Cutting device and method assisted by combination of heat pipe and laser cooling and heating

Abstract

The invention discloses a heat pipe and laser cooling and heating combined auxiliary cutting device and method. A laser device is arranged on a three-degree-of-freedom clamp and used for heating a workpiece through laser; the cutter is arranged on the three-degree-of-freedom clamp, and a heat pipe device is integrated in the cutter to reduce the temperature of the cutter; the non-contact temperature measuring device is used for acquiring the temperature of the cutting position of the workpiece; the control device correspondingly adjusts parameters of the laser device according to the temperature measured by the non-contact temperature measuring device so that the cutting position can reach the optimal temperature field. A heat pipe-laser cooling and heating combined auxiliary technology is used, the local area of a workpiece is heated through laser, the yield strength of a material is reduced, then the cutting force is reduced, and generation of sawtooth-shaped cuttings is effectively restrained. Meanwhile, the cutter is cooled through the heat pipe, and the temperature field is accurately controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of cutting technology, and in particular to a cutting device and method using a heat pipe and laser combined cooling and heating to assist. Background Art

[0002] In laser heat-assisted cutting (LAMT), a laser device focuses a high-power laser beam onto the surface of the workpiece to be cut. This heats the workpiece to a high temperature within a very short time before the material is removed, thereby altering the material's cutting properties. This localized heating of a tiny area of ​​the material not only enhances its plasticity but also reduces its yield strength, thereby reducing cutting forces and effectively suppressing the formation of jagged chips.

[0003] The inventors discovered that while laser heating-assisted cutting technology has certain advantages, high tool temperatures during cutting significantly increase tool wear (particularly adhesive and diffusion wear), reducing tool life and increasing production costs. Tool wear also affects cutting deformation, reducing machined surface quality. Furthermore, excessively high tool temperatures force a reduction in cutting speed and feed rate, impacting machining efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a cutting device and method that utilizes a combination of heat pipe and laser heating and cooling. Laser heating of a localized area of ​​the workpiece reduces the material's yield strength, thereby reducing cutting forces. Simultaneously, the heat pipe cools the tool, precisely controlling the temperature field and ensuring tool life. The resulting workpiece cooling can be optimized by adjusting parameters. Combined, these two approaches achieve alternating heating and cooling, significantly improving cutting efficiency and making them particularly suitable for difficult-to-cut materials.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, a cutting device using a heat pipe and laser combined cooling and heating assistance comprises:

[0007] A three-degree-of-freedom fixture equipped with a laser device for heating the workpiece by laser;

[0008] The tool is mounted on a three-degree-of-freedom fixture and has a heat pipe device integrated into the tool to reduce the tool temperature;

[0009] Non-contact temperature measuring device, used to obtain the temperature of the workpiece cutting position;

[0010] The control device adjusts the parameters of the laser device accordingly according to the temperature measured by the non-contact temperature measuring device so that the cutting position reaches the optimal temperature field.

[0011] As a further implementation, the tool is mounted on a dynamometer, and the dynamometer is mounted on a three-degree-of-freedom fixture.

[0012] As a further implementation, the laser device includes a laser and a focusing head, the laser is connected to the focusing head via a wire, and the focusing head is mounted on a three-degree-of-freedom fixture.

[0013] As a further implementation method, it also includes a CNC lathe workbench, on which a three-jaw chuck is provided for fixing the workpiece.

[0014] As a further implementation method, it also includes a center, which is arranged at the end of the workpiece away from the three-jaw chuck, and the center is used to tighten the center of the end of the workpiece away from the three-jaw chuck.

[0015] As a further implementation, the non-contact temperature measurement device is an infrared thermal imager.

[0016] As a further implementation, the control device is connected to a laser device and a non-contact temperature measuring device.

[0017] As a further implementation method, the heat pipe is an embedded heat pipe, which is arranged at the cutting position at the front end of the tool.

[0018] As a further implementation, the cooling medium in the heat pipe is water.

