the same as the thickness H of the pillar; Furthermore, the thickness of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer is 3 cm; Furthermore, the thickness of the wear-resistant liner is 3 cm; Furthermore, the grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer and the flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer are both made of a wear-resistant composite material; the wear-resistant composite material comprises the following raw materials by mass: 30-40 parts of epoxy resin, 3-5 parts of basalt fiber, 50-60 parts of wear-resistant particles, 8-12 parts of solid lubricant and 15-20 parts of curing agent; Furthermore, the wear-resistant particles are zirconium ball particles; Furthermore, the solid lubricant includes at least one of silicon carbide, garnet sand, and boron nitride.

[0005] A method for preparing a wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate comprises the following steps: Step 1: By weight, 30-40 parts of epoxy resin, 2-5 parts of basalt fiber, 50-60 parts of wear-resistant particles, 8-12 parts of solid lubricant and 15-20 parts of curing agent are stirred, vacuumed for 30-40 minutes, poured into a mold, smoothed and then allowed to stand for demoulding, and cured at 40°C for 16 hours and then at 25°C for 24 hours to obtain a grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate and a flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate; Step 2: By weight, 40-60 parts of epoxy resin, 8-10 parts of basalt fiber and 20-30 parts of curing agent are mixed to prepare a 3D printing epoxy resin-based ink, which is loaded into a 3D printer and molded by fused deposition modeling to obtain a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer board; Step 3: Take the wear-resistant lining plate, polish the surface of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface plate prepared in step 2, the flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate prepared in step 1, and the grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate, stack them in sequence, and perform hot pressing to form the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate; The basalt fiber is further surface-modified, specifically comprising: immersing the basalt fiber in an acetone solution, ultrasonically cleaning it for 1 hour, drying it, and then subjecting it to a low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment. The fiber is then transferred to an organic amine / anhydrous ethanol mixed solution, heated to 50°C and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a basalt fiber suspension. Isocyanate is placed in an ethyl acetate solution, added dropwise to the basalt fiber suspension, and heated to 80°C. After reacting for 1-2 hours, the fiber is removed, cleaned, and dried. The working conditions of low-temperature plasma treatment include: oxygen as the reaction gas, a gas flow rate of 15-30 mL / min, a discharge power of 90-120 W, and a treatment time of 300-500 s; The organic amine is at least one of alicyclic amine, polyether amine, and aromatic amine; The molar ratio of amino groups in the organic amine to isocyanate groups in the isocyanate is 1:(1-1.1); The basalt fiber mixture contains 5-8wt% basalt fiber; The total mass of organic amine and isocyanate accounts for 3-5% of the total mass of the system; Furthermore, the solid lubricant is pretreated, the solid lubricant is placed in anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically dispersed for 20-30 minutes, perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane is added dropwise, heated to 40-45° C., stirred for 40-60 minutes, allowed to stand, and then filtered and dried; The usage ratio of the solid lubricant and perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane is 1:(0.15-0.18).

