Earthworm feed and artificial breeding method of earthworms

Abstract

The invention relates to an earthworm feed and an artificial breeding method of earthworms. The pig manure or cow dung is used as a main material, the bagasse is used as an auxiliary material, fingered citron processing waste is used as a synergist, the earthworm feed is prepared through aerobic fermentation, the feed can improve the palatability of earthworms, meanwhile, after the feed is laid on an earthworm bed, a bagasse layer is additionally arranged, the culture condition is further optimized, and the yield of the earthworms is increased. And the feeding time of the earthworms entering the material is shortened to 1-2 days from the traditional 3-4 days. According to the breeding method, the waste treatment efficiency can be improved, the interval between two times of feeding is shortened to 7-10 days from traditional 12-15 days, and the organic matter content of the prepared wormcast is averagely increased by 25% or above compared with a traditional method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of earthworm breeding, and in particular to earthworm feed and an earthworm artificial breeding method. Background Art

[0002] Traditional earthworm feeding materials are generally single raw materials of cow dung or pig manure. Although the breeding method is simple, the feeding cycle is long, the waste conversion efficiency is low, the earthworms grow slowly, and the earthworm manure has low organic matter and nutrients, even far below the organic fertilizer standard NY525-20201, which is not conducive to marketization and industrial development. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a feed for earthworms and a method for artificially breeding earthworms. The earthworm feed prepared by adding sugarcane bagasse and bergamot processing waste as auxiliary materials to animal feces and undergoing aerobic composting and fermentation can improve palatability and waste treatment efficiency. The earthworm treatment efficiency and yield can be improved by regularly adding sugarcane bagasse during the earthworm breeding and feeding process.

[0004] The invention provides a feed for earthworms, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of animal excrement, 5-35 parts of sugarcane bagasse, and 1-10 parts of bergamot processing waste.

[0005] Preferably, the earthworm feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-85 parts of animal feces, 10-30 parts of sugarcane bagasse, and 5-10 parts of Buddha's hand processing waste.

[0006] Preferably, the earthworm feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of animal feces, 30 parts of sugarcane bagasse, and 10 parts of Buddha's hand processing waste.

[0007] Preferably, the animal manure is cow manure or pig manure.

[0008] Preferably, the bergamot processing waste is the waste left after essential oil is extracted from bergamot fruit or bergamot dew is extracted.

[0009] The present invention also provides a method for artificially breeding earthworms, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0010] (1) Preparation of culture substrate: Crush animal manure, sugarcane bagasse, and bergamot processing waste separately and set aside. Mix animal manure and sugarcane bagasse evenly and then perform aerobic composting fermentation. Turn the compost for the first time when the temperature is above 60°C. Turn the compost once every two days thereafter, for a total of 3-5 times. Add the crushed bergamot processing waste to the compost during the last turning and ferment until the compost returns to room temperature. This is the culture substrate.

[0011] (2) Earthworm breeding: After disinfecting the earthworm bed, lay a 10-30 cm thick breeding substrate, lay 2-3 cm thick sugarcane residue on the breeding substrate, and inoculate earthworms for breeding; during the breeding process, feed is generally supplemented once every 7-10 days, with a thickness of 10-30 cm. Every 2-4 supplements, add a layer of 2-3 cm thick sugarcane residue to the earthworm bed. After 2-4 months of growth, separate the earthworms and earthworm castings.

[0012] Preferably, the earthworm is Eisenia fetida.

[0013] Preferably, the pile is turned 4 times in total.

[0014] Preferably, the laying thickness of the breeding substrate is 15 cm, and the laying thickness of the bagasse is 2 cm.

[0015] Preferably, a layer of bagasse is added to the earthworm bed every three feedings.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The present invention adds sugarcane bagasse and bergamot processing waste as auxiliary materials to animal feces and produces earthworm feed through aerobic composting and fermentation. Sugarcane bagasse is rich in sugar and has good air permeability, while bergamot processing waste is rich in flavonoids, palmitic acid, succinic acid, diosmin and hesperidin, among other beneficial ingredients. The feed of the present invention can improve the palatability of earthworms, shortening the time it takes for earthworms to enter the material and feed from the traditional 3-4 days to 1-2 days. The breeding method of the present invention can also improve the waste treatment efficiency, shortening the interval between two feedings from the traditional 12-15 days to 7-10 days, and the organic matter content of the obtained earthworm castings is increased by an average of more than 25% compared with traditional methods. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Experiment 1 Feed Screening