[0019] In a second aspect, a cutting method using a heat pipe and laser combined cooling and heating assistance is provided, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0020] Fix the workpiece and adjust the position of the laser device, heat pipe and non-contact temperature measuring device according to the position of the workpiece; adjust the focal length and viewing angle of the non-contact temperature measuring device to ensure that it can accurately measure the temperature of the cutting area; initialize the system and load the preset processing parameters through the control device, use laser preheating to make the temperature of the cutting area of ​​the workpiece meet the processing requirements, use the non-contact temperature measuring device to monitor the temperature of the cutting area in real time, and adjust the working status of the laser and heat pipe to control the laser and heat pipe to achieve the optimal temperature field.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. The present invention uses a heat pipe-laser combined hot and cold assisted technology to heat a local area of ​​the workpiece through laser, thereby improving the plasticity of the material and reducing the yield strength of the material, thereby reducing the cutting force and effectively suppressing the generation of zigzag chips. At the same time, the tool is cooled by the heat pipe, and the temperature field is precisely controlled to effectively ensure the service life of the tool. The possible cooling of the workpiece can be optimized by adjusting the parameters. After combining the two methods, the alternating hot and cold effects significantly improve the cutting efficiency, which is particularly suitable for difficult-to-process materials.

[0023] 2. The three-degree-of-freedom fixture of the present invention is connected to the tool and the dynamometer, and the tool and the dynamometer are connected and fixed, so that the laser can move along with the movement of the tool when the tool is cutting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a cutting device assisted by a heat pipe and laser heating and cooling in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-degree-of-freedom fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the tool in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: the distances or sizes between parts are exaggerated to show the positions of various parts, and the schematic diagram is for reference only.

[0029] Among them: 1. CNC lathe worktable, 2. three-jaw chuck, 3. three-degree-of-freedom fixture, 4. workpiece, 5. focusing head, 7. wire, 8. non-contact temperature measuring device, 9. laser, 10. control device, 11. center, 12. heat pipe, 13. tool, 14. dynamometer; 131. blade, 15. embedding hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, a cutting device assisted by heat pipe and laser heating and cooling includes a CNC lathe workbench 1, a three-degree-of-freedom fixture 3, a non-contact temperature measuring device 8, a laser device and a control device 10.

[0033] like Figure 1As shown, a three-jaw chuck 2 is mounted on a CNC lathe worktable 1, securing one end of a workpiece. A centering tool 11 is also included. This tool is positioned at the end of the workpiece 4 away from the chuck 2. Centering tool 11 is used to press against the center of the workpiece 4 away from the chuck 2, securing the workpiece center and absorbing the cutting force of the tool during cutting. The chuck 2 can rotate the workpiece, and centering tool 11 maintains stable rotation of the workpiece 4.

[0034] The 3DOF fixture 3 is mounted on one side of the workpiece 4. A laser device is provided on the fixture 3 for heating the workpiece by laser. The fixture 3 is also provided with a tool 13, which has a heat pipe device integrated therein to reduce the tool temperature.

[0035] The non-contact temperature measuring device 8 is provided on one side of the workpiece to obtain the temperature of the workpiece cutting position. The non-contact temperature measuring device can be mounted on an adjustable bracket to adjust the position of the non-contact temperature measuring device 8. The adjustable bracket is prior art.

[0036] The laser device includes a laser 9 and a focusing head 5. The laser 9 is connected to the focusing head 5 through a wire. The focusing head is installed on a three-degree-of-freedom fixture through a focusing head adjustment device. The focusing head adjustment device is used to fix the laser head and can adjust the laser incident direction of the focusing head and the diameter of the light spot incident on the workpiece surface.

[0037] The tool is mounted on a dynamometer, which is mounted on a three-degree-of-freedom fixture. The three-degree-of-freedom fixture 3 allows the tool and the focusing head 5 to move freely in the x, y, and z directions, and the tool 13 and the focusing head 5 can move synchronously.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the three-degree-of-freedom fixture 3 is an existing structure, and the structure thereon can realize free movement in the three directions of x, y, and z.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, a heat pipe 12 device is integrated into the tool. The heat pipe 12 is an embedded heat pipe and is located at the cutting position at the front end of the tool to cool the tool after cutting, thereby achieving an accurate temperature field between the workpiece and the tool. The cooling medium in the heat pipe is water. The heat pipe is arranged in the embedded hole 15 at the front end of the tool. The embedded hole 15 can be made in advance according to the size of the heat pipe. The heat pipe can be directly inserted into the embedded hole 15 at the front end of the tool and fixed. Specifically, as Figure 3 As shown, a blade 131 is fixed at the front end of the tool 13, and the embedding hole 15 is located on one side of the blade and is arranged close to the blade, so that the heat pipe can cool the blade, and the blade can be fixed on the tool through a locking structure.