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention adopts epoxy resin as the main casting material, and adds reinforcing materials including basalt fiber, wear-resistant particles and solid lubricant; the basalt fiber is surface-modified by plasma etching and in-situ polymerization; plasma etching improves the surface wettability of the basalt fiber and enhances the adhesion of subsequent polymers; polymers are grown in situ on the surface of the basalt fiber through the polycondensation reaction of isocyanate groups and amino groups, thereby improving the interfacial compatibility between the basalt fiber and the epoxy resin, reducing interfacial defects, and effectively improving the toughening effect of the basalt fiber in the epoxy resin; the solid lubricant is pretreated by modifying the solid lubricant with fluorosilane to improve its dispersibility in the epoxy resin; the high-toughness non-structural type of the basalt fiber is effectively improved to improve the toughness of the surface layer, the wear resistance of the wear-resistant particles, and the solid lubricant synergistically enhance the mechanical properties and friction and wear properties of the epoxy resin; 2. The present invention sequentially arranges a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer, an intermediate layer of grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer, and an outermost layer of basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer on the wear-resistant liner; wherein, in actual application, the grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer can retain part of the ore after the ore impact by utilizing the grid gap, and utilize the retained ore to withstand the impact of subsequent ore; the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer belongs to a negative Poisson's ratio structure, and when stretched, it will expand in the lateral direction instead of shrinking like ordinary materials, and vice versa. When compressed, they will shrink in the lateral direction instead of expanding. Due to its large volume deformation during stretching or compression, the negative Poisson's ratio structure usually has excellent energy absorption and impact resistance; 3. This application comprehensively considers the construction conditions and construction costs, and adds a composite plate composed of a grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer, a flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer and a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing surface layer to the surface of the traditional wear-resistant liner. This can effectively improve the wear resistance of the wear-resistant liner, thereby increasing the service life of the hopper and reducing construction costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate made by the present invention; wherein: 1 is a grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer, 2 is a flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer, 3 is a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer, and 4 is a wear-resistant liner; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer prepared by the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a planar wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer produced by the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross section of the concave angle triangular grid unit of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer prepared by the present invention; wherein 31 is the folded edge of the concave angle triangular grid unit, and 32 is the straight edge of the concave angle triangular grid unit; Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer prepared by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structural cross-section of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer produced by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0009] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate, the structure of which includes a 3mm grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer 1, a 3mm flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer 2, a 3mm basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer 3 and a 3mm wear-resistant liner 4 bonded in sequence from top to bottom (direction in the figure); The grid-like wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer is composed of grid units, see Figure 2 , the grid unit is a square with a side length of 15 cm and a height of 3 cm; The basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer 3 is a concave angle triangular grid. Each unit of the concave angle triangular grid includes two symmetrical folded edges 31 and two straight edges 32 connecting the ends of the two folded edges. The concave angle formed by the folded edges 31 and the straight edges 32 is 79.4°. Figure 4 ; The two adjacent units share a straight edge 32; between the upper and lower units, the straight edge 32 of the upper unit is located at the folding point of the lower unit fold 31, see Figure 5 and Figure 6 ; In the embodiment, the basalt fiber is a high-toughness non-structural basalt fiber produced and provided by Jiangsu Green Valley New Materials Co., Ltd. The basic performance indicators of the fiber are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1

[0010] The wear-resistant lining is steel plate, model NM500; Epoxy resin L-500AS and curing agent L-500BS were purchased from Shanghai Sanyou Resin Co., Ltd.; the diameter of zirconium balls was 1.0 mm, and the particle size of silicon carbide was 100 mesh; Example 1: This example provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate. The specific preparation steps are as follows: Step 1: 30 parts of epoxy resin, 3 parts of basalt fiber, 57 parts of zirconium ball particles, 10 parts of silicon carbide powder and 15 parts of curing agent were mixed by weight, and stirred evenly by using an electric drill modified into a mixer to obtain a wear-resistant composite material. The mixture was transferred to a vacuum pump, vacuumed for 30 minutes, and then poured into a mold of corresponding size. After smoothing, the mixture was allowed to stand for 24 hours and then demolded. The mixture was cured at 40°C for 16 hours and then at 25°C for 24 hours. The surface was turned over every 24 hours to obtain a grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate and a flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate. Step 2: 60 parts of epoxy resin, 10 parts of basalt fiber and 30 parts of curing agent were mixed to prepare 3D printing epoxy resin-based ink, which was loaded into a 3D printer and molded by fused deposition modeling to obtain a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer board; Step 3: Take the wear-resistant lining plate, polish the surface of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy-absorbing surface plate prepared in step 2, the flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate and the grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate prepared in step 1, stack them in sequence, and hot press them for 30 minutes to form the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate; wherein the hot pressing temperature is 150° C. and the pressure is 25 MPa.

[0011] Example 2: Referring to Example 1, the difference is that the mass ratio of basalt fiber, zirconium ball particles and silicon carbide powder is adjusted to 5:55:10; the specific preparation steps are as follows: Step 1: 30 parts of epoxy resin, 5 parts of basalt fiber, 55 parts of zirconium ball particles, 10 parts of silicon carbide powder and 15 parts of curing agent were mixed by weight, and stirred evenly by modifying an electric drill into a mixer to obtain a wear-resistant composite material. The mixture was transferred to a vacuum pump, vacuumed for 30 minutes, and then poured into a mold of corresponding size. After smoothing, the mixture was allowed to stand for 24 hours and then demolded. The mixture was cured at 40°C for 16 hours and then at 25°C for 24 hours. The surface was turned over every 24 hours to obtain a grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate and a flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate. Step 2: 60 parts of epoxy resin, 10 parts of basalt fiber and 30 parts of curing agent were mixed to prepare 3D printing epoxy resin-based ink, which was loaded into a 3D printer and fused deposition modeling was used to obtain a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer board; Step 3: Take the wear-resistant lining plate, polish the surface of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface plate prepared in step 2, the flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate and the grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate prepared in step 1, stack them in sequence, and hot press them to form the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate; wherein the hot pressing temperature is 150° C. and the pressure is 25 MPa.

