Cavitation and cavitation erosion integrated generation device for hydraulic element

Abstract

The invention discloses a cavitation and cavitation erosion integrated generation device for a hydraulic element. The cavitation and cavitation erosion integrated generation device comprises a core observation test block and a replaceable cavitation core part, the core observation test block is of a cuboid structure made of a transparent material; a functional oil duct, a low-pressure oil duct, a high-pressure oil duct and a sensor oil duct are arranged in the core observation test block; a piston cylinder and a piece-containing anti-rotation piston are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the core observation test block; the part-containing anti-rotation piston is mounted in the piston cylinder in a sealing manner; the replaceable cavitation core part is made of transparent materials, one end of the replaceable cavitation core part is fixedly connected with the part-containing anti-rotation piston, and the other end of the replaceable cavitation core part extends into the functional oil duct. And a cavitation channel for communicating the high-pressure oil channel with the low-pressure oil channel is formed between the two replaceable cavitation core pieces. The device is high in replaceability or interchangeability, controllable in pressure flow and controllable in structure position, and can integrally meet the requirements of visual cavitation and cavitation erosion generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic transmission, and in particular relates to a cavitation and erosion integrated generating device for a hydraulic element. Background Art

[0002] As hydraulic components and systems evolve toward higher speeds, higher pressures, higher power, greater integration, and more complex control, cavitation and erosion become increasingly prominent. Optimizing and improving cavitation and erosion is essential for adapting to the demands of modern hydraulic systems. This approach is crucial for minimizing the risk of damage to high-performance hydraulic components. It not only extends component life and improves system efficiency, but also reduces noise and vibration, enhances system reliability, reduces maintenance costs, and promotes technological innovation to meet the evolving needs of modern hydraulic systems.

[0003] Currently, research on cavitation erosion in hydraulic components still faces numerous challenges, primarily due to incomplete understanding of cavitation mechanisms, limitations in numerical simulations, and insufficient experimental research. Existing experimental studies have primarily focused on low-speed and low-pressure conditions, lacking systematic research on high-pressure and high-speed hydraulic components.

[0004] Visualized fluid dynamics behavior experimental research is the most direct and reliable method to study the cavitation and erosion phenomena of hydraulic components. It is the cornerstone and reliable reference for other methods such as numerical research. Its importance lies in its ability to provide intuitive physical phenomena, verify and improve numerical models, and optimize component design.

[0005] In the experimental research on visualization of cavitation erosion in hydraulic components, there are problems such as insufficient controllability, difficulty in modular replacement and insufficient research on high pressure.

[0006] In summary, optimizing and improving the research on cavitation erosion in hydraulic components, especially strengthening the experimental research on visual fluid dynamics behavior, improving experimental controllability, modular replacement capabilities, and high-pressure levels, is of great significance for improving the performance and reliability of hydraulic components. This not only helps to deepen the understanding of cavitation erosion mechanisms but also provides strong support for the design and optimization of hydraulic components. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a hydraulic component cavitation and erosion integrated generating device, which can be used to conduct cavitation and erosion tests, and assist in the development and optimization design of hydraulic components, as well as the verification and improvement of numerical flow models.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following specific technical solutions:

[0009] A hydraulic component cavitation and erosion integrated generating device, comprising a core observation test block and a replaceable cavitation core component;

[0010] The core observation test block is a rectangular parallelepiped structure made of transparent material, which is pressed against the high-pressure side cover plate at the bottom end by a compression screw and the low-pressure side cover plate at the top end, and is clamped between the clamping structure cover plates on the left and right sides by a clamping screw, and an observation cover plate fixedly mounted on the low-pressure side cover plate and the high-pressure side cover plate is press-connected on both the front and rear sides;

[0011] The core observation test block is provided with a functional oil channel, a low-pressure oil channel, a high-pressure oil channel and a sensor oil channel inside; the functional oil channel passes through the core observation test block and the clamping structure cover plate in the horizontal direction; the high-pressure oil channel, the low-pressure oil channel and the sensor oil channel are all arranged in the vertical direction; the top end of the high-pressure oil channel is connected with the functional oil channel, and the bottom end passes through the high-pressure side cover plate; the bottom end of the low-pressure oil channel is connected with the functional oil channel, and the top end passes through the low-pressure side cover plate; the top end of the sensor oil channel is connected with the low-pressure oil channel; the low-pressure split flange oil pipe joint is fixedly connected to the low-pressure side cover plate and is connected with the low-pressure oil channel; the high-pressure split flange oil pipe joint is fixedly connected to the high-pressure side cover plate and is connected with the high-pressure oil channel; the low-pressure sensor is fixedly mounted on the high-pressure side cover plate and extends into the sensor oil channel for testing the pressure of the low-pressure oil channel;

[0012] A piston cylinder and an anti-rotation piston are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the core observation test block; one end of the piston cylinder is fixedly connected to the clamping structure cover and communicated with the functional oil channel; the anti-rotation piston is seal-mounted in the piston cylinder; the replaceable cavitation core is made of transparent material, one end of which is fixedly connected to the anti-rotation piston, and the other end passes through the clamping structure cover and extends into the functional oil channel, and the clamping structure cover is used to limit the rotation of the replaceable cavitation core; a cavitation channel for communicating the high-pressure oil channel and the low-pressure oil channel is formed between the two replaceable cavitation cores.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes tightening bolts symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the core observation test block;

[0014] The tightening bolt is threadedly connected to one end of the piston cylinder away from the core observation test block and abuts against the anti-rotation piston containing the component, and is used to adjust the position of the anti-rotation piston containing the component and the replaceable cavitation core component in the functional oil channel.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes retreat springs symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the core observation test block;

[0016] The retreat spring is in contact between the anti-rotation piston containing the component and the cover plate of the clamping structure, and is used for applying elastic force to the anti-rotation piston containing the component away from the core observation test block.