[0020] The main ingredients were cow dung, pig dung, chicken dung, and duck dung, and the auxiliary ingredients were bagasse, straw, and sawdust. The most suitable feed formula was screened. The main ingredients and auxiliary ingredients were crushed and mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio was adjusted to 25:1 to obtain the experimental treatments T1 (cow dung and bagasse), T2 (pig dung and bagasse), T3 (chicken dung and bagasse), T4 (duck dung and bagasse), T5 (cow dung and straw), T6 (pig dung and straw), T7 (chicken dung and straw), T8 (duck dung and straw), T9 (cow dung and sawdust), T10 (pig dung and sawdust), T11 (chicken dung and sawdust), and T12 (duck dung and sawdust). The preparation method was similar to that of Example 1. Each group of feed was laid on an earthworm bed with a thickness of 15 cm. 100 earthworms were inoculated in each treatment, and the time it took for all earthworms to enter the material and feed was observed. After 15 days of cultivation, the earthworms and vermicompost were separated, and the weights of the earthworms and vermicompost were calculated, as shown in Table 1.

[0021] Table 1 Weight statistics of earthworms and earthworm castings screened for feed

[0022] Material entry time (h) Earthworm weight (g) Worm castings weight (g) T1 35 203 3010 T2 37 195 2871 T3 78 158 2377 T4 80 142 2093 T5 83 171 2514 T6 82 173 2633 T7 91 153 2328 T8 97 129 1968 T9 89 117 1854 T10 92 113 1617 T11 103 97 1524 T12 105 94 1488

[0023] The results of Experiment 1 show that using cow dung or pig dung in combination with bagasse as feed for earthworms can shorten the time it takes for earthworms to enter the material to feed, while also increasing the weight of cultured earthworms and the weight of the produced earthworm castings.

[0024] Experiment 2 Selection of synergists

[0025] The combination of cow dung and bagasse that performed best in Experiment 1 was selected for further screening of a suitable synergist. The cow dung, bagasse, and synergist were ground and mixed, then mixed in a mass ratio of 7:3:1 and the carbon-nitrogen ratio was adjusted to 25:1. The resulting products were T1-1 (waste from extracting essential oil from bergamot fruit), T1-2 (patchouli residue), T1-3 (morinda officinalis residue), T1-4 (aquilaria residue), and T1-5 (astragalus residue). The preparation methods were similar to those in Example 1. Each group of feed was laid on a 15-cm thick earthworm bed. 100 earthworms were introduced into each treatment, and the time it took for all earthworms to enter the feed was observed. After 15 days of incubation, the earthworms and wormcasts were separated, and the weights of the earthworms and wormcasts were calculated, with the statistics shown in Table 2.

[0026] Table 2 Weight statistics of earthworms and vermicomposts selected by synergists

[0027] Material entry time (h) Earthworm weight (g) Worm castings weight (g) T1-1 27 238 3632 T1-2 34 206 3058 T1-3 48 187 2874 T1-4 50 169 2533 T1-5 33 211 3122

[0028] The results of Experiment 2 show that using Buddha's hand processing waste, such as waste from extracting essential oil from Buddha's hand fruit, as earthworm feed can further shorten the time it takes for earthworms to enter the material to feed, and can increase the weight of cultured earthworms and the weight of the produced earthworm castings.

[0029] Experiment 3: Optimization of culture methods

[0030] The best-performing combination of cow dung, bagasse, and bergamot fruit essential oil waste from Experiment 2 was selected for a cultivation method optimization experiment. 100 earthworms were inoculated into each of the T1-1-1 (feed laid 15 cm thick) and T1-1-2 (feed laid 15 cm thick with a 2 cm thick bagasse layer on top of the feed) treatments. Feed was added every 10 days, while in T1-1-2, a 2 cm thick bagasse layer was added every three times the feed was added, and the culture lasted for 90 days. The results showed that adding a 2 cm thick bagasse layer, and adding another 2 cm thick bagasse layer every three times the feed was added, to the 15 cm thick layer of cow dung, bagasse, and bergamot fruit essential oil waste improved the structure of the earthworm bed, enhancing air permeability, and increasing egg production by 15%, earthworm weight by 12%, and vermicompost weight by 16%.