[0012] Example 3: Referring to Example 1, the difference is that the mass ratio of basalt fiber, zirconium ball particles and silicon carbide powder is adjusted to 3:55:12; the specific preparation steps are as follows: Step 1: 30 parts of epoxy resin, 3 parts of basalt fiber, 55 parts of zirconium ball particles, 12 parts of silicon carbide powder and 15 parts of curing agent were mixed by weight, and stirred evenly by using an electric drill modified into a mixer to obtain a wear-resistant composite material. The mixture was transferred to a vacuum pump, vacuumed for 30 minutes, and then poured into a mold of corresponding size. After smoothing, the mixture was allowed to stand for 24 hours and then demolded. The mixture was cured at 40°C for 16 hours and then at 25°C for 24 hours. The surface was turned over every 24 hours to obtain a grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate and a flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate. Step 2: 60 parts of epoxy resin, 10 parts of basalt fiber and 30 parts of curing agent were mixed to prepare 3D printing epoxy resin-based ink, which was loaded into a 3D printer and fused deposition modeling was used to obtain a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer board; Step 3: Take the wear-resistant lining plate, polish the surface of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface plate prepared in step 2, the flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate and the grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate prepared in step 1, stack them in sequence, and hot press them to form the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate; wherein the hot pressing temperature is 150° C. and the pressure is 25 MPa.

[0013] Example 4: Referring to Example 1, the difference is that the mass ratio of basalt fiber, zirconium ball particles and silicon carbide powder is adjusted to 2:60:8; the specific preparation steps are as follows: Step 1: 30 parts of epoxy resin, 2 parts of basalt fiber, 60 parts of zirconium ball particles, 8 parts of silicon carbide powder and 15 parts of curing agent are mixed by weight, and stirred evenly by modifying an electric drill into a mixer. The mixture is transferred to a vacuum pump to obtain a wear-resistant composite material. After vacuuming for 30 minutes, the mixture is poured into a mold of corresponding size, smoothed and allowed to stand for 24 hours before demoulding. The mixture is cured at 40°C for 16 hours and then at 25°C for 24 hours. The surface is turned over every 24 hours to obtain a grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate and a flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate. Step 2: 60 parts of epoxy resin, 10 parts of basalt fiber and 30 parts of curing agent were mixed to prepare 3D printing epoxy resin-based ink, which was loaded into a 3D printer and fused deposition modeling was used to obtain a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer board; Step 3: Take the wear-resistant lining plate, polish the surface of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface plate prepared in step 2, the flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate and the grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate prepared in step 1, stack them in sequence, and hot press them to form the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate; wherein the hot pressing temperature is 150° C. and the pressure is 25 MPa.

[0014] Example 5: Referring to Example 1, the difference is that the basalt fiber is surface modified and the silicon carbide is pretreated; the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: 30 parts of epoxy resin, 3 parts of modified basalt fiber, 57 parts of zirconium ball particles, 10 parts of pretreated silicon carbide powder and 15 parts of curing agent were mixed by weight, and stirred evenly by using an electric drill modified into a mixer to obtain a wear-resistant composite material. The mixture was transferred into a vacuum pump, vacuumed for 30 minutes, and then poured into a mold of corresponding size. After smoothing, the mixture was allowed to stand for 24 hours and then demolded. The mixture was cured at 40°C for 16 hours and then at 25°C for 24 hours. The surface was turned over every 24 hours to obtain a grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate and a flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate. Step 2: 60 parts of epoxy resin, 10 parts of basalt fiber and 30 parts of curing agent were mixed to prepare 3D printing epoxy resin-based ink, which was loaded into a 3D printer and fused deposition modeling was used to obtain a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer board; Step 3: Take the wear-resistant lining plate, polish the surface of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface plate prepared in step 2, the flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate prepared in step 1, and the grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate, stack them in sequence, and perform hot pressing to form the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate; wherein the hot pressing temperature is 150° C. and the pressure is 25 MPa; The preparation steps of modified basalt fiber are as follows: 6 g of basalt fiber was immersed in 100 mL of acetone solution, ultrasonically cleaned for 1 hour, dried, and subjected to low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment. The reaction gas was oxygen, the gas flow rate was 25 mL / min, and the discharge power was 120 W. After treatment for 300 seconds, the fiber was taken out and immediately placed in an organic amine / anhydrous ethanol mixed solution, heated to 50°C and stirred for 30 minutes to obtain a basalt fiber suspension. 6.98 g of toluene diisocyanate was placed in 200 mL of ethyl acetate solution, added dropwise to the basalt fiber suspension, and heated to 80°C. After reaction for 2 hours, the fiber was taken out, cleaned, and dried. The organic amine / anhydrous ethanol contained 4.60 g of polyetheramine, 3.57 g of diethyltoluenediamine, and 200 mL of anhydrous ethanol. The preparation steps of pretreated silicon carbide powder are as follows: 20g of silicon carbide powder is placed in 300mL of anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically dispersed for 30min, 3.50g of perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane is added dropwise, heated to 45°C, stirred and reacted for 40min, allowed to stand, and then filtered and dried.