[0017] Furthermore, a cavitation rack is included;

[0018] The cavitation rack is fixedly installed in the low-pressure oil channel and is used for fixing a test piece opposite to the cavitation channel.

[0019] Furthermore, the low-pressure side cover plate is provided with a waist-shaped through hole for light intake and a low-pressure oil port constituting the low-pressure oil passage;

[0020] The low-pressure side cover plate is provided with an inner ring groove and two symmetrical positioning grooves on the side wall of the low-pressure oil port;

[0021] The cavitation frame is provided with positioning blocks that correspond one to one with the positioning grooves and have matching shapes;

[0022] When the cavitation rack is installed in the low-pressure oil channel, the positioning block is accommodated in the corresponding positioning groove to limit the rotational freedom of the cavitation rack. A retaining spring is installed in the inner ring groove to limit the axial freedom.

[0023] Furthermore, the anti-rotation piston with a component is a stepped structure, one end of which is a piston end that slides with the piston cylinder, and the other end is a connecting end that is fixedly connected to the replaceable cavitation core component; a friction ring and a sealing ring are installed on the outer peripheral surface of the piston end; the step surface between the piston end and the connecting end abuts against the retreat spring;

[0024] The connecting end has a waist-shaped column, and the clamping structure cover plate has a waist-shaped hole that matches the shape of the waist-shaped column. The rotational freedom of the anti-rotation piston is limited by the plug-in fit between the waist-shaped column and the waist-shaped hole;

[0025] The anti-rotation piston is provided with a through hole on the step surface and is in communication with the central flow channel of the replaceable cavitation core;

[0026] The connecting end is provided with a waist-shaped inner hole on the end face facing the replaceable cavitation core component, and a top screw hole is provided on the side along its radial direction; the replaceable cavitation core component is provided with a waist-shaped plug-in end that matches the shape of the waist-shaped inner hole; the waist-shaped plug-in end is inserted into the waist-shaped inner hole, and abuts against the replaceable cavitation core component through the top screw installed in the top screw hole, so that the anti-rotation piston containing the component is connected to the replaceable cavitation core component as a whole, which is used to constrain the axial freedom and rotational freedom of the replaceable cavitation core component relative to the anti-rotation piston containing the component.

[0027] Furthermore, it also includes a piston withdrawal tool and a hydraulic sealing plug;

[0028] A cylindrical cavity is provided in the piston cylinder, and a vent hole is opened at the outer edge of the cylindrical cavity; the piston cylinder is provided with an internal threaded hole for installing the jacking bolt, an external thread for installing the hydraulic sealing plug, and a hollow long and thin waist groove; a scale is provided on the outer wall of the piston cylinder next to the long and thin waist groove for observing the penetration depth of the jacking bolt;

[0029] The anti-rotation piston is provided with a threaded hole on the end surface facing away from the core observation test block;

[0030] The piston withdrawal tool comprises a screw rod threadedly connected to the threaded hole and a hexagonal nut threadedly matched with the screw rod.

[0031] Furthermore, the clamping structure cover plate is provided with a spring annular groove on a surface on a side facing the piston cylinder; one end of the retreat spring is accommodated in the spring annular groove;

[0032] The piston cylinder is provided with a flange at one end facing the core observation test block, and the flange is fixed to the clamping structure cover plate by bolts; the core observation test block and the clamping structure cover plate, the core observation test block and the low-pressure side cover plate, the core observation test block and the high-pressure side cover plate, and the clamping structure cover plate and the flange are all positioned by locating pins and sealed by sealing rings.

[0033] Furthermore, the center of the observation cover plate has a rectangular hole for observing the evolution of cavitation in the core observation test block.

[0034] Furthermore, the transparent material is acrylic.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. Full visualization: Both the replaceable cavitation core and the core observation test block can be made of transparent materials, which can directly observe physical phenomena. Through visualization experiments, the generation, development and collapse of cavitation bubbles, as well as the damage of cavitation to the component surface, can be directly observed. High-speed photography technology can be used to capture the transient changes of cavitation bubbles, providing an intuitive basis for studying dynamic behavior.

[0037] 2. Low cost and replaceability: The overall cost is cheap, especially for the replaceable cavitation core and cavitation rack. For the replaceable cavitation core, the principle of replaceability can be used to keep the contained side (the side inserted into the piston) unchanged, and only perform differentiated design and processing on the other end. This allows the replaceable cavitation core to complete cavitation erosion tests on almost all typical structures of hydraulic components in the form of interlocking, facing, and interlacing. For test pieces such as detachable cavitation racks and the material plate to be eroded, they can be selected in accordance with the replaceable cavitation core. They can be long or short, and the material plate to be eroded and other test pieces can be selected and installed according to the test requirements.

[0038] 3. Simultaneously meet the experimental requirements of cavitation and erosion: By using replaceable cavitation core components and cavitation racks, the dynamic process of cavitation in the typical structure of hydraulic components and the destruction and damage of cavitation to the target material, i.e. the material plate to be eroded, can be simultaneously met.

[0039] 4. Covering all typical structural types: By adjusting the piston position, the replaceable cavitation core parts can be matched with the cavitation rack in the protected core observation test block in a manner of interlocking, facing, and interlacing to complete the cavitation erosion test. The cavitation erosion phenomenon of almost all typical structures of hydraulic components such as grooves, holes, gaps, and cracks can be reproduced with completely equal characteristic scales.

