All-solid-state snapshot full-Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device

Abstract

The invention discloses an all-solid-state snapshot full-Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device. The all-solid-state snapshot full-Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device comprises a micro-lens array module, a liquid crystal phase modulation module, a polarization wire grating array module and an image sensor module. The micro lens array module is composed of a plurality of micro lenses which are arranged in a two-dimensional mode, and incident light is focused on the photodiode of each pixel. The liquid crystal phase modulation module is composed of two high-speed liquid crystal variable phase delayers, and active phase modulation is carried out on the polarization state of incident light. Polarized light information in four polarization directions can be obtained only through single shooting in the polarization wire grating array module. The image sensor module calculates the full Stokes parametric polarization characteristics of the incident light. According to the invention, full-polarization information measurement of incident light can be realized only through single exposure, and a polarization enhancement mode is switched after measurement is completed, so that the imaging efficiency of the sensor in dark light scenes such as weak contrast target detection is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of full polarization detection imaging, and in particular relates to an all-solid-state, snapshot-type full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device. Background Art

[0002] Stokes parameters can fully describe the polarization state of light, and their measurement is an important research direction in the field of optics. Since the 1970s, different measurement methods and technologies have been developed to adapt to various application scenarios from weak light signal detection to real-time polarization analysis. , , , The measurement of polarization is of great significance in optical material characterization, biomedical imaging and diagnosis, remote sensing and environmental monitoring, nano-optics, and subwavelength structural analysis. Thanks to the rapid development of imaging technology, it is now possible to measure not only all Stokes parameters but also polarization imaging. Compared to traditional intensity images, polarization information provides additional scene information and improves target contrast, making it crucial in applications such as the detection and identification of low-contrast targets.

[0003] Traditional full-Stokes parametric polarization imaging typically requires moving parts or a segmented imaging system, which can result in reduced temporal or spatial resolution. All-solid-state, snapshot-based full-Stokes parametric measurement and imaging technology provides a method for acquiring complete polarization information of a scene in a single shot, greatly improving measurement efficiency and dynamic range. By eliminating moving parts, this technology provides a more stable system and can be applied in a more portable manner in airborne and aerospace applications.

[0004] The paper (Shaochun Xie, Haiyan Luo, Xiong Wei, et al. "Design and verification of fast-rotating polarization imaging system in dynamic scenes," Proc. SPIE 12963, AOPC 2023) designed a time-sharing polarization imaging system based on a rotating polarizer. The polarizer was placed on a rapidly rotating hollow turntable, and a camera was used to capture images as the polarizer rotated, thereby increasing the polarization imaging frame rate of the rotating polarizer time-sharing imaging system. However, polarization measurements in this imaging system are affected by polarization effects from the lens, polarizer, and CMOS camera, resulting in errors between the measured information and the actual polarization information of the target scene. The polarization imaging rate is limited by the mechanical rotation mechanism, and only the linear polarization information of the incident light can be measured, failing to obtain full Stokes parameter information.

[0005] The paper (Yang Wei. Research on Dual-Camera Polarization Imaging Technology Based on Stokes Vectors [D]. Changchun University of Science and Technology, 2021) proposes a dual-camera polarization imaging system design. The core components of the system are two LCVRs, a polarization beam splitter, and two CMOS cameras. To measure the full Stokes parameter information of the incident light, six sets of voltage information are sent to the two LCVRs in sequence to obtain the corresponding six phase delay combinations. Finally, the two CMOS cameras capture two orthogonal images to calculate the incident polarization information. This measurement method takes a long time to complete the full polarization measurement of the incident light and has poor temporal resolution. It is only suitable for polarization imaging of static targets and is not suitable for dynamic scenarios such as airborne and aerospace applications.

[0006] Patent CN119676547A proposes a full-Stokes camera system based on fractional-aperture polarization imaging. The polarization filter system uses a combination of a 50% grayscale filter, a 0° linear polarizer, a 45° linear polarizer, and a right-handed circular polarization filter. By performing calculations on each frame of four sets of images or videos, the Stokes vector corresponding to each image point is obtained, completing a polarization imaging process. This polarization camera adapts to varying image acquisition requirements by replacing filters with different polarization characteristics. However, in practice, the speed and type of filter replacement are limited by the mechanical mechanism, making it unsuitable for scenarios such as low-contrast target detection.

