Self-adaptive pre-pressure-relief danger-relieving device for deep mine

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive pre-pressure-relief danger relieving device for a deep mine. The self-adaptive pre-pressure-relief danger relieving device comprises a supporting assembly. The supporting assembly comprises two side supporting plates which are symmetrically arranged, a top supporting plate is installed on the tops of the side supporting plates through connecting plates, and a plurality of pressure relief buffering assemblies which are arranged at equal intervals are installed on the outer walls of the side supporting plates and the outer wall of the top supporting plate. A pressure relief channel is established through the drilling assembly, continuous and directional hydraulic pressure relief is achieved in combination with the jet flow pressure relief assembly, rock mass fractures are effectively expanded, in addition, high-energy shock waves can be rapidly released through the blasting pressure relief assembly, strong pressure relief is achieved, and the device is suitable for a high-stress area; the jet flow pressure relief assembly and the blasting pressure relief assembly are switched in the hollow anchor rod, and an external water supply system and a blasting control system are connected, so that a mine has high adaptive capacity and safety performance according to different pressure relief requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of deep mine pressure relief, and in particular to a self-adaptive pre-pressure relief device for deep mines. Background Art

[0002] Rock burst in deep mines refers to a dynamic hazard caused by the sudden, violent destruction and energy release of rock or coal bodies due to highly concentrated stress during deep coal mining. As mining depth increases, ground stresses rise significantly, rock brittleness increases, and the risk of rock burst increases. This hazard manifests as violent vibrations, roof shattering, and tunnel damage. In severe cases, it can cause casualties and damage to equipment. Rock burst is characterized by its suddenness, destructive power, and difficulty in early warning, making it a key obstacle to safe and efficient mining in deep mines. Currently, prevention and control measures are primarily implemented through geological surveys, microseismic monitoring, and stress regulation.

[0003] Among them, when deep mines deal with rock bursts, they usually adopt pre-unloading to prevent and control rock bursts. However, the existing deep mine unloading equipment has problems such as single structure and poor adaptability. It is impossible to flexibly switch the unloading method according to the complex geological conditions of deep mines, resulting in unsatisfactory unloading effects. At the same time, when blasting unloading or rock bursts occur, there is a lack of effective buffering measures, and there is a risk of shock wave leakage causing tunnel damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-adaptive pre-pressure relief device for deep mines to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a self-adaptive pre-decompression and emergency relief device for deep mines, comprising a support assembly, a pressure relief buffer assembly, a drilling assembly, a jet pressure relief assembly, and a blasting pressure relief assembly; The support assembly includes two symmetrically arranged side support plates, the top of the side support plates is installed with a top support plate through a connecting plate, and the outer walls of the side support plates and the top support plates are both installed with a plurality of equally spaced pressure relief buffer assemblies; The support assembly and the pressure relief buffer assembly are both penetrated by a drilling assembly, the drilling assembly comprising a hollow anchor rod and a drill bit, and the drill bit is fixedly connected to the end of the hollow anchor rod; A jet pressure relief assembly or a blasting pressure relief assembly is installed inside the hollow anchor rod. The jet pressure relief assembly is used for jet pressure relief through a drilling assembly, and the blasting pressure relief assembly is used for blasting pressure relief through a drilling assembly.

[0006] Preferably, the pressure relief buffer assembly includes a plurality of dampers, and the plurality of dampers are equidistantly arranged and installed on the outer walls of the side support plate and the top support plate, and the ends of the dampers are fixedly connected to explosion-proof plates.

[0007] Preferably, each explosion-proof plate is provided with a through hole, and the through hole extends along the axis and is opened on the side support plate and the top support plate, the hollow anchor rod passes through the through hole, and the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod is provided with a linear groove.

[0008] Preferably, the jet pressure relief assembly includes a rotary pipe joint, which is slidably installed inside the hollow anchor rod, the water inlet of the rotary pipe joint is connected to an external pipe, the water outlet of the rotary pipe joint is connected to a U-shaped water pipe, the end of the U-shaped water pipe is connected to a nozzle, the outer wall of the drill bit is provided with a jet hole, the outer wall of the U-shaped water pipe is installed with a U-shaped pipe bracket, and the U-shaped pipe bracket is slidably installed inside the linear groove.