[0040] In a preferred example, the non-contact temperature measuring device uses an infrared thermal imager 8 to collect the temperature of the cutting position when the workpiece 4 is cut.

[0041] The control device 10 is connected to the laser 9 and the non-contact temperature measuring device 8 through wires, and is used to monitor the temperature of the cutting area in real time and control the laser and heat pipe to achieve the optimal temperature field.

[0042] The present invention combines heat pipes with laser heating and cooling assistance. After laser heating of the workpiece, the temperature of the tool increases after cutting. The tool's internal heat pipe structure directly reduces the tool's temperature. This allows for precise control of both workpiece temperature rise and tool temperature drop, achieving precise temperature field control. Cutting in this environment can extend tool life, increase cutting efficiency, and improve surface quality.

[0043] It is understandable that the establishment of the database of the optimal temperatures reached by the heat pipe and the laser described in the present invention is selected and optimized based on the results of the finite element model, and the prepared database is stored in the control device 10 in advance for use. Specifically, a model is established according to the actual workpiece size, and the model is meshed to ensure calculation accuracy. When the laser device 9 is turned on, the focusing head 6 mounted on the three-degree-of-freedom fixture 3 is aligned with the workpiece 4. After the workpiece 4 is heated, the heat pipe 12 on the tool 13 is then heated by the laser 5, and the tool 13 is cooled. The two characteristics of the heat pipe and the laser combined hot and cold assisted cutting are combined to achieve the optimal temperature field between the workpiece and the tool. In order to perform multiple confirmations, it is necessary to obtain corresponding data obtained by different laser parameters, and these data also need to be stored in the control device 10 in advance.

[0044] Among them, various data can be obtained through finite element simulation of the temperature field, such as: laser movement speed, laser power, etc. The accuracy of these data can be verified by the temperature field when the infrared thermal imager irradiates the laser to heat the workpiece 4 area.

[0045] The control device 10 obtains the workpiece cutting temperature data measured by the non-contact temperature measurement device 8 and compares it with the optimal temperature field data stored internally by the control device. If there is a difference, the corresponding laser 9 parameters are controlled to achieve the optimal temperature field. During the cutting process, the tool temperature rises, which is quickly cooled by the heat pipe, reducing the tool temperature and extending the tool life.

[0046] An infrared thermal imager was selected from a variety of non-contact temperature measurement devices 8. This infrared thermal imager 8 can easily achieve real-time temperature measurement for heat pipe and laser combined hot and cold assisted cutting. It features non-contact, high sensitivity, and a wide temperature measurement range. Furthermore, nearly all materials (whether metal or non-metal) generate infrared radiation under certain conditions. Furthermore, the infrared thermal imager 8 can precisely control temperature, reducing energy waste and cooling medium usage.

[0047] Heat pipe 12 uses water as a cooling medium, primarily acting on tool 13 to cool the cutting surface. After laser-assisted heating of the workpiece, tool 13 is directly cooled to ensure an optimal temperature field is formed between tool 13 and the workpiece. This cooling process also has some cooling effect on the workpiece. Subsequently, a non-contact temperature measurement device can be used to compare data stored in the control device to adjust laser parameters in real time.

[0048] The conductor 7 between the laser 9 and the focusing head 5 is made of optical fiber, which has the characteristics of high energy transmission and beam quality, good heat dissipation performance, low maintenance cost and high stability.

[0049] The dynamometer 14 is equipped with a tool 13 , and the dynamometer 14 and the tool 13 are detachably connected, and the connection and detachment method is generally to use bolt connection and detachment, so that the tool 13 can be detached after being worn.