[0007] In summary, the current full-polarization measurement sensors have problems such as rate limitation by mechanical rotation devices, low measurement accuracy for dynamic targets and inability to obtain full Stokes parameters, low integration, and low imaging efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an all-solid-state, snapshot-type full-Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device. This device, devoid of mechanical moving parts, actively modulates the phase of a liquid crystal variable phase retarder by varying the control voltage, acquiring complete polarization information about the scene in a single shot. This also improves imaging efficiency in scenarios such as low-contrast target detection.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an all-solid-state, snapshot-type full-Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device, the device comprising:

[0010] A microlens array module, which consists of a two-dimensional arrangement of multiple pixel-sized microlens units and is used to focus incident light onto the image sensor module;

[0011] Liquid crystal phase modulation module, consisting of high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarders LCVR1 and LCVR2, is used to actively phase modulate the incident polarization information and switch the sensor to polarization-enhanced imaging mode after completing the polarization measurement;

[0012] The polarization wire grid array module consists of a two-dimensional array of multiple polarization wire grid superpixels, which is used to encode and sample the incident polarization information. Each polarization wire grid superpixel acts as a calculation unit to sample the polarization information of the return light energy in the target area to be measured in four polarization directions.

[0013] The image sensor module is used for photoelectric conversion and signal processing, and calculates the original polarization parameter information of the incident light by reading the electrical signal of each pixel.

[0014] Furthermore, the size, area, array period, and focal length of the microlens units in the microlens array module match the pixel size of the image sensor module. The size, arrangement, and shape of the microlens array module are optimized to reduce light interference between adjacent pixels on the image sensor, ensuring that light is accurately projected onto the corresponding pixel area in the image sensor.

[0015] Furthermore, the shape of the microlens units in the microlens array module uses a plano-convex spherical lens for scenes with low requirements on aberration; or uses an aspherical lens to correct the aberration of the microlens.

[0016] Furthermore, the liquid crystal phase modulation module is placed between the microlens array module and the polarization wire grid array module; wherein LCVR1 is a high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder with an area the same as the size of the image sensor module, and LCVR2 is a two-dimensional high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder LCOPA with an area the same as the size of the image sensor module.

[0017] Furthermore, the working areas of the high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarders LCVR1 and LCVR2 are divided into multiple area units of a size equal to the pixel size of the image sensor according to the loaded phase delay amount, and adjacent 2×2 area units are used as a liquid crystal phase modulation unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the microlens units in the microlens array module correspond one-to-one to the sub-regions of the phase modulation unit of the high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder in the liquid crystal phase modulation module.

[0019] Furthermore, the liquid crystal fast axis direction of LCVR1 is 0°, and the phase delay of region 1, region 2, region 3, and region 4 of LCVR1 is set to 0 or 2. The fast axis direction of LCVR2 is set to 45°, and the phase delay of area 1, area 2, and area 3 of LCVR2 is set to 0 or 2. , the phase delay of region 4 is set to .

[0020] Furthermore, the control voltage of each regional unit of the two high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarders is adjusted according to the incident polarization information measured by the imaging intensification sensor, so that the imaging intensification sensor is converted from the polarization measurement mode to the polarization imaging enhancement mode.

[0021] Furthermore, the polarization wire grid array module is placed between the liquid crystal phase modulation module and the image sensor module; each superpixel in the polarization wire grid array is composed of four 2×2 polarization wire grid areas of the same area and different angles, and each polarization wire grid area only allows linear polarization in a specific direction to pass through.

[0022] Furthermore, areas 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the phase modulation unit of the high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder in the liquid crystal phase modulation module are precisely aligned with areas 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the polarization wire grid superpixel in the polarization wire grid array module, respectively.