[0015] Comparative Example 1: As a control experiment of Example 1, basalt fiber is not added in step 1. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: 30 parts of epoxy resin, 57 parts of zirconium ball particles, 10 parts of silicon carbide powder and 15 parts of curing agent were mixed by weight, and stirred evenly by using an electric drill modified into a mixer to obtain a wear-resistant composite material. The mixture was transferred to a vacuum pump, vacuumed for 30 minutes, and then poured into a mold of corresponding size. After smoothing, the mixture was allowed to stand for 24 hours and then demolded. The mixture was cured at 40°C for 16 hours and then at 25°C for 24 hours. The surface was turned over every 24 hours to obtain a grid-shaped reinforced surface layer plate and a flat reinforced surface layer plate. Step 2: 60 parts of epoxy resin, 10 parts of basalt fiber and 30 parts of curing agent were mixed to prepare 3D printing epoxy resin-based ink, which was loaded into a 3D printer and fused deposition modeling was used to obtain a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer board; Step 3: Take the wear-resistant lining plate, polish the surface of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer plate prepared in step 2, the flat reinforced surface layer plate and the grid reinforced surface layer plate prepared in step 1, stack them in sequence, and hot press them to form the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate; wherein the hot pressing temperature is 150° C. and the pressure is 25 MPa.

[0016] Comparative Example 2: As a control experiment of Example 1, silicon carbide powder is not added in step 1. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: 30 parts of epoxy resin, 3 parts of basalt fiber, 57 parts of zirconium ball particles and 15 parts of curing agent were mixed by weight, and stirred evenly by using an electric drill modified into a mixer to obtain a wear-resistant composite material. The mixture was transferred to a vacuum pump, vacuumed for 30 minutes, and then poured into a mold of corresponding size. After smoothing, the mixture was allowed to stand for 24 hours and then demolded. The mixture was cured at 40°C for 16 hours and then at 25°C for 24 hours. The surface was turned over every 24 hours to obtain a grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate and a flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate. Step 2: 60 parts of epoxy resin, 10 parts of basalt fiber and 30 parts of curing agent were mixed to prepare 3D printing epoxy resin-based ink, which was loaded into a 3D printer and fused deposition modeling was used to obtain a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer board; Step 3: Take the wear-resistant lining plate, polish the surface of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface plate prepared in step 2, the flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate and the grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate prepared in step 1, stack them in sequence, and hot press them to form the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate; wherein the hot pressing temperature is 150° C. and the pressure is 25 MPa.

[0017] The mass fractions of the raw materials in the wear-resistant composite materials prepared in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are tabulated above, as shown in Table 2: Table 2

[0018] Detection test 1. Friction and wear test: According to GB / T3960-2016, ring-shaped samples with an outer diameter of 31 mm and an inner diameter of 15 mm were cut from the planar reinforced surface layer prepared in step 1 of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2. After weighing, the samples were installed in a universal friction and wear testing machine. A load of 30 N was applied and the test was carried out for 30 min. After the test, the samples were weighed and the wear loss was calculated as shown in Table 3. 2. Bending performance test: According to GB / T1449-2005, 60 mm × 15 mm × 3 mm specimens were cut from the planar reinforced surface layer prepared in step 1 of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2. Bending tests were performed using a universal testing machine at a loading rate of 1.5 mm / min. The bending strengths were recorded in Table 3. Table 3