[0009] Preferably, the blasting pressure relief assembly includes a movable cylinder, the outer wall of which is symmetrically provided with two ridges, the ridges being slidably mounted inside the linear groove, the interior of the movable cylinder being sequentially provided with a blasting device and an ignition device, the electrode of the ignition device being in contact with the ignition end of the blasting device.

[0010] Preferably, the electrical control end of the ignition device is connected to a wire.

[0011] Preferably, a cross groove is provided at the end of the movable cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the outer wall of the explosion-proof panel is coated with a buffer coating, and the buffer coating is a polyurea coating.

[0013] Preferably, the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod is fixedly connected to a limiting ring.

[0014] Preferably, the explosion-proof panel is a fiber-reinforced cement board.

[0015] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention establishes a pressure relief channel through a drilling component, combines with a jet pressure relief component to achieve continuous and directional hydraulic pressure relief, and effectively expands rock cracks. In addition, the use of a blasting pressure relief component can quickly release high-energy shock waves to achieve strong pressure relief, which is suitable for high-stress areas. By switching between the jet pressure relief component and the blasting pressure relief component in the hollow anchor rod and connecting the external water supply system and the blasting control system, the mine has higher adaptability and safety performance in the face of different pressure relief requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a self-adaptive pre-pressure relief device for deep mines according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram from another perspective of the deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device arranged in a mine tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a jet pressure relief assembly in a deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a blasting pressure relief assembly in a deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the jet pressure relief assembly in the deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the explosion structure of a blasting pressure relief assembly in a deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the explosion-proof plate in the deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Support assembly; 11. Side support plate; 12. Top support plate; 13. Connecting plate; 2. Pressure relief buffer assembly; 21. Flameproof plate; 22. Damper; 23. Through hole; 24. Buffer coating; 3. Drilling assembly; 31. Hollow anchor rod; 32. Drill bit; 33. Limiting ring; 34. Linear groove; 4. Jet pressure relief assembly; 41. External pipe; 42. Rotating pipe joint; 43. U-shaped water pipe; 44. Jet hole; 45. Nozzle; 46. U-shaped pipe bracket; 5. Blasting pressure relief assembly; 51. Wire; 52. Ignition device; 53. Blasting device; 54. Movable cylinder; 55. Protruding ridge; 56. Cross groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] See also Figure 1 An embodiment of the present invention provides a self-adaptive pre-decompression emergency relief device for deep mines, comprising: a support assembly 1, a pressure relief buffer assembly 2, a drilling assembly 3, a jet pressure relief assembly 4 and a blasting pressure relief assembly 5.

[0020] Among them, such as Figure 1-Figure 3As shown, the support assembly 1 includes two symmetrically arranged side support plates 11, and a top support plate 12 is installed on the top of the side support plate 11 through a connecting plate 13. The outer walls of the side support plates 11 and the top support plates 12 are installed with a number of equally spaced pressure relief buffer assemblies 2. The pressure relief buffer assembly 2 includes a number of dampers 22, and the dampers 22 are equally spaced and installed on the outer walls of the side support plates 11 and the top support plates 12. The ends of the dampers 22 are fixedly connected to the explosion-proof plates 21.

[0021] The support assembly 1 consists of two symmetrical side support plates 11 and a top support plate 12. The side support plates 11 are connected and fixed to the top support plate 12 through a connecting plate 13 to form a sturdy support structure for deep mine tunnels. The pressure relief buffer assembly 2 is composed of a number of equidistantly arranged explosion-proof plates 21. Dampers 22 are installed between the explosion-proof plates 21 and the side support plates 11 and the top support plate 12 to provide an effective buffering effect when impact ground pressure or active pressure relief occurs on the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0022] Furthermore, each explosion-proof plate 21 is provided with a through hole 23, and the through hole 23 extends along the axis and is opened on the side support plate 11 and the top support plate 12. The hollow anchor rod 31 passes through the through hole 23, and the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod 31 is provided with a linear groove 34. The explosion-proof plate 21 and the side support plate 11 and the top support plate 12 are provided with a through hole 23. The through hole 23 is used to pass through the drilling assembly 3 to pre-establish a pressure relief channel.