[0031] Experiment 4: Verification Experiment

[0032] The T1-1-2 treatment in Experiment 3 was selected as Treatment A, the cow dung in Treatment T1-1-2 was replaced by chicken dung as Treatment B, the bagasse in Treatment T1-1-2 was replaced by straw as Treatment C, and the feed in Treatment T1-1-2 was replaced by an equal amount of decomposed cow dung as Treatment D. 100 earthworms were inoculated into each treatment, and after 90 days of cultivation, the results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0033] Table 3 Statistics of verification experiments

[0034] Earthworm weight (g) Worm castings weight (g) Feeding interval (days) Organic matter content of earthworm castings (%) A 1076 19058 10 44.2 B 663 11289 12 36.2 C 695 12064 13 37.5 D 439 7776 15 32.5

[0035] The results of Experiment 4 show that the use of the feed combination of cow dung, bagasse, and Buddha's hand processing waste in the present application and the feeding method of the present application can increase the weight of the cultured earthworms and the weight of the produced earthworm castings, shorten the feeding interval, and increase the organic matter content of the earthworm castings.

[0036] Several embodiments are listed below to illustrate the present invention in detail. It should be pointed out that the described embodiments are only intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention and do not have any limiting effect on the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] The earthworm feed of this embodiment includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of sugarcane bagasse, and 10 parts of bergamot processing waste. The bergamot processing waste is the waste from extracting essential oil from bergamot fruit.

[0039] The method for artificially cultivating earthworms comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) Preparation of culture substrate: Cow dung, sugarcane bagasse, and bergamot processing waste are crushed separately and set aside. Cow dung and sugarcane bagasse are mixed evenly and then aerobic composting is carried out. When the temperature of the compost material is higher than 60°C, the first turning is carried out. Thereafter, the compost is turned once every two days, for a total of 4 turnings. During the last turning, the crushed bergamot processing waste is added and fermented until the compost returns to room temperature. This is the culture substrate.

[0041] (2) Earthworm breeding: After disinfecting the earthworm bed, lay a 15 cm thick breeding substrate, lay 2 cm thick sugarcane bagasse on the breeding substrate, and inoculate earthworms for breeding; during the breeding process, feed is generally supplemented once every 10 days, with a thickness of 15 cm. Every 3 supplements, add a 2 cm thick layer of sugarcane bagasse to the earthworm bed. After 3 months of growth, separate the earthworms and earthworm castings.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] The earthworm feed of this embodiment includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of pig manure, 30 parts of sugarcane bagasse, and 5 parts of bergamot processing waste. The bergamot processing waste is the waste after extracting bergamot extract.

[0044] The method for artificially cultivating earthworms comprises the following steps:

[0045] (1) Preparation of culture substrate: crush pig manure, sugarcane bagasse, and bergamot processing waste separately and set aside. Mix pig manure and sugarcane bagasse evenly and then perform aerobic composting fermentation. Turn the compost for the first time when the temperature of the compost material is higher than 60°C. Turn the compost once every two days thereafter, for a total of three times. Add the crushed bergamot processing waste to the compost during the last turning and ferment until the compost returns to room temperature. This is the culture substrate.

[0046] (2) Earthworm breeding: After disinfecting the earthworm bed, lay a 10 cm thick breeding substrate, and lay 2 cm thick sugarcane bagasse on the breeding substrate, and inoculate earthworms for breeding. During the breeding process, feed is generally supplemented once every 7 days, with a thickness of 10 cm. Every 3 supplements, add a 2 cm thick layer of sugarcane bagasse to the earthworm bed. After 3 months of growth, separate the earthworms and earthworm castings.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] The earthworm feed of this embodiment includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of cow dung, 25 parts of sugarcane bagasse, and 5 parts of bergamot processing waste. The bergamot processing waste is the waste from extracting essential oil from bergamot fruit.

[0049] The method for artificially cultivating earthworms comprises the following steps:

[0050] (1) Preparation of culture substrate: Cow dung, sugarcane bagasse, and bergamot processing waste are crushed separately and set aside. Cow dung and sugarcane bagasse are mixed evenly and then aerobic composting is carried out. When the temperature of the compost material is higher than 60°C, the first turning is carried out. Thereafter, the compost is turned once every two days for a total of 5 times. During the last turning, the crushed bergamot processing waste is added and fermented until the compost returns to room temperature. This is the culture substrate.