[0050] The present invention connects the dynamometer 14 to the three-degree-of-freedom fixture 3, ensuring that the tool on the dynamometer 14 is aligned with the cutting area and moves freely as the workpiece is cut. The dynamometer measures cutting force, the force that deforms the material being processed into chips. Cutting force is crucial for determining optimal cutting parameters and optimizing tool geometry. It is also a crucial parameter for real-time monitoring of the cutting process and tool operating status.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] A cutting method using a heat pipe and laser combined cooling and heating assistance comprises the following steps:

[0053] (1) The workpiece 4 is mounted and fixed between the top 11 and the three-jaw chuck 2;

[0054] (2) Adjust the relative positions of the laser focusing head 5, the tool 13 and the infrared thermal imager 8 so that they are aligned with the areas where they need to work.

[0055] (3) Aim the non-contact temperature measuring device, the infrared thermal imager 8, at the area to be cut. Adjust the focus and viewing angle of the infrared thermal imager, and record and transmit the collected temperature data to the control device 10.

[0056] (4) The control device 10 is used to initialize the system and load the preset processing parameters. The temperature of the cutting area of ​​the workpiece 4 is adjusted to the processing requirements by laser preheating. The temperature of the cutting area is monitored in real time by the infrared thermal imager 8, a non-contact temperature measuring device. The control device 10 obtains the workpiece cutting temperature data measured by the non-contact temperature measuring device 8 and compares it with the data of the optimal temperature field stored in the control device. If there is a difference, the parameters of the corresponding laser 9 are controlled to achieve the optimal temperature field. During the process, the working state of the laser focusing head 6 and the heat pipe 12 is adjusted to control the temperature field between the tool and the workpiece, so as to achieve precise control and achieve the optimal temperature field.

[0057] The processing parameters include laser parameters and cutting parameters. The laser parameters include laser movement speed and laser power, and the cutting parameters include cutting speed and cutting depth.

[0058] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cutting device assisted by heat pipe and laser heating and cooling, characterized in that: include: A three-degree-of-freedom fixture equipped with a laser device for heating the workpiece by laser; The tool is mounted on a three-degree-of-freedom fixture and has a heat pipe device integrated into the tool to reduce the tool temperature; Non-contact temperature measuring device, used to obtain the temperature of the workpiece cutting position; The control device adjusts the parameters of the laser device accordingly according to the temperature measured by the non-contact temperature measuring device so that the cutting position reaches the optimal temperature field.

2. The heat pipe and laser hot and cold combined assisted cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool is mounted on a dynamometer, and the dynamometer is mounted on a three-degree-of-freedom fixture.

3. The heat pipe and laser hot and cold combined assisted cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser device comprises a laser and a focusing head. The laser is connected to the focusing head via a wire, and the focusing head is installed on a three-degree-of-freedom fixture.

4. The heat pipe and laser hot and cold combined assisted cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The utility model also comprises a CNC lathe workbench, which is provided with a three-jaw chuck for fixing a workpiece.

5. The heat pipe and laser hot and cold combined assisted cutting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a top, which is arranged at the end of the workpiece away from the three-jaw chuck, and the top is used to tighten the center of the end of the workpiece away from the three-jaw chuck.

6. The heat pipe and laser hot and cold combined assisted cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-contact temperature measuring device is an infrared thermal imager.

7. The heat pipe and laser hot and cold combined assisted cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control device is connected to the laser device and the non-contact temperature measuring device.

8. The heat pipe and laser hot and cold combined assisted cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat pipe is an embedded heat pipe and is arranged at the cutting position at the front end of the tool.

9. The heat pipe and laser hot and cold combined assisted cutting device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cooling medium in the heat pipe is water.

10. A heat pipe and laser hot and cold combined assisted cutting method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Fix the workpiece and adjust the position of the laser device, heat pipe and non-contact temperature measuring device according to the position of the workpiece; adjust the focal length and viewing angle of the non-contact temperature measuring device to ensure that it can accurately measure the temperature of the cutting area; initialize the system and load the preset processing parameters through the control device, use laser preheating to make the temperature of the cutting area of ​​the workpiece meet the processing requirements, use the non-contact temperature measuring device to monitor the temperature of the cutting area in real time, and adjust the working status of the laser and heat pipe to control the laser and heat pipe to achieve the optimal temperature field.

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