Management and control method for reducing malformed fruits caused by non-development of pineapple fruits

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of pineapple planting, in particular to a management and control method for reducing malformed fruits caused by non-development of pineapple kernels. The management and control method comprises the steps of regulating and controlling nutrition before a flowering period, optimizing a microenvironment in a flowering period, strengthening management in a young fruit period and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests. The operation of regulating and controlling the nutrition before the flowering stage comprises the following steps: supplying a water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer by adopting a drip irrigation system from a seedling stage to a flowering accelerating stage; the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus to potassium in the water dispersible slow-release fertilizer is 1: (1.1-1.3): (1.4-1.6); the operation of optimizing the microenvironment in the flower forcing period comprises the following steps: forcing flowers in cloudy days at the temperature of 18-25 DEG C or at dusk; after the inflorescence develops, a mixed solution of ethephon and gibberellic acid is adopted for core filling; the operation of strengthening young fruit stage management comprises the following steps: in a young fruit stage, spraying a mixed aqueous solution of sugar alcohol calcium and monopotassium phosphate to leaf surfaces; the operation of comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps: covering with breathable insect-preventing fruit bags 20 days after flowers wither, and releasing natural enemies to control the cardinal number of pests.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pineapple planting, and in particular to a control method for reducing the occurrence of pineapple fruit underdevelopment and deformed fruit. Background Art

[0002] Pineapples are the most popular of the four major tropical specialty fruits, known for their rich and unique aroma, balanced sweet and sour taste, and high yield. Since most of China is located in a non-tropical climate zone, pineapples fill the gap in fruit shortages in northern China from January to May each year, making them a popular high-end tropical fruit with high economic value.

[0003] The marketability of pineapple fruit is closely linked to the uniform development of the eye (the "eye" structure on the fruit's surface). In large-scale cultivation, the following reasons often lead to the lack of or uneven development of the eye, resulting in deformed fruit and severely impacting the marketability and economic benefits of the fruit.

[0004] (1) Variety characteristics: Some pineapple varieties have weak fruit differentiation ability and are easily affected by the external environment; (2) Climatic factors: Extreme high temperature, low temperature or insufficient light leads to abnormal flower bud differentiation and hindered fruit development; (3) Nutritional imbalance: Excessive nitrogen fertilizer causes excessive vegetative growth, inhibits reproductive growth, and leads to uneven fruit differentiation; (4) Cultivation technology defects: Traditional flower induction technology does not accurately control temperature, humidity and hormones, which can easily cause delayed or stagnant fruit development; (5) Pest and disease interference: Fruit surface pests (such as stink bugs and mealybugs) damage or pathogen infection lead to local fruit necrosis and deformity.

[0005] Existing technologies primarily focus on preventing fruit cracking and preserving flowers and fruits, but lack targeted, systematic approaches to regulating fruit development, resulting in a high rate of fruit deformities. Traditional methods suffer from three major flaws: ① Extensive nutritional management leads to uneven flower bud differentiation; ② Exclusive hormone use causes asynchronous fruit development; and ③ Lack of proactive pest and disease control leads to fruit surface damage.

[0006] At the same time, in the pineapple production process, fruit farmers often invest a lot of chemical fertilizers in pursuit of output. Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers causes soil acidification and decreased fertility, causing crop leaves and roots to grow too long, consuming too much energy and nutrients, and reducing the nutrient distribution ratio of reproductive organs such as fruits. This not only causes reduced production and decreased quality, but also leads to an increase in the proportion of deformed fruits, seriously restricting the green and healthy development of the pineapple planting industry.

[0007] Therefore, developing a method for improving pineapple quality, preventing fruit cracking, and increasing yield control is of great significance for enhancing pineapple quality and improving market competitiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a control method for reducing the development of pineapple fruit and producing deformed fruits.

[0009] A method for reducing the occurrence of pineapple fruit failure and deformed fruit, including: regulating nutrition before flowering, optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period, strengthening management during the young fruit period, and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests; Among them, the operation of regulating nutrition before flowering includes: using a drip irrigation system to supply water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer from the seedling stage to the flowering stage to maintain the soil EC value ≤ 0.3; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer is 1:1.1-1.3:1.4-1.6; Optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period includes: inducing flowering on cloudy days or in the evening with a temperature of 18-25°C and a humidity of 60-75%; after inflorescence development, irrigating the heart with a mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid; Strengthening management during the young fruit stage includes: spraying the leaves with a mixed aqueous solution of calcium glycoside and potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the young fruit stage; Integrated pest and disease control measures include covering the fruit with breathable insect-proof fruit bags 20 days after flowering and releasing natural enemies to control the pest population.

[0010] Preferably, in the process of integrated pest control, the natural enemies are lacewings and / or ladybugs.

[0011] More preferably, lacewings are used as natural enemies and the release rate is 18-22 per m 2 .