[0019] Conclusion: From the above data, it can be seen that Example 1 has better comprehensive performance than the other Examples 2-4. Example 5, based on Example 1, adds modification treatment of basalt fiber and silicon carbide pretreatment, which effectively improves the dispersibility of basalt fiber and silicon carbide, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the composite board. Comparative Examples 1 and 2, which respectively remove basalt fiber and silicon carbide powder, show a significant decrease in comprehensive performance. The present invention provides a wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate and a preparation method thereof. By adjusting the amount of reinforcing ingredients such as basalt fiber, solid lubricant and wear-resistant particles and performing surface modification treatment, the mechanical properties such as wear resistance and toughness of the composite plate are improved.

[0020] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate, characterized in that: It comprises a grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer (1), a plane wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer (2), a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer (3), and a wear-resistant lining plate (4) which are sequentially hot-pressed and fixed.

2. The wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer is composed of grid units, each grid unit is a square with a side length of 15 cm and a height of 3 cm; the thickness of the flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer is 3 cm; the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer is composed of concave angle triangular grid units, and the concave angle triangular grid is prepared by 3D printing, and the concave angle formed by the folded edge (31) and the straight edge (32) is 79.4°; the thickness of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer is 3 cm; the thickness of the wear-resistant lining is 3 cm.

3. The wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer and the flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer are both made of a wear-resistant composite material; the wear-resistant composite material comprises the following raw materials by mass: 30-40 parts of epoxy resin, 2-5 parts of basalt fiber, 50-60 parts of wear-resistant particles, 8-12 parts of solid lubricant and 15-20 parts of curing agent.

4. The wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wear-resistant particles are zirconium ball particles; and the solid lubricant includes at least one of silicon carbide, garnet sand, and boron nitride.

5. A method for preparing the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: Step 1: Mix 30-40 parts of epoxy resin, 2-5 parts of basalt fiber, 50-60 parts of wear-resistant particles, 8-12 parts of solid lubricant and 15-20 parts of curing agent by mass, vacuum for 30-40 minutes, pour into a mold, smooth it, let it stand and demould, and perform curing to obtain a grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate and a flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface layer plate; Step 2: By weight, 40-60 parts of epoxy resin, 8-10 parts of basalt fiber and 20-30 parts of curing agent are mixed to prepare a 3D printing epoxy resin-based ink, which is loaded into a 3D printer and molded by fused deposition modeling to obtain a basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface layer board; Step 3: Take the wear-resistant lining plate, polish the surface of the basalt fiber reinforced negative Poisson's ratio energy dissipation surface plate prepared in step 2, the flat wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate and the grid-shaped wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced surface plate prepared in step 1, stack them in sequence, and perform hot pressing to form the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate.

6. The method for preparing the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The surface modification of basalt fiber specifically includes: immersing the basalt fiber in an acetone solution, ultrasonically cleaning it for 1 hour and then drying it, then performing low-temperature oxygen plasma treatment, transferring it to an organic amine / anhydrous ethanol mixed solution, heating it to 50°C and stirring it for 30 minutes to obtain a basalt fiber suspension; placing isocyanate in an ethyl acetate solution, adding it dropwise to the basalt fiber suspension and heating it to 80°C. After reacting for 1-2 hours, the fiber is taken out, cleaned, and dried.

7. The method for preparing the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The working conditions of the low-temperature plasma treatment include: the reaction gas is oxygen, the gas flow is 15-30 mL / min, the discharge power is 90-120 W, and the treatment time is 300-500 s; the organic amine is at least one of alicyclic amine, polyether amine, and aromatic amine.

8. The method for preparing the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The molar ratio of amino groups in the organic amine to isocyanate groups in the isocyanate is 1:(1-1.1); the basalt fiber mixture contains 5-8wt% of basalt fiber; and the total mass of the organic amine and the isocyanate accounts for 3-5% of the total mass of the system.

9. The method for preparing the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solid lubricant is pretreated, placed in anhydrous ethanol, ultrasonically dispersed for 20-30 minutes, and then perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane is added dropwise, heated to 40-45° C., stirred and reacted for 40-60 minutes, allowed to stand, and then filtered and dried.

10. The method for preparing the wear-resistant basalt fiber reinforced composite plate according to claim 9, characterized in that: The dosage ratio of the solid lubricant to perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane is 1:(0.15-0.18).

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