[0040] 5. Adjustable process: Whether the hydraulic component cavitation and erosion generator is connected to the hydraulic system for shutdown and adjustment, or for power-on and cycle adjustment, it can be realized. To obtain the cavitation core component's rapid reciprocation within the functional flow channel of the core observation test block and obtain the cavitation and erosion phenomenon caused by the dynamic structure, the screw or hexagonal nut of the piston withdrawal fixture can be fixed, and the other connected to a motor of matching power to complete the dynamic cavitation and erosion test caused by the typical hydraulic structure.

[0041] 6. A wide and controllable range of test conditions: On the oil inlet side (high-pressure oil channel), because all six sides of the core observation test block are securely held by separate cover plates, the block is subject only to internal oil pressure and external surface contact pressure. Therefore, if the transparent material is acrylic, the original pressure resistance of only 5MPa can be increased to approximately 20MPa, thus meeting the low, medium, and high differential pressure cavitation flow test ranges commonly encountered in the hydraulic field. On the oil outlet side (low-pressure oil channel), the vacuum pump's combined evacuation capacity with the sealed oil tank determines the device's low-pressure port's ultimate pressure, reaching a minimum of -0.08MPa. Both the inlet and outlet pressures and flow rates can be quickly and easily adjusted to target values during the test. This means that in addition to meeting target combinations of high and low pressure, high and low pressure, and low and high pressure and flow rates can also be met.

[0042] 7. High Safety: All six sides of the core observation test block are securely secured by covers, and the cover, with an observation window, protects observers. The piston-cylinder structure ensures that all components are restrained within the device during high-pressure operation, ensuring operator safety. Pre-reserved safety flow passages connect the piston cylinder, the anti-rotation piston, and the core observation test block to prevent the risk of localized pressure buildup during adjustment.

[0043] 8. High Customizability: The device can be customized to meet the needs of the implementer, including the replaceable cavitation core and cavitation frame, to meet the implementer's testing requirements for various typical hydraulic structures. The implementer can also redesign the hydraulic system connected to the device to meet new requirements until the target requirements are met. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the integrated cavitation and erosion generating device for hydraulic components of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the integrated cavitation and erosion generating device for hydraulic components;

[0046] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the core observation test block, replaceable cavitation core, piston cylinder, and anti-rotation piston;

[0047] Figure 4 A perspective view of the core observation test block;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional diagram of the test process;

[0049] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the replaceable cavitation core component on the high-pressure side;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the replaceable cavitation core component on the low-pressure side;

[0051] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cavitation rack and the test piece;

[0052] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the cavitation erosion test through the jet hole;

[0053] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a replaceable cavitation core component on the high-pressure side provided with jet holes;

[0054] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cavitation rack and test piece with a longer length;

[0055] Figure 12This is a cross-sectional view of a cavitation test using a cone valve;

[0056] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the replaceable cavitation core component on the high-pressure side when a cone valve is used;

[0057] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the structure of the replaceable cavitation core component on the low-pressure side when a cone valve is used;

[0058] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view of a cavitation test using a slide valve;

[0059] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the structure of the replaceable cavitation core component on the high-pressure side when using a slide valve;

[0060] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the structure of the replaceable cavitation core component on the low-pressure side when using a slide valve;

[0061] Figure 18 It is a cross-sectional view of a hydraulic component cavitation and erosion integrated generating device;

[0062] Figure 19 This is a diagram showing the working principle of the tightening bolt and the anti-rotation piston;

[0063] Figure 20 This is a working principle diagram of the piston withdrawal tooling and the anti-rotation piston with parts;

[0064] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the structure using a hydraulic sealing plug to protect the piston cylinder;

[0065] Figure 22 This is the assembly drawing of the integrated cavitation and erosion generating device for hydraulic components and the hydraulic system.

[0066] Among them, 00-cavitation erosion integrated generation device; 01-tightening bolt; 02-piston cylinder; 03-anti-rotation piston with parts; 04*-replaceable cavitation core component; 05-retraction spring; 06-clamping structure cover plate; 07-core observation test block; 08-clamping screw; 09*-piston withdrawal tooling; 10*-hydraulic sealing plug; 11-split flange oil pipe joint; 12-low pressure side cover plate; 13-pressing screw; 14 *-cavitation rack; 15-high-pressure side cover; 16-low-pressure sensor; 17-observation cover; 18-pressure-regulating overflow valve; 19-sealed oil tank; 20-oil suction filter; 21-hydraulic pump; 22-electric motor; 23-check valve; 24-solenoid valve; 25-accumulator; 26-high-pressure sensor; 27-ball valve; 28-hydraulic hose; 29-throttle valve; 30-return oil filter; 31-flow meter; 32-vacuum pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a hydraulic component cavitation and erosion integrated generating device 00, which includes a core observation test block 07 and a replaceable cavitation core component 04*; wherein:

[0069] Core observation test block 07 is a rectangular parallelepiped structure made of a transparent material such as acrylic or metal. A low-pressure cover plate 12 is located on its top surface, a high-pressure cover plate 15 is located on its bottom surface, clamping structure covers 06 are located on both the left and right sides of core observation test block 07, and observation covers 17 are located on both the front and rear sides of core observation test block 07. A clamping screw 13 passes through the low-pressure cover plate 12 and core observation test block 07 from top to bottom and is fixedly connected to the high-pressure cover plate 15, pressing the low-pressure cover plate 12 and core observation test block 07 against the high-pressure cover plate 15. A clamping screw 08 passes through the clamping structure covers 06 and core observation test block 07, and nuts at each end of the clamping screw 08 clamp the core observation test block 07 between the left and right clamping structure covers 06. Clamping screw 08 can be a standard ordinary screw. Threaded holes are provided on the end faces of the low-pressure side cover plate 12 and the high-pressure side cover plate 15. Bolts passing through the observation cover plate 17 secure the front and rear observation cover plates 17 to the ends of the low-pressure side cover plate 12 and the high-pressure side cover plate 15, and press them onto the front and rear sides of the core observation test block 07. This ensures that the cover plates are pressed against all six sides of the core observation test block 07. Each cover plate secures all six sides of the core observation test block 07, completely clamping and pressing them together, subjecting the core observation test block 07 to only internal oil pressure and external surface contact pressure. If the transparent material is acrylic, the pressure resistance, originally limited to 5MPa, can be increased to approximately 20MPa, meeting the range of cavitation flow tests driven by low, medium, and high pressure differentials common in the hydraulic field. A rectangular hole is located in the center of the observation cover plate 17 for observing the evolution of cavitation within the core observation test block 07. The rectangular hole forms an observation window. The main functions of the observation cover 17 are to strengthen the structure, facilitate observation, and protect the core observation test block 07 with high-pressure oil flowing inside from being cracked.