[0012] Preferably, during the intensified management of young fruits, in the mixed aqueous solution of calcium saccharide alcohol and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the mass fraction of calcium saccharide alcohol is 0.2-0.4%, and the mass fraction of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.15-0.25%.

[0013] More preferably, the spraying frequency of the mixed aqueous solution of calcium sulphite and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is once per week, and the spraying is continued for 3 times.

[0014] Preferably, during the strengthened management of young fruits, artificial or mechanical vibration of the inflorescence is used to promote uniform distribution of pollen.

[0015] Preferably, in the process of optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering induction period, a zinc-containing nutrient solution is supplied by a drip irrigation system during the period from flowering induction to inflorescence development and formation.

[0016] More preferably, in the zinc-containing nutrient solution, the mass percentage of zinc element is 0.1-0.14%.

[0017] Preferably, in the process of optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period, the mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid is obtained by diluting gibberellic acid 1500 times and then mixing it with ethephon in a volume ratio of 3:1.

[0018] Preferably, the dosage of the mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid for heart injection is 180-220 mL / plant.

[0019] Preferably, during the process of regulating nutrition before flowering, medium and trace element fertilizers are also sprayed on the leaves; in the medium and trace element fertilizers, the mass percentage of boron is 0.15-0.25%, and the mass percentage of zinc is 0.08-0.12%.

[0020] Preferably, the water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: adding gibberellic acid and an active agent to water and stirring for 10-20 minutes, homogenizing under high pressure of 20-30 MPa to form a microemulsion, adjusting the pH value of the system to 4-5, adding chitosan and stirring for 10-30 minutes, adjusting the pH value of the system to 6-7, adding hyaluronic acid and continuing to stir for 1-2 hours, adding glutaraldehyde and continuing to stir for 5-12 minutes, letting it stand for 1-2 hours, filtering, washing, spray drying, adding stabilizing urea, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, coenzyme, trace elements, and water and stirring evenly.

[0021] More preferably, the active agent is Tween-60.

[0022] More preferably, the trace elements include fluid boron, chelated zinc, and calcium nitrate; More preferably, the phosphate fertilizer is at least one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and superphosphate.

[0023] More preferably, the potash fertilizer is at least one of potassium nitrate, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate.

[0024] More preferably, the coenzyme is at least one of chitosanase, catalase, and neutral protease.

[0025] More preferably, the mass ratio of gibberellic acid, active agent, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, glutaraldehyde, stabilizing urea, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, coenzyme, trace elements and water is 2-10:1:2-4:2-4:0.2-1:80-90:80-122:100-164:0.2-2:2-4:60-160.

[0026] More preferably, the stabilized urea is prepared by the following steps: dopamine hydrochloride, dicyandiamide, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and water are uniformly mixed, the pH value of the system is adjusted to 8.5-9.2, the mixture is evenly sprayed on the surface of urea in a fluidized state, and vacuum dried.

[0027] More preferably, the mass ratio of dopamine hydrochloride, dicyandiamide, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and urea is 1-3:1:1-2:1-2:200-400.

[0028] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention uses an integrated Internet of Things combined with a drip irrigation system to accurately supply water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer on demand from the seedling stage to the flowering stage, maintains the soil EC value ≤ 0.3, avoids salt stress from inhibiting fruit development, and controls the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content ratio in the water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer, and sprays medium and trace element fertilizers to promote flower bud differentiation and fruit primordium formation.

[0029] (2) The present invention uses dopamine oxidation to self-polymerize into bio-glue polydopamine and cooperates with dicyandiamide to form a stable coating layer on the surface of urea, which not only has a significant nitrification inhibition effect, but also can effectively reduce nitrogen leaching and runoff losses, and delay urea hydrolysis, thereby comprehensively improving nitrogen utilization rate; when the stabilized urea is used for nutritional regulation before flowering, it can form a protective film on the surface of the plant, reduce the phenomenon of fruit deformity in the young fruit stage, and improve the transportation and absorption of nutrients, with a significant yield increase effect and improved crop quality.

[0030] (3) The present invention utilizes gibberellic acid to be dispersed in water in combination with an active agent, and forms a microemulsion through high-pressure homogenization. The microemulsion is then condensed and coated with positively charged chitosan and negatively charged hyaluronic acid. After solidification, the gibberellic acid can be effectively protected and can also be used with water. At the same time, the process parameters are adjusted according to the growth law of the crop. The gibberellic acid can be slowly released before the flowering period to promote the differentiation of flower buds. After the inflorescence develops, the surface coating layer and the polydopamine layer are degraded to achieve an explosive release of gibberellic acid, which simultaneously stimulates the differentiation of fruit heads and reduces the rate of deformed fruits. In combination with the stabilizing effect of urea, the occurrence rate of small and inferior fruits is effectively reduced, the yield increase effect is significant, and the occurrence of deformed fruits is effectively reduced. The sweetness and taste of the pineapples produced are greatly improved compared with the traditional method.