[0023] Furthermore, the wire grid structure in the polarization wire grid superpixel is composed of periodically arranged metal wires. The period, duty cycle, and line width of the metal wire grid are optimized to improve the extinction ratio. Metal or deep trench isolation (DTI) can be installed between the polarizers in the polarization wire grid array module to suppress light leakage from adjacent polarization channels.

[0024] Furthermore, each polarizer in the polarization wire grid array module can be made of aluminum / tungsten nanowires to achieve a high extinction ratio. When measuring polarization at large incident angles, the polarizer tilt angle is adjusted to maintain the extinction ratio.

[0025] Furthermore, the image sensor module is placed at the focal plane of the microlens array module, and adjacent 2×2 pixels in the image sensor module are used as a calculation pixel, and each calculation pixel corresponds to a polarization wire grid superpixel, a liquid crystal phase modulation unit and a group of 2×2 microlens units.

[0026] Furthermore, the polarization wire grid regions of the polarization wire grid superpixels in the polarization wire grid array module are precisely aligned with the pixel units in the image sensor module.

[0027] Furthermore, the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device can also achieve full polarization measurement of the Stokes vector using a single exposure of the split focal plane method of two adjacent superpixels.

[0028] Traditional full-Stokes parametric polarization imaging usually requires moving parts or a split imaging system, which leads to a reduction in temporal or spatial resolution. When testing the polarization information of the target, it is limited by the inherent polarization filtering of the wire-grid polarization layer, and 50% of the light cannot be used. This makes it unsuitable for the field of polarization detection and imaging of weak-contrast targets.

[0029] Different from traditional linear polarization measurement and imaging sensors, the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor of the present invention provides a method for obtaining complete polarization information of a scene in a single shot, greatly improving measurement efficiency and dynamic range. It replaces traditional mechanical rotating parts with electrically controlled phase modulation, and there are no moving parts inside, effectively avoiding the problems of decreased temporal resolution and low imaging light utilization, making the system more stable and having higher measurement frequency, solving the problems of mechanical delay and resolution loss in traditional time-sharing polarization systems, and can be applied to airborne and aerospace fields in a more lightweight way.

[0030] The all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) The double-layer high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder can actively phase modulate the incident polarization information, realize all-solid-state measurement without mechanical rotation device and obtain the full polarization characteristic parameters of the incident light.

[0032] (2) After completing the measurement, the double-layer high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder can actively phase modulate the incident polarization information to improve the efficiency of polarization imaging, which is suitable for the field of weak contrast target detection and recognition.

[0033] (3) The microlens array module is placed above the polarization wire grid module to reduce the crosstalk caused by the polarization information incorrectly detected by adjacent pixels when light is incident at an oblique angle.

[0034] (4) Ray tracing analysis is used to set different pixel sizes for each layer of the sensor. Combined with high-precision processing and assembly, high-precision alignment is achieved, which enables high-precision Stokes parameter full polarization measurement at large angles of incidence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 Shown is a schematic diagram of a single pixel structure of the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a phase modulation unit of a double-layer high-speed liquid crystal phase variable retarder of a liquid crystal phase modulation module of the present invention is shown;

[0039] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a phase modulation unit of another double-layer high-speed liquid crystal phase variable retarder of the liquid crystal phase modulation module of the present invention is shown;