[0023] In addition, refer to Figure 8 The outer wall of the explosion-proof panel 21 is coated with a buffer coating 24, and the buffer coating 24 is a polyurea coating. The polyurea coating has high strength and elasticity, and can absorb part of the energy when the explosion impact or impact ground pressure causes impact, thereby improving the explosion-proof performance and overall safety of the explosion-proof panel 21. The explosion-proof panel 21 is a fiber-reinforced cement board, which has good high temperature resistance and impact resistance.

[0024] In this embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the support assembly 1 and the pressure relief buffer assembly 2 are both penetrated by a drilling assembly 3, and the drilling assembly 3 includes a hollow anchor rod 31 and a drill bit 32. The drill bit 32 is fixedly connected to the end of the hollow anchor rod 31. When the drilling assembly 3 is driven by an external driving device to perform rotational drilling, the drill bit 32 drives the hollow anchor rod 31 to drill into the mine rock mass, forming an effective pressure relief hole, providing a preset channel for subsequent jet or blasting pressure relief.

[0025] like Figure 1-Figure 7 As shown, a jet pressure relief assembly 4 or a blasting pressure relief assembly 5 is installed inside the hollow anchor 31 . The jet pressure relief assembly 4 is used for jet pressure relief through the drilling assembly 3 , and the blasting pressure relief assembly 5 is used for blasting pressure relief through the drilling assembly 3 .

[0026] Specifically, such as Figure 2-Figure 6 As shown, the jet pressure relief assembly 4 includes a rotating pipe joint 42, which is slidably installed inside the hollow anchor rod 31. The water inlet of the rotating pipe joint 42 is connected to the external pipe 41, and the water outlet of the rotating pipe joint 42 is connected to a U-shaped water pipe 43. The end of the U-shaped water pipe 43 is connected to a nozzle 45. The outer wall of the drill bit 32 is provided with a jet hole 44. The outer wall of the U-shaped water pipe 43 is installed with a U-shaped pipe bracket 46, and the U-shaped pipe bracket 46 is slidably installed inside the linear groove 34.

[0027] When the hollow anchor rod 31 is equipped with a jet pressure relief assembly 4, the rotary pipe joint 42 is slidably installed inside the hollow anchor rod 31, its water inlet is connected to the external pipe 41 to introduce a high-pressure water source, and the water outlet is connected to the U-shaped water pipe 43. The high-pressure water flows through the nozzle 45 and is ejected from the jet hole 44 on the drill bit 32, forming a directional water flow to flush the rock cracks and achieve continuous pressure relief. The U-shaped pipe bracket 46 slides along the linear groove 34 to ensure the stability of the pipeline during the drilling process and avoid difficulty in positioning the nozzle 45 into the jet hole 44.

[0028] In another embodiment, Figure 4 and Figure 7 As shown, the blasting pressure relief assembly 5 includes a movable cylinder 54, the outer wall of which is symmetrically provided with two ridges 55, which are slidably installed inside the linear groove 34, and the interior of the movable cylinder 54 is provided with a blasting device 53 and an ignition device 52 in sequence, and the electrode of the ignition device 52 is in contact with the ignition end of the blasting device 53.

[0029] When the hollow anchor rod 31 is equipped with a blasting pressure relief assembly 5, after the drilling assembly 3 drills the hole in place, the blasting device 53 and the ignition device 52 are placed into the hollow anchor rod 31 together through the movable cylinder 54, the electrode of the ignition device 52 is fitted with the ignition end of the blasting device 53, and the ignition device 52 is connected to the detonation control system through the wire 51. When the ignition device 52 is energized, the blasting is triggered, releasing an instantaneous high-energy shock wave, thereby achieving high-intensity and rapid pressure relief.

[0030] Furthermore, the electrical control end of the ignition device 52 is connected to a wire 51, which is used to transmit the control signal or current from the control system to the ignition device 52, so as to realize the control of the ignition timing and the start-stop process. The end of the movable tube 54 is provided with a cross groove 56. When the blasting device 53 is detonated, the cross groove 56 can quickly break the end of the movable tube 54 under the action of the explosion wave, thereby increasing the power of the blasting device 53.

[0031] It should be noted that the blasting device 53 is composed of a PVC detonating tube, an explosive coil, an electric detonator and a plug, and the ignition device 52 is connected to the electric detonator through an electrode to achieve blasting.