[0031] (4) The present invention promotes flowering on cloudy days or in the evening when the temperature is 18-25°C and the humidity is 60-75% to avoid pollen abortion caused by high temperature and strong light; and after the inflorescence develops, a mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid is used for heart irrigation to stimulate the synchronous differentiation of fruit heads and reduce delayed development or natural development.

[0032] (5) The present invention uses artificial or mechanical vibration of the inflorescence to promote uniform distribution of pollen to ensure sufficient pollination of each fruit; and sprays sugar alcohol calcium and potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the young fruit stage for targeted calcium supplementation to enhance the strength of the fruit cell wall and prevent the fruit from collapsing due to calcium deficiency.

[0033] (6) The present invention uses breathable insect-proof fruit bags to cover the fruit to block the damage caused by pests such as stink bugs and mealybugs; and releases natural enemies such as lacewings and ladybugs to control the base number of pests, thereby reducing the interference of chemical pesticides on the development of fruit.

[0034] The present invention adopts the above-mentioned operations and integrates a pre-control method of environmental regulation, nutritional management and biotechnology to effectively reduce the probability of deformed fruit generation, significantly increase yield, and greatly improve the sweetness and taste of the pineapple produced compared with traditional methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a comparison chart of the fruit shape index and deformed fruit rate of Example 5 group, Example 6 group, comparative example group, and conventional planting group.

[0036] Figure 2 The figure is a comparison chart of single fruit weight and soluble solid content of Example 5 group, Example 6 group, comparative example group and conventional planting group.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a comparison chart of the growth rate of single fruit weight and the growth rate of soluble solids of Example 5 group, Example 6 group, comparative example group and conventional planting group.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a comparison chart of the soluble sugar content and titratable acid content of Example 5 group, Example 6 group, comparative example group, and conventional planting group.

[0039] Figure 5 The figure is a comparison chart of the sugar-acid ratio and vitamin C content of Example 5 group, Example 6 group, comparative example group, and conventional planting group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0041] Example 1 A control method for reducing pineapple fruit eye underdevelopment and resulting in deformed fruits, comprising: regulating nutrition before flowering, optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period, strengthening management during the young fruit period, and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and pests.

[0042] (1) The specific operations for regulating nutrition before flowering are as follows: (1.1) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, a drip irrigation system is used to supply water-dispersed slow-release fertilizer to maintain the soil EC value at 0.25-0.30; the soil EC value is monitored in real time through the Internet of Things sensor, and when the EC value is greater than 0.3, the drip irrigation system is automatically activated for leaching and desalination.

[0043] The water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: adding 2g of gibberellic acid and 1g of Tween-60 to 10g of water and stirring for 10 minutes at a stirring speed of 500r / min, sending the mixture into a high-pressure homogenizer for high-pressure homogenization to form a microemulsion at a homogenization pressure of 20MPa, adjusting the pH value of the system to 4-5, adding 2g of chitosan and stirring at a speed of 1000r / min for 10 minutes to adjust the pH value of the system to 6-7, adding 2g of hyaluronic acid and continuing to stir for 1h, adding 0.2g of glutaraldehyde and continuing to stir for 5 minutes, letting it stand for 1-2h, filtering, washing and spray drying; and adding 85g of stabilizing urea, 82.7g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 108.8g of potassium nitrate, 0.2g of neutral protease, 0.5g of glycine chelated zinc, 1g of fluid boron, 0.5g of calcium nitrate and 60g of water and stirring evenly.

[0044] Stabilized urea is prepared by the following steps: 1g dopamine hydrochloride, 1g dicyandiamide, 1g polyvinyl alcohol, 1g sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 20g water are mixed evenly, the pH value of the system is adjusted to 8.5-9.2, and the mixture is evenly sprayed on the surface of 200g urea in a fluidized state through a fluidized bed, the air inlet temperature of the fluidized bed is controlled at 60°C, and vacuum dried.

[0045] (1.2) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, spray the leaves with medium and trace element fertilizer (including 0.2% liquid boron and 0.1% glycine chelated zinc) once every three days for three consecutive times. (2) The specific operations for optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period are as follows: (2.1) Flowering should be promoted on a cloudy day with a temperature of 18°C and a humidity of 60%.

[0046] (2.2) From the time of induction of flowering to the time of inflorescence development, a 0.1% glycine chelated zinc nutrient solution was supplied once every 7 days using a drip irrigation system.

[0047] (2.3) After the inflorescence develops, use a mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid (gibberellic acid diluted 1500 times and then mixed with ethephon in a volume ratio of 3:1) for heart irrigation. The injection dosage is 180 mL / plant.

[0048] (3) The specific operations for strengthening management during the young fruit stage are as follows: (3.1) Artificial vibration of inflorescences promotes uniform distribution of pollen.

[0049] (3.2) During the young fruit stage, spray the leaves with a mixed aqueous solution of 0.2% calcium sulphite and 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (CaSO4) at a frequency of once a week for three consecutive times.