[0040] Figure 5 FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the polarization wire grid region of a single superpixel in the polarization wire grid array module of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing another polarization wire grid area configuration of a single superpixel in the polarization wire grid array module of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 Shown is a schematic diagram of the incident light full polarization measurement and polarization enhanced imaging of the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, preferred embodiments of the present invention are given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific implementation examples described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0044] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention discloses an all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device, which is composed of a microlens array module 1, a liquid crystal phase modulation module 2, a polarization wire grid module 3, and an image sensor module 4. The microlens array module 1 is used to focus the incident light beam and form an image. It is located at the top layer of the sensor and can focus the incident light onto the photodiode of each pixel in the image sensor module 4, reducing light scattering loss and improving photoelectric conversion efficiency. The liquid crystal phase modulation module 2 is located in the layer below the microlens array module and is composed of a first high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder 21 and a second high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder 22. The liquid crystal phase modulation module 2 actively phase modulates the polarization information of the incident light after being focused by the microlens array module 1, completing multiple phase adjustments of the incident polarization information within a single exposure time. The polarizers in different directions in the polarization wire grid module 3 respectively encode and sample the incident polarization information after phase adjustment to obtain multi-directional polarization data. The module is located in the layer below the liquid crystal phase modulation module. The photodiode of each pixel in image sensor module 4 converts the incident polarized light signal processed by polarization wire grid module 3 into an electrical signal, recording the intensity distribution of the incident polarized light. Located below the polarization wire grid array module, the sensor of the present invention consists of multiple photodiodes arranged in two dimensions. Unlike conventional full-Stokes parametric polarization imaging sensors, the sensor has no mechanical moving parts and can measure the full Stokes parametric polarization of the incident signal in a single exposure, effectively avoiding the slow speed, low efficiency, and poor accuracy associated with full-polarization imaging technology.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, each microlens unit 11 in the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device provided by the present invention corresponds to the two-layer region units 211 and 221 in the liquid crystal phase modulation module, the wire grid region unit 311 in the polarization wire grid module, and each pixel unit 411 in the image sensor module. The microlens unit 11 focuses the incident light, which, after passing through the liquid crystal phase modulation region units 221 and 211 and the polarization wire grid region unit 311, is ultimately focused onto the pixel 411 of the image sensor module.

[0046] The shape of the microlens unit 11 can be a plano-convex spherical lens, which can realize the light beam focusing function and is easy to process; the size of the microlens unit 11 needs to be consistent with the size of the image sensor pixel 411 to avoid the light spot overflowing to the adjacent pixels; the array period of the microlens unit 11 needs to match the target wavelength and focal length to avoid high-order diffraction interference; the arrangement of the microlens unit 11 can be a dense hexagonal arrangement to maximize the fill factor and reduce light energy loss; it can also be a rectangular arrangement to simplify the manufacturing process; the microlens unit 11 should be made of isotropic materials to avoid additional polarization modulation interference.

[0047] An embodiment of the liquid crystal phase modulation module 2 of the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention is as follows Figure 3 As shown, it consists of a first high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder LCVR1 and a second high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder LCVR2. For the incident polarization signal, it is focused by the microlens array module and reaches the liquid crystal phase modulation module. Each liquid crystal phase modulation unit 23 in the liquid crystal variable phase retarder is divided into 2×2 areas, and each area 231 corresponds to the microlens unit 11 arranged in the upper array, and together with the polarization wire grid area 311 in the lower polarization wire grid super pixel, it forms a polarization measurement imaging unit. LCVR1 is a liquid crystal fast axis direction The area of ​​the liquid crystal variable phase retarder with a 0° angle equal to the size of the image sensor target surface can be adjusted by actively regulating the loading voltage of LCVR1 to adjust the phase delay of each area of ​​LCVR1. Set to 0 or , where i takes values ​​of 1, 2, 3, and 4, representing regions 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. LCVR2 is a liquid crystal fast axis direction The two-dimensional liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA) with a 45° angle can actively adjust the loading voltage of LCVR2 to adjust the phase delay of area 1, area 2, and area 3 in LCVR2. 、 and Can be set to 0 or , the phase delay of region 4 in LCVR2 Set to The phase delay is set to 0 or , which can be selected according to the actual phase modulation depth of the liquid crystal variable phase retarder.