[0032] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The outer wall of the hollow anchor rod 31 is fixedly connected with a limit ring 33. Working principle: The limit ring 33 is used to limit the insertion depth of the hollow anchor rod 31 in the installation hole to prevent structural damage caused by excessive advancement and facilitate construction positioning.

[0033] In this embodiment, the jet pressure relief assembly 4 and the blasting pressure relief assembly 5 can be flexibly switched and installed inside the hollow anchor rod 31. The operator can choose a suitable pressure relief method according to the actual geological conditions and stress environment. Specifically, the jet pressure relief assembly 4 and the blasting pressure relief assembly 5 are quickly installed between the hollow anchor rod 31 by sliding.

[0034] Furthermore, the jet pressure relief assembly 4 and the blasting pressure relief assembly 5 can be respectively installed in different parts of the tunnel to which the support assembly 1 is attached. For example, the jet pressure relief assembly 4 is preferably arranged in an area of the surrounding rock with relatively low stress but continuous action, while the blasting pressure relief assembly 5 is arranged in an area with concentrated stress or a high risk of impact ground pressure.

[0035] In another embodiment, the external pipe 41 of the jet pressure relief component 4 can be connected to an external water supply system, and the blasting pressure relief component 5 can be connected to an external blasting control system through a wire 51. The water supply system and the blasting control system can be connected to the coal mine ground monitoring and dispatching platform, and the jet pressure relief or blasting pressure relief can be started at a scheduled time according to the preset program of the dispatching platform; alternatively, the dispatching platform can also realize adaptive control according to the impact ground pressure risk level feedback from the monitoring device associated with the tunnel support system (such as ground stress sensor, microseismic monitor, etc.), and start the corresponding pressure relief component as needed, so as to realize flexible configuration and automatic response of the pressure relief mode under different geological conditions, stress states or impact ground pressure warning states, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the device in a complex mine environment.

[0036] According to the above technical solution, the working steps of this solution are summarized and sorted out: In this embodiment, the support assembly 1 is composed of two symmetrical side support plates 11 and a top support plate 12. The side support plates 11 are connected and fixed to each other with the top support plate 12 through a connecting plate 13 to form a sturdy support structure for deep mine tunnels. The outer walls of the side support plates 11 and the top support plates 12 are evenly installed with a pressure relief buffer assembly 2. The assembly is composed of a number of equidistantly arranged explosion-proof plates 21. A damper 22 is installed between the explosion-proof plate 21 and the side support plates 11 and the top support plate 12 to provide an effective buffering effect when impact ground pressure or active pressure relief occurs on the inner wall of the tunnel. A through hole 23 is provided on the explosion-proof plate 21 and the side support plates 11 and the top support plate 12. The through hole 23 is used to penetrate the drilling assembly 3 to pre-establish a pressure relief channel.

[0037] When an external driving device is used to drive the drilling assembly 3 for rotary drilling, the drill bit 32 drives the hollow anchor rod 31 to drill into the mine rock, forming an effective pressure relief hole, providing a preset channel for subsequent jet or blasting pressure relief, and the inside of the hollow anchor rod 31 can be installed with a jet pressure relief assembly 4 or a blasting pressure relief assembly 5 according to actual needs.

[0038] When the hollow anchor rod 31 is equipped with a jet pressure relief assembly 4, the rotary pipe joint 42 is slidably installed inside the hollow anchor rod 31, its water inlet is connected to the external pipe 41 to introduce a high-pressure water source, and the water outlet is connected to the U-shaped water pipe 43. The high-pressure water flows through the nozzle 45 and is ejected from the jet hole 44 on the drill bit 32, forming a directional water flow to flush the rock cracks and achieve continuous pressure relief. The U-shaped pipe bracket 46 slides along the linear groove 34 to ensure the stability of the pipeline during the drilling process and avoid difficulty in positioning the nozzle 45 into the jet hole 44.

[0039] If the blasting pressure relief assembly 5 is selected, after the drilling assembly 3 has drilled the hole in place, the blasting device 53 and the ignition device 52 are placed together into the hollow anchor rod 31 through the movable cylinder 54, the electrode of the ignition device 52 is fitted with the ignition end of the blasting device 53, and the ignition device 52 is connected to the detonation control system through the wire 51. When the ignition device 52 is energized, the blasting is triggered, releasing an instantaneous high-energy shock wave to achieve high-intensity and rapid pressure relief. Among them, the convex ridges 55 on the outer wall of the movable cylinder 54 slide along the linear groove 34 to assist in locating the blasting point and improve accuracy. During blasting, the pressure relief buffer assembly 2 can provide blasting buffering and improve the safety performance of tunnel blasting pressure relief.