[0050] (4) The specific operation of integrated pest control is as follows: 20 days after the flowers fade, cover the fruit with breathable insect-proof bags and release lacewings to control the base number of pests. The release rate is 18 per m 2 .

[0051] Example 2 A control method for reducing pineapple fruit eye underdevelopment and resulting in deformed fruits, comprising: regulating nutrition before flowering, optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period, strengthening management during the young fruit period, and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and pests.

[0052] (1) The specific operations for regulating nutrition before flowering are as follows: (1.1) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, a drip irrigation system is used to supply water-dispersed slow-release fertilizer to maintain the soil EC value at 0.25-0.30; the soil EC value is monitored in real time through the Internet of Things sensor, and when the EC value is greater than 0.3, the drip irrigation system is automatically activated for leaching and desalination.

[0053] The water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: adding 10g of gibberellic acid and 1g of Tween-60 to 30g of water and stirring for 20min at a stirring speed of 1500r / min, sending the mixture into a high-pressure homogenizer for high-pressure homogenization to form a microemulsion with a homogenization pressure of 30MPa, adjusting the pH value of the system to 4-5, adding 4g of chitosan and stirring at a speed of 2000r / min for 30min to adjust the pH value of the system to 6-7, adding 4g of hyaluronic acid and continuing to stir for 2h, adding 1g of glutaraldehyde and continuing to stir for 12min, letting it stand for 2h, filtering, washing and spray drying; adding 85g of stabilizing urea, 110.5g of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 104.6g of potassium chloride, 2g of catalase, 1g of glycine chelated zinc, 2g of fluid boron, 1g of calcium nitrate and 160g of water and stirring evenly.

[0054] Stabilized urea was prepared by the following steps: 3 g of dopamine hydrochloride, 1 g of dicyandiamide, 2 g of polyvinyl alcohol, 2 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 40 g of water were mixed evenly, the pH value of the system was adjusted to 8.5-9.2, and the mixture was evenly sprayed on the surface of 400 g of urea in a fluidized state through a fluidized bed, the air inlet temperature of the fluidized bed was controlled at 70°C, and vacuum dried.

[0055] (1.2) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, spray the leaves with medium and trace element fertilizer (including 0.2% liquid boron and 0.1% glycine chelated zinc) once every three days for three consecutive times. (2) The specific operations for optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period are as follows: (2.1) Flowering should be promoted in the evening when the temperature is 25℃ and the humidity is 75%.

[0056] (2.2) From the time of induction of flowering to the time of inflorescence development, a 0.14% glycine chelated zinc nutrient solution was supplied every 7 days using a drip irrigation system.

[0057] (2.3) After the inflorescence develops, use a mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid (gibberellic acid diluted 1500 times and then mixed with ethephon in a volume ratio of 3:1) for heart irrigation. The injection dosage is 220 mL / plant.

[0058] (3) The specific operations for strengthening management during the young fruit stage are as follows: (3.1) Artificial vibration of inflorescences promotes uniform distribution of pollen.

[0059] (3.2) During the young fruit stage, spray the leaves with a mixed aqueous solution of 0.4% calcium sulphite and 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.25% by mass). The spraying frequency is once a week for three consecutive times.

[0060] (4) The specific operation of integrated pest control is as follows: 20 days after the flowers fade, cover the fruit with breathable insect-proof bags and release lacewings to control the base number of pests. The release rate is 22 per m 2 .

[0061] Example 3 A control method for reducing pineapple fruit eye underdevelopment and resulting in deformed fruits, comprising: regulating nutrition before flowering, optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period, strengthening management during the young fruit period, and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and pests.

[0062] (1) The specific operations for regulating nutrition before flowering are as follows: (1.1) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, a drip irrigation system is used to supply water-dispersed slow-release fertilizer to maintain the soil EC value at 0.25-0.30; the soil EC value is monitored in real time through the Internet of Things sensor, and when the EC value is greater than 0.3, the drip irrigation system is automatically activated for leaching and desalination.

[0063] The water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: adding 4g of gibberellic acid and 1g of Tween-60 to 25g of water and stirring for 12min at a stirring speed of 1200r / min; sending the mixture into a high-pressure homogenizer for high-pressure homogenization to form a microemulsion at a homogenization pressure of 23MPa; adjusting the pH value of the system to 4-5; adding 3.5g of chitosan and stirring at a speed of 1200r / min for 25min to adjust the pH value of the system to 6-7; adding 2.5g of hyaluronic acid and continuing to stir for 100min; adding 0.4g of glutaraldehyde and continuing to stir for 10min; standing for 80min, filtering, washing, and spray drying; and adding 85g of stabilizing urea, 102g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 117.3g of potassium sulfate, 1.6g of chitosanase, 1g of glycine chelated zinc, 1g of fluid boron, 0.5g of calcium nitrate, and 140g of water and stirring evenly.