[0048] Another embodiment of the liquid crystal phase modulation module 2 of the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention is as follows Figure 4 As shown, it is composed of a liquid crystal variable phase retarder LCVR1 and a liquid crystal variable phase retarder LCVR2. Each liquid crystal phase modulation unit 24 in the liquid crystal variable phase retarder is divided into 1×2 areas. Each area 241 corresponds to the 2×2 microlens units arranged in the upper array, and corresponds one-to-one with the polarization line grid super pixel 31 in the lower layer. The size of each area is equivalent to the size of the 2×2 sub-pixels in the polarization line grid super pixel, and together they form a polarization measurement imaging unit. LCVR1 is a liquid crystal fast axis direction The area of ​​the liquid crystal variable phase retarder with a 0° angle equal to the size of the image sensor target surface can be adjusted by actively regulating the loading voltage of LCVR1 to adjust the phase delay of each area of ​​LCVR1. and Set to 0 or LCVR2 is a liquid crystal fast axis direction The one-dimensional liquid crystal optical phased array (LCOPA) with a 45° angle can adjust the phase delay of area 1 in LCVR2 by actively adjusting the loading voltage of LCVR2. Set to 0 or , the phase delay of region 2 in LCVR2 Set to The phase delay is set to 0 or , which can be selected according to the actual phase modulation depth of the liquid crystal variable phase retarder.

[0049] An embodiment of the polarization wire grid module 3 of the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it is composed of a plurality of polarization wire grid super pixels arranged in two dimensions. Each polarization wire grid super pixel 31 is composed of 2×2 polarization wire grid regions 311. The polarizer directions corresponding to the four polarization wire grid regions are The polarization wire grid array module can obtain polarization information of four different polarization directions after a single shot. In the first 0° and 60° and 120° polarization wire grid areas, the phase delays generated by LCVR1 and LCVR2 are set to 0 or In the fourth 0° polarization wire grid area, the phase delay of LCVR1 is 0 or , the phase delay of LCVR2 is .

[0050] Another embodiment of the polarization wire grid module 3 of the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, each polarization wire grid super pixel 31 is composed of 2×2 polarization wire grid areas 311, and the polarizer directions corresponding to the four polarization wire grid areas are The phase delays generated by LCVR1 and LCVR2 are set to 0 or 135 degrees respectively. In the fourth 135° polarization wire grid area, the phase delay of LCVR1 is 0 or , the phase delay of LCVR2 is .

[0051] like Figure 7As shown, the image sensor module of the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention includes a two-dimensional array of photodiode pixel units 411, with each adjacent 2×2 pixel 411 as a calculation super-pixel 41. The incident polarization signal passes through the microlens array module 1, the liquid crystal phase modulation module 2, and the polarization wire grid module 3 and is focused onto four different photodiode pixel units 411 in the super-pixel of the image sensor module 4. Through the association between polarizers in different directions and the light intensity data measured by the image sensor, the polarization information such as the azimuth angle, ellipticity, and Stokes parameters of the incident polarization is calculated. At this time, the light intensities received by sub-pixel 1, sub-pixel 2, sub-pixel 3, and sub-pixel 4 in each super-pixel of the image sensor are recorded as follows: 、 , if the Stokes parameter of the incident polarization is , then the two satisfy the following relationship:

[0052]

[0053]

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] Among them, sub-pixel 1, sub-pixel 2, and sub-pixel 3 are responsible for measuring and calculating the incident polarization. 、 、 Linear polarization component information, sub-pixel 4 is responsible for measuring and calculating the incident polarization The image sensor can measure the full polarization Stokes parameter information in the incident light with only one exposure.

[0057] like Figure 7 As shown, the all-solid-state, snapshot-type Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention, after completing the polarization measurement of the incident light, loads the appropriate voltage to the liquid crystal variable phase retarders 21 and 22 in the phase modulation module 2 respectively. 、 , the imaging sensor is switched from polarization measurement mode to polarization enhancement imaging mode. If the Stokes parameter of the incident polarization is , then the two satisfy the following relationship:

[0058]

[0059] in, The phase delay of LCVR1 and LCVR2 are respectively. According to the voltage-phase delay curve of LCVR1 and LCVR2, the corresponding loading voltage of LCVR1 and LCVR2 can be obtained. 、 .

[0060] Traditional full-Stokes parametric polarization imaging sensors can only detect the polarization of signals and capture images. Compared to traditional image sensors, due to the inherent polarization filtering of the polarization wire grid layer, 50% of the light energy cannot be utilized, resulting in low imaging efficiency and limiting its application in low-contrast target detection and recognition.