[0051] (2) Earthworm breeding: After disinfecting the earthworm bed, lay a 12 cm thick breeding substrate, lay 2 cm thick sugarcane bagasse on the breeding substrate, and inoculate earthworms for breeding; during the breeding process, feed is generally supplemented once every 8 days, with a thickness of 12 cm. A layer of 2 cm thick sugarcane bagasse is added to the earthworm bed every 3 times of feeding. After 3 months of growth, earthworms and earthworm castings are separated.

[0052] Example 4

[0053] The earthworm feed of this embodiment includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of cow dung, 30 parts of sugarcane bagasse, and 10 parts of bergamot processing waste. The bergamot processing waste is the waste after the bergamot extract is extracted from the bergamot fruit.

[0054] The method for artificially cultivating earthworms comprises the following steps:

[0055] (1) Preparation of culture substrate: Cow dung, sugarcane bagasse, and bergamot processing waste are crushed separately and set aside. Cow dung and sugarcane bagasse are mixed evenly and then aerobic composting is carried out. When the temperature of the compost material is higher than 60°C, the first turning is carried out. Thereafter, the compost is turned once every two days, for a total of 4 turnings. During the last turning, the crushed bergamot processing waste is added and fermented until the compost returns to room temperature. This is the culture substrate.

[0056] (2) Earthworm breeding: After disinfecting the earthworm bed, lay a 15 cm thick breeding substrate, lay 2 cm thick sugarcane bagasse on the breeding substrate, and inoculate earthworms for breeding; during the breeding process, feed is generally supplemented once every 10 days, with a thickness of 15 cm. Every 3 supplements, add a 2 cm thick layer of sugarcane bagasse to the earthworm bed. After 3 months of growth, separate the earthworms and earthworm castings.

[0057] The above is a detailed description of an embodiment of the present invention. However, the content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made within the scope of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for earthworms, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-90 parts of animal feces, 5-35 parts of sugarcane bagasse, and 1-10 parts of Buddha's hand processing waste.

2. The earthworm feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earthworm feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-85 parts of animal feces, 10-30 parts of sugarcane bagasse, and 5-10 parts of Buddha's hand processing waste.

3. The earthworm feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earthworm feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of animal feces, 30 parts of sugarcane bagasse, and 10 parts of Buddha's hand processing waste.

4. A feed for earthworms according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The animal excrement is cow dung or pig dung.

5. A feed for earthworms according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The bergamot processing waste is the waste left after the bergamot fruit is refined for essential oil or bergamot dew is extracted.

6. A method for artificially breeding earthworms, using the earthworm feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for breeding, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Preparation of culture substrate: Crush animal manure, sugarcane bagasse, and bergamot processing waste separately and set aside. Mix animal manure and sugarcane bagasse evenly and then perform aerobic composting fermentation. Turn the compost for the first time when the temperature is above 60°C. Turn the compost once every two days thereafter, for a total of 3-5 times. Add the crushed bergamot processing waste to the compost during the last turning and ferment until the compost returns to room temperature. This is the culture substrate. (2) Earthworm breeding: After disinfecting the earthworm bed, lay a 10-30 cm thick breeding substrate, lay 2-3 cm thick sugarcane residue on the breeding substrate, and inoculate earthworms for breeding; during the breeding process, feed is generally supplemented once every 7-10 days, with a thickness of 10-30 cm. Every 2-4 supplements, add a layer of 2-3 cm thick sugarcane residue to the earthworm bed. After 2-4 months of growth, separate the earthworms and earthworm castings.

7. The method for artificially breeding earthworms according to claim 6, characterized in that: The earthworm is Eisenia fetida.

8. The method for artificially breeding earthworms according to claim 6, characterized in that: Turn the pile 4 times in total.

9. The method for artificially breeding earthworms according to claim 6, characterized in that: The laying thickness of the breeding substrate is 15 cm, and the laying thickness of the bagasse is 2 cm.

10. The method for artificially breeding earthworms according to claim 6, characterized in that: Add a layer of sugarcane bagasse to the earthworm bed every three feedings.