[0064] Stabilized urea was prepared by the following steps: 1.5 g dopamine hydrochloride, 1 g dicyandiamide, 1.8 g polyvinyl alcohol, 1.3 g sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 35 g water were mixed evenly, the pH value of the system was adjusted to 8.5-9.2, and the mixture was evenly sprayed on the surface of 250 g urea in a fluidized state through a fluidized bed, the air inlet temperature of the fluidized bed was controlled at 68°C, and the mixture was vacuum dried.

[0065] (1.2) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, spray the leaves with medium and trace element fertilizer (including 0.2% liquid boron and 0.1% glycine chelated zinc) once every three days for three consecutive times. (2) The specific operations for optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period are as follows: (2.1) Flowering should be promoted on a cloudy day with a temperature of 20℃ and a humidity of 70%.

[0066] (2.2) From the time of induction of flowering to the time of inflorescence development, a 0.13% glycine chelated zinc nutrient solution was supplied every 7 days using a drip irrigation system.

[0067] (2.3) After the inflorescence develops, use a mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid (gibberellic acid diluted 1500 times and then mixed with ethephon in a volume ratio of 3:1) for heart irrigation. The injection dosage is 190 mL / plant.

[0068] (3) The specific operations for strengthening management during the young fruit stage are as follows: (3.1) Use a mechanical vibration device with a frequency of 40 Hz to vibrate the inflorescence twice a day, each time lasting 30 seconds.

[0069] (3.2) During the young fruit stage, spray the leaves with a mixed aqueous solution of 0.35% calcium sulphite and 0.18% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (CaSO4) at a frequency of once a week for three consecutive times.

[0070] (4) The specific operation of integrated pest control is as follows: 20 days after the flowers fade, cover the fruit with breathable insect-proof bags and release lacewings to control the base number of pests. The release rate is 21 per m 2 .

[0071] Example 4 A control method for reducing pineapple fruit eye underdevelopment and resulting in deformed fruits, comprising: regulating nutrition before flowering, optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period, strengthening management during the young fruit period, and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and pests.

[0072] (1) The specific operations for regulating nutrition before flowering are as follows: (1.1) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, a drip irrigation system is used to supply water-dispersed slow-release fertilizer to maintain the soil EC value at 0.25-0.30; the soil EC value is monitored in real time through the Internet of Things sensor, and when the EC value is greater than 0.3, the drip irrigation system is automatically activated for leaching and desalination.

[0073] The water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: adding 8g of gibberellic acid and 1g of Tween-60 to 15g of water and stirring for 18min at a stirring speed of 800r / min; sending the mixture into a high-pressure homogenizer for high-pressure homogenization to form a microemulsion at a homogenization pressure of 27MPa; adjusting the pH value of the system to 4-5; adding 2.5g of chitosan and stirring at a speed of 1800r / min for 15min to adjust the pH value of the system to 6-7; adding 3.5g of hyaluronic acid and continuing to stir for 80min; adding 0.8g of glutaraldehyde and continuing to stir for 6min; standing for 100min, filtering, washing, and spray drying; and adding 85g of stabilizing urea, 102g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 117.3g of potassium sulfate, 0.6g of chitosanase, 1g of glycine chelated zinc, 1.5g of fluid boron, 1g of calcium nitrate, and 80g of water and stirring evenly.

[0074] Stabilized urea was prepared by the following steps: 2.5 g of dopamine hydrochloride, 1 g of dicyandiamide, 1.2 g of polyvinyl alcohol, 1.7 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 25 g of water were mixed evenly, the pH value of the system was adjusted to 8.5-9.2, and the mixture was evenly sprayed on the surface of 350 g of urea in a fluidized state through a fluidized bed, the air inlet temperature of the fluidized bed was controlled at 62°C, and the mixture was vacuum dried.

[0075] (1.2) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, spray the leaves with medium and trace element fertilizer (including 0.2% liquid boron and 0.1% glycine chelated zinc) once every three days for three consecutive times. (2) The specific operations for optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period are as follows: (2.1) Flowering should be promoted in the evening when the temperature is 24℃ and the humidity is 65%.

[0076] (2.2) From the time of induction of flowering to the time of inflorescence development, a 0.11% glycine chelated zinc nutrient solution was supplied once every 7 days using a drip irrigation system.

[0077] (2.3) After the inflorescence develops, use a mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid (gibberellic acid diluted 1500 times and then mixed with ethephon in a volume ratio of 3:1) for heart irrigation. The injection dosage is 210 mL / plant.

[0078] (3) The specific operations for strengthening management during the young fruit stage are as follows: (3.1) Use a mechanical vibration device with a frequency of 60 Hz to vibrate the inflorescence twice a day, each time lasting 30 seconds.

[0079] (3.2) During the young fruit stage, spray the leaves with a mixed aqueous solution of 0.25% calcium sulphite and 0.22% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (CaSO4) at a frequency of once a week for three consecutive times.

[0080] (4) The specific operation of integrated pest control is as follows: 20 days after the flowers fade, cover the fruit with breathable insect-proof bags and release lacewings to control the base number of pests. The release rate is 19 per m 2 .