[0040] In summary: The present invention establishes a pressure relief channel through the drilling component 3, and combines the jet pressure relief component 4 to achieve continuous and directional hydraulic pressure relief, effectively expanding rock cracks. In addition, the blasting pressure relief component 5 can quickly release high-energy shock waves to achieve strong pressure relief, which is suitable for high-stress areas. By switching the jet pressure relief component 4 and the blasting pressure relief component 5 in the hollow anchor rod 31 and connecting the external water supply system and the blasting control system, the mine has higher adaptability and safety performance in the face of different pressure relief requirements.

[0041] Parts not described in the present invention are the same as those in the prior art or can be implemented using the prior art. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-adaptive pre-pressure relief device for deep mines, characterized in that: The device comprises a support assembly (1); The support assembly (1) comprises two symmetrically arranged side support plates (11), a top support plate (12) being mounted on the top of the side support plates (11) via a connecting plate (13), and a plurality of equally spaced pressure relief buffer assemblies (2) being mounted on the outer walls of the side support plates (11) and the top support plates (12); The support assembly (1) and the pressure relief buffer assembly (2) are both penetrated by a drilling assembly (3), the drilling assembly (3) comprising a hollow anchor rod (31) and a drill bit (32), the drill bit (32) being fixedly connected to the end of the hollow anchor rod (31); A jet pressure relief assembly (4) or a blasting pressure relief assembly (5) is installed inside the hollow anchor rod (31); the jet pressure relief assembly (4) is used for jet pressure relief through the drilling assembly (3); and the blasting pressure relief assembly (5) is used for blasting pressure relief through the drilling assembly (3).

2. The deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pressure relief buffer assembly (2) comprises a plurality of dampers (22), wherein the plurality of dampers (22) are equidistantly arranged and mounted on the outer walls of the side support plate (11) and the top support plate (12), and the ends of the dampers (22) are fixedly connected to the explosion-proof plates (21).

3. The deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Each explosion-proof plate (21) is provided with a through hole (23), and the through hole (23) is extended along the axis and opened on the side support plate (11) and the top support plate (12), the hollow anchor rod (31) passes through the through hole (23), and the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod (31) is provided with a linear groove (34).

4. The deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The jet pressure relief assembly (4) comprises a rotary pipe joint (42), the rotary pipe joint (42) being slidably mounted inside the hollow anchor rod (31), the water inlet of the rotary pipe joint (42) being connected to an external pipe (41), the water outlet of the rotary pipe joint (42) being connected to a U-shaped water pipe (43), the end of the U-shaped water pipe (43) being connected to a nozzle (45), the outer wall of the drill bit (32) being provided with a jet hole (44), the outer wall of the U-shaped water pipe (43) being mounted with a U-shaped pipe bracket (46), the U-shaped pipe bracket (46) being slidably mounted inside the linear groove (34).

5. The deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device according to claim 3 is characterized by: The blasting pressure relief assembly (5) comprises a movable cylinder (54), the outer wall of the movable cylinder (54) being symmetrically provided with two convex ridges (55), the convex ridges (55) being slidably mounted inside the linear groove (34), and the interior of the movable cylinder (54) being provided with a blasting device (53) and an ignition device (52) in sequence, the electrode of the ignition device (52) being in contact with the ignition end of the blasting device (53).

6. The deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The electric control end of the ignition device (52) is connected to a wire (51).

7. The deep mine adaptive pre-pressure relief device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A cross groove (56) is provided at the end of the movable cylinder (54).

8. The self-adaptive pre-pressure relief device for deep mines according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The outer wall of the explosion-proof panel (21) is coated with a buffer coating (24), and the buffer coating (24) is a polyurea coating.

9. The self-adaptive pre-pressure relief device for deep mines according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The outer wall of the hollow anchor rod (31) is fixedly connected to a limiting ring (33).

10. The self-adaptive pre-pressure relief device for deep mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The explosion-proof panel (21) is a fiber-reinforced cement panel.

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