[0070] The top and bottom surfaces of the core observation test block 07 are both provided with positioning pin holes, which are used for positioning by plugging and cooperating with the positioning pins provided on the low-pressure side cover plate 12 and the high-pressure side cover plate 15 to ensure the position accuracy of all oil ports and cover plates. The clamping structure cover plate 06 is provided with four positioning pin holes for inserting positioning pins, four threaded holes for fixing the piston cylinder 02, and four light holes for inserting the clamping screws 08. The positioning pins are inserted to position the piston cylinder 02, the clamping structure cover plate 06 and the core observation test block 07. The bottom surface of the low-pressure side cover plate 12 and the top surface of the high-pressure side cover plate 15 are both provided with annular grooves for pressing in O-rings. The sealing between the core observation test block 07 and the low-pressure side cover plate 12 and the high-pressure side cover plate 15 is achieved by installing O-rings in the annular grooves. The core observation test block 07 is provided with four light holes for inserting the clamping screws 13.

[0071] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the core observation test block 07 is internally provided with a functional oil channel, a low-pressure oil channel, a high-pressure oil channel and a sensor oil channel; the functional oil channel is arranged horizontally through the core observation test block 07 and the clamping structure cover 06, that is, the extension direction of the functional oil channel is consistent with the arrangement direction of the two clamping structure covers 06; the functional oil channel crosses the two functional sides, that is, the functional oil channel connects the low-pressure oil channel and the high-pressure oil channel; the high-pressure oil channel, the low-pressure oil channel and the sensor oil channel are all arranged vertically; the high-pressure oil channel The top end is connected to the functional oil channel, and the bottom end passes through the high-pressure side cover plate 15; the bottom end of the low-pressure oil channel is connected to the functional oil channel, and the top end passes through the low-pressure side cover plate 12; the top end of the sensor oil channel is connected to the low-pressure oil channel; the low-pressure split flange oil pipe joint 11 is fixedly connected to the low-pressure side cover plate 12 by bolts and is connected to the low-pressure oil channel; the low-pressure side cover plate 12 is provided with four threaded holes for installing the low-pressure split flange oil pipe joint 11, and the centers of the four threaded holes are circular through-holes of the low-pressure oil port (or return oil port). The high-pressure split flange oil pipe joint 11 is fixedly connected to the high-pressure side cover plate 15 by bolts and is connected to the high-pressure oil channel; the high-pressure side cover plate 15 is provided with four threaded holes for installing the high-pressure split flange oil pipe joint 11 and a threaded hole for installing the low-pressure sensor 16, and the centers of the four threaded holes of the high-pressure side cover plate 15 are circular through-holes of the high-pressure oil port (or oil inlet). The split flange oil pipe joints 11 used in the low-pressure and high-pressure split flange oil pipe joints 11 are commonly used standard hydraulic pipe joints and standard split flanges for connecting oil circuits. A low-pressure sensor 16 is fixedly mounted on the high-pressure side cover plate 15 and extends into the sensor oil passage to test the pressure of the low-pressure oil passage. The low-pressure sensor 16 has a test range of -0.8 bar to 10 bar (-0.08 MPa to 1 MPa) relative pressure, depending on the negative pressure generated by the vacuum pump in conjunction with the sealed oil tank. It is used to test the pressure of the low-pressure oil passage or return oil line and is mounted on the outside of the high-pressure side cover plate 15.

[0072] The surface of the high-pressure side cover plate 15 that mates with the core observation test block 07 features two annular grooves for pressing in O-rings. One large groove is located around the high-pressure oil port, and the other small groove is located around the threaded hole for mounting the low-pressure sensor 16. The outermost ring of the high-pressure side cover plate 15 is provided with multiple threaded holes for mounting. The narrow surfaces of the high-pressure side cover plate 15 each have two threaded holes, for a total of four, for mounting the front and rear observation covers 17.

[0073] If the cavitation rack 14* is required, first insert the cavitation rack 14* into the low-pressure oil port of the low-pressure side cover plate 12, and then install the low-pressure split flange oil pipe joint 11 above the low-pressure side cover plate 12 to complete the installation on the low-pressure side or the oil return side. If the cavitation rack 14* is not required, directly install the low-pressure split flange oil pipe joint 11 above the low-pressure side cover plate 12 to complete the installation on the low-pressure side or the oil return side.

[0074] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, piston cylinders 02 and anti-rotation pistons 03 are symmetrically positioned on the left and right sides of core observation test block 07. That is, one piston cylinder 02 and one anti-rotation piston 03 are positioned on each side of core observation test block 07. One end of piston cylinder 02 is fixedly connected to the clamping structure cover plate 06 via a flange and bolts, and the chamber of piston cylinder 02 communicates with the functional oil passage. One surface of clamping structure cover plate 06 mates with the flange surface of piston cylinder 02, and the other surface mates with core observation test block 07. It is also provided with an annular groove for pressing an O-ring. A waist-shaped hole is provided in the center of clamping structure cover plate 06, which intersects with anti-rotation piston 03. This waist-shaped hole is used to constrain the piston's rotational freedom while retaining its axial freedom.

[0075] The piston cylinder 02 resembles a bell-shaped jar, with a flange on the end facing the core observation test block 07. This flange is bolted to the clamping structure cover plate 06. During installation, the flange mates with the clamping structure cover plate 06, which has a spring-shaped annular groove on one side. The flange is evenly distributed with four locating pin holes, four clear holes, and an annular groove on the mating surface for pressing into an O-ring. These four pin holes serve to position the piston cylinder 02, the clamping structure cover plate 06, and the core observation test block 07. The center of the piston cylinder 02 is a cylindrical cavity for inserting the piston, with a vent hole at the bottom edge. The other end of the piston cylinder 02 has two threaded holes: the smaller one for mounting the jack bolt 01, and the larger one for mounting the hydraulic sealing plug 10*. A long, narrow groove is hollowed out at the smallest neck of the outer end, with graduations along the edge to help monitor the penetration depth of the jack bolt 01.

[0076] The anti-rotation piston 03 is sealed and installed in the piston cylinder 02, and can slide in the piston cylinder 02 along the axial direction of the piston cylinder 02. Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the replaceable cavitation core 04* is made of transparent materials such as acrylic. One end is fixedly connected to the anti-rotation piston 03, and the other end passes through the clamping structure cover 06 and extends into the functional oil channel. The clamping structure cover 06 is used to limit the rotation of the replaceable cavitation core 04*. In order to prevent the replaceable cavitation core 04* from rotating, Figure 3 As shown, the connected end of the replaceable cavitation core component 04* is a waist-shaped column, and two annular grooves are provided on the outer circumference of the waist-shaped column. O-rings are installed in the annular grooves. The waist-shaped column and the waist-shaped hole of the piston are interlaced and matched to limit the rotational freedom of the replaceable cavitation core component 04*. The piston also adopts a waist-shaped column structure at one end of the waist-shaped column that contains the replaceable cavitation core component 04*. The clamping structure cover plate 06 is provided with a waist-shaped hole that matches the shape of the waist-shaped column part of the piston; a small light hole is opened on the waist-shaped column of the piston for inserting a top screw to fix the replaceable cavitation core component 04* and the piston. At this point, the piston and the replaceable cavitation core component 04* become one and move forward and backward together. A cavitation channel for connecting the high-pressure oil channel and the low-pressure oil channel is formed between the two replaceable cavitation core components 04*.

[0077] The anti-rotation piston 03 is a stepped structure, including a large cylindrical section that slides with the piston cylinder 02 and a small cylindrical section for inserting into the functional oil channel, forming a step surface between the large cylindrical section and the small cylindrical section; the large cylindrical section is consistent with the oil cylinder piston, and is equipped with a friction ring and two sealing rings. The end face of the large cylindrical section is provided with a threaded hole of a fixed depth, which is used to insert the threaded rod of the piston withdrawal tooling 09* when necessary. The step surface in the middle is used to resist the retreat spring 05, and the step surface is provided with a through hole to communicate with the waist-shaped hole flow channel of the replaceable cavitation core component 04*; the outer surface of the small cylindrical section is a waist-shaped column, which is used to intersperse and cooperate with the waist-shaped hole of the clamping structure cover 06. This cooperation constrains the rotational freedom of the piston, and a top screw hole for inserting the replaceable cavitation core component 04* is opened on the side to constrain the axial freedom of the replaceable cavitation core component 04* with respect to the piston. The waist-shaped column of the piston has a waist-shaped inner hole for containing the required replaceable cavitation core component 04* and limiting the rotational freedom of the replaceable cavitation core component 04*. At this point, the piston and the replaceable cavitation core component 04* become one and move forward and backward together.

[0078] The replaceable cavitation core 04* achieves interchangeability or replaceability by cooperating with the waist-shaped column and the waist-shaped inner hole of the anti-rotation piston 03. The following cavitation erosion tests can be achieved by using different replaceable cavitation cores 04*:

[0079] 1. Cavitation erosion test of typical structures such as unloading tanks, such as Figure 5、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the replaceable cavitation core component 04* on the high-pressure side of the unloading tank and the replaceable cavitation core component 04* on the low-pressure side of the unloading tank are fitted into a shorter cavitation rack 14* to complete the cavitation erosion test for the typical structure of the unloading tank. The unloading tank is widely present in hydraulic components, such as the unloading tank of the hydraulic pump motor distribution plate.

[0080] 2. Cavitation erosion test of typical hydraulic damping hole structures, such as Figure 9 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the replaceable cavitation core 04* used to implement the high-pressure side of the jet hole is combined with the longer cavitation rack 14* to complete the cavitation erosion test facing the typical structure of the damping hole.

[0081] 3. Cavitation and erosion test of typical cone valve structures, such as Figure 12 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 14 As shown, the replaceable cavitation core component 04* on the high-pressure side of the cone valve and the valve core of the cone valve are matched with the replaceable cavitation core component 04* on the low-pressure side of the cone valve, the cone valve spring, etc. in a top-to-top manner to complete the cavitation erosion test for the typical structure of the cone valve.

[0082] 4. Cavitation and erosion test of typical sliding valve structures, such as Figure 15 、 Figure 16 、 Figure 17 As shown, the replaceable cavitation core component 04* for implementing the high-pressure side of the slide valve and the replaceable cavitation core component 04* for the low-pressure side of the slide valve are interspersed to complete the cavitation erosion test for the typical structure of the slide valve.

[0083] The overall implementation side section diagram only takes the cavitation erosion test of the typical structure of the unloading tank as an example, see Figure 18 Other types of test structures can leverage the interchangeability of the replaceable cavitation core 04*. By simply designing and processing the other end differently, the replaceable cavitation core 04* can be used to perform cavitation erosion tests on nearly all typical hydraulic component structures, using methods such as interlocking, juxtaposition, and interpenetration. The replaceable cavitation core 04* can be made of either transparent material or steel.

[0084] The hydraulic component cavitation and erosion generating device 00 also includes jacking bolts 01 symmetrically positioned on the left and right sides of the core observation test block 07. These jacking bolts 01 are threadedly connected to the end of the piston cylinder 02, away from the core observation test block 07, and abut against the anti-rotation piston 03. They are used to adjust the position of the anti-rotation piston 03 and the replaceable cavitation core 04* within the functional oil passage. Jacking bolts 01 can be M16×2.0 hexagon socket head studs (jackscrews) with a thread length of 40mm. Standard components can be selected based on requirements. These bolts are used to screw into the piston via corresponding threads in the small hole at the top of the piston cylinder 02, thereby adjusting the forward position of the piston and the test piece.

[0085] The above-mentioned hydraulic element cavitation and erosion integrated generating device 00 also includes a retreat spring 05 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the core observation test block 07; the retreat spring 05 abuts between the anti-rotation piston 03 containing the component and the clamping structure cover 06, and is used to apply an elastic force to the anti-rotation piston 03 containing the component away from the core observation test block 07. The clamping structure cover 06 is provided with a spring annular groove on the side surface facing the piston cylinder 02, that is, the clamping structure cover 06 is provided with a spring annular groove for installing the retreat spring 05 on the side surface that is in contact with the flange surface of the piston cylinder 02. The retreat spring 05 is installed in the spring annular groove of the clamping structure cover 06, and is used to abut the anti-rotation piston 03 containing the component. When the piston is relatively lubricated in the piston cylinder 02, the piston can be pushed back, and the reset adjustment of the piston and the test piece can be completed in cooperation with the tightening bolt 01, see Figure 18 、 Figure 19 、 Figure 20 and Figure 21 .

[0086] The core observation test block 07 and the clamping structure cover plate 06, the core observation test block 07 and the low-pressure side cover plate 12, the core observation test block 07 and the high-pressure side cover plate 15, and the clamping structure cover plate 06 and the flange are all positioned by locating pins and sealed by sealing rings.

[0087] The hydraulic element cavitation erosion integrated generating device 00 further includes a cavitation rack 14*; Figure 5 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 and Figure 11As shown, the cavitation rack 14* is fixedly installed in the low-pressure oil channel and is used to fix the test piece opposite to the cavitation channel. The test piece can be a material plate to be eroded. The cavitation rack 14* is made of a circular tube with a portion cut off, and a plane parallel to the axis of the circular tube is formed. The material plate to be eroded is fixed on the plane with screws to form a cavitation rack 14* assembly. Symmetrical screws are installed on the outside of the complete circular tube so that the rotational freedom of the cavitation rack 14* can be restrained when the entire cavitation rack 14* assembly is inserted into the low-pressure side cover plate 12. The cavitation rack 14* is inserted into the low-pressure oil channel of the core observation test block 07, and is used in conjunction with the replaceable cavitation core component 04* to complete the cavitation test of almost all typical structures of hydraulic components.

[0088] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the low-pressure side cover plate 12 is provided with a waist-shaped through hole for light entry and a low-pressure oil port constituting a low-pressure oil passage; Figure 12 As shown, the low-pressure side cover plate 12 is provided with an inner ring groove and two symmetrical positioning grooves on the side wall of the low-pressure oil port; Figure 9 and Figure 11 As shown, the cavitation frame 14* is provided with a positioning block that corresponds one-to-one with the positioning groove and matches the shape; when the cavitation frame 14* is installed in the low-pressure oil channel, the positioning block is accommodated in the corresponding positioning groove to limit the rotational freedom of the cavitation frame 14*, and a retaining spring is installed in the inner ring groove, which is used to limit the axial freedom.

[0089] The above-mentioned anti-rotation piston 03 is a stepped structure, one end of which is a piston end that slides with the piston cylinder 02, and the other end is a connecting end that is fixedly connected to the replaceable cavitation core 04*; a friction ring and a sealing ring are installed on the outer peripheral surface of the piston end; the step surface between the piston end and the connecting end presses against the retreat spring 05; the connecting end has a waist-shaped column, and the clamping structure cover plate 06 has a waist-shaped hole that matches the shape of the waist-shaped column, and the rotational freedom of the anti-rotation piston 03 is limited by the plug-in fit between the waist-shaped column and the waist-shaped hole; the anti-rotation piston 03 is provided with a through hole at the step surface, and is fixed with the replaceable cavitation core The central flow channel of the core piece 04* is connected; the connecting end is provided with a waist-shaped inner hole on the end face facing the replaceable cavitation core piece 04*, and a top screw hole is provided along its radial direction on the side; the replaceable cavitation core piece 04* is provided with a waist-shaped plug-in end that matches the shape of the waist-shaped inner hole; the waist-shaped plug-in end is plugged into the waist-shaped inner hole, and abuts against the replaceable cavitation core piece 04* through the top screw installed in the top screw hole, so that the anti-rotation piston 03 containing the piece is connected to the replaceable cavitation core piece 04* as a whole, which is used to constrain the axial freedom and rotational freedom of the replaceable cavitation core piece 04* relative to the anti-rotation piston 03 containing the piece.

[0090] The above-mentioned hydraulic element cavitation and erosion integrated generating device 00 also includes a piston withdrawal tool 09* and a hydraulic sealing plug 10*; a cylindrical cavity is provided in the piston cylinder 02, and a vent is opened at the outer edge of the cylindrical cavity; the piston cylinder 02 is provided with an internal threaded hole for installing the tightening bolt 01, an external thread for installing the hydraulic sealing plug 10* and a hollow long and thin waist groove; a scale is provided on the outer wall of the piston cylinder 02 next to the long and thin waist groove for observing the entry depth of the tightening bolt 01; the anti-rotation piston 03 is provided with a threaded hole on the end face of the core observation test block 07; the piston withdrawal tool 09* has a screw threadedly connected to the threaded hole and a hexagonal nut screwed into the screw.

[0091] The piston withdrawal tool 09* is an optional part used to assist in operation. When the lubrication between the piston cylinder 02 and the piston is poor, and the withdrawal spring 05 cannot restore the position of the piston and the test piece as a whole, the piston withdrawal tool 09* can cooperate with the tightening bolt 01 to complete the accurate position adjustment of the piston and the test piece as a whole. The specific adjustment process is: if the piston and the test piece as a whole need to be adjusted backward (pulled out), first remove the tightening bolt 01, and then replace it with the piston withdrawal tool 09*. The operation is to first screw in the piston withdrawal tool 09* until the long screw is screwed into the piston, and then screw in the hexagonal cap until it is completely attached to the outer end of the piston cylinder 02. Finally, rotate clockwise to adjust (pull out) the piston and the test piece as a whole backward, and finally screw in the tightening bolt 01 to fix the accurate position of the piston and the test piece as a whole. See for details. Figure 2 、 Figure 18 、 Figure 19 、 Figure 20 、 Figure 21 To rapidly reciprocate the replaceable cavitation core 04* within the functional flow channel of the core observation test block 07 and observe the cavitation erosion phenomenon caused by a dynamic structure, one of the screws or hexagonal nuts of the piston withdrawal fixture 09* can be fixed, and the other connected to a motor of matching power to complete a dynamic cavitation erosion test caused by a typical hydraulic structure.

[0092] The hydraulic sealing plug 10* is a standard hydraulic sealing plug 10* (ED plug). When the test is completed, the hydraulic sealing plug 10* can be installed at the outer end of the piston cylinder 02 to play a role in sealing and preventing oil and impurities. The hydraulic sealing plug 10* can also be selected not to be installed, see Figure 2 、 Figure 18 、 Figure 21 .

[0093] All flat sealing positions are sealed by inserting nitrile rubber O-rings into the annular grooves on the corresponding component planes.

[0094] The related operations and working principles of the above-mentioned hydraulic component cavitation and erosion integrated generating device 00 in the entire hydraulic system are as follows:

[0095] The first step is to open the two ball valves 27 in the high-pressure oil circuit and the low-pressure oil circuit, adjust the tightening bolt 01, the piston retreat tool 09* and other components, so that the replaceable cavitation core component 04* is in the test target position in the core observation test block 07; the high-pressure oil circuit and the low-pressure oil circuit are formed by connecting various components with hydraulic hoses 28; the oil inlet of the high-pressure oil circuit is connected to the sealed oil tank 19, and the oil outlet is connected to the high-pressure split flange oil pipe joint of the cavitation and erosion integrated generating device 00; the oil inlet of the low-pressure oil circuit is connected to the low-pressure split flange oil pipe joint of the cavitation and erosion integrated generating device 00, and the oil outlet is connected to the sealed oil tank 19, so that the low-pressure oil returns to the sealed oil tank 19;

[0096] In the second step, the motor 22 is turned on to drive the hydraulic pump 21, which draws oil from the sealed oil tank 19 through the oil suction filter 20 and pumps the oil into the circuit system. When the solenoid valve 24 is energized, the high-pressure oil enters the hydraulic component cavitation and erosion integrated generating device 00 and simultaneously exhausts the air in the flow channel.

[0097] The third step is to turn on the vacuum pump 32 to put the sealed oil tank 19 in an extreme negative pressure state. The one-way valve 23 prevents backflow, and the accumulator 25 compensates and stabilizes the high pressure. At this time, the high pressure (oil inlet pressure), low pressure (oil return pressure) and flow value of the cavitation and erosion integrated generating device 00 will be displayed in real time on the high pressure sensor 26, the low pressure sensor 16 and the flow meter 31.

[0098] The fourth step is to adjust the pressure-regulating relief valve 18 so that the high-pressure oil circuit (or oil inlet circuit) of the cavitation and erosion integrated generating device 00 reaches the target pressure, and adjust the ball valve 27 or throttle valve 29 in the low-pressure oil circuit (oil return circuit) so that the low-pressure oil circuit (oil return circuit) of the cavitation and erosion integrated generating device 00 reaches the target pressure (or reaches the target flow rate, depending on the needs of the experimenter). In addition, the negative pressure can reach the minimum pressure created by the vacuum pump 32; the pressure-regulating relief valve 18 is connected to the interior of the sealed oil tank 19 through the return oil filter 30;

[0099] The fifth step is to use other equipment to observe or record the dynamic behavior of cavitation erosion in the observation window of the observation cover 17, such as Figure 22 shown.

[0100] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. Hydraulic component cavitation and erosion integrated generating device, characterized in that: Includes core observation test block and replaceable cavitation core; The core observation test block is a rectangular parallelepiped structure made of transparent material, which is pressed against the high-pressure side cover plate at the bottom end by a compression screw and the low-pressure side cover plate at the top end, and is clamped between the clamping structure cover plates on the left and right sides by a clamping screw, and an observation cover plate fixedly mounted on the low-pressure side cover plate and the high-pressure side cover plate is press-connected on both the front and rear sides; The core observation test block is provided with a functional oil channel, a low-pressure oil channel, a high-pressure oil channel and a sensor oil channel; The functional oil channel is arranged horizontally through the core observation test block and the clamping structure cover plate; the high-pressure oil channel, the low-pressure oil channel and the sensor oil channel are all arranged vertically; the top end of the high-pressure oil channel is communicated with the functional oil channel, and the bottom end passes through the high-pressure side cover plate; the bottom end of the low-pressure oil channel is communicated with the functional oil channel, and the top end passes through the low-pressure side cover plate; the top end of the sensor oil channel is communicated with the low-pressure oil channel; the low-pressure split flange oil pipe joint is fixedly connected to the low-pressure side cover plate and communicated with the low-pressure oil channel; the high-pressure split flange oil pipe joint is fixedly connected to the high-pressure side cover plate and communicated with the high-pressure oil channel; the low-pressure sensor is fixedly mounted on the high-pressure side cover plate and extends into the sensor oil channel for testing the pressure of the low-pressure oil channel; A piston cylinder and an anti-rotation piston are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the core observation test block; one end of the piston cylinder is fixedly connected to the clamping structure cover and communicated with the functional oil channel; the anti-rotation piston is seal-mounted in the piston cylinder; the replaceable cavitation core is made of transparent material, one end of which is fixedly connected to the anti-rotation piston, and the other end passes through the clamping structure cover and extends into the functional oil channel, and the clamping structure cover is used to limit the rotation of the replaceable cavitation core; a cavitation channel for communicating the high-pressure oil channel and the low-pressure oil channel is formed between the two replaceable cavitation cores.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein It also includes tightening bolts symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the core observation test block; The tightening bolt is threadedly connected to one end of the piston cylinder away from the core observation test block and abuts against the anti-rotation piston containing the component, and is used to adjust the position of the anti-rotation piston containing the component and the replaceable cavitation core component in the functional oil channel.

3. The device according to claim 2, wherein It also includes retreat springs symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the core observation test block; The retreat spring is in contact between the anti-rotation piston containing the component and the cover plate of the clamping structure, and is used for applying elastic force to the anti-rotation piston containing the component away from the core observation test block.

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that The clamping structure cover plate is provided with a spring annular groove on a side surface facing the piston cylinder; one end of the retreat spring is accommodated in the spring annular groove; The piston cylinder is provided with a flange at one end facing the core observation test block, and the flange is fixed to the clamping structure cover plate by bolts; the core observation test block and the clamping structure cover plate, the core observation test block and the low-pressure side cover plate, the core observation test block and the high-pressure side cover plate, and the clamping structure cover plate and the flange are all positioned by locating pins and sealed by sealing rings.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein Also included is a cavitation rack; The cavitation rack is fixedly installed in the low-pressure oil channel and is used for fixing a test piece opposite to the cavitation channel.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that The low-pressure side cover plate is provided with a waist-shaped through hole for light intake and a low-pressure oil port constituting the low-pressure oil passage; The low-pressure side cover plate is provided with an inner ring groove and two symmetrical positioning grooves on the side wall of the low-pressure oil port; The cavitation frame is provided with positioning blocks that correspond one to one with the positioning grooves and have matching shapes; When the cavitation rack is installed in the low-pressure oil channel, the positioning block is accommodated in the corresponding positioning groove to limit the rotational freedom of the cavitation rack. A retaining spring is installed in the inner ring groove to limit the axial freedom.

7. The device according to claim 1, wherein The anti-rotation piston with a component is a stepped structure, with one end being a piston end that slides with the piston cylinder and the other end being a connecting end that is fixedly connected to the replaceable cavitation core component; a friction ring and a sealing ring are installed on the outer circumference of the piston end; and the step surface between the piston end and the connecting end abuts against the retreat spring; The connecting end has a waist-shaped column, and the clamping structure cover plate has a waist-shaped hole that matches the shape of the waist-shaped column. The rotational freedom of the anti-rotation piston is limited by the plug-in fit between the waist-shaped column and the waist-shaped hole; The anti-rotation piston is provided with a through hole on the step surface and is in communication with the central flow channel of the replaceable cavitation core; The connecting end is provided with a waist-shaped inner hole on the end face facing the replaceable cavitation core component, and a top screw hole is provided on the side along its radial direction; the replaceable cavitation core component is provided with a waist-shaped plug-in end that matches the shape of the waist-shaped inner hole; the waist-shaped plug-in end is inserted into the waist-shaped inner hole, and abuts against the replaceable cavitation core component through the top screw installed in the top screw hole, so that the anti-rotation piston containing the component is connected to the replaceable cavitation core component as a whole, which is used to constrain the axial freedom and rotational freedom of the replaceable cavitation core component relative to the anti-rotation piston containing the component.

8. The device according to claim 2, wherein Also includes piston withdrawal tooling and hydraulic sealing plug; A cylindrical cavity is provided in the piston cylinder, and a vent hole is opened at the outer edge of the cylindrical cavity; the piston cylinder is provided with an internal threaded hole for installing the jacking bolt, an external thread for installing the hydraulic sealing plug, and a hollow long and thin waist groove; a scale is provided on the outer wall of the piston cylinder next to the long and thin waist groove for observing the penetration depth of the jacking bolt; The anti-rotation piston is provided with a threaded hole on the end surface facing away from the core observation test block; The piston withdrawal tool comprises a screw rod threadedly connected to the threaded hole and a hexagonal nut threadedly matched with the screw rod.

9. The device according to claim 1, wherein The center of the observation cover plate is provided with a rectangular hole for observing the evolution of cavitation in the core observation test block.

10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The transparent material is acrylic.

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