[0081] Example 5 A control method for reducing pineapple fruit eye underdevelopment and resulting in deformed fruits, comprising: regulating nutrition before flowering, optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period, strengthening management during the young fruit period, and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and pests.

[0082] (1) The specific operations for regulating nutrition before flowering are as follows: (1.1) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, a drip irrigation system is used to supply water-dispersed slow-release fertilizer to maintain the soil EC value at 0.25-0.30; the soil EC value is monitored in real time through the Internet of Things sensor, and when the EC value is greater than 0.3, the drip irrigation system is automatically activated for leaching and desalination.

[0083] The water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: adding 6g of gibberellic acid and 1g of Tween-60 to 20g of water and stirring for 15min at a stirring speed of 1000r / min; sending the mixture into a high-pressure homogenizer for high-pressure homogenization to form a microemulsion at a homogenization pressure of 25MPa; adjusting the pH value of the system to 4-5; adding 3g of chitosan and stirring at a speed of 1500r / min for 20min to adjust the pH value of the system to 6-7; adding 3g of hyaluronic acid and continuing to stir for 90min; adding 0.6g of glutaraldehyde and continuing to stir for 8min; standing for 90min, filtering, washing, and spray drying; and adding 85g of stabilizing urea, 102g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 117.3g of potassium sulfate, 1g of chitosanase, 1g of glycine chelated zinc, 1g of fluid boron, 1g of calcium nitrate, and 120g of water and stirring evenly.

[0084] Stabilized urea was prepared by the following steps: 2 g of dopamine hydrochloride, 1 g of dicyandiamide, 1.5 g of polyvinyl alcohol, 1.5 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 30 g of water were mixed evenly, the pH value of the system was adjusted to 8.5-9.2, and the mixture was evenly sprayed on the surface of 300 g of urea in a fluidized state through a fluidized bed, the air inlet temperature of the fluidized bed was controlled at 65°C, and vacuum dried.

[0085] (1.2) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, spray the leaves with medium and trace element fertilizer (including 0.2% liquid boron and 0.1% glycine chelated zinc) once every three days for three consecutive times. (2) The specific operations for optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period are as follows: (2.1) Flowering should be promoted on a cloudy day with a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 68%.

[0086] (2.2) From the time of induction of flowering to the time of inflorescence development, a 0.12% glycine chelated zinc nutrient solution was supplied once every 7 days using a drip irrigation system.

[0087] (2.3) After the inflorescence develops, use a mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid (gibberellic acid diluted 1500 times and then mixed with ethephon in a volume ratio of 3:1) for heart irrigation. The injection dose is 200 mL / plant.

[0088] (3) The specific operations for strengthening management during the young fruit stage are as follows: (3.1) Use a mechanical vibration device with a frequency of 50 Hz to vibrate the inflorescence twice a day, each time lasting 30 seconds.

[0089] (3.2) During the young fruit stage, spray the leaves with a mixed aqueous solution of 0.3% calcium sulphite and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.2% by mass). The spraying frequency is once a week for three consecutive times.

[0090] (4) The specific operation of integrated pest control is as follows: 20 days after the flowers fade, cover the fruit with breathable insect-proof bags and release lacewings to control the base number of pests at a rate of 20 per m 2 .

[0091] Example 6 A control method for reducing pineapple fruit eye underdevelopment and resulting in deformed fruits, comprising: regulating nutrition before flowering, optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period, strengthening management during the young fruit period, and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and pests.

[0092] (1) The specific operations for regulating nutrition before flowering are as follows: (1.1) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, a drip irrigation system is used to supply water-dispersed slow-release fertilizer to maintain the soil EC value at 0.25-0.30; the soil EC value is monitored in real time through the Internet of Things sensor, and when the EC value is greater than 0.3, the drip irrigation system is automatically activated for leaching and desalination.

[0093] The water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing 85 g of urea, 121 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 157.2 g of potassium sulfate, 1 g of chitosanase, 1 g of glycine chelated zinc, 1 g of fluid boron, 1 g of calcium nitrate and 120 g of water.

[0094] (1.2) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, spray the leaves with medium and trace element fertilizer (including 0.2% liquid boron and 0.1% glycine chelated zinc) once every three days for three consecutive times. (2) The specific operations for optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period are as follows: (2.1) Flowering should be promoted on a cloudy day with a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 68%.

[0095] (2.2) From the time of induction of flowering to the time of inflorescence development, a 0.12% glycine chelated zinc nutrient solution was supplied once every 7 days using a drip irrigation system.

[0096] (2.3) After the inflorescence develops, use a mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid (gibberellic acid diluted 1500 times and then mixed with ethephon in a volume ratio of 3:1) for heart irrigation. The injection dose is 200 mL / plant.

[0097] (3) The specific operations for strengthening management during the young fruit stage are as follows: (3.1) Use a mechanical vibration device with a frequency of 50 Hz to vibrate the inflorescence twice a day, each time lasting 30 seconds.

[0098] (3.2) During the young fruit stage, spray the leaves with a mixed aqueous solution of 0.3% calcium sulphite and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.2% by mass). The spraying frequency is once a week for three consecutive times.

[0099] (4) The specific operation of integrated pest control is as follows: 20 days after the flowers fade, cover the fruit with breathable insect-proof bags and release lacewings to control the base number of pests at a rate of 20 per m 2 .

[0100] Comparative Example A control method for reducing pineapple fruit eye underdevelopment and resulting in deformed fruits, comprising: regulating nutrition before flowering, optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period, strengthening management during the young fruit period, and comprehensively preventing and controlling diseases and pests.

[0101] (1) The specific operations for regulating nutrition before flowering are as follows: (1.1) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, a drip irrigation system is used to supply water-dispersed slow-release fertilizer to maintain the soil EC value at 0.25-0.30; the soil EC value is monitored in real time through the Internet of Things sensor, and when the EC value is greater than 0.3, the drip irrigation system is automatically activated for leaching and desalination.

[0102] The water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing 119.3 g of urea, 121 g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 157.2 g of potassium sulfate, 1 g of chitosanase, 1 g of glycine chelated zinc, 1 g of fluid boron, 1 g of calcium nitrate and 120 g of water.

[0103] (1.2) From the seedling stage to the flowering stage, spray the leaves with medium and trace element fertilizer (including 0.2% liquid boron and 0.1% glycine chelated zinc) once every three days for three consecutive times.

[0104] (2) The specific operations for optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period are as follows: (2.1) Flowering should be promoted on a cloudy day with a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 68%.

[0105] (2.2) From the time of induction of flowering to the time of inflorescence development, a 0.12% glycine chelated zinc nutrient solution was supplied once every 7 days using a drip irrigation system.

[0106] (2.3) After the inflorescence develops, use a mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid (gibberellic acid diluted 1500 times and then mixed with ethephon in a volume ratio of 3:1) for heart irrigation. The injection dose is 200 mL / plant.

[0107] (3) The specific operations for strengthening management during the young fruit stage are as follows: (3.1) Use a mechanical vibration device with a frequency of 50 Hz to vibrate the inflorescence twice a day, each time lasting 30 seconds.

[0108] (3.2) During the young fruit stage, spray the leaves with a mixed aqueous solution of 0.3% calcium sulphite and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.2% by mass). The spraying frequency is once a week for three consecutive times.

[0109] (4) The specific operation of integrated pest control is as follows: 20 days after the flowers fade, cover the fruit with breathable insect-proof bags and release lacewings to control the base number of pests at a rate of 20 per m 2 .

[0110] Field trials were conducted at a pineapple cultivation base in Lingshui, Hainan. The region has a tropical monsoon maritime climate with abundant rainfall, an average annual rainfall of 1,715 mm, an average annual temperature of 25.4°C, and an average annual sunshine of 2,261.6 hours. The field soil was red soil with a pH of 5.7, an organic matter content of 25.93 g / kg, a total nitrogen content of 222.68 mg / kg, an available phosphorus content of 413.25 mg / kg, and an available potassium content of 127.61 mg / kg.

[0111] Tainong No. 17 was used as the planting object, and the control methods of Example 5, Example 6, and the comparative example were compared with the local conventional planting method. Each group of plots was 12 m long and 8 m wide, and randomly arranged in blocks. Double-row planting was adopted, with plant spacing and row spacing of 33 cm and 50 cm, respectively, and double-row planting, with 3,300 plants planted per mu. The daily field management (such as application of base fertilizer, topdressing, etc.) of Example 5, Example 6, and the comparative example were consistent with the local conventional planting method.

[0112] During the fruit ripening period, 10 fruits were randomly selected from each plot to measure the yield, and 3 pineapple fruits with basically the same size and uniform maturity were selected to evaluate the appearance quality and internal quality.

[0113] Appearance quality was evaluated as follows: Fruit diameters were measured according to NY / T 2668.8-2018, "Technical Procedures for Testing Tropical Crop Varieties," and the fruit shape index (fruit shape index = fruit diameter ÷ fruit diameter) and deformity rate (deformity rate = number of deformed fruits ÷ total number of fruits × 100%) were calculated. Pineapple fruit deformities include: absence of crown buds, multiple crown buds, curved fruit, and stunted small fruit.

[0114] The intrinsic quality evaluation is as follows: the soluble solids content is determined by a digital handheld sugar meter; the soluble sugar content is determined by the anthrone sulfate colorimetric method; the titratable acid content is determined by sodium hydroxide titration (calculated as citric acid); and the vitamin C content is determined by 2,6-dichloroindophenol titration.

[0115] At the same time, since the differences in individual fruit weight and soluble solids in the figure were not obvious, the applicant further calculated the individual fruit weight growth rate and soluble solids growth rate based on the individual fruit weight and soluble solids of the conventional planting group.

[0116] Single fruit weight growth rate = (single fruit weight of experimental group - single fruit weight of conventional planting group) ÷ single fruit weight of conventional planting group × 100%.

[0117] Soluble solids growth rate = (soluble solids content of experimental group - soluble solids content of conventional planting group) ÷ soluble solids content of conventional planting group × 100%.

[0118] like Figure 1 As shown, the deformed fruit rates of Example 5 and Example 6 groups were small, which were better than those of the other groups (P < 0.05), confirming that the present invention can effectively inhibit the production of deformed fruits; and the deformed fruit rate of Example 5 group was significantly lower than that of Example 6 group (P < 0.05), indicating that the method of Example 5 can better form normal fruits.

[0119] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the fruit shape index, single fruit weight, and single fruit weight growth rate of Example 5 and Example 6 groups were higher, which were better than the other two groups (P < 0.05), confirming that the present invention can effectively promote the growth of pineapples; and the fruit shape index, single fruit weight, and single fruit weight growth rate of Example 5 group were significantly greater than those of Example 6 group (P < 0.05), indicating that the method of Example 5 can better promote the growth of pineapples.

[0120] like Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5As shown, the soluble solids, soluble solids growth rate, soluble sugar content, and sugar-acid ratio of Example 5 and Example 6 groups were high, and the titratable acid content was low, which were better than the other two groups (P < 0.05), confirming that the present invention can effectively improve the quality of pineapples; and the soluble solids, soluble solids growth rate, soluble sugar content, and sugar-acid ratio of Example 5 group were significantly higher than those of Example 6 group (P < 0.05), and the titratable acid content of Example 5 group was significantly lower than that of Example 6 group (P < 0.05), indicating that the method of Example 5 is more effective in improving the quality of pineapples.

[0121] like Figure 5 As shown, the vitamin C content of Example 5 group was the highest, but there was no significant difference in vitamin C content among the groups (P>0.05).

[0122] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for reducing the occurrence of malformed fruit due to the agenesis of pineapple fruit, characterized in that: include: Regulate nutrition before flowering, optimize the microenvironment during the flowering period, strengthen management during the young fruit period, and comprehensively control pests and diseases; Among them, the operation of regulating nutrition before flowering includes: using a drip irrigation system to supply water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer from the seedling stage to the flowering stage to maintain the soil EC value ≤ 0.3; the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer is 1:1.1-1.3:1.4-1.6; Optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period includes: inducing flowering on cloudy days or in the evening with a temperature of 18-25°C and a humidity of 60-75%; after inflorescence development, irrigating the heart with a mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid; Strengthening management during the young fruit stage includes: spraying the leaves with a mixed aqueous solution of calcium glycoside and potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the young fruit stage; Integrated pest and disease control measures include covering the fruit with breathable insect-proof fruit bags 20 days after flowering and releasing natural enemies to control the pest population.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the process of comprehensive pest control, the natural enemies are lacewings and / or ladybugs, and the release rate is 18-22 per m 2 .

3. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the intensified management of young fruits, in the mixed aqueous solution of calcium saccharide and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the mass fraction of calcium saccharide is 0.2-0.4%, and the mass fraction of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.15-0.25%.

4. The control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spraying frequency of the mixed aqueous solution of calcium dextrose and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is once a week.

5. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the process of optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period, a drip irrigation system is used to supply zinc-containing nutrient solution from the time of flowering to the time of inflorescence development and formation.

6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the zinc-containing nutrient solution, the mass percentage of zinc element is 0.1-0.14%.

7. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the process of optimizing the microenvironment during the flowering period, the mixture of ethephon and gibberellic acid is prepared by diluting gibberellic acid 1500 times and then mixing it with ethephon at a volume ratio of 3:1; the heart injection dosage is 180-220 mL / plant.

8. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the process of regulating nutrition before flowering, medium and trace element fertilizers are also sprayed on the leaves; in the medium and trace element fertilizers, the mass percentage of boron is 0.15-0.25%, and the mass percentage of zinc is 0.08-0.12%.

9. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-dispersible slow-release fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: adding gibberellic acid and an active agent to water and stirring for 10-20 minutes, homogenizing under high pressure of 20-30 MPa to form a microemulsion, adjusting the pH value of the system to 4-5, adding chitosan and stirring for 10-30 minutes, adjusting the pH value of the system to 6-7, adding hyaluronic acid and continuing to stir for 1-2 hours, adding glutaraldehyde and continuing to stir for 5-12 minutes, letting it stand for 1-2 hours, filtering, washing, spray drying, adding stabilizing urea, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, coenzyme, trace elements and water and stirring evenly.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The stabilized urea is prepared by the following steps: dopamine hydrochloride, dicyandiamide, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and water are evenly mixed, the pH value of the system is adjusted to 8.5-9.2, the mixture is evenly sprayed on the surface of urea in a fluidized state, and vacuum dried.

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