[0061] Different from traditional full-Stokes parameter polarization imaging devices, the all-solid-state, snapshot Stokes parameter measurement and imaging sensor device of the present invention uses double-layer high-speed liquid crystal phase modulation to achieve full Stokes parameter measurement, and switches to polarization enhancement mode after the measurement is completed. It can actively adjust the image acquisition system according to the measured polarization signal to achieve signal enhancement, providing a more effective technical tool for weak-contrast target detection and identification.

[0062] Matters not covered by the present invention are known technologies.

[0063] The above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical concepts and features of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention are intended to be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An all-solid-state, snapshot-type full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device, characterized in that: The device includes: A microlens array module, which consists of a two-dimensional arrangement of multiple pixel-sized microlens units and is used to focus incident light onto the image sensor module; Liquid crystal phase modulation module, consisting of high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarders LCVR1 and LCVR2, is used to actively phase modulate the incident polarization information and switch the sensor to polarization-enhanced imaging mode after completing the polarization measurement; The polarization wire grid array module consists of a two-dimensional array of multiple polarization wire grid superpixels, which is used to encode and sample the incident polarization information. Each polarization wire grid superpixel acts as a calculation unit to sample the polarization information of the return light energy in the target area to be measured in four polarization directions. The image sensor module is used for photoelectric conversion and signal processing, and calculates the original polarization parameter information of the incident light by reading the electrical signal of each pixel.

2. The all-solid-state, snapshot-type full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size, area, array period and lens focal length of the microlens units in the microlens array module are matched with the pixel size in the image sensor module.

3. The all-solid-state, snapshot-type full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the microlens units in the microlens array module uses a plano-convex spherical lens for scenes with low requirements on aberration; or uses an aspherical lens to correct the aberration of the microlens.

4. The all-solid-state, snapshot-type full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid crystal phase modulation module is placed between the microlens array module and the polarization wire grid array module; wherein LCVR1 is a high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder with the same area as the image sensor module, and LCVR2 is a two-dimensional high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarder LCOPA with the same area as the image sensor module.

5. The all-solid-state, snapshot-type full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The working areas of the high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarders LCVR1 and LCVR2 are divided into multiple area units with a size equal to the pixel size of the image sensor, and adjacent 2×2 area units are used as a liquid crystal phase modulation unit.

6. The all-solid-state, snapshot-type full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fast axis direction of the liquid crystal of LCVR1 is 0°, and the phase delay amounts of region 1, region 2, region 3, and region 4 of LCVR1 are set to 0 or 2π; the fast axis direction of the liquid crystal of LCVR2 is set to 45°, and the phase delay amounts of region 1, region 2, and region 3 of LCVR2 are set to 0 or 2π, and the phase delay amount of region 4 is set to π / 2.

7. The all-solid-state, snapshot-type full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The control voltage of each regional unit of the two high-speed liquid crystal variable phase retarders is adjusted according to the incident polarization information measured by the imaging intensification sensor, so that the imaging intensification sensor is converted from the polarization measurement mode to the polarization imaging enhancement mode.

8. The all-solid-state, snapshot-type full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polarization wire grid array module is placed between the liquid crystal phase modulation module and the image sensor module; each superpixel in the polarization wire grid array is composed of four 2×2 polarization wire grid areas of the same area and different angles, and each polarization wire grid area only allows linear polarization in a specific direction to pass through.

9. The all-solid-state, snapshot-type full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The wire grid structure in the polarization wire grid superpixel is composed of periodically arranged metal wires. The period, duty cycle, and line width parameters of the metal wire grid are optimized to improve the extinction ratio.

10. The all-solid-state, snapshot-type full Stokes parameter measurement and imaging enhancement sensor device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The image sensor module is placed at the focal plane of the microlens array module. Adjacent 2×2 pixels in the image sensor module are used as a calculation pixel. Each calculation pixel corresponds to a polarization wire grid superpixel, a liquid crystal phase modulation unit and a group of 2×2 microlens